712.01 712-1 SECTION 712 MISCELLANEOUS
712.01 Water . Water used in mixing or curing concrete shall be reasonably clean and free of
oil, salt, acid, alkali, sugar, vegetation, or other substance injurious to the finished product. Concrete mixing water shall meet the requirements of ASTM C1602. The Contractor shall perform and submit tests to the Engineer at the frequencies listed in ASTM C1602. Potable water may be used without testing. Where the source of water is relatively shallow, the intake shall be so enclosed as to exclude silt, mud, grass, and other foreign materials.
712.02 Calcium Chloride. Calcium chloride shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M
144.
712.03 Hydrated Lime . The hydrated lime for hot mix asphalt (HMA) shall conform to the
requirements of AASHTO M 303, Type I. In addition, the particle size requirements shall conform to AASHTO M 303 when tested per CP-L 4209 Physical Testing of Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and Limestone.
712.04 (unused)
712.05 Precast Concrete Units. Precast concrete manhole base sections, riser sections, and
grade rings shall conform to AASHTO M 199. All other precast units shall be cast in substantial forms. Structural concrete used shall attain a minimum 28 -day compressive strength of 3000 psi as determined per AASHTO T 22. When air -entrained concrete is specified, it shall have an air content of 5 to 8 percent by volume. The precast units shall be cured per AASHTO M 170. Additional reinforcement shall be provided as necessary to provide for handling of the precast units. A sufficient number of cylinders shall be cast, and field cured from each batch, or truck -mixer load, of concrete to permit compression tests at 7, 14, and 28 days, and to allow for at least two cylinders for each test. When the strength requirement is met, the units will be certified for use. Cracks in units, honeycombed or patched areas in excess of 30 square inches, excessive water absorption, or failure to meet strength requirements will be cause for rejection.
712.06 Frames, Grates, Covers, and Steps. Metal units shall conform to the plan dimensions
and to the following specification requirements for the designated materials. Gray iron castings shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 306 and AASHTO M 105, Class 35B. Carbon -steel castings shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 103, grade 415 -205, Class 2. Ductile iron castings shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A536. Grade shall be optional unless otherwise designated. Structural steel shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 270. Malleable iron castings shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A47. Grade shall be optional unless otherwise designated. Steps shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 199. Galvanizing, where specified for these units shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 111. 712.07 712- 2
712.07 Geosynthetics. Geosynthetic rolls shall be furnished with suitable wrapping to
protect against moisture and extended ultraviolet exposure before placement. Each roll shall be labeled to provide product identification sufficient for inventory and process control purposes. Rolls shall be stored in a manner that protects them from the elements. If stored outdoors, they shall be elevated and protected with a waterproof cover. The Contractor shall submit a certified test report from the manufacturer per subsection 106.13 including all data necessary to verify compliance with this specification. Securing pins shall be made from galvanized steel wire or other approved wire material, 0.091 inch or larger in diameter. They shall be U -shaped, with legs 6 inches long and a 1 -inch crown. Physical requirements of geosynthetics shall meet or exceed what is shown in Table 712 -1. Unless otherwise stated, all property values represent minimum average roll values (MARV) in the weakest principal direction. Stated values are for non -critical, non -severe conditions. Lots shall be sam pled per ASTM D 4354.
