932NONMETALLIC ACCESSORY MATERIALS FOR CONCRETE PAVEMENT AND CONCRETE STRUCTURES

932-1Joint Materials

932-1.1Preformed Joint Filler for Pavement and Structures: Preformed joint filler

shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M 153, ASTM D8139, AASHTO M 213, or cellulose fiber types meeting all the requirements of AASHTO M 213 (except for the asphalt content) is acceptable provided they contain minimums of 0.2% zinc borate as a preservative and 1.5% waterproofing wax. For AASHTO M 153, unless a particular type is specified, either Type I, Type II or Type III may be used. Preformed joint fillers shall have a thickness equal to the width of the joint required, and sha ll be furnished in lengths equal to the widths of the slabs in which they are to be installed, except strips which are of a length not less than the distance between longitudinal joints, or between longitudinal joint and edge, may be used if laced or clipped together in a manner approved by the Engineer. The depth and shape of the joint filler shall conform to the dimensions shown in the Plans. For doweled joints, proper provision shall be made for the installation of the dowels. 932-1.1.1 Certification: The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer a certification confirming that the preformed joint filler meets the requirements of this Section. The certification shall conform to the requirements of Section 6.

932-1.2Joint Sealer for Pavement and Structures:

932-1.2.1 General: This Specification covers joint sealer intended for use in sealing joints in asphaltic concrete pavement and portland cement concrete pavement. These materials may also be used to seal joints in portland cement concrete bridges and other structures. 932-1.2.2 Material: The joint sealant shall be composed of a mixture of materials, typically but not limited to bituminous based, that will melt when heated for application and then solidify to form a resilient and adhesive compound ca pable of sealing joints in portland cement concrete and asphaltic concrete against the infiltration of moisture and foreign materials throughout normal pavement conditions and at ambient temperatures. The manufacturer shall have the option of formulating t he material according to their Specifications. However, the requirements delineated in this Specification shall apply regardless of the type of formulation used. The material shall cure sufficiently to not flow from the joint or be picked up by vehicle tires after 3 hours at 77°F. The material shall be capable of a uniform application consistency suitable for filling joints without the inclusion of large air holes or discontinuities and without damage to the material. Materials for pavement joints shal l be tested according to ASTM D5329. 932-1.2.2.1 Physical Requirements of Joint Sealants for Portland Cement Concrete Only:

1033 FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents Table 932-1 Parameter Limits Pour Point At least 20°F lower than the safe heating temperature as stated by the manufacturer. Cone-Penetration, Non - immersed at 77°F, 150 g, 5 s Less than or equal to 90 mm Flow at 140°F, 5 h Less than or equal to 5.0 mm Bond, Non -immersed, 0°F for 5 cycles* No cracking, separation, or opening that at any point is over 1/4 inch deep, in the sealant or between the sealant and the substrate. *The depth of a crack, separation or opening shall be measured perpendicular to the side of the sealant showing the defect. A t least two test samples in a group of three representing a given sample of sealant shall meet this requirement.

932-1.2.2.2 Physical Requirements of Joint Sealants for Portland Cement Concrete and /or Asphaltic Concrete:

Table 932-2 Parameters Limits Pour Point At least 20° lower than the safe heating temperature as stated by the manufacturer. Cone-Penetration, Non - immersed at 77°F, 150 g, 5 s Less than or equal to 90 mm Flow at 140°F, 5 h Less than or equal to 3.0 mm Bond, Non -immersed, -20°F for 3 cycles, 50% extension* No cracking, separation, or opening that at any point is over 1/4 inch deep, in the sealant or between the sealant and the substrate. Resilience at 77°F Recovery greater than or equal to 60% Asphaltic Concrete Compatibility at 140°F No failure in adhesion, formation of an oily exudates at the interface between the sealant and the asphaltic concrete, or softening or other deleterious effects on the asphaltic concrete or sealant. *The depth of a crack, separation or opening shall be measured perpendicular to the side of the sealant showing the defect. At least two test samples in a group of three representing a given sample of sealant shall meet this requirement.

932-1.2.3 Approved Product List (APL): The joint sealant materials used shall be one of the products listed on the Department’s APL. Manufacturers seeking evaluation of their products shall submit product datasheets, performance test reports from an independent laboratory showing the product meets the requirements of this section, and an APL application in accordance with Section 6. Information on the APL application must identify the sealant type. 932-1.2.4 Shipment: The material shall be delivered in containers plainly marked with the manufacturer’s name or trademark product nam e, LOT number and date of expiration. 932-1.2.5 Bond Breaker Rod: The bond breaker rod shall be a closed cell, expanded polyethylene foam rod of the size and dimensions shown in the Plans. It shall be compatible with the joint sealant and no bond or reaction shall occur between the rod and the sealant. All bond breaker rods installed shall be covered by a sealant at the end of each workday. 1034 FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents Bond breaker tape approved by the sealant manufacturer may be used in lieu of bond breaker rod when sealing ra ndom cracks.

