490 ALASKA 2020 SECTION 712
712-2.01 WATER. Use water for mixing and curing concrete meeting ASTM C1602 including the
optional chemical limits. Water from ‘Community’ or ‘Non- Transient Non- Community’ sources regulated by the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation Division of Environmental Health Drinking Water Program, or equivalent in other states, do not require testing under ASTM C1602. For all other water sources, consider the water to be ‘combined’ as employed in ASTM C1602. Use water for irrigating trees, plants, and seeded areas that is free of elements harmful to plant growth.
712-2.02 Calcium Chl Oride. Aashto M 144.
712-2.03 LIMESTONE. Use limestone containing not less than 85 percent of calcium and
magnesium carbonates. Meet the standards of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. Meet the following gradation for agricultural ground limestone suitable for application by a fertilizer spreader: Use soluble or ground limestone in a hydraulic sprayer. Ground limestone must permit complete suspension of insoluble particles in water.
712-2.04 PRECAST CON CRETE CURBING. Portland cement concrete curb units conforming to
the lengths, shapes, an d other details of the Plans. Use steel reinforcement, where shown on the Plans, meeting Subsection 709- 2.01. Furnish a depressed or modified section of curb, when shown on the Plans, for driveways, crossing, closures, or for other reasons.
712-2.05 PRECAS T CONCRETE MANHOLE S ECTIONS. Meet AASHTO M 199, except that the
absorption test will not be required. Reject units with cracks and honeycombed or patched areas in excess of 30 square inches.
712-2.06 FRAMES, GRA TES, AND COVERS. Conform to the plan dimensions and to the
following materials requirements. Gray iron castings AASHTO M 306 and AASHTO M 105, Class 35B. Carbon- steel castings AASHTO M 103. Grade is optional. Structural steel ASTM A709 Galvanizing AASHTO M 111 Malleable iron castings ASTM A47. Gra de is optional. Manhole frames and cover bearing surfaces are machine finished and all covers interchangeable.
712-2.07 CORRUGATED METAL UNITS. Meet AASHTO M 36. When bituminous coating is
specified, meet AASHTO M 190, Type A.
712-2.08 GLASS BEADS . Submit certifications of compliance as specified in Section 106- 1.05
for each lot of glass beads used on the contract. Glass beads shall contain no more than 200 ppm of lead or 200 ppm of arsenic when tested in accordance with EPA testing methods 3062, 6010B, or 6010C . Glass Beads shall meet AASHTO M 247, Type 1, with a moisture resistant coating when tested in accordance with AASHTO T346. Sieve Percent Passing, by Weight, Min. No. 10 100 No. 20 90 No. 100 50 491 ALASKA 2020 712-2.09 CORPORATION STOPS AND CURB STOP S. Use threaded corporation stops meeting AWWA C800. Use tapped couplings and service saddles as detailed on the Plans and per the manufacturer's recommendations.
712-2.10 GATE VALVES . All valves must open counter -clockwise, and have ends corresponding
to the type of conduit being used. Valves Larger than 3- inch. Iron body, fully bronze mounted, double disc, parallel seat valves, as manufactured to meet AWWA Specifications C500. Valves 3- inch and Smaller . Meet ASTM B62. Solid bronze, wedge disc, non- rising stem, Class 125, with threaded ends.
712-2.11 VALVE SERVI CE BOXES. Furnish the speci fic style box, stem, and cover shown on
the Plans. Inscribe cover with “water” or “W”. Furnish service box of sufficient length to be adjusted an equal amount above and below the final ground surface. Dip boxes in coal tar pitch. Furnish special wrenches, keys, or other tools needed to operate valve and to open valve box lid. Furnish a minimum of one of each type for each style and size of box and lid. Boxes for Valves Larger than 3- inch. Cast iron, not less than 5- 1/4 inch shaft, with extension stem adjus table for elevation. Boxes for Valves, 3- inch and Smaller . Cast iron, not less than 4- 1/4 inch shaft, with screw type extension stem.
712-2.12 HYDRANTS. Meet AWWA Specifications C -502, “Dry -Barrel Fire Hydrants”. Equip
hydrants with 5- inch main valve open ings and 6- inch standard mechanical joint hub ends for connection to the auxiliary gate valve. Equip hydrants with an auxiliary gate valve and valve box as shown on the standard details. Use mechanical joints for all connections. Furnish the following types of hose connections, as indicated on the drawings and bid schedule: Single Pumper Hydrants . Two 2 -1/2 inch hose connections and one 4- 1/2 inch pumper connection. Double Pumper Hydrants . One 2- 1/2 inch hose connection and two 4- 1/2 inch pumper connections. Furnish hydrants in lengths indicated on the drawings. Furnish hydrants with working parts made of bronze or non- corrodible metal. Paint and coat to meet the cited AWWA Specifications.
