Wisconsin WisDOT Standard Specifications (within FDM) — Section 616

Effective with the December 2018 Letting 361 2019 Standard Spec ifications Section 616 Property and Right-of-Way Fence

616.1Description

(1)This section describes furnishing and erecting woven wire fenc e and chain link fence.

616.2Materials

616.2.1 General

(1)For the given materials, conform to the following:

Preservatives and pres ervative tr eatment ...................... ............................................................................. 507.2 Structural Steel and mi scellaneous metals ..................... ............................................................................. 506.2

(2)Furnish grade A, A-FA, A-S, A-T , A-IS, A-IP, or A-IT concrete conforming to 501 as modified in 716,

except the engineer may waive t he requirements for proportionin g by weight, and may allow alternate mixers or mixing methods. Pro vide QMP for class III ancillary c oncrete as specified in 716. 616.2.2 Woven Wire Fence Materials 616.2.2.1 Woven Wire Fabric

(1)Furnish woven wire fabric composed of 11 gauge line and stay w ires, except the top and bottom

horizontal wires shall be 9-gauge . This fabric shall have 10 li ne wires, a nominal height of 47 inches, and conform to the design the plans show. Run the vertical stay wires from top to bottom line wires, at 6 inch nominal spacing.

(2)If the plans or special provisio ns do not designate a specific type of woven fence fabric, the contractor

may use one of the following: - Zinc-coated steel conformi ng to AASHTO M279 class 3. - Aluminum-coated steel conforming to ASTM A116 .

(3)Furnish the same type for all fence fabric required under the contract, unless specified otherwise.

616.2.2.2 Barbed Wire

(1)Furnish 15 1/2 gauge or heavier 2-strand coated steel barbed w ire with 4-point coated steel barbs

spaced not more than 5 inches a part and conforming to AASHTO M2 80. If the plans or special provisions do not designate a sp ecific type of barbed wire, the contractor may use one of the following: - Type Z zinc-coated steel. - Type ZA zinc-5 percent alumi num-mischmetal alloy coated steel . - Type A aluminum coated steel.

(2)Furnish the same type for all barbed wire required under the contract, unless specified otherwise.

616.2.2.3 Smooth Wire

(1)Furnish 9-gauge smooth zinc-coa ted steel wire for bracing and guying conforming to AASHTO M279

class 3. 616.2.2.4 Braces

(1)Furnish zinc-coated steel pi pe or steel tubing braces conformi ng to ASTM A53 ; or steel angle or

channel section braces conforming to ASTM A123. Use a type, minimum size, and minimum weight conforming to one of the following: - Welded or seamless st eel pipe, nominal 1.90 inches outside di ameter, weighing 2.72 pounds per linear foot. - Steel tubing, 1.75 inches outsi de diameter, 3.13 pounds per l inear foot. - Steel angle section, nominal 1 3 /4 x 1 3/4 x 1/4 inch, 2.77 p ounds per linear foot. - Steel channel section, nominal 3 inches, 4.1 pounds per linea r foot. - Other engineer-appr oved steel sections.

(2)Shape brace ends as the plans show, or furnish with other engi neer-approved fittings for anchoring to

posts. Furnish fittings, bolts, nuts, washers or other hardware conforming to ASTM A123. 616.2.2.5 Staples

(1)Furnish 1 3/4-inch or longer staples made from 9-gauge or heav ier galvanized steel wire.

616.2.2.6 Posts

(1)Furnish round wood posts manufac tured from one of the softwood species listed in 614.2.5 for wood

posts and offset blocks.

Effective with the December 2018 Letting 362 2019 Standard Spec ifications (2) The posts shall conform to the dimensions the plans show with a tolerance of plus 2 inches for length, and a diameter at the top or sma ll end, after peeling, 4 1/2 in ches or greater for line posts and 6 inches or greater for corner, b racer, or vertical angle posts.

(3)Use posts free from sap rot, woodpe cker holes, plugged holes, pest-eaten areas, and hollow knots. Do

not use posts with butt rot exc eeding 5 percent of butt area. E nsure post tops are sound, except a 7 inch cedar post may have one pipe or heart rot 3/8 inch or smal ler in diameter. Posts shall not have excessive checking or a one-way sweep greater than 3 inches, or short kinks. Posts may have a winding twist unless unsightly and excessive. All knots shall b e sound.