932-1.3Low Modulus Silicone Sealant Materials:

932-1.3.1 Low Modulus Silicone Sealants : Silicone sealant shall be furnished in a one part or pre -measured two -part formulation meeting the requirements specified herein. Acetic acid cure sealants are not acceptable. A primer as specified in

932-1.4for bonding sealant to concrete shall be used if required by the manufacturer. When a

manufacturer’s product is tested and approved by the Department using a primer, primer will be required for project installation. Do not use Low Mod ulus Silicone Sealants Types A, B or C for bridge expansion joints. Silicones shall be identified in the following manner: Type A - A low modulus, non -sag (non-self-leveling) silicone formulation, used in sealing horizontal and vertical joints in cement concrete pavements and bridges (i.e., concrete -concrete joints). Tooling is required. Type B - A very low modulus, self -leveling silicone formulation, used in sealing horizontal joints (including joi nts on moderate slopes) in cement concrete pavements and bridges (i.e., concrete -concrete joints). Tooling is not normally required. Type C - An ultra-low modulus, self -leveling silicone formulation, used in sealing horizontal joints (including joints on moderate slopes) in cement concrete pavements and bridges (i.e., concrete -concrete joints). It can also be used to seal the joints between cement concrete pavements and asphalt concrete shoulders (including asphalt -asphalt joints). Tooling is not normally required. Type D - An ultra-low modulus, self -leveling silicone formulation, cold-applied, rapid -cure, used to seal expansion joints that experience both thermal and/or vertical movements. The material must cure by chemical reaction and not by evapo ration of solvent or fluxing of harder particles. Tooling shall not be required. Use in accordance with Standard Plans, Index 458-110 for bridge deck expansion joints with backer rods or as shown in the Plans for other joints with or without backer rods. 932-1.3.2 Physical Requirements :

Table 932-3 Silicone Sealant Type Test Method Type A Type B Type C Type D Flow ASTM D5893 No Flow Slump (maximum) ASTM D2202 0.3 inches Extrusion rate (minimum) ASTM C1183, Procedure A 20 ml/min 20 ml/min 20 ml/min 20 ml/min Tack-free time at 77 ± 3ºF and 45 to 55% Relative Humidity ASTM C679 90 minutes maximum 180 minutes, maximum 180 minutes, maximum 20 – 60 minutes Specific gravity ASTM D792, Method A 1.1 to 1.515 1.10 to 1.40 1.1 to 1.5 1.26 to 1.34 Durometer hardness, Shore A (Cured seven days at 77 ± 3ºF and 50 ± 5% Relative Humidity) ASTM D2240 10-25 1035 FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents Table 932-3 Silicone Sealant Type Test Method Type A Type B Type C Type D Durometer hardness, Shore 00 (Cured 21 days at 77 ± 3ºF and 50 ± 5% Relative Humidity) ASTM D2240 40-80 20-80 Tensile stress (maximum) at 150% elongation ASTM D412 (Die C) 45 psi 40 psi 15 psi Elongation (Cured seven days at 77 ± 3ºF and 50 ± 5% Relative Humidity) ASTM D412 (Die C) 800% minimum 600% minimum Elongation (Cured 21 days at 77 ± 3ºF and 50 ± 5% Relative Humidity) ASTM D412 (Die C) 800% minimum 800% minimum Ozone and Ultraviolet Resistance ASTM C793 No chalking, cr acking or bond loss after 5,000 hours, minimum. Bond to cement mortar briquets (primed if required) (Cured seven days at 77 ± 3ºF and 50 ± 5% Relative Humidity) AASHTO T 132 50 psi minimum Bond to cement mortar briquets (Cured 21 days at 77 ± 3ºF and 50 ± 5% Relative Humidity) AASHTO T 132 40 psi minimum 35 psi minimum Movement Capability ASTM C719 No adhesive or co hesive failure and adhesion, 10 cycles at -50 to +100% No adhesive or cohesive failure and adhesion, 10 cycles at +100/- 50 %