712-2.13 Gabions.
Wire Mesh: Use 11 gage minimum wire, except that the selvedge may be heavier. Meet or exceed ASTM A641 medium hardness and tensile strength; Class 3 coating. Furnish at least one sample of each component of the mesh for testing. Use mesh with 4- inch openings in the longest dimension. Use wire mesh that is designed to be nonraveling. It must resist pulling apart at any of the connections forming the mesh when a single wire strand in a section of mesh is cut. Tie and Connecting Wire: Conform to the same specifications as wire used in the mesh except that it may be not more than 2 gauges smaller. Supply sufficient quantity for securing and fastening all edges of the gabion baskets and diaphragms, for fastening adjacent gabion baskets together, and to provide cross connecting wires in each gabion cell as specified below. 492 ALASKA 2020 Gabion Baskets . Supply baskets, as specified, in various lengths and heights. Make the lengths multiples (2, 3, or more) of the horizontal width. Furnish all gabion baskets in uniform width of not less than 24 inches or more than 48 inches. Fabricate the sides, ends, lid, and diaphragms for field assembly into a rectangular basket of the required size. Construct gabions as a unit. The base, ends and sides are either to be woven into a single unit or one edge of these members connected to the base so that strength and flexibility at the point of connection is at least equal to that of the mesh. Diaphragms . Where the length of the gabion exceeds its horizontal width, divide the gabion equally with diaphragms of the same mesh and gage as the gabi on basket and make compartments of a length approximately equal to horizontal width. Furnish the gabion with the necessary diaphragms secured in proper position on the base section so that no additional tying at this juncture is necessary. Securely selvedge or bind all perimeter edges so that the joints formed by tying the selvedges have approximately the same strength as the body of the mesh.
712-2.14 Preformed Pavement Marking Tape .
1.General Requirements :
a.Reflectorized plastic pavement markings and legends. Furnish a pliant polymer or homogenous preformed ribbon, 60 mils thick and of specified width, containing glass spheres uniformly distributed throughout the entire cross section. Furnish type that is designed to be inlayed on hot asphalt pavement or at tached to existing bituminous pavement with a precoated pressure adhesive or liquid contact cement as herein specified.
b.Use legends and symbols meeting the applicable shapes and sizes in the Alaska Traffic Manual and the Plans.
c.Ensure that the plastic marker will mold itself to pavement contours, breaks, faults, etc. at normal pavement temperatures and fuse with itself and with previously applied markings of the same composition under normal conditions of use.
2.Composition Requirements : Furnish marker wit h the following materials uniformly distributed throughout its cross -sectional area, and with a reflective layer of beads bonded to the top surface: Material (Composition by Weight, min.) Resins & Plasticizers 20% Pigments 30% Graded Glass Beads 25%
3.Physical Requirements :
a.Tensile Strength. Minimum tensile strength of 100 psi when tested according to ASTM D638.
b.Plastic Pull Test . A test specimen made by cutting two 1- inch by 3- inch pieces of the plastic and attaching a 1- inch by 1 -inch area at the end of each piece to the other, must support a dead weight of 4 pounds for not less than 5 minutes at a temperature between 70 °F and 80 °F. 493 ALASKA 2020 c. Pigmentation . Select and blend the pigments to provide a marking film which includes titanium dioxide for white markers and medium chrome yellow for yellow markers meeting standard highway colors through the expected life of the film.
d.Glass Beads . Colorless glass with a minimum index of refraction of 1.50 when tested using the liquid oil immersion method. Use beads of siz e and quality to meet the performance requirements for the plastic.
e.Skid Resistance. Meet a minimum skid resistance value of 40 BPN for the surface of the plastic using ASTM E303.
f.Reflectance. Meet the following initial minimum reflectance values for whi te and yellow films at 0.2° and 0.5° observation angles and 86.0° entrance angle using FSS FED -STD- 370. Use a test distance of 50 feet and a 2- foot x 2.5- foot rectangular sample. Express specific luminance (SL) as millicandelas per ft2 per foot candle.
1.Use an angular aperture of both the photoreceptor and light projector of 6 minutes of arc. Use the geometric center of the sample as the reference center and the reference axis perpendicular to the test sample. White Yellow Observation Angle 0.2° 0.5° 0.2° 0.5° Specific Luminance 550 380 410 250
g.Reflectivity Retention Tests . Meet the following test requirements:
1.Taber Abraser Simulation Test . Using a taber abraser with an H -18 wheel and a 125- gram load, inspect the sample at 50, 100 and 200 cycles, under a microscope, to observe the extent and type of bead failure. No more than 10 percent of the beads may be lost due to popout and the predominant mode of failure must be “wear down” of the beads.