a.Geomembrane. Geomembrane shall be manufactured for stopping seepage loss. The lining shall consist of virgin polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resins, plasticizers, stabilizers, and other necessary materials that, when compounded, shall meet or exceed the physical requirements for the thickness specified in Table 712 -1. Individual widths of PVC materials shall be fabricated into large sections by dielectric sealing into a single piece, or into a minimum number of panels, up to 100 feet wide, as required to fit the facility. Lap joints with a minimum joint width of 1/2 inch shall be used. After fabrication, the lining shall be accordion folded in both directions and packaged for minimum handling in the field. Shipping boxes shall be substantial enough to prevent damage to contents. 712.08 712-3 Table 712 -1 PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR GEOMEMBRANE Property 0.25 mm (10 mil) Thickness 0.51 mm (20 mil) Thickness 0.76 mm (30 mil) Thickness Test Method Thickness, % Tolerance ±7 ±5 ±5 ASTM D1593 Tensile Strength, kN/m (lb/in) width 3.50 (20) 8.75 (50) 12.25 (70) ASTM D882, Method B Modulus @ 100% Elongation, kN/m (lb/in) 1.58 (9) 3.50 (20) 5.25 (30) ASTM D882, Method B Ultimate Elongation, % 350 350 350 ASTM D882, Method A Tear Resistance: N (lb) 18 (3.2) 29 (6.5) 38 (8.5) ASTM D1004 Low Temperature Impact, °C (°F) -23 (-13) -26 (-15) -29 (-20) ASTM D1790 Volatile loss, % max. 1.5 0.9 0.7 ASTM D1203, Method A Pinholes, No. /8 m2 (No. Per 10 sq yd) max. 1 1 1 Bonded Seam Strength, % of tensile strength 80 80 80
b.Reserved.
712.08 Geotextiles. Geotextile rolls shall be furnished with suitable wrapping to protect
against moisture and extended ultraviolet exposure before placement. Each roll shall be labeled to provide product identification sufficient for inventory and process control purposes. Rolls shall be stored in a manner that protects them from the elements. If stored outdoors, they shall be elevated and protected with a waterproof cover. The Contractor shall submit a certified test report from the manufacturer per subsection 106.13 including all data necessary to verify compliance with this specification. Securing pins shall be made from galvanized steel wire or other approved wire material, 0.091 inch or larger in diameter. They shall be U -shaped, with legs 6 inches long and a 1- inch crown. Physical requirements for all geotextiles shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M -288. Materials shall be selected from the New York Department of Transportation’s Approved Products List of Geosynthetic materials tha t meet the National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP) and AASHTO M -288 testing requirements. 712.08 712- 4 Table 712 -2 TYPICAL VALUES OF PERMEABILITY COEFFICIENTS * Turbulent Flow D max Particle Size Range Millimeters (inches) D min Particle Size Range Millimeters (inches) D 20 mm (inches) Effective Size Permeability Coefficient k cm/s Turbulent Flow Derrick STONE 3000 (120) 900 (36) 1200 (48) 100 One-man STONE 300 (12) 100 (4) 150 (6) 30 Clean, fine to coarse GRAVEL 80 (3) 10 (1/4) 13 (1/2) 10 Fine, uniform GRAVEL 8 (3/8) 1.5 (1/16) 3 (1/8) 5 Very coarse, clean, uniform SAND 3 (1/8) 0.8 (1/32) 1.5 (1/16) 3 Laminar Flow D max Particle Size Range Millimeter s (inches) D min Particle Size Range Millimeter s (inches) D 20 mm (inches) Effective Size Permeability Coefficient k cm/s Turbulent Flow Uniform, coarse SAND 2 (1/8) 0.5 (1/64) 0.6 0.4 Uniform, medium SAND 0.5 0.25 0.3 0.1 Clean, well -graded SAND and GRAVEL 10 0.05 0.1 0.01 Uniform, fine SAND 0.25 0.05 0.06 40 x 10-4 Well-graded, silty SAND and GRAVEL 5 0.01 0.02 4 x 10-4 Silty SAND 2 0.005 0.01 1.0 x 10-4 Uniform SILT 0.05 0.005 0.006 0.5 x 10-4 Sandy CLAY 1.0 0.001 0.002 0.05 x 10-4 Silty CLAY 0.05 0.001 0.0015 0.01 x 10-4 CLAY (30% to 50% clay sizes) 0.05 0.0005 0.0008 0.001 x 10-4 Colloidal CLAY ( -2 μm 50%) 0.01 10 40 10-9 Table 712 -2 Notes: * Basic Soils Engineering, R.K. Hough, 2nd Edition, Ronald Pess Co.; 1969, Page 76. Note: Since the permeability coefficient of the soil will be unknown in most non- critical, non -severe applications for erosion control and drainage, the soil -permeability coefficients listed in Table 712- 2 may be used as a guide for comparing the permeability co efficient of the fabric with that of the in-place soil. 712.09 712-5 712.09 Gabions and Slope Mattresses. All wire used in the manufacture and assembly of the mesh shall conform to Federal Specification QQ -W-461H, finish 5, class 3. Wire mesh for gabions (cage thickness 12 inches and greater) shall be 11 gauge (U.S.), soft temper. Wire mesh for slope mattress (cage thickness up to 10 inches) shall be 14 gauge (U.S.), soft temper. Samples for testing shall include at least one sample of each component of the mesh. Tie and connecting wire shall be supplied for securely fastening all edges of the gabions and diaphragms. Gabions shall be provided with four cross connecting wires in each cell 1/2 unit high and eight in each cell one unit high. Gabions shall also have inner tie wires connecting the front face to the rear face at approximate spacing of 12 inches in both vertical and horizontal dimensions. Tie wire shall meet the same specifications f or wire used in the mesh except that tie wire for gabion cages shall not b e more than two gauge s lighter. All wire used, including tie and connecting wire, shall be certified by mill test reports showing compliance with specification requirements.
