216Unpaved Shoulders

216.1 General Description

This work includes constructing unpaved shoulders.

216.1.01 Definitions

General Provisions 101 through 150.

216.1.02 Related References

A. Standard Specifications Section 106—Control of Materials Section 205—Roadway Excavation Section 210—Grading Complete Section 817—Shoulder Material B. Referenced Documents GDT 7 G DT 20 G DT 21 G DT 24a G DT 59 G DT 67

216.1.03 Submittals

General Provisions 101 through 150.

216.2 Materials

Unless otherwise specified in the Proposal, ensure that the material conforms to Section 817. The provisions of Section 106 apply to shoulder materials obtained from sources off the Right-of-Way.

216.2.01 Delivery, Storage, and Handling

General Provisions 101 through 150.

216.3 Construction Requirements

216.3.01 Personnel

General Provisions 101 through 150.

216.3.02 Equipment

Before beginning shoulder construction, have the required equipment on the Project and in good working condition. Use equipment approved by the Engineer. The Engineer will not permit tractors with treads or equipment that damage existing base, surfacing, or pavement.

216.3.03 Preparation

General Provisions 101 through 150.

216.3.04 Fabrication

General Provisions 101 through 150.

216.3.05 Construction

A. General Shape and compact shoulders in sequence as required for the type of base or pavement being constructed. Promptly repair damage to an existing base, surface, or pavement due to shoulder construction. Repairs are to be mad e at no expense to the Department. B. Compaction Immediately compact shoulders as follows to reduce erosion: 1. Grassed Shoulders Compact shoulder areas above subgrade elevation that require grassing or sodding to a firm and stable co ndition as determined by the Engineer. 2. Un-grassed Shoulders Ensure that un-grassed shoulder areas (including un-grassed stabilized shoulders and paved shoulders) have a resultant density of at least 100 percent of the maximum laboratory dry density. The density is determined from compacted representative samples of the material using GDT 7, GDT 67, or GDT 24a, whichever applies. The in-place density of the compacted shoulder will be determined according to GDT 20, GDT 21, or GDT 59, whichever applies. 3. All Shoulders C ompact shoulders adjacent to a flexible base at least 18 in. (450 mm) wider on each side along with the b ase course. C. Maintenance Maintain shoulders as follows: 1. Cut weep holes through shoulders constructed prior to flexible bases to prevent impoundment of water on the r oad-bed or subgrade. 2. Provide adequate temporary drainage facilities to prevent excessive erosion when front slopes are subject to concentrated water at weep holes. 3. Promptly repair excessive erosion to prevent damage to the adjacent base or pavement. 4. Repair and dress adjacent slopes and remove excess material from adjacent ditches when shaping, dressing, and compacting shoulders. D. Construction Sequence Construct unpaved shoulders as follows: 1. Portland Cement Concrete Bases and Pavements Construct, shape, and compact the shoulders as soon as the curing period is complete on each section. 2. Hot Mix Asphaltic Concrete Pavement Construct shoulders adjacent to hot mix asphaltic concrete pavement according to the following case scenarios: a. Hot Mix Asphaltic Concrete Bases Construct, shape, and compact the shoulders as soon as the final rolling is complete on each section. b. Hot Mix Asphaltic Concrete Intermediate and Surface Courses Place the shoulder material for the underlying base course and compact it before beginning the i ntermediate or surface course. Place, shape, and compact the remaining shoulder material after completing the final rolling of each section of surface course. 3. Flexible Bases or Pavements (except those listed under Subsection 216.3.05.D.2.a and Subsection

216.3.05 D.2.b)

Follow these requirements except when constructing shoulders and base courses of the same materials: a. Before constructing the base or pavement, place loose shoulder material to construct the compacted width of shoulder shown on the plans. Place the loose shoulder material at a proper distance outside the proposed edge of base or pavement. b. After initially manipulating and compacting the base or paving material, use the blade grader to pull the shoulder up to, but not inside of, the proposed edge of the base or pavement. c. When constructing multiple courses, construct the shoulders, base, or pavement using the same number of courses. Prevent excessive erosion from concentrated water at weep holes by keeping the distance from the base or pavement construction to the shoulder construction to a minimum. Move smoothly and efficiently between the two operations. 4. Stabilized Shoulders When the Plans or Proposal call for stabilized shoulders, add the stabilizer according to the Specification pertaining to that Item. 5. Shoulders Constructed with Base Material When constructing shoulders and base courses out of the same materials, place and construct the shoulder material in the same way as the base material. 6. Shoulders Constructed under Traffic When constructing shoulders on highways that are open to traffic, use the following construction operations: a. Removing Existing Shoulder Materials Do not remove existing shoulders or portions of existing shoulders more than 1,500 ft. (450 m) ahead of paving operations. Also, comply with this limitation when constructing new shoulders and paving is not involved. b. Constructing Shoulders Complete and compact shoulders within a distance of 1,500 ft. (450 m) or less behind finished paving operations. c. Enforcing Construction Limitations When trenching out or rebuilding the shoulders on opposite sides of the pavement simultaneously, separate the two operations by at least 1 mile (1600 m), leaving at least one usable shoulder to protect passing traffic.

216.3.06 Quality Acceptance

General Provisions 101 through 150.

216.3.07 Contractor Warranty and Maintenance

General Provisions 101 through 150.

216.4 Measurement

A. Materials Obtained from Roadbed Shoulders constructed from material obtained from adjacent portions of the roadbed are measured according to Subsection 205.4, Measurement or Subsection 210.4, Measurement, as applicable. B. Shoulders Adjacent to Stabilized Bases When bases are constructed by stabilizing the existing roadbed, and the shoulders are to be bladed into section us ing materials from the existing roadbed, no measurement of shoulder materials will be made. C. Shoulders Constructed