515.02 Materials.
WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING
515.01 Description.
a.General . This Section shall cover the work of furnishing and applying a waterproofing or dampproofing surface to concrete in accordance w ith the methods prescribed for the several classes of waterproofing or dampproofing described below, each to be applied where called for on the plans and in conformity with the requirements of these Specifications.
b.Methods . The following four classes of waterproofing and one of dampproofing are covered by these Specifications:
1.Class A Waterproofing . Prime coat, mop coat of hot asphalt, and 2 alternate layers of fabric and moppings of hot asphalt.
2.Class B Waterproofing . Prime coat, mop coat of hot asphalt, and 2 alternate layers of fabric and moppings of hot asphalt with a mortar protection course.
3.Class C Waterproofing. Prime coat, mop coat of hot asphalt, and 2 alternate layers of fabric and moppings of hot asphalt with an asphalt plank protection course.
4.Class D Waterproofing . Manufactured waterproofing products.
5.Dampproofing . Prime coat and 2 mop coats of hot asphalt.
515.02 Materials.
a.General . All materials shall conform to the provisions of Division 800 , Materials. Specific reference is made to the following: Section 802, Fine Aggregates. Section 805, Mineral Filler. Section 815, Cement.
b.Primer . Primer used with asphalt mop coats shall meet the requirements of ASTM D 41.
c.Mop Coat . Asphalt for mop coat shall meet the requirements of ASTM D 449, Type I, II, or III as designated by plan details; however, unless otherwise designated, Type II shall be used.
d.Water Proofing Fabrics . Waterproofing fabric shall be woven cotton fabric meeting requiremen ts of ASTM D 173.
e.Asphalt Plank . Asphalt plank shall be in accordance with requirements of ASTM D 517.
f.Class D Waterproofing Materials . All Class D Waterproofing materials furnished by the Contractor for use shall be listed on List II - 10, WATERPROOFING MATERIALS, of the Department's "Materials, Sources, and Devices With Special Acceptance Requirements" Manual. Refer to Subarticle 106.01(f) and ALDOT- 355 concerning this list.
515.03 Construction Requirements.
Class D waterproofing materials shall meet the requirements given in the following table. REQUIRED PHYSICAL PROPERTIES FOR CLASS D WATERPROOFING MATERIALS Property REQUIREMENTS TEST METHOD Thickness 0.065 of an inch minimum {1.5 mm minimum} -- Permeance - PermsGrains/sq.ft./hr.,in.hg {57.2 ng/s•m2•Pa} 0.10 maximum {5.72 maximum} ASTM E 96, Water Method at 73.4 ºF {23 ºC} Tensile Strength 50 pounds/inch minimum {9 N/mm minimum} ASTM D 882 Puncture Resistance (fabric) 200 lb. minimum {896 N minimum} ASTM E 154 Pliability – 1/4" {6mm} Mandrel, 180º bend at -15 ºF { -26 ºC} No cracks in fabric or rubberized asphalt ASTM D 146
g.Mortar for Protection Course . Mortar for protection course shall be in accordance with requirements of Section 611.
515.03 Construction Requirements.
a.Class A Waterproofing .
1.Preparation of Surface. The surface to be waterproofed shall have cured for at least seven days and shall be reasonably smooth and free from projections or depressions which might cause puncture of the membrane. The surface shall be dry, so as to prevent the formation of steam when the hot asphalt is applied, and immediately before the application of the waterproofing, the surface shall be thoroughly cleaned of dust and loose material. No waterproofing shall be done in wet weather nor when the temperature is below 60 ºF {15 ºC}, without special authorization from the Engineer.
2.Application . The surface to be waterproofed shall be given a complete coat of primer which shall be permitted to set before the first mop coat is applied. Asphalt shall be heated to a temperature between 300 ºF {150 ºC} and 350 ºF {175 ºC} with frequent stirring to avoid local overheating. Heating kettles shall be equipped with thermometers and oil jackets. In all cases, the waterproofing shall begin at the low point of the surface to be waterproofed so that water will run over and not against or along the laps. The first strip of fabric shall be of half width; the second shall be full width, lapped the full width of the first sheet; and the third and each s ucceeding strip shall be full width and lapped so that there will be two layers of fabric at all points with laps not less than 2 inches {50 mm} wide. All end laps shall be at least 12 inches {300 mm}. Beginning at the low point of the surface to be waterp roofed, a section of about 20 inches {500 mm} wide and the full length of the surface shall be mopped with the hot asphalt and there shall be rolled into it, immediately following the mop, the first strip of fabric, of half width, which shall be carefully pressed into place so as to eliminate all air bubbles and obtain close conformity with the surface. This strip and an adjacent section of the surface of a width equal to slightly more than half the width of the fabric being used shall then be mopped with h ot asphalt and a full width of fabric shall be rolled into this, completely covering the first strip, and pressed into place as before. This second strip and an adjacent section of the concrete surface shall then be mopped with hot asphalt and the third st rip of fabric shingled on so as to lap the first strip not less than 2 inches {50 mm}. This process shall be continued until the entire surface is covered, each strip of fabric lapping at least 2 inches {50 mm} over the second preceding strip. The entire s urface shall then be given a final mopping of hot asphalt. The completed waterproofing shall be a firmly bonded membrane, composed of an asphalt prime coat, a mopping of asphalt, and two alternating layers of fabric and moppings of asphalt. Under no circum stances shall one layer of fabric touch another layer at any point or touch the surface of concrete, as there must be at least three complete moppings of asphalt.