2.Qualitative Test . Judge bead bond strengths under a microscope with a magnification of 5X. The beads when removed must show a portion of the polymer bead bond retained with the beads.
h.Certification. In lieu of running the tests required by this Subsection, provide a certification from the manufacturer stating the product conforms to these requirements.
i.Effective Performance Life. Provide a neat, durable marking that will not flow or distort due to temperature if the pavement surface remains stable. The plastic must be weather resistant and through normal traffic wear, show no appreciable fading, lifting or shrinkage and show no significant tearing, roll back, or other signs of poor adhesion.
4.Application . Use a vendor -furnished mechanical applicator for the installation of a 4- inch wide pressure sensitive adhesive coated material. Provide the mechanical applicator on location for the duration of the installation period. Ensure that a manufacturer's representative is present during the time of the installation to provide technical assistance.
712-2.15 RAISED AND RECESSED PAVEMENT MARK ERS. Use reflectors for both raised and
recessed pavement markers consisting of an acrylic plastic shell filled with tightly adherent potting compound. Use shells containing one or two glass -covered prismatic reflective faces as called for on the Plans to reflect incidental light from a single or opposite directions.
1.Shell. Molded Methyl Methacrylate meeting ASTM D788, Gr. 8. 494 ALASKA 2020 2. Overall Dimensions . 4 x 2 x 3/8 inches.
3.Reflective Surface. Each reflective surface must have a minimum area of 3- 1/4 in2 and be located on a 30- degree angle from a horizontal plane.
4.Optical Requirements . Meet the following minimum optical requirements of the reflective faces for an observation angle of 0.2 degrees, with the incident light parallel to the base of the reflector: Horizontal Entrance Angle Specific Intensity* White Yellow Red 0 degrees 3 1.8 0.75 20 degrees 1.2 0.72 0.30 *Candelas per footcandle of illumination at the reflector on a plane perpendicular to the incident light.
5.Adhesive. Install pavement markers with an epoxy adhesive recommended by the marker manufacturer and approved by the Engineer.
6.Color . Match the color of the raised pavement markers to the color of the marking for which they supplement, substitute, or serve as a positioning guide.
7.Filler . Use a potting compound filler selected for strength, resilience, and adhesion. Bond thin, smooth, untempered glass to the prismatic reflective faces to provide an extremely hard and durabl e abrasion resistant surface.
712-2.16 Temporary R Aised Pavement Marke Rs for Short -Term Op Erations,
SEAL COATS, AND SURF ACE TREATMENTS.
1.Marker . L-shaped polyurethane body with retroreflective tape on the top vertical section, with a self -adhesive base. Ref lectorize both faces of the yellow marker and one face of the white marker. Make the marker body of 60 mil minimum thickness polyurethane meeting Table
712-1 with vertical leg approximately 2 inches high by 4 inches wide and base approximately
1-1/4 inch w ide. TABLE 712 -1 REQUIREMENTS FOR TEM PORARY RAISED PAVEME NT MARKERS PROPERTY RESULT ASTM TEST METHOD Specific Gravity (min.) 1.19 D792 Hardness 80A D2240 Tensile Strength (psi, min.) 4600 D412 Ultimate Elongation (%, min.) 330 D412 Modulus @ 300% (psi , min.) 1000 D412 Stiffness @ -20 °F (psi, min.) @ 72 °F (psi, min.) 1700 900 D1053 D1053 Compression Set 22 hrs @ 160 °F max. % 65 D395 Taber Abrasion CS17 wheel wt loss mg/1000 cycles 3 ----
2.Reflective Tape. Metalized polycarbonate microprism retror eflective material with acrylic backing or equal, a minimum 1/4- inch wide by 4 inches long. Provide the minimum optical performance shown in Table 712- 2, for an observation angle of 0.2 degrees. 495 ALASKA 2020 TABLE 712 -2 OPTICAL PERFORMANCE FOR REFLECTIVE TAPE Horizonta l Specific Intensity * Entrance Angle White Yellow 0 degrees 3.5 3.0 30 degrees 2.7 1.7 *Candelas per footcandle of illumination at the reflector on a plane perpendicular to the incident light.
3.Protective Cover . Where chip seals, slurry seals or tack c oats are to be utilized after placement of the temporary raised pavement markers, furnish markers with a protective cover made of clear flexible polyvinyl chloride.
4.Adhesive. Pressure- sensitive material, a minimum of 1/8 inch thick and 3/4 inch wide, fact ory- applied to the marker base with release paper.
712-2.17 Methyl Meth Acrylate Pavement Ma Rkings.
1.Quality Requirements : Use a marking material formulated for spray application without reflective beads or anti -skid aggregate. Use glass beads and aggregate designed to be applied to freshly applied material to meet the specified retroreflectance and anti -skid properties.