(4)Do not use posts with both the maximum crook and maximum butt rot. Not more than 10 percent of

the posts required under the cont ract may have the maximum crook or the maximum butt rot. The engineer will have sufficient gr ounds to reject posts that contain other defects of any kind that give a post an unsightly appearance.

(5)Use posts seasoned in a department-approved manner and peeled for their entire length, with all outer

and inner bark to the white wood co mpletely removed by shaving or by other effective means. Trim knots closely and saw both ends of the post square. If setting the posts by driving, then the larger end may have a blunt point. After peeling, trimming, and cutting to required length, preservative treat the posts by the pressure process specified in 507.2.2.6 , except the preservative m inimum retention is 6 pounds per cubic foot of wood for creosote-coal tar solution or pentachlorophenol solution. 616.2.3 Chain Link Fence Materials 616.2.3.1 General

(1)Furnish new material for all parts. Do not use u sed, re-rolled , or open seam material in posts, rails,

and braces. Furnish metal parts as follows: - Use aluminum-coated steel fenc e fabric conforming to AASHTO M 181 type II. - Use steel tension wire confor ming to AASHTO M181 type I zinc- coated or type II aluminum-coated. - Use hot-dipped zinc-coated st eel posts, rails, and braces con forming to ASTM F1043 .[1] - Use hot-dipped zinc-coated st eel, or malleable iron hardware, and fittings conforming to ASTM F1043 .[1] [1] The contractor may substitute zinc - 5 percent aluminum-mischm etal alloy conforming to ASTM B750 (type C coating) for hot-dipped zinc (type A coating) specified here in 616.2.3 if applied at t he same rate as the hot- dipped zinc coating.

(2)Ensure that hot-dipped coatings are applied to rolled sections after rolling.

(3)Unless specified otherwise, furn ish the same type of material for all fence fabric required under the

contract. Make all posts, hardw are, and fittings used on the co ntract the same kind, unless specified otherwise. 616.2.3.2 Fence Fabric

(1)Use fence fabric woven of 9-gauge wire in 2-inch diamond patte rn mesh with both the top and bottom

selvages knuckled. Ensure the furn ished fence fabric is the sam e nominal height as the designated fence height. 616.2.3.3 Posts

(1)Use posts of the type, size, and length the plans show as follows:

- Group IA round steel pipe with a type A coating. - Group II roll-formed steel C-sections with a type A coating. 616.2.3.4 Post Tops

(1)Fit all posts, except roll formed terminal posts, with ornamen tal tops of the type the plans show.

Ensure ornamental tops are of department-approved design, made of metal, have a flanged base that fits snugly over top and around ou tside of post, and is securel y fastened in place. Provide the base of each line post top with an openi ng for passage and support of t he top tension wire.

(2)For roll-formed line posts, t he contractor may use the notched alternate post top the plans show

instead of and ornamental post top. 616.2.3.5 Bracing

(1)Use brace rail of the type, siz e, and weight the plans show fo r horizontal and diagonal bracing as

follows: - Group IA round steel pipe with a type A coating. - Group II roll-formed steel C -sections with a type A.

(2)Make horizontal and diagonal pipe, or roll formed braces and d iagonal truss rods extend from all

terminal, corner, intersection , or intermediate braced posts to the first adjacent line post, and fasten

Effective with the December 2018 Letting 363 2019 Standard Spec ifications them securely to the posts with suitable connectors. Use zinc c oated 3/8 inch round steel rods equipped with a threaded take-up adapter for diagonal truss rods. 616.2.3.6 Pipe Fittings

(1)Use malleable iron, cast iron , or pressed steel pipe fittings.

616.2.3.7 Fabric Fasteners

(1)Use clips made of 9-gauge zinc coated steel or 0.179-inch diam eter aluminum tie wires as fasteners

for securing the fence fabric to H column line posts. User 9-gauge zinc coated steel or 0.179-inch diameter aluminum tie wires as fasteners for securing the fence to posts or top tension wires and braces. Use tie wires not smalle r than 12-gauge zinc coated ste el, or 0.149-inch diameter aluminum wire, as fasteners for securi ng to bottom tension wires. 616.2.3.8 Tension Bars

(1)Use zinc-coated flat mild or rail steel of the required length .

616.2.3.9 Gates

(1)Conform to the material, design, and dimensional requirements the plans show for chain link fence

gates.

616.3Construction

616.3.1 General

(1)If an area of right-of-way is s ubject to ingress of cattle or other farm animals, erect the right-of-way

fencing before starting other it ems of work under contract for these areas, or provide a temporary fence to exclude the livestock.

