Effective with the December 2018 Letting 429 2019 Standard Spec ifications Section 639 Drilling Wells
639.1 Description
1.This section describes drilli ng vertical holes of specified si zes in earth formation or rock formation, or both to the required depth; inserting casing pipe; placing line r pipe, if required; sealing casing with grout; placing pump, screen, and well platform; constructing we ll shelter; and test pumping.
639.2 Materials
639.2.1 General
1.Furnish grade A, A-FA, A-S, A-T , A-IS, A-IP, or A-IT concrete conforming to 501 as modified in 716. Provide QMP for class III ancilla ry concrete as specified in 716.
2.For grout use fine aggregate conforming to 501.2.5.3 and type I, IL, IS, IP, or IT cement.
3.Furnish lumber and timber conforming to 507.2.2 .
639.2.2 Well Casing Pipe 639.2.2.1 Upper Drillhole
1.If using 8, 10, or 12-inch pipe temporarily in constructing th e upper drillhole, use pipe of sufficient strength and weight to withstand driving operations. Use welded or threaded coupling joints with this pipe.
639.2.2 2 Lower Drillhole
1.For casing the lowe r drillhole, use new steel casing pipe. Use pipe conforming to NR 812.17.
639.2.3 Liner Pipe
1.For liner pipe use new steel pipe of sufficient strength and w eight to structurally withstand driving operations. On this pipe, use wel ded joints and fit with standard type driving shoes . Use the length and diameter of liner pipe the engineer directs. 639.2.4 Pump
1.Use a hand-operated metal drinking fountain type pump with a m ounting base that accepts the casing pipe specified and conforms to t he plan details. For the drop p ipe use new zinc coated standard steel with a 1 1/4 inch inside diamete r, unless the plans specify oth erwise. Use a 7/16-inch diameter steel pump rod having 14 standard thre ads per one inch. For depths to the static water surface of 150 feet or less, use a cylinder with a 2-inch inside diameter, and for depths exceeding 150 feet, use a cylinder with an inside diamete r of 1 11/16 inches.
2.Provide cast iron floor drains conforming to the size and deta ils the plans show.
639.2.5 Well Screen
1.Provide a stainless steel screen of the specified diameter and conforming to NR 812.13 requirements.
639.3 Construction 639.3.1 Code, Permit, and Registration Requirements
1.Perform work connected with drilling, driving, and outfitting a well according to NR 812, well construction and pump Installation, Wisconsin administrative co de of the WDNR, division of environmental analysis and review.
2.The contractor shall obtain per mits, licenses, or other requirements needed to prosecute the work at its own cost and expense. Prov ide notices, pay fees, and comply with laws, ordinances, codes, and regulations bearing on t he conduct of the work.
3.Employ an engineer-approved we ll driller registered with the WDNR division of environmental analysis and review before starting drilling operations. The well drille r shall produce satisfactory evidence of experience, capability, and equipm ent before performing any wor k.
4.Use a pump installer registered with the WDNR division of environmental analysis and review to install the pump. 639.3.2 Geologic Formation
1.The contractor shall save and deliver a sample of material tak en from each 5 feet of drilling and at every change in formation, to t he Wisconsin ge ological and natu ral history survey. The contractor shall also keep an accurate record of the top and bottom of each laye r of formations penetrated.
2.Provide daily written reports to the engineer beginning when the drilling equipment is erected and ending when the drilling equipment is removed. Include the foll owing: 1. The nature of the materials encountered during drilling. 2. The work done during each day, including depth drilled, cas ing set, and water tests. Effective with the December 2018 Letting 430 2019 Standard Spec ifications 3. The depth-to-water level in the well at the beginning and e nd of each shift. 4. Other data the engineer may request for the record.
3.Immediately advise the engineer of any circumstances that migh t alter well construction, or have any effect in determining if the dr illing operations should change. If the contractor fails to keep the engineer informed, this may result in non- payment for items of work perf ormed.
4.Take the above-specified materia l samples every 5 feet and at each change in formation according to Wisconsin geological and natural history survey instructions.