2.Use a marking material manufactured from new materials and free from dirt and other foreign material. Use a methyl methacrylate- based resin system for Part "A". Use benzoyl peroxide liquid plasticizer for Part "B".
3.Submit a manufacturer certification for both the methyl methacrylate material and glass beads to ensure that the materials furnished conform to these Specifications.
4.Performance Properties :
a.No Track Time: Material must be track free after 15 minutes when applied at 40 mils (ASTM D711).
b.Hardness : Shore Durometer, A -1, 80 minimum after 24 hours.
c.Tensile Strength: At break, minimum 125 psi (ASTM D638).
d.Percent Elongation: Minimum 20% (A STM D638).
e.Water Absorption: Maximum 0.5% (ASTM D570).
f.Chemical Resistance: The material must show no effect after 7- day immersion in anti - freeze, motor oil, diesel fuel, gasoline, calcium chloride, sodium chloride or transmission fluid.
g.Ultra -violet Light : Ultra -violet light must have no effect.
h.Skid Resistance: Minimum 45 units, British pendulum (ASTM E303).
i.Reflectivity : 200 millicandelas, minimum initial
j.Viscosity : Spray Material: 5 - 12 Pa•s (ASTM D2196 Method B, LV Model, Spindle #4 at 60 RPM). 496 ALASKA 2020 5. Composition : The composition is at the discretion of the manufacturer, but must be essentially comprised of resins, reactive monomers, pigments, plasticizer, benzoyl peroxide, aggregate and glass beads. When mixed in the stated ratio, the material must cure to 99 percent minimum by weight and volume solids.
712-2.18 GLASS BEADS FOR METHYL METHACRY LATE PAVEMENT MARKIN GS. Meet the
following requirements: Beadgun Position► Front ▼ Rear ▼ Glass Type► 1.5 RI*, Sinker 1.5 RI*, Floater Coating► Adhesion (ACO2 ) Fluorocarbon Sieve Size ▼ Percent Passing by Weight ▼ Percent Passing by Weight ▼ No. 16 No. 20 90-100 No. 30 75-95 No. 40 10-35 No. 50 0-10 15-35 No. 80 0-5 No. 100 0-5 Drop Rate , lb/ft3► 65 40 * Refractive Index
712-2.19 LOW -VISCOSI TY RESIN. Meet AASHTO M 235, Type IV, Grade 1, with the following
revisions: Amend AASHTO M 235 Table 1 as follows: Replace "2.0[20]" with "0.105[1.05]" in the row labeled "Grade 1, max".
712-2.20 Concrete An Chors.
1.Anchor Bolts . Use hot -dip galvanized anchor bolts meeting ASTM F1554, Grade 36, unless noted otherwise.
2.Coil Anchor Inserts . Use 1 -inch diameter galvanized inserts with a minimum safe working load of 7,500 pounds. Hot -dip galvanize anchors according to A ASHTO M 111 or AASHTO M 232.
3.Threaded Anchor Inserts . Use 1- inch diameter galvanized ferrule inserts with a minimum safe working load of 6,500 pounds. Hot -dip galvanize anchors according to AASHTO M 111 or AASHTO M 232.
712-2.21 EPOXY FOR B ONDING DOWELS. Use an epoxy cartridge system appropriate for the
service temperature and ambient concrete temperature at the time of installation. Use epoxy cartridge systems that meet the requirements of the “Acceptance Criteria for Adhesive Anchors in Masonry Elements, ” AC58, by the International Code Council Evaluation Service (ICC-ES) including the suitability requirements for creep, in- service temperature, dampness, freezing and thawing, and seismic tests. 497 ALASKA 2020 712-2.22 CONTROLLED LOW -STRENGTH MATERIA L. Provide controlled low -strength material (CLSM) that is a self -compacting, cementitious, flowable material requiring no subsequent vibration or tamping to achieve consolidation and meeting the following:
1.Cementitious Materials . Meet Section 701.
2.Water . Meet Subsection 712- 2.01
3.Chemical Admixtures . Meet Subsection 711- 2.02
4.Aggregate. Crushed stone or naturally occurring gravel, containing no deleterious matter, and with 100 percent of the aggregate passing a 3- inch sieve.
5.Strength. 100 psi minimum to 300 psi maximum 28- day c ompressive strength as determined by ASTM D4832. 498 ALASKA 2020 SECTION 713 STRUCTURAL TIMBER, L UMBER, AND PILING
713-2.01 MATERIAL RE QUIREMENTS. Meet AASHTO M 168. Use the grade and species
shown on the Plans, or if not shown on the Plans, use Douglas Fir No. 1 or equal for timber, lumber and piling.
Source: Alaska Standard Specifications for Highway Construction, 2020 Edition. Pages 518–525 of 584.