(2)Remove and dispose of all trees, brush, logs, stumps, or other debris that might interfere with fence

construction, within approximately 12 inches along each side of the fence line, as specified for clearing and grubbing in 201.3 . If the contractor cuts trees or stumps close enough to the ground to prevent interference with correct fenc e erection, the engineer will not require grubbing of the stumps.

(3)Excavate minor ridges and humps in the ground surface, necessa ry to correctly erect the fence.

(4)Erect the fence on the right-of -way, parallel to, and 3 feet from the right-of-way line, unless the plans

show or the engineer directs otherwise. Where the engineer dire cts or allows the contractor to leave trees on the fence line, deviate the fence line past the tree a s the plans show.

(5)Erect the wire on the far si de of the posts with respect to th e proposed roadway.

(6)Remove and dispose of all exce ss excavation and surplus materials from the fence site.

616.3.2 Woven Wire Fence 616.3.2.1 General

(1)Erect woven wire fencing fabric and one line of barbed wire on preservative treated wood posts. Place

all end, corner, pull, and vertical angle posts at the locations staked or where the engineer designates. 616.3.2.2 Placing Posts

(1)Set all posts with the large end down to the depth the planss how and make plumb and true to line on

the wire side. Unless the planss how otherwise, set line posts at as uniform spacing as possible under local conditions, but the spacing shall not exceed 16 feet center to center of posts. Set additional posts, as required, at abrupt chan ges in grade. Excavate post h oles to the required depth. If the contractor encounters rock, emp loy necessary drilling, blasting , or other means of excavation. Use suitable material for backfill, and place and compact in layers around the post until firmly embedded, plumb, and true to alignment.

(2)Set all corner, end, pull, verti cal angle posts, and posts at stream crossings in concrete. Brace and guy

as the plan details show. Use a double strand of 9-gauge zinc-c oated, smooth wire for wire guying and stretch between posts as the plans show. Wrap the wire around t he posts and staple. Twist the strands of wire taut. Place ver tical angle post assemblies at g rade change points of more than 2 feet between consecutive posts that r esult in a wire uplift on the p osts.

(3)The contractor may drive posts instead of setting posts in pre viously dug holes and backfilling, except

if placing in concrete. If driving posts, drive them plumb, to the required depth and alignment, and with adequate lateral stability. Remov e and replace with a sound pos t any post not conforming to the above requirements, or damaged below cut-off during driving. 616.3.2.3 Placing Wire

(1)Attach the woven wire to the pos ts so that the bottom wire is approximately 2 inches above the

ground, but not more than 4 inches above the ground at the posts, except on abrupt grade changes as

Effective with the December 2018 Letting 364 2019 Standard Spec ifications the plans show. Place one line of barbed wire above the woven wire, as the plans show, and staple the wire at each post.

(2)Secure the woven wire and the barbed wire to all end and corner posts by wrapping each line of wire

around the post and tying the wi re back on itself with not less than 1 1/2 twists tightly wrapped with tools designed for the purpose, and supplement with staples dri ven into the posts. Stretch the wire until no slack exists, longitudi nal wires are tight, and approx imately 50 percent of the factory fabricated fence crimp is removed. Apply tension with an engineer-approved stretcher designed to produce a uniform tension in each wire.

(3)Secure the woven wire to each post with staples at the top and bottom wires and, at least, at 3

intermediate wires. Use additional staples if necessary. Stagge r the vertical alignment of staples slightly and do not place para llel with the wood grain. Drive t he staples tight at all pull, angle, end, and corner posts, and double staple the wire if required. Drive the staples firmly at other line posts but loose enough to allow lateral movement of the wire. Make splices in the fencing at posts or between posts to the engineer’s satisfaction.

(4)Ground the fence as specified in 616.3.5 .

616.3.3 Chain Link Fence 616.3.3.1 General

(1)Erect chain link fencing fabr ic, of the required height, attac hed at the top and bottom to a tension wire,

on driven unbraced metal line posts. 616.3.3.2 Setting Posts

(1)Set or drive posts, in a vert ical position, at the required lo cation and alignment, and at as uniform a

spacing as local conditions a llow. Space posts, center to cente r, according to the following situations as follows: - On a tangent or on a curve of 500 feet or more radius; space posts at no more than 10 feet. - On a curve of from 200 to 500 feet radius, space posts at no more than 8 feet. - On a curve of from 100 to 200 feet radius, space posts at no more than 6 feet. - On a curve of less than 100 feet radius, space posts at no mo re than 5 feet.