5.After completing a job sample , pack it in a box or bag, and ma il or ship it express collect to the following address: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey 3817 Mineral Point Road Madison, WI 53705-5100
6.The contractor may obtain samp le bags and tags at no cost by w riting to the same address. Send the driller's log of the well at the same time. The driller’s log s hall include, in addition to a record of material encountered: 1. Data on size o r sizes of hole. 2. Length and size of casing , including liner and screen. 3. Water level. 4. Results of pumping tests.
639.3.3 Water Sampling and Testing
1.Immediately after completing the well, collect water samples i n conformance with t he procedure stated in NR 812.22 and submit the samples in bottles furnished by the laboratory for bacteriological and nitrate analysis, and for iron and manganese, turbidity and har dness determination to: State Laboratory of Hygiene 465 Henry Mall Madison, WI 53706
2.The contractor shall indicate i n the remarks section of the data sheet accompanying the sample bottles that a copy of the report be forwarded to the engineer on the project and sent to the: State Department of Natural Resources Environmental Analysis and Review 101 South Webster Street PO Box 7921 Madison, WI 53703
639.3.4 Precautions to Take
1.Take precautions to prevent cont aminated or polluted water, or other pollutants such as gasoline from entering the drill hole during c onstruction o f the well and following completion.
2.If the well becomes contaminated or polluted during constructi on or upon completion due to contractor neglect, at no cost to the departmen t, perform work or supply c asings, seals, s terilizing agents or other materials necessary to eliminate the contamination or pollution.
3.Exercise extreme care in perfor ming the work to prevent caving in or breaking down the strata overlying the one that is produci ng the water. Obtain the engin eer's approval of the contractor’s method of developing, pumping, or bailing the well, until produ cing water substantially free of silt or sand, and until the turbidity is less than 5 on the silica scal e described in Standard Methods of Water Analysis. Upon completing the well, provide and secure a screwed, flanged, or welded cap to the top of the well casing.
4.Between placing the protective well casing and grouting the we ll, seal the annular space between the inner casing and the larger outer casing with a temporary plug to prevent the entry of foreign material.
5.If the contractor fails to const ruct the well to the depth spe cified, or the depth the engineer orders, or if the well is abandoned be cause of loss of tools or from any other cause, for example, poor well alignment, construct another well at an adjacent engineer-approved location. Fill the abandoned hole with concrete as specified for abandoning pipes and structures in 204.3.3 .
6.Take the necessary p recautions to protec t trees and structures at the site from damage by and during the operations. Effective with the December 2018 Letting 431 2019 Standard Spec ifications 639.3.5 Drilling Well Holes
1.Ensure that holes drilled through earth formations are the req uired size, and extend from the ground surface to underlying rock form ation, or to the depth the engin eer directs. Drill each hole with a fully dressed bit the proper size to accommodate driving the correspo nding well casing pipe concurrently with drilling operations. If drilling holes through rock format ion use a fully dressed bit, the proper size to produce the requir ed drilled hole size.
2.If the driller considers it neces sary to blast in the drill ho le, if drilling through formations containing boulders, discuss the problem wi th the engineer before any shoo ting or blasting. Perform blasting work using a licensed blaster.
3.Furnish potable water for drilling operations.
639.3.6 Alignment
1.Align the well so that the pump proper and its accessories fun ction and operate free of any trouble that might occur from a misaligned well casing. Drill the well so th at the centerline does not deviate from a straight line more than the follo wing distance per 100 feet of pump setting depth, plus 25 percent: for a 4-inch well, 4 inches; for a 6-in ch or larger well, 6 inches.
2.If the engineer judges the well a lignment unsatisfactory at an y time, because of a condition in excess of that above, then co rrect the condition before proceeding wit h the drilling. If the hole is misaligned and correction is not possible or practicable, drill a new hole .
3.During well construction, furn ish the labor, tools, and equipm ent required for maki ng alignment tests, and make these tests when the engineer directs.
639.3.7 Well Casing
1.Ensure that the well casing whe n in place is watertight from t op to bottom. If driving into unconsolidated material or thr ough it to a seat in rock, as opposed to setting in place in a larger drilled hole, fit the casing with an engin eer-approved standard driving shoe. During grouting operations, remove the outer temporary casi ng used to construct the upper drill hole unless the engineer allows otherwise. 639.3.8 Well Screen
1.Fit the lower end of the well ca sing pipe, if specified, with the required well screen. Install the well screen in a way that allows r emoving the screen later.