Portland Cement Mortar: Briquets shall be molded and cured 28 days minimum in accordance with AASHTO T 132. Saw cut c ured briquets in half, clean, and dry at 230°, plus or minus 5ºF . Bond the two halves together with a thin section of sealant. After cure of sealant, briquets shall be tested in accordance with AASH TO T 132. 932-1.3.3 Field Cure: Six-inch samples of the sealant shall be taken by the Engineer from the joint at the end of a two-week curing period and tested for durometer hardness (by FM ANSI/ASTM D2240), except that the requirements of a 1-inch sample width shall not apply. A minimum hardness of 7.0 is required as evidence of adequate cure. 932-1.3.4 Approved Product List : The low modulus silicone sealant used shall be one of the products listed on the APL. Manufacturers seeking evaluation of their products shall submit product datasheets, performance test reports from an independent laboratory 1036 FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents showing the product meets the requirements of this Section, an infrared identification curve (2.5 to 15 μm) and a n APL application in accordance with Section 6. Information on the APL application must identify the sealant type. 932-1.3.5 Shipment : The material shall be delivered in c ontainers p lainly marked with the manufacturer’s name or trademark product name, LOT number and date of expiration. 932-1.3.6 Primer: When required by the manufacturer’s product, a primer shall be used. The manufacturer shall perform quality control t ests on each LOT of sealant primer material furnished to each project and submit a certified report that each LOT of primer material furnished to a project meets the company’s specifications for that product and the primer is suitable for its intended use. Sealant primer material shall be delivered in containers plainly marked with the manufacturer’s name or trademark and product name, LOT number and date of expiration. 932-1.3.7 Backer Rod and Tape Bond Breakers: Backer rods and tape shall be compatible with the joint sealant and approved by the sealant manufacturer. No bond or reaction

shall occur between the rod and the sealant.

932-1.3.8 Installation: Installation, material selection, joint dimensions, bond

breaker suitability (by type and project) shall be in agreement with the requirements of Standard

Plans, Indexes 350-001 and 458-110. Any modifications or exceptions to these requirements

shall be shown in the Plans.

For new construction projects or general use where the joints to be sealed

have uniform width, a closed cell, expanded polyethylene foam backer rod bond breaker shall be

required. For rehabilitation projects and similar joint seals where the joints to be sealed have

irregular width, an open cell, expanded polyethylene foam backer rod bond breaker with an

impervious skin shall be required.

The backer rod shall be compatible with the joint sealant. No bond or

reaction shall occur between the rod and the sealant.

Tape bond breaker approved by the sealant manufacturer may be used in

lieu of backer rod bond breaker when sealing joints and/or random cracks, as required.

Type D Silicone sealant shall be placed when the ambient temperature is

rising and is between 55°F and 85°F and the temperature is expected to rise for the next three

hours minimum to provide to adequate joint opening and compression of the sealant during

curing.

All installed bond breakers shall be covered by sealant at the end of each

workday.

A tolerance in cross-sectional height at midpoint of minus 1/16 inches to

plus 3/16 inches will be allowed to the nominal values shown for each joint width on the plan

sheet. The Engineer shall check one joint for each 1,000 feet of roadway by cutting out

specimens. If the cross section of the cut specimen is out of the allowable range, additional

specimens shall be taken as follows:

One joint every 100 feet of pavement, not to exceed 500 feet.

If the average of the specimens is out of tolerance, the Contractor shall

remove and replace the entire 500-foot section at no additional expense to the Department.

Installation tolerance shall be verified at 1,000-foot intervals.

Pre-cured Silicone Sealant:

1037FY 2023-24Return to Table of Contents

932-1.4.1 General: Pre-cured silicone sealants are intended for sealing vertical

joints on concrete surfaces. Type V1 sealant is intended for contraction joints or joints with

movements less than 1/4 inches. Type V2 sealant is intended for expansion joints not exceeding

200% of the nominal joint opening. Type V2 sealant may be substituted for Type V1 sealant.

The joint sealant must be listed on the APL.

932-1.4.2 Physical Requirements: Sealant material shall be a nominal

1/16 inches thick, available in standard widths from 1 inch to 6 inches, colored to match the

finish surface coating of the concrete, and meet the following minimum testing requirements:

Table 932-4

Test Property Description Test Method Type V1 Type V2

Minimum Movement,

Cohesion/Adhesion ASTM C1523 100% 200%

Dry/Room Temperature Loss of

Adhesion/Cohesion ASTM C1523 None None

Water Immersion Loss of

Adhesion/Cohesion ASTM C1523 None None

Frozen Loss of Adhesion/Cohesion ASTM C1523 None None

Heat Loss of Adhesion/Cohesion ASTM C1523 None None

Artificial Weathering Loss of

Adhesion/Cohesion ASTM C1523 None None

Tear Propagation ASTM C1523

NT or PT (No

Tear or

Partial/Knotty

Tear)

NT or PT

(No Tear or

Partial/Knotty

Tear)

Ultimate Elongation ASTM D412 250% 500%

932-1.4.3 Approved Product List: The pre-cured silicone sealant used shall be

one of the products listed on the APL. Manufacturers seeking evaluation of their product shall

submit an application in accordance with Section 6. Applications must include test results, an

infrared identification curve (2.5 to 15 μm), and a product data sheet with the recommended

adhesive and installation requirements.

932-1.5Compression Seals and Adhesive Lubricant

932-1.5.1 Preformed Elastomeric Compression Seals: Preformed Elastomeric

Compression Seals shall meet the requirements of ASTM D2628 except that immersion oil

IRM 903 may be substituted for Oil No. 3 in the Oil Swell test procedure.