(2)Set or drive posts, with thei r tops at the required elevation to provide a smooth profile at the top wire

without abrupt changes. Conform to the general contour of the t errain.

(3)Place an end post at each end of e ach run of fence. Place a co rner post at breaks of 30 degrees or

more in the horizontal alignmen t. Set an intersection post in l ine with an intersecting chain link fence, and brace with the adjacent post of the intersecting fence.

(4)Place an intermediate braced post if there is over a 5 degrees change in the vertical alignment or a

change in the fence line grade o f greater than 9 percent that r esults in wire uplift on the post.

(5)If placing posts on concrete walls, curbs, or other concretes tructures, place them in sleeve anchors

and grout as the plan details sh ow. Use a non-shrink grout conf orming to 506.3.30 for bearings and anchorages. Thoroughly ram the gr out into the sleeve anchor while the post is in place. Allow the grout to cure at least 48 hours before stretching the chain link fabr ic.

(6)Coat the portion of aluminum-coated posts to be set in concret e with a uniform, thin application of

asphaltic or other engineer-appro ved material. Ensure this coating is firmly set before placing the posts.

(7)Set the end, corner, angle, inter section, and intermediate bra ced posts in concrete footings.

(8)Ensure the top of the concrete footing is approximately 6 inches below the ground line and slopes

slightly away from the post. Locate the footing to allow centering of the post. Backfill the top of the footing with topsoil or other suitable material.

(9)In firm ground, excavate holes for the footings to the neat di mensions and place concrete directly in

the excavation. Remove rock or other obstructions encountered i n the excavation to the required depth.

(10)If unstable soils or other areas prevent making footing excavations to neat dimensions, use forms.

Keep the form in place until the concrete cures for at least 24 hours. After removi ng the form, backfill the footing with suitable mate rial. Ensure the backfill material has the correct moisture content for compacting and place and compact in layers.

(11)Set the posts, anchor the braces in place, and wait at least 2 4 hours after pouring concrete before

placing the top and bottom tension wires.

Effective with the December 2018 Letting 365 2019 Standard Spec ifications (12) Place an intermediate braced post midway between end posts and corner posts if t he fence run is more than 1000 feet, but not m ore than 2000 feet. For fence run s greater than 2000 feet, make the maximum spacing of intermediate braced posts 1000 feet.

(13)Set in concrete or drive unbraced line posts, provided the con tractor drives them plumb, to the

required depth and alignment, and with adequate lateral stabili ty. Remove and repl ace any post that fails to conform to the above requirements, or that the contrac tor damages during driving, with an undamaged post. In unstable soils, increase the length of drive n posts by multiples of 2 feet, as the engineer directs, to increas e the stability of the post. 616.3.3.3 Erecting Fence Fabric

(1)Place, tension, and secure the top and bottom tension wires before erecting the fence fabric. Anchor

the tension wires securely to each end, corner, intersection, o r intermediate braced post. Fasten the tension wires to each line post.

(2)Attach the end of the fabric to the post with a tension bar th readed through the end loops of the fabric

and secured to the post with clam ps and bolt. Stretch the fabri c with engineer-approved stretching equipment to remove all slack. Secure the stretched fabric to l ine posts, braces, and tension wires with specified fabric fasteners. Place fabric fasteners on line posts at no greater than 14 inch centers; and on braces and tension wires a t no greater than 18 inch centers. Repeat stretching operations at approximately every 100 feet for each run of fence.

(3)Splice fabric by interweaving a wire picket through each end l oop of each piece of fabric. Ensure that

the splice is neat and secure. 616.3.3.4 Gates

(1)Erect chain-link fence gates as the plans show.

616.3.3.5 Salvaged Chain Link Fence

(1)Remove, handle, store, and re-erect the fence, gates, and all posts, fittings, bases and appurtenant

hardware without damaging the par ts. Replace contractor-damaged parts and provide all other materials, including concrete, r equired to re-erect the fence. Dispose of all surplus materials.

(2)Re-erect salvaged chain link fenc e as specified for chain link fence under 616.3.3.

616.3.4 (Vacant) 616.3.5 Electrical Grounds

(1)Ground woven wire fence. Use 1/2 inch minimum diameter zinc co ated or copper clad steel rod at

least 8 feet long, driven vertic ally into the ground along the fence line, near a post, until approximately 6 inches extends above the grou nd. Securely clamp, bolt, or bra ze at least 3 fence wires to the ground rod. Electrically ground bar bed wire as the plans show.