2.Submit a selected sample of the water bearing formation to be developed, to the screen manufacturer for mechanical analysis and its r ecommendation of a size of scr een slot openings and length of screen necessary to allow the well to produce the required yield capacity. The contractor shall not use a screen less than 3 feet long, unless the engineer approves. Furnish a copy of the manufacturer's report or recommendation to the engineer.
639.3.9 Liner Pipe
1.If a caving formation occurs i n drilling in rock, seal it by d riving a liner pipe fitted with a driving shoe into the rock to at least 10 f eet above the caving zone. Then extend a drill hole, the same diameter as the liner pipe, below the liner pipe to the depth necessary to produce the required quantity of water.
639.3.10 Grouting
1.Mix a neat cement grout by me thods, and to a consistency, the engineer approves, using not more than 5 1/2 gallons of clean wate r per sack of cement. The contr actor shall not use admixtures in the cement grout.
2.Place this grout in the annular space between the inner well c asing and the outer casing, or the casing and the hole where the casing does not extend the entire depth of the hole. If using a liner pipe, then fill the annular space between t he liner and the casing to the top of the liner pipe.
3.Place the grout by using a pressure method the engineer approv es, with a pump designed for the purpose, forcing the grout from t he bottom upward toward the su rface. Continuously place this grout until the annular spaces are filled.
4.Provide standby grout placing equipment in case the original e quipment fails. Use standby equipment that provides gravity placemen t of grout with a pipe or tremie in the annular space between the casings.
5.With the engineer’s approval, and if applying through a conduc tor pipe that extends to the placement point, the contractor may use concrete grout, consisting of cem ent, sand, and water in a proportion of one sack cement, to an equal volum e of dry sand, and 5 1/2 gall ons of water, instead of neat cement. Effective with the December 2018 Letting 432 2019 Standard Spec ifications 639.3.11 Test Pumping
1.Upon reaching a water bearing formation that appears capable o f producing the desired yield, the engineer may direct conducting pumping tests to determine if th e water supply is satisfactory, and to establish the well depth.
2.Provide a pump capable of pumping the specified gallons per mi nute to the discharge point against a free discharge and capable of continuous operation for the spec ified test period. Make provisions for throttling the pumping rate in order to determine water level data at various pumping rates.
3.Furnish suitable and adequate equipment for making volumetric measurements of water pumping rates. Furnish electric probes o r other engineer-approved means to measure static and dynamic water levels to the nearest 1/10 of a foot.
4.Before conducting a pumping te st, clear the well of cuttings a nd determine the well depth and static water level.
5.Begin test pumping at a low rate and gradually increase it in a way that allows measuring the dynamic water level at various dischar ge increments. Take measurements of the dynamic water level at discharge increments the engine er specifies. At each increment, hold the pumping rate constant during measurement of the water level and rate of discharge.
6.Maintain the specified pumping rate for the specified test period to determine if the well conforms to contract provisions.
7.If the engineer deems the well ad equate, make measurements of the dynamic water level at higher discharge rates as the engineer designates.
8.If at any point during the test pumping the engineer determine s the water supply is inadequate, discontinue test pumping, and t he engineer will deem a unit of test pumping complete. The engineer will direct any further drilling and subsequent test pumping.
9.Transport water pumped from a w ell during a test period or at any time during the contractor's operations to a place where it causes no damage.
639.3.12 Pump and Well Platform
1.Construct the concrete platfo rm at the prepared well site as t he plans show. Mount the pump on the well casing according to plan details. 639.3.13 Wayside Well Shelter
1.Construct the wayside well shelter with the materials and as t he plans show.
639.3.14 Cleaning Up Operations
1.Upon completing well drilling operations and placing materials for the well, pump, and related facilities; clean the well by bailing to r emove cuttings from the drill hol e; clear the site of debris, excess materials and equipment; and perform any nec essary ground leveling work r equired to restore the site.
2.Disinfect the well as required by the Wisconsin well construct ion and pump installation code NR
812.41 639.3.15 Welding
1.Perform welding conforming to A WS D 1.1, Structural Welding Co de - Steel.
639.4 Measurement
639.4.1 Drilled Holes
1.The department will measure the Drill Hole in Earth and Drill Hole in Rock bid item s by the linear foot of vertical depth of hol e acceptably completed.