932-1.5.2 Compression Seal Adhesive Lubricant: Compression seal adhesive

lubricant shall meet the requirements of ASTM D4070. The material shall be fluid from 5°F to

120°F (-15°C to 49°C).

932-1.5.3 Certification: The manufacturer shall submit a certified test report for

each LOT of material furnished to each project along with a statement certifying that the material 1038FY 2023-24Return to Table of Contents

conforms to this specification and identifying the project number and manufacturer’s LOT

number.

932-1.5.4 Verification Samples: Provide verification samples in accordance with

Section 6.

932-2Structure Bearing Pads

932-2.1General: Furnish elastomeric structure bearing pads as shown in the Contract

Documents. Elastomeric bearings as defined herein shall include plain pads (elastomer only) and

laminated bearings with steel or fabric laminates. Flash tolerance, finish and appearance of

bearings shall meet the requirements of the latest edition of the Rubber Handbook as published

by the Rubber Manufacturer’s Association, Inc. RMA-F3-T.063 for molded bearings, and

RMA-F2 for extruded bearings.

932-2.2Materials: Use elastomer that is Grade 2 or higher, as defined in the AASHTO

LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, crystallization resistant, 100% virgin polychloroprene

(neoprene). Use only new materials; reclaimed material is not allowed in the finished product.

No wax, anti-ozonants, or other foreign material may accumulate or be applied to the surfaces of

the bearing. The steel layers of the laminated pads shall utilize 10-gauge steel sheet

(0.1345 inches thick). The steel utilized for the steel layers and for external load bearing plates

(if specified) shall meet the requirements of ASTM A36 or ASTM A1011 Grade 36 Type I steel

sheet. External load bearing plates shall be finished or machined flat to within 0.01 inches. The

bottom surfaces of external load plates (masonry plates) designed to rest on bearing pads shall

not exceed an out of flatness value of 0.0625 inches. External load bearing plates shall be

protected from rust until all exposed surfaces can be field painted. Any rust inhibitor shall be

removed from all surfaces prior to welding.

932-2.3Sampling: A sampling LOT shall consist of a maximum of 100 bearing pads of a

single type of bearing (plain, steel laminates, fabric laminates), of the same design, materials,

thickness, and manufacturer, referred to here as “like pads”, delivered to the project site or to an

offsite storage facility within the State of Florida in reasonable proximity to the project site as

determined by the Engineer. Organize stockpiled pads into groups of like pads by LOT so that

they can be readily identified and sampled by the Engineer.

932-2.3.1 Ancillary Structure Pads: Sampling is not required, and acceptance is

by certification.

932-2.3.2 Bridge Structure Pads: When the total number of like pads, as defined

in 932-2, consists of a LOT of 10 or less, sampling is not required, and acceptance is by

certification. Submit to the Engineer a certification conforming to the requirements of Section 6

stating that the structure bearing pads meet the requirements of this Section.

For LOT sizes of like pads that exceed 10, two bridge bearing pads per

LOT will be selected by the Engineer, one for testing and one for verification in the event of a

failing test result. LOTs will be sampled only after all like pads in the LOT are at the project site

or in an offsite storage facility. Samples shall consist of complete pads as detailed in the Plans.

Furnish additional complete bridge bearing pads to replace those selected for testing. Bridge

bearing pads shall be available for sampling a minimum of three weeks prior to their installation.

Submit the sample bridge bearing pads to a Department approved independent laboratory for

testing. Shipping and testing will be at the Contractor’s expense

932-2.4Dimensional Tolerances: Fabricate elastomeric bearings within the dimensional

tolerances specified below or as designated in the Plans. If any of the dimensions are outside the

limits specified, the bearing pad shall be rejected. 1039FY 2023-24Return to Table of Contents

Table 932-5

Measurement Tolerance (inches)

Overall vertical dimensions Design thickness ≤1.25 inches -0, +0.125

Design thickness >1.25 inches -0, +0.25

Overall horizontal dimensions measurements ≤36 inches -0, +0.25

measurements >36 inches -0, +0.50

Thickness of individual layers of elastomer (laminated bearings only) at any

point within the bearing

Variation from a plane parallel to the

theoretical surface (as determined by

measurements at the edge of the

bearings)

Top (slope relative to bottom) ≤0.005 radians

Sides 0.25

Position of exposed connection members

Edge cover of embedded laminates of connection members

Position and size of holes, slots, or inserts

Note: If the variation in thickness of individual layers of elastomer is greater than that allowed in the tolerance for Measurement

v (in) are absolute values of steel laminate rotation and vertical displacement. If the specified layer elastomeric layer thickness is

hr, the bearing length is L, and H1 and H2 are the measured maximum and minimum thicknesses at the edges of the layer, then

v=|hr-1/2(H1+H2)| and θ=|(H1-H2)/2L| for interior layers and θ=|(H1-H2)/L| for top and bottom layers provided that the minimum

elastomer layer thickness H2≥0.2 in.