(2)Install electrical grounds at loc ations where primary electrical transmission or distribution lines, other

than secondary feeder lines for i ndividual service, cross the fence. Install one groun d rod along the fence at the point of crossing and one 25 to 50 feet in each direction from the crossing.

(3)Install additional ground rods in each fence spaced approximat ely every 500 feet. Install at least one

ground rod on each electrically i solated section of fence, defi ned as a run with no interruptions in electrical continuity.

616.4Measurement

(1)The department will measure the Fence Woven Wire bid items by the linear foot acceptably

completed, measured from center to center of end posts, along t he fence line at the ground line. The department will dedu ct for openings.

(2)The department will measure the Fe nce Chain Link bid items by the linear foot acceptably completed,

measured from center to center o f end posts, along the top tension wire. The department will deduct for gates and other openings.

(3)The department will measure the Ga tes Chain Link bid items as each individual gate acceptably

completed.

(4)The department will measure the Fence Chain Link Salvaged bid items by the linear foot acceptably

completed, measured from center to center of end posts, includi ng gates, along the top rail or tension wire. 616.5 Payment

(1)The department will pay for measured quantities at the contrac t unit price under the following bid

items: ITEM NUMBER DESCRIPTION UNIT

Effective with the December 2018 Letting 366 2019 Standard Spec ifications 616.0100 Fence Woven Wire (height) LF

616.0200 - 0299 Fence Ch ain Link (height) LF

616.0329 Gates Chain Link (width) EACH

616.0400 - 0499 Fence Chain Link Salvaged (height) LF

(2)Payment for all bid items under this section includes erecting temporary fence to k eep farm animals off

the right-of-way.

(3)Payment for all the fence bid items under this section is full compensation for clearing and grubbing

the fence line; for excavating; fo r setting posts including pla cing concrete; for erecting and tensioning all fencing components; for installing grounds; and for removin g and disposing of all debris, excess excavation, and surplus materials.

(4)Payment for the Fence Chain Link bid items also includes provi ding longer posts driven in unstable

soils at no additional cost to the department.

(5)Payment for the Fence Chain Li nk Salvaged bid items also inclu des removing, handling, and storing

existing fence materials; for re-erecting gates; for replacing all contractor-damaged parts; and for providing all other materials r equired to re-erect the fence.

(6)Payment for the Gates Chain Link bid items is full compensatio n for providing the gate.

Effective with the December 2018 Letting 367 2019 Standard Spec ifications Section 617 Hauling

617.1Description

(1)This section describes transporting materials from the point o f supply to the work site.

617.2 (Vacant)

617.3Construction

(1)Haul materials from the pit, c rushing plant, quarry, railroad car, or other materia l source to the work

site in an engineer-approved v ehicle. The engineer may approve any size or type of vehicle for hauling provided that vehicle conforms to the following:

1.Applicable legal restrictions imposed by other jurisdictions as specified in 107.1 .

2.For material speci fied for measurement by volume in the veh icle, the provisions of 109.1.3 .

(2)Conform to additional hauling requirements specified under the individual bid items for the material

being hauled.

(3)Unless the contract specifies otherwise, build and maintain pr ivate roads, bridges, culverts, and

structures as necessary to reach the work site from the materia l source. Also, maintain, repair, and restore previously constructed pr ivate roads, bridges, culverts , and structures used to pre-hauling condition. 617.4 Measurement

(1)The department will measure the H auling bid items by the cubic yard mile acceptably completed. The

department will determine the total quantity for payment by mul tiplying the number of cubic yards hauled and placed in each zone by the mile number of the zone. The department will determine mile zones along the shortest and mo st practicable line of haul from the loading point to and along the project. The department will only measure hauling of materials specifically included in a Hauling bid item.

617.5Payment

(1)The department will pay for measured quantities at the contrac t unit price under the following bid

items: ITEM NUMBER DESCRIPTION UNIT

617.0100 Hauling (material) CYMI

(2)Payment for the Hauling bid it ems is full compensation for hau ling the specified materials and, unless

the contract specifies otherwise, costs associated with private roads, bridges, culverts, and structures used to haul material under this bid item.

(3)If the contract does not include the Hauling bid item, all hau ling is incidental to the related work.

Hauling materials not specifically included in a Hauling bid item is also incidental to related work.

Source: Wisconsin Standard Specifications for Highway and Structure Construction, 2019 Edition. Pages 370–375 of 601.

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