639.4.2 Well Casing Pipe
1.The department will measure the Well Casing Pipe bid items by the linear foot acceptably completed. The department will measure the ca sing pipe for the lower drill hole from the upper cutoff point to the bottom of the driving shoe. The department will not measure the outer temporary casing used to construct the upper drill hole for payment.
639.4.3 Well Screen
1.The department will measure Well Screen by the linear foot acc eptably completed, from the bottom of the driving shoe to the lower end of the screen.
639.4.4 Grout for Sealing Well Casing
1.The department will measure Grout for Sealing Well Casing by t he cubic foot acceptably completed. Effective with the December 2018 Letting 433 2019 Standard Spec ifications 639.4.5 Pump and Well Platform
1.The department will measure Pump and Well Platform as each ind ividual unit acceptably completed.
639.4.6 Wayside Well Shelter
1.The department will measure Waysid e Well Shelter as each individual shelter acceptably completed.
639.4.7 Test Pumping
1.The department will measure Tes t Pumping, performed at the eng ineer's direction, as each individual unit acceptably completed. The depth of the well, as the engine er determines, whether shallower or deeper, will not constitute basis for the contractor to claim additional compensation.
639.5 Payment
639.5.1 General
1.The department will pay for measured quantities at the contrac t unit price under the following bid items: ITEM NUMBER DESCRIPTION UNIT 639.0100 - 0199 Drill Hole in Earth (inch) LF 639.0500 - 0599 Drill Hole in Rock (inch) LF 639.1000 - 1099 Well Casing Pipe (inch) LF 639.1700 Well Screen LF 639.2100 Grout for Seal ing Well Casing CF 639.2500 Pump and Well Platform EACH 639.3000 Wayside Well Shelter EACH 639.4000 Test Pumping EACH
639.5.2 Drilled Holes
1.Payment for the Drill Hole in Earth and Drill Hole in Rock bid items is full compensation for providing materials required for drilling, i ncluding temporary casing pip e for upper drill hole; fo r providing water necessary for drilling holes; fo r drilling, blasting, alignment , and making alignment tests; for removing temporary casing; for procuring licenses and permits; for colle cting and delivering samples of drilling to the Wisconsin geological and nat ural history society; for colle cting and delivering water samples to the state laboratory of hygiene; for disposing of excavated materia l; and for record keeping and reporting.
2.If the contractor fails to const ruct the well to the depth spe cified, or the depth the engineer orders, or if the well is abandoned be cause of loss of tools, or from any oth er cause such as poor well alignment, and the engineer directs the c ontractor to drill in another loc ation the department will not make further payment until the new well progre sses to the point in construct ion beyond that which the previous well was abandoned, only then will the department pay as provided he re. The department will not make additional compensation for filling the abandoned hole with con crete, according to the requirements for abandoning wells and structures specified in 204.3.3 . The department will include costs of materials, labor, and equipment involved in blasting or shooting operation s in the price bid fo r other items, and will not pay for work done and ma terials used in the abandoned hole.
639.5.3 Well Casing Pipe
1.Payment for the Well Casing Pipe bid items is full compensatio n for providing materials, including pipe and driving shoes; for handling, hauling, welding, driving, pla cing, and cutting off casing; for disinfecting the well; and for disposing of surplus materials, including pumped water.
2.The department will pay for provid ing the liner pipe as extra work.
639.5.4 Well Screen
1.Payment for Well Screen is full compensation for providing mat erials; and for handling, hauling, and installing screen.
639.5.5 Grout for Sealing Well Casing
1.Payment for Grout for Sealing Well Casing is full compensation for providing materials; and for mixing and placing grout. 639.5.6 Pump and Well Platform
1.Payment for Pump and Well Platform is full compensation for pr oviding material s; for providing material for and grading mound at well site; for placing and fi nishing concrete; for installing pump, fittings, and fixtures; and for cleaning up the well site and d isposing of debris and surplus materials. Effective with the December 2018 Letting 434 2019 Standard Spec ifications 639.5.7 Wayside Well Shelter
1.Payment for Wayside Well Shelter is full compens ation for prov iding and erecting materials; for excavating and backfilling; and fo r cleaning up the site and re moving debris and surplus material.
639.5.8 Test Pumping
1.Payment for Test Pumping is fu ll compensation for performing the required testing.