932-2.5Ancillary Structures - Plain, Fiber Reinforced, or Fabric Laminated

Bearing Pads:

932-2.5.1 Plain Pads: Plain pads shall be either molded, extruded, or vulcanized

in large sheets and cut to size. Cutting shall not heat the material and shall produce a smooth

finish conforming to ANSI B46.1, 6.3 μm (0.248 mils). Plain pads shall be molded or extruded

to the finished thickness. Plying pads of lesser thickness together shall not be permitted. External

load plates, when used, shall be protected from rusting and shall be hot bonded by vulcanization

during the primary molding process. The finished pads shall withstand a minimum uniform

compressive load of 1200 psi when tested in accordance with FM 5-598.

932-2.5.2 Fiber Reinforced or Fabric Laminated Pads: Fiber reinforced pads

shall be constructed with a homogeneous blend of elastomer and random-oriented high strength

synthetic fiber cords. Bearing pads may be molded and vulcanized in large sheets and cut to size.

Cutting shall be performed so as to prevent heating and must produce a smooth finish

conforming to ANSI B46.1.

Fabric laminated bearings shall be constructed of multiple layers of fabric

and elastomer. The fabric shall be composed of 8-ounce cotton duck and the pads manufactured

in accordance with Military Specification MIL-C-882. Ensure the fabric is free of folds or ripples

and parallel to the top and bottom surfaces.

Fiber reinforced and fabric pads shall withstand a minimum uniform

compressive load of 2,400 psi when tested in accordance with FM 5-598.

932-2.5.3 Certification: The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer a

certification conforming to the requirements of Section 6 stating that the ancillary structure pads

meet the requirements of this Section and the physical and heat resistance properties of Section 6 1040FY 2023-24Return to Table of Contents

of FM 5-598. For bearing pads to be used under metal railings, submit certification indicating

compliance with either, ASTM D2000 M1 BC (suffix grade 1 - basic requirements, type B,

class C) or the physical and heat resistance properties of FM 5-598.

932-2.6Bridge Structures - Elastomeric Bearing Pads: Bearings with steel laminates

shall be cast as a unit in a mold and bonded and vulcanized under heat and pressure. Bearings

with steel laminates which are designed to act as a single unit with a given shape factor must be

manufactured as a single unit. The mold shall have a standard shop practice mold finish. The

internal steel laminates shall be blast cleaned to a cleanliness that conforms to SSPC-SP6 at the

time of bonding. Plates shall be free of sharp edges and burrs and shall have a minimum edge

cover of 0.25 inches. If external load plates (sole plates) are required (as specified in the Contract

Documents) to be hot bonded to the bearing, it shall be done during vulcanization.

Edges of the embedded steel laminates, including the laminate restraining devices

and around holes and slots shall be covered with not less than 3/16 inches of elastomer or the

minimum edge cover specified in the Plans. All exposed laminations or imperfections that result

in less than the specified elastomer cover of any surface of the steel laminations shall be repaired

by the manufacturer at the point of manufacture. The repair shall consist of sealing the

imperfections flush on the finished pads with a bonded vulcanized patch material compatible

with the elastomeric bearing pad. Repairs employing caulking type material or repairing the

bearings in the field will not be permitted.

932-2.6.1 Testing: Test bridge bearing pads in accordance with FM 5-598.

Laminated bridge bearings must meet a minimum compressive load of 2,400 psi and non-

laminated (plain) pads must meet a minimum compressive load of 1,200 psi. If any properties are

identified as noncompliant with the criteria specified, the bearing shall be rejected and the

verification sample tested. If the verification sample test results are also noncompliant, the LOT

shall be rejected. A list of approved testing laboratories can be found on the Department’s

website. The URL for obtaining this information, if available, is: https://mac.fdot.gov/reports.

932-2.6.2 Marking: Each elastomeric bearing pad shall be permanently marked.

The marking shall consist of the order number, LOT number, pad identification number,

elastomer type, and shear modulus or hardness (when shear modulus is not specified). Where

possible, the marking shall be on a face of the bridge bearing pad that will be visible after

erection of the structure.

932-2.6.3 Certified Test Results: For bridge bearing pads, the Contractor shall

submit to the Engineer complete certified test results from the independent laboratory for all tests

specified, properly identified by LOT and project number.

932-2.6.4 Certification: The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer a

certification conforming to the requirements of Section 6 stating that the bearing pads, (plain,

fiber reinforced or elastomeric) meet the requirements of this Section. The certification shall

designate the bearings in each LOT and state that each of the bearings in the LOT was

manufactured in a reasonably continuous manner from the same batch of elastomer and cured

under the same conditions.

932-3Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Reinforcing Bars

932-3.1General: Obtain FRP reinforcing bars from producers currently on the

Department’s Production Facility Listing. Producers seeking inclusion on the list shall meet the

requirements of Section 105.