a.Mesh Opening . The longer dimension of the mesh openings for gabions and slope mattresses shall be as shown on the plans.
b.Wire Mesh. Wire mesh shall be woven in such a manner as to be non -raveling and have elasticity. Tests for compliance with these and the following properties shall be performed by the Contractor . A certified test report, showing these required results and information shall be supplied with each project. Tests are to be run on cages of the same specification, made within a year before the date of letting.
c.Non-raveling . The mesh for both gabions and slope mattresses shall show no raveling beyond the mesh opening where the break occurred when the loading is continued after the first break in the test conducted with the pull parallel to the axis of the wire twist.
d.Elasticity . For gabions, when pulled parallel to the axis of the wire twist and deformation is controlled by spreader bars, no wire shall break until the mesh has been stretched at least 4.5 percent. The pull test shall be performed both parallel and perpendicular to the axis of the wire twist and in either case, the first wire break shall not occur until the loading on the table below has been reached.
e.Edge Wire Connection . The edge wire connection for both gabions and slope mattresses shall be strong enough so that when tested the first wire break shall occur in the wire mesh.
f.Selvedge. The selvedge on each sheet of mesh for both gabions and slope mattresses shall be galvanized steel wire (as described above) two gauge s heavier than that used in the body of the mesh. For gabions, it shall be attached to the wire mesh strong enough so that when tested, no wire shall break until the loading on the table below has been reached. For slope mattresses, the first wire break sh all be in the wire mesh.
g.Field Connections . The field connections between adjacent wire baskets shall be made as recommended by the manufacturer and shall develop a connection strong enough that the failure under test shall occur in the mesh rather than in the lacing. 712.10 712- 6 Table 712 -3 MINIMUM STRENGTH TESTS FOR GABION BASKETS ONLY Part Minimum Strength (pounds per foot) Wire Mesh Pulled parallel to wire twist 3400 Pulled perpendicular to wire twist 1000 Connection of Selvedge wire to mesh 2200
h.Dimensions . Gabions and slope mattresses shall be supplied in the various sizes shown on the plans. Cages and mattresses furnished by a manufacturer shall be of uniform size.
i.Tolerances . All gabion and slope mattress dimensions are subject to a tolerance limit of 3 percent of manufacturer’s stated sizes.
j.Riprap . Riprap shall consist of hard, dense, sound, rough fractured stone or local sandstone, as nearly cubical as practicable. Thin slab type stones and flaking rock shall not be used. Stone shall have a specific gravity of at least 2.25 and shall be resistant to the action of air and water. Flaking or fragmental rock will not be permitted. The sizes of riprap stone for gabions and slope mattresses shall conform to the following: Stone Size Gabions (cage thickness 12 inch or greater) 4 to 8 inch Slope Mattress 3 to 6 inch
k.Soil Anchor Stakes for Wire Mesh Slope Mattresses . Soil anchor stakes shall be steel and may be:
1.Crane rails of a con venient size, minimum 40 pounds per yard.