2.The department will incl ude costs of obtaining, preserving, an d transmitting geologic, water samples, and records includi ng materials, labor, equipment, transportati on, and incidentals in the unit prices for bid items.
3.The cost of clean-up operations, including site restoration, is included in the unit pri ces for bid items.
4.The department will not pay for c ontract time while awaiting t est results on required water samples unless other contract operations are in progress in the same time. Effective with the December 2018 Letting 435 2019 Standard Spec ifications Section 641 Sign Bridges and Overhead Sign Supports
641.1 Description
1.This section describes providi ng zinc coated steel sign bridge s and overhead sign supports.
641.2 Materials
641.2.1 General
1., Furnish zinc coated steel sign structures.
641.2.2 Steel Bolts 641.2.2.1 High-Strength Bolts
1.Furnish zinc-coated type 1 bolt/nut/washer assemblies for fiel d tensioning conforming to 506.2.5 and as follows: - Use the size, number, type, and configuration of hardened fla t washers the DTI manufacturer recommends for bolt diameters great er than 1 1/8 inches. - Ensure that the supplier pre-assembles each bolt/nut/washer a ssembly before shipping. - Ensure that bolt/nut/washer assemblies are accompanied by a certified report of test o r analysis giving the results of the supplier's rotati onal-capacity testing. No field rotational-capacity testing is required. - Ensure that bolt/nut/washer assemblies are shipped in sealed and labeled containers. - Furnish 3 or more additional bolt/nut/washer assemblies of ea ch rotational-capacity lo t for pre-installation testing. - Submit 2 or more additional bo lts and 3 or more additional nu ts and washers from each lot and heat for department mechanical testing. T he contractor need not submit c omponents from a lot and heat the department previously approved.
641.2.2 2 Direct Tension Indicating Washers
1.Furnish zinc-coated direct tens ion indicating (DTI) washers co nforming to ASTM F959 type 325. Ensure that DTIs have identifyi ng marks applied by the manufacturer. Provide the engineer with 2 copies of the DTI manufacturer's instructions showing acceptable installation configurations. Provide 3 or more additional DTIs as required for pre-installation testin g. Also provide the engineer with at least two 0.005-inch metal feeler gauges.
641.2.2 3 Anchor Rods
1.Furnish anchor rods conforming to ASTM F1554 , grade 55 and Supplementary Specification S4, ASTM A563 heavy hex nuts, and ASTM F436 washers all hot-dip galvanized according to ASTM A153, class C, supplemented by ASTM F2329. Over-tap galvanized nuts according to ASTM F2329.
2.Use only nuts and anchor rods manufactured with sufficient clearance to allow the nuts to run freely on the rods after coating the thre ads and nuts with a wax-based lu bricant.
641.2.3 Grating
1.Provide walkway grating conforming to the plans.
641.2.4 Pipe
1.Provide pipe for handrail conforming to ASTM B241 alloy 6063-T6.
641.2.5 Steel Chain
1.Provide zinc coated carbon st eel chain of the size, type, and length the plans show and include accessories the plans show.
641.2.6 Certification
1.Submit a certified report of te st or analysis to the engineer for the castings, columns, truss members, pipes, anchor rods, high-strength bolts, nuts, and washers, and structural sections. The engineer must approve the material before the c ontractor may install in the w ork.
2.The engineer may retest materials delivered to the job site; f urnish the specimens for this testing at no expense to the department. 641.2.7 Aluminum Components
1.Furnish extruded aluminum for handrails conforming to ASTM B221, alloy 6061-T6. Furnish aluminum structural shapes for catwal k supports conforming to ASTM B308, alloy 6061-T6. Furnish plate and sheet aluminum conforming to ASTM B209, alloy 6061-T6. Ensure material is free from d iscoloration, nicks, and blemishes.
2.Furnish stainless steel U bol ts, bolts, nuts, and washers for connections to aluminum components conforming to 513.2.1 .
Referenced in this section
Sections that cite this one
Get an email when 639 changes
Wisconsin revises spec sections through supplementals and new editions. We check this one every week and email you the day it changes. Free, no account.
Source: Wisconsin Standard Specifications for Highway and Structure Construction, 2019 Edition. Pages 438–443 of 601. View official source ↗