Use only solid, round, thermoset basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP), glass

fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) or carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) reinforcing bars. 1041FY 2023-24Return to Table of Contents

Single or multi-wire CFRP strands are permitted as spirals for reinforcing in concrete piling

where specified in the Contract Documents. Bars shall be manufactured using pultrusion,

variations of pultrusion, or other suitable processes noted in the producer’s Quality Control Plan,

subject to the approval of the State Materials Office (SMO). For BFRP and CFRP bars only

vinyl ester or epoxy resin systems are permitted. For GFRP, use only bars manufactured using

vinyl ester resin systems and glass fibers classified as E-CR or R that meet the requirements of

ASTM D578.

932-3.2Bar Sizes and Loads: The sizes and loads of FRP reinforcing bars shall meet the

requirements in Table 932-6. The measured cross-sectional area, including any bond enhancing

surface treatments, shall be determined according to Table 932-7.

Table 932-6

Sizes and Tensile Loads of FRP Reinforcing Bars

Bar Size

Designation

Nominal

Bar

Diameter

(in)

Nominal

Cross

Sectional

Area

(in )

Measured

Cross-Sectional Area

(in )

Minimum Guaranteed Tensile Load

(kips)

Minimum Maximum BFRP and

GFRP Bars

CFRP

(Type II)

Single &

7-Wire

Strands

CFRP

(Type I)

Bars

2.1-CFRP 0.21 0.028 0.026 0.042 - 7.1 -

2 0.250 0.049 0.046 0.085 6.1 - 10.3

2.8-CFRP 0.280 0.051 0.048 0.085 - 13.1 -

3 0.375 0.11 0.104 0.161 13.2 - 20.9

3.8-CFRP 0.380 0.09 0.087 0.134 - 23.7 -

4 0.500 0.20 0.185 0.263 21.6 - 33.3

5 0.625 0.31 0.288 0.388 29.1 - 49.1

6 0.750 0.44 0.415 0.539 40.9 - 70.7

6.3-CFRP 0.630 0.19 0.184 0.242 - 49.8 -

7 0.875 0.60 0.565 0.713 54.1 - -

7.7-CFRP 0.770 0.29 0.274 0.355 - 74.8 -

8 1.000 0.79 0.738 0.913 66.8 - -

9 1.128 1.00 0.934 1.137 82.0 - -

10 1.270 1.27 1.154 1.385 98.2 - -

932-3.3Material Requirements: Producers shall submit to the State Materials Office

(SMO), a test report of the physical and mechanical property requirements in Table 932-7 and

Table 932-8 as applicable for the types and sizes of FRP reinforcing produced. Qualification

testing shall be conducted by an independent laboratory approved by the Department for

performing the FRP test methods.

Three production LOTS shall be randomly sampled at the production facility by a

designee of the SMO. The minimum number of specimens per production LOT shall be as 1042FY 2023-24Return to Table of Contents

indicated in Table 932-7 and Table 932-8. The coefficient of variation (COV) for each test result

shall be less than 6%. Outliers shall be subject to further investigation per ASTM E178. If the

COV exceeds 6%, the number of test specimens per production LOT may be doubled, a

maximum of two times, to meet the COV requirement. Otherwise, the results shall be rejected. A

production LOT is defined as a LOT of FRP reinforcing produced from start to finish with the

same constituent materials used in the same proportions without changing any production

parameter, such as cure temperature or line speed. 1043FY 2023-24Return to Table of Contents

Table 932-7

Physical and Mechanical Property Requirements for Straight FRP Reinforcing Bars

Property Test Method Requirement Specimens

per LOT

Fiber Mass Fraction ASTM D2584 or

ASTM D3171 ≥70% 5 n

Short-Term Moisture

Absorption

ASTM D570, Procedure 7.1;

24 hours immersion at 122°F ≤0.25% 5 m

Long-Term Moisture

Absorption

ASTM D570, Procedure 7.4;

immersion to full saturation at 122°F ≤1.0% 5 m

Glass Transition

Temperature (Tg)

ASTM D7028 (DMA) or

ASTM E1356 (DSC; Tm)/ASTM

D3418 (DSC; Tmg)

≥230°F

≥212°F

m

Total Enthalpy of

Polymerization

(Resin)

ASTM E2160

Identify the resin system

used for each bar size

and report the average

value of three replicates

for each system

--

Degree of Cure ASTM E2160 ≥95% of Total

polymerization enthalpy n

Measured Cross-

Sectional Area

ASTM D7205

Within the range listed

in Table 932-6

n

Guaranteed Tensile

Load a

≥ Value listed in

Table 932-6

Tensile Modulus

≥6,500 ksi for BFRP and

GFRP

≥18,000 ksi for CFRP

(Type I) Bars

> 22,400 ksi for CFRP

(Type II) Strands

Alkali Resistance

with Load

ASTM D7705; Procedure B, set

sustained load to 30% of value in

Table 932-6; 3 months test duration,

followed by tensile strength per

ASTM D7205

≥ 70% Tensile strength

retention for BFRP &

GFRP

≥ 95% Tensile strength

retention for CFRP

m

Transverse Shear

Strength ASTM D7617 >22 ksi 5 n

Horizontal Shear

Strength p ASTM D4475 >5.5 ksi 5 n

Bond Strength to

Concrete, Block

Pull-Out

ACI 440.3R, Method B.3

or ASTM D7913

>1.1 ksi for Bars

>0.9 ksi for Strands m

a – Guaranteed tensile load shall be equal to the average test result from all three LOTs minus three standard deviations.