515.03 Construction Requirements.
In all cases the mopping on concrete shall completely cover the surface and on cloth it shall be sufficiently heavy to completely conceal the weave. On horizontal surfaces not less than 12 gallons {5 L} of asphalt shall be used for each 100 square feet {each square meter} of finished work and on vertical surfaces not less than 15 gallons per 100 square feet {6 L/m²} shall be used. The work shall be so regulated that at the close of a day's work all cloth that is laid shall have received the final mopping of asphalt. Special care shall be taken at all laps to see that they are completely sealed down .
3.Details . At the edges of the membrane and at any points where it is punctured by such appurtenances as drains or pipes, suitable provisions shall be made to prevent water from getting between the waterproofing and the waterproofed surface. All flashin g at curbs and against girders, spandrel walls, et cetera, shall be done with separate sheets lapping the main membrane not less than 12 inches {300 mm}. Flashing shall be closely sealed either with a metal counter flashing or by embedding the upper edges of the flashing in a groove poured full of joint filler. Joints which are essentially open joints, but which are not designed to provide for expansion, shall be caulked with oakum and lead wool and then filled with an approved bituminous material before th e membrane is placed. Expansion joints, both horizontal and vertical, shall be provided with sheet copper in "U" or "V" form and premolded joint filler as called for on the plans. Expansion joints shall be sealed on the face adjacent to the membrane with a n approved bituminous material. The membrane shall be carried continuously across all expansion joints. At the ends of the structure the membrane shall be carried well down on the abutments and suitable provision made for all movement.
4.Damaged Membrane Patching . Care shall be taken to prevent injury to the finished membrane. Any damage which may occur shall be repaired by patching, utilizing original waterproofing methods as set forth above. Patches shall extend at least 12 inches {300 mm} beyond the out ermost damaged portion and the second ply shall extend at least 3 inches {75 mm} beyond the first.
5.Backfilling . No backfilling shall be done without the permission of the Engineer, and in no case, until the final mop coat has hardened. Backfill shall be placed in such a manner that the waterproofing will not be damaged. No stones, broken concrete, bricks, or other material likely to damage the Membrane Shall Be Placed Adjacent To Waterproofed Surfaces.
b.Class B Waterproofing . In addition to the requir ements for Class A Waterproofing noted in Subarticle (a) above, Class B Waterproofing shall require a mortar protection layer as follows: Mortar Protection Layer. Over the waterproofing membrane constructed as specified in Subarticle (a) above, there shall be constructed a protection layer which, unless otherwise specified or shown on the plans, shall be a 2 inch {50 mm} thickness of Portland cement mortar. This mortar layer shall be reinforced midway between its top and bottom surfaces with wire netting of 6 inch {150 mm} mesh and 12 gage {2.7 mm} wire or its approved equivalent. The top surface shall be troweled to a smooth, hard finish and, where required, true to grade. On undercut surfaces (the underside of surfaces making an angle of less than 90° with a horizontal plane) the membrane shall be protected with a layer of 3 -ply roofing felt laid in hot asphalt in lieu of the mortar covering. The asphalt used for this purpose shall be the same as that used in building up the membrane. The construction of the protection course shall follow the waterproofing so closely that the latter will not be exposed without protection for more than 24 hours. The protection course shall be cured in accordance with the requirements for curing concrete, Section 501. No backfilling shall be done until the protection course has been in place seven days.
c.Class C Waterproofing . In addition to the requirements for Class A Waterproofing noted in Subarticle (a) above, Class C Waterproofing shall require an asph alt plank protection layer as follows:
515.04 Method of Measurement.
Asphalt Plank Protection Layer. Over the waterproofing membrane constructed as specified in Subarticle (a) above, there shall be constructed a protection layer of plain asphalt plank 1.25 inches {32 mm} thick, Whole p lanks, in regular, straight courses, shall be used except as required to make closures and trim around openings and obstructions. Closing and trimming pieces shall be carefully cut to size. The entire surface of the membrane shall be covered with the plank . Before laying, all surplus talc or other powder shall be removed from the plank with a stiff brush or broom. Each plank shall be laid in a mopping of hot asphalt and the edge and end of planks in place shall be coated with hot asphalt before the next pla nk is placed. The asphalt used for this purpose shall be the same as that used in building up the membrane. Each individual plank shall be crowded tightly against the adjacent plank and the completed work shall have a uniform smooth surface without open cracks or spaces.
d.Class D Waterproofing . Waterproofing materials for Class D Waterproofing shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's requirements. No backfilling shall be done without the permission of the Engineer. Backfill shall be place d in such a manner that the waterproofing will not be damaged. No stones, broken concrete, bricks, or other material likely to damage the waterproofing material shall be placed adjacent to waterproofed surfaces.
e.Dampproofing .