2.Size 2-inch steel pipe conforming to ASTM A 53 either black or galvanized.
3.Size 3-inch x 3-inch x 3/8-inch structural st eel angles conforming to ASTM A 709 Grade 36 or better.
4.Used rails, pipe or angles may be used provided the material is not rusted or damaged to such an extent that the strength of the stakes is affected. Soil anchor stakes shall be of the lengths called for on the plans.
712.10 Epoxy . Epoxy used for bonding new, or wet concrete , to old concrete shall be an
approved product and shall be of the type specifically intended for bonding wet concrete to existing concrete. Each container o f epoxy shall conform to ASTM C 881.
712.11 Plastic Pipe for Underdrains . Polyethylene perforated or nonperforated corrugated
pipe shall conform to AASHTO M 252. Perforated or nonperforated Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe -Smooth Interior, Smooth or Ribbed Exterior, shall conform to AASHTO M 304. 712.12 712-7 712.12 Geocomposite Drains. Geocomposite drains, underdrains, and edge drains for subsurface drainage shall be constructed of a drainage geotextile and a semi- rigid drainage core. A drainage pipe collector may also be included in the drain system. Drainage geotextile shall be a minimum Class 3, conforming to AASHTO M 288. The drainage pipe collector, when used, shall conform to the requirements designated in subsection 605.02 for the type of pipe used. The semi- rigid drainage core shall be constructed of material that will not deteriorate in subsurface conditions and shall conform to the physical requirements of Table 712 -4. Table 712 -4 PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DRAINAGE CORE Property Value Test Method Compressive Strength, kPa (lb/sq in) 140
20.ASTM D 1621 In-Plane Flow Capacity L/s/m (gal/min/ft), minimum 2.12
10.ASTM D 4716 Minimum Core Thickness, mm (inch) 6 (0.25)
712.13 Plastic Pipe . Plastic pipe shall conform to the following requirements for the type of
pipe used:
a.Polyethylene (PE) Pipe. Polyethylene (PE) pipe shall conform to the following requirements for the type of culvert pipe used:
1.AASHTO M 252 (Corrugated Pipe) for nominal pipe sizes of 3 to 10 inches (75 to 250 mm) with the following additions or exceptions:
A.Type S, and Type SP are acceptable. (Type C, Type CP and Type D will not be accepted.)
B.Rotational Molded Pipe will not be accepted.
2.AASHTO M 294 (Corrugated Pipe) for nominal pipe sizes of 12 to 60 inches (300 to 1,500 mm) with the following additions or exceptions:
A.Type S, and Type SP are acceptable. (Type C, Type CP and Type D will not be accepted.)
B.Rotational Molded Pipe will not be accepted.
3.ASTM F 894 (Ribbed, Profile) with the following additions or exceptions:
A.AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications , SECTION 12, 50- year life requirements.
B.Minimum Cell Class per ASTM D 3350 of 334433C or 335434C.
C.Minimum section properties as noted in SECTION 12.
4.ASTM F 714 (Smooth Wall) with the following additions or exceptions:
A.A DR of 21 or less will be required.
B.AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specification, SECTION 12, 50 -year life requirements.
C.Minimum Cell Class per ASTM D 3350 of 335434C. 712.13 712- 8 The Contractor shall provide a polyethylene (PE) pipe product that is prequalified under the AASHTO National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP). Only products from suppliers whose manufacturing plant and PE pipe products comply with this specification sh all be placed by the Contractor. The current list of plants and PE pipe products that meet these requirements is located at: www.ntpep.org . The Contractor shall use plants listed as compliant and a size listed in the NTPEP reports on PE Thermoplastic Pipe. Every Certificate of Compliance (COC) on each diameter PE pipe product delivered to the project shall include a statement that the prod uct has been manufactured at a NTPEP inspected plant, has been tested by NTPEP , has a NTPEP product number , and is currently on the NTPEP website. The COC shall confirm that the supplied pipe meets the applicable specification limits in subsection 712.13. Manufacturers shall remain acceptable to CDOT as long as the results of verification samples and performance in the field are satisfactory. Any changes in the PE pipe formulation will require re- submittal for prequalification testing by N T P E P.
b.Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe
1.AASHTO M 304 (Profile) for nominal pipe sizes of 4 to 36 inches.
2.ASTM F794 (Profile) for nominal pipe sizes 4 to 36 inches with 46 psi minimum pipe stiffness.
3.ASTM F949 (Profile) for nominal pipe sizes 4 to 36 inches with 46 psi minimum pipe stiffness.
c.Polypropylene (PP) Pipe. AASHTO M 330 for nominal pipe sizes of 12 to 60 inches with the following exceptions: Type S and Type SP are acceptable; Type C, Type CP and Type D will not be accepted. The Contractor shall provide a polypropylene (PP ) pipe product that is prequalified under the AASHTO National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP). Only products from suppliers whose manufacturing plant and PP pipe products comply with this specification shall be placed by the Contractor. The current list of plants and PP pipe products that meet these requirements is located at: www.ntpep.org. The Contractor shall use plants listed as compliant and a size listed in the NTPEP reports on PP Thermoplastic Pipe. Every Certificate of Compliance (COC) on each diameter PP pipe product delivered to the project shall include a statem ent that the product has been manufactured at a NTPEP inspected plant, has been tested by NTPEP , has a NTPEP product number, and is currently on the NTPEP website. The COC shall confirm that the supplied pipe meets the applicable specification limits in su bsection 712.13. Manufacturers shall remain acceptable to CDOT as long as the results of verification samples and performance in the field are satisfactory. Any changes in the PP pipe formulation will require re- submittal for prequalification testing by NT P E P.
d.Steel Reinforced Polyethylene (SRPE ). SRPE pipe shall be AASHTO MP 20 ribbed pipe for nominal pipe sizes 12 to 60 inches with the following exceptions : Nominal pipe sizes 30 to 60 inches are acceptable; nominal pipe sizes 12 to 27 inches will not be accepted. 713.01 713-1 SECTION 713 TRAFFIC CONTROL MATERIALS
713.01 Signs – General. Aluminum or steel used for traffic control shall conform to Table 713 -
1. Table 713 -1 REQUIREMENTS FOR ALUMINUM OR STEEL USED IN TRAFFIC CONTROL Application Aluminum ASTM Designation Aluminum Alloy No. Temper Steel ASTM Designation Sign panels B209 B449* B921* 6061-T6 5052- H36 5052-H38 A653# Traffic controller cabinets B209 6061- T6 A709 Grade 36 Clip bolts B211 2024-T4 Locknuts or steel nuts and bolts B211 2014-T4 A307 Clips and backing angles B221 6061- T6 Table 713 -1 Notes: *In lieu of ASTM treatment, aluminum sign blanks shall receive a Class 2 anodized coating before the placement of retroreflective sheeting. # Steel sheets shall have a Z600 zinc coating per ASTM A653 and a light phosphate coating. Phosphate coating of 3.5 oz./sq. ft. will be required for application with reflective sheeting. Nuts and bolts shall be galvanized, or cadmium plated.
713.02 Aluminum Sign Panel Tolerances. Aluminum sign panel sheet dimensional tolerances
shall conform to the applicable requirements of the American National Standards Institute Dimensional Tolerances for Aluminum Products, ANSI -H35.2(M), with the following exceptions: The flatness tolerances shall be one -half the values listed in Table 3.12 and shall apply to all aluminum alloy grades permitted for sign panels. Sign blanks are to be tensile leveled for sheet thickness less than 0.09 inch, and stretcher leveled for thickness equal to or greater than 0.09 inch. The individual sign blank bow tolerance (deviation of a side edge from a straight line) shall not exceed 1/3 inch, and the dimensions of the opposing sides shall be within 1/16 inch. Aluminum sign panel shall be subject to the requirements of the first paragraph of subsection 713.09.
713.03 (unused)
Source: Colorado Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2023 Edition. Pages 875–882 of 943.