n – Tests shall be conducted for all bar sizes produced.

m – Tests shall be conducted for the smallest, median, and largest bar size produced.

p – Only required for BFRP bars. 1044FY 2023-24Return to Table of Contents

932-3.3.1 Additional Requirements for Bent FRP Bars: For all bars produced

by bending straight solid FRP bars before the resin is fully cured, the minimum inside bend

radius shall be at least three times the nominal diameters for bar sizes 2 through 8; and four times

the nominal diameters for sizes 9 and 10.

The straight portion of a bent FRP reinforcing bar shall be extracted with

sufficient length for tensile testing according to Table 932-8. When the bent shape does not allow

for the tensile testing of one of its straight portions, test specimens produced at the same time

during the same production LOT shall be used.

Table 932-8

Physical and Mechanical Property Requirements for Bent FRP Reinforcing Bars

Property Test Method Requirement Specimens

per LOT

Fiber Mass Fraction – Bent

Portion b

ASTM D2584 or

ASTM D3171 ≥70% 5 m

Short-Term Moisture

Absorption –

Bent Portion b

ASTM D570,

Procedure 7.1;

24 hours immersion at

122°F

≤0.25% 5 m

Long-Term Moisture

Absorption – Bent Portion b

ASTM D570,

Procedure 7.4;

immersion to full

saturation at 122°F

≤1.0% 5 m

Glass Transition Temperature –

Bent Portion b

ASTM E1356 (DSC;

Tm) /ASTM D3418

(DSC; Tmg)

≥212°F 3 m

Degree of Cure – Bent Portion b ASTM E2160 ≥95% of Total

polymerization enthalpy m

Measured Cross-Sectional Area

– Straight Portion

ASTM D7205

Within the range listed in

Table 932-6

m

Guaranteed Tensile Load a

– Straight Portion

≥ Value listed in

Table 932-6

Tensile Modulus –

Straight Portion

≥6,500 ksi for BFRP and

GFRP

≥18,000 ksi for CFRP (Type

I) Bar

> 22,400 ksi for CFRP

(Type II) Strand

Alkali Resistance without Load

– Straight Portion

ASTM D7705; 3 months

test duration, followed

by tensile strength per

ASTM D7205

≥ 80% Tensile strength

retention m 1045FY 2023-24Return to Table of Contents

Table 932-8

Physical and Mechanical Property Requirements for Bent FRP Reinforcing Bars

Property Test Method Requirement Specimens

per LOT

Strength of 90° Bends ACI 440.3, Method B.5

or ASTM D7914

> 60% Guaranteed tensile

load listed in Table 932-6 m

Transverse Shear Strength –

Straight Portion ASTM D7617 >22 ksi 5 m

Horizontal Shear Strength p ASTM D4475 >5.5 ksi 5 m

a – Guaranteed tensile load shall be equal to the average test result from all three LOTs minus three standard deviations.

b – Bent portion specimens shall be extracted from a central location within a 90° bend.

m – Tests shall be conducted for the smallest, median, and largest bent bar size produced.

p – Only required for BFRP bars.

932-3.4Material Acceptance: Submit to the Engineer a certificate of analysis for each

production LOT from the producer of the FRP reinforcing bars, confirming compliance with the

requirements of this Section.

932-3.4.1 Sampling: The Engineer will select a minimum of six straight bars with

minimum lengths of 7 feet each and a minimum of five bent bars or spiral bends/revolutions

from each shipment, representing a random production LOT, per bar size of FRP reinforcing for

testing in accordance with Table 932-9. Testing shall be conducted, at the Contractor’s expense,

by a Department approved independent laboratory. Each test shall be replicated a minimum of

three times per sample. Submit the test results to the Engineer for review and approval prior to

installation. Testing will not be required for bars to be used solely as reinforcement for sheet pile

bulkheads, but LOT samples will still be selected and retained by the Engineer until final

acceptance of the work. 1046FY 2023-24Return to Table of Contents

Table 932-9

Testing Requirements for Project Material Acceptance of FRP Reinforcing Bars

Property Test Method Requirement

Test Required

for Straight

Bar

Test Required

for Bent Bar

Fiber Mass

Fraction

ASTM D2584

or

ASTM D3171

≥70% Yes Yes – bent

portion b

Short-Term

Moisture

Absorption

ASTM D570,

Procedure 7.1; 24

hours immersion at

122°F

≤0.25% Yes Yes – bent

portion b

Glass Transition

Temperature

ASTM D7028

(DMA)

or

ASTM E1356

(DSC; Tm)/

ASTM D3418

(DSC; Tmg)