1.Preparation of Surface . The provisions of Subarticle (a) above shall govern.
2.Application . Surfaces to be dampproofed shall be given one coat of hot primer before the first mop coat. The primer shall be well worked in to give a uniform coating. The priming coat shall be applied approximately 24 hours before applying the first mop coat. The primer shall be dry before this first mop coat is applied. After the primer is dry, the first mop coat of asphalt shall be applied hot over the entire surface to be dampproofed and well worked in. After the first mop coat is dry, a second mop coat shall be applied. The amount of material for each mop coat shall be not less than 4.5 gallons per hundred square feet {2 L/m²} of surface. Asphalt shall not be heated above a temperature of 350 ºF {1 75 ºC}. The material shall be stirred frequently while being heated. Kettles shall be equipped with armored thermometers and oil jackets. Backfilling shall be as provided by Subarticle (a) above.
515.04 Method of Measurement.
The quantity of Waterproofing and Dampproofing to be paid for under this Section shall be the actual number of square yards {square meters} of waterproofing of the various types as previously described and dampproofing, respectively, measured in place, completed and accepted.
515.05 B asis of Payment.
a.Unit Price Coverage . The quantity of Waterproofing and Dampproofing, measured as provided above, will be paid for at the contract unit price per square yard {square meter} for the particular type of waterproofing specified, which price and payment shall be full compensation for furnishing and placing all materials, including the protection course, and for all equipment, tools, and labor necessary for the satisfactory completion of the work.
b.Payment will be made under Item No .: 515-A Class Waterproofing - per square yard {square meter} 515-B Dampproofing - per square yard {square meter}
517.05 Basis of Payment.
SECTION 517 BRIDGE AND SIDEWALK HANDRAIL
517.01 Description.
This Section shall cover the work of fabricating, furnishing, and installing handrail on structures in accordance with details and at the location shown on the plans, all in conformity with the requirements noted herein or shown on the plans.
517.02 Materials.
Materials used in fabrication and installation shall conform to the applicable Section of the Specifications that the structure to which the railing is to be attached was constructed, the details shown on the plans, and the following: Galvanized Steel Pipe Handrail. Galvanized steel pipe shall meet the requirements of ASTM A 53, Grade B; this grade of pipe to include rail elements and post. Steel shapes, plates, and accessories shall be structural or alloy st eel galvanized in accordance with AASHTO M 111. Bolts, nuts, washers, and other fasteners shall be galvanized in accordance with AASHTO M 232, Class C, with nuts tapped after galvanization in accordance with ASTM A 563 {A 563M}. Galvanized Steel Handrail. Galvanized steel shall be structural or alloy steel, hot dipped galvanized after fabrication in accordance with AASHTO M 111. Bolts, nuts, washers, and other fasteners shall be galvanized in accordance with AASHTO M 232, Class C, with nuts tapped after gal vanization in accordance with ASTM A 563 {A 563M}. Beam Type Handrail. Beam type handrail shall meet the requirements for beam guardrail as provided in Sections 630 and 864. Ornamental Handrail shall meet the requirements shown on the plans. Aluminum or Ga lvanized Steel Sidewalk Handrail. Material for use in aluminum or galvanized steel sidewalk handrail shall meet the requirements specified on the plans. Concrete Handrail. Concrete handrail shall be cast -in-place type conforming to the appropriate requirem ents of Section 501 and the details shown on the plans. Posts for Beam Type Handrail. Steel posts shall meet the requirements of Sections 836 and 864. Timber posts shall be treated in accordance with Section 833.
517.03 Construction Requirements.
Rail shal l be erected in accordance with the best construction practices and in conformity with lines, elevations, and other details indicated on the plans. The plans will show construction details and will specify the type or alternate types of handrail to be used . Where the Contractor is permitted to choose the type rail he wishes to use, he shall indicate in the proposal his choice. One type, once selected, shall be used throughout the project.
517.04 Method of Measurement.
The accepted bridge and sidewalk handra il will be measured in linear feet {meters}, to the nearest 0.1 of a foot {0.1 m}, along the axis of the top rail between extreme limits of the handrail without deductions for laps, posts, or joints. All stair railing, posts, and appurtenances for one stai r tower, including pipe railing on the superstructure but not a part of the bridge or sidewalk handrail, installed and accepted complete in place will be measured as one set of stair railing. No measurement or separate payment will be made for post or misc ellaneous hardware required for installation of handrail and stair railing, such being considered incidental to the installation of the rail.
517.05 Basis of Payment.
a.Unit Price Coverage . The number of linear feet {meters} of bridge and/or sidewalk handrail and the number of sets of stair tower handrail, measured as provided above, will be paid for at the contract unit prices of the appropriate pay items complete in place, which shall be payment in full for all materials including rail eleme nts, posts, hardware, and paint; for forms; for constructing, bracing, and erecting; and for all equipment, tools, labor and incidentals necessary to complete the items in accordance with plans and specifications.
Source: Alabama Standard Specifications for Highway Construction, 2022 Edition. Pages 384–387 of 934.