≥230°F

≥212°F

Yes Yes – bent

portion b

Degree of Cure ASTM E2160 ≥95% of Total

polymerization enthalpy Yes Yes – bent

portion b

Measured Cross-

sectional Area

ASTM D7205

Within the range listed in

Table 932-6 Yes Yes – straight

portion

Guaranteed Tensile

Load a

≥ Value listed in

Table 932-6 Yes No

Tensile Modulus

≥6,500 ksi for BFRP and

GFRP

≥18,000 ksi for CFRP

(Type I) Bars

≥22,400 ksi for CFRP

(Type II) Strands

Yes No

a – Guaranteed tensile load shall be equal to the average test result from all three LOTs minus three standard deviations.

b – Bent portion specimens shall be extracted from a central location within a 90° bend.

932-4FRP Spirals for Concrete Piling

FRP Spirals for reinforcing in concrete piling shall be CFRP conforming to the

requirements of Section 933 or 932-3 for CFRP (Type II).

932-5Polymer Slurries for Drilled Shafts

932-5.1General Requirements: Synthetic polymer slurry are products that can be used

to facilitate the construction of drilled shafts. The type of synthetic polymers used in drilling

slurry are long chain-like hydrocarbon molecules which interact with each other, with the soil,

and with the water to effectively increase the viscosity of the fluid. Commercial polymer

products may come in powder, granular or liquid forms and shall be fully mixed with potable

water prior to introducing it to the drilled shaft excavation.

932-5.2Product Acceptance: All materials shall be one of the products listed on the

Department’s Approved Product List (APL). Manufacturers seeking evaluation of products for 1047FY 2023-24Return to Table of Contents

inclusion on the APL shall submit an application in accordance with Section 6 and including

documentation that meets the requirements of Table 932-10. A separate application must be

submitted for each product type to be evaluated, showing that the product meets the applicable

requirements.

Table 932-10

Documentation Requirements

Documentation Requirements

Installation Instructions Include mixing and disposal instructions and

the Safety Data Sheet (SDS).

Product Photo Displays the significant features of the product

as required in this section. Displays location

of Manufacturer name and model number.

Product Label Photo Displays the Product Name

Technical Data Sheet Uniquely identifies the product and includes

product specifications, storage instructions,

and recommended installation materials and

equipment as applicable.

Test Reports Submit test results and reports as required by

Materials Manual, Vol 2 Section 2.4 1048FY 2023-24Return to Table of Contents PRESTRESSING STRAND AND BAR

933-1Strands for Prestressing

933-1.1Carbon Steel Strands for Prestressing: The carbon -steel strands for

prestressing concrete members shall be Grade 270, low-relaxation seven wire strand conforming to the requirements of ASTM A416.

933-1.2Stainless-Steel Strands for Prestressing: The stainless -steel strands for

prestressing concrete members shall be a high strength stainless-steel (HSSS , Grade 240), low-relaxation seven wire strand conforming to the requirements of ASTM A1114.

933-1.3Carbon -Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Strands for Prestressing: Obtain

CFRP prestressing strands from producers currently on the Department’s Production Facility Listing. Producers seeking inclusion on the list shall meet the requirements of Section 105. CFRP strand shall meet the requirements of this Section.

Table 933-1 Typical Sizes and Loads of CFRP Prestressing Strands and Bars Type Nominal Diameter (in) Nominal Cross Sectional Area

Ultimate Load

Ultimate Tensile Stress (ksi) Single Strand - 5.0mm Ø 0.20 0.025 9.1 364 7-strand - 7.9mm Ø 0.31 0.048 17.8 370 7-strand - 10.8mm Ø 0.43 0.090 33.1 367 Single Strand (Bar) - 9.5mm Ø 0.38 0.110 35.0 318 7-strand - 12.5mm Ø 0.49 0.117 43.3 370 Single Strand (Bar) - 12.7mm Ø 0.50 0.196 59.0 301 7-strand - 15.2mm Ø 0.60 0.179 66.2 369 7-strand - 17.2mm Ø 0.68 0.234 86.6 370 7-strand - 19.3mm Ø 0.76 0.289 106.9 370

933-1.4Shipping and Storage: Protect carbon -steel, stainless -steel, and CFRP strands

for prestressing against mechanical damage and contamination during shipping and storage .

933-2Steel Bars for Prestressing

The steel bars for prestressing concrete mem bers shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A722, Type II.

933-3Steel Parallel Wire Assemblies for Prestressing

The wire assemblies for prestressing concrete members shall consist of parallel wires of the number and size shown in the Plans and shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A421.

933-4Anchorages for Prestressing

933-4.1For Strands and Bars:

1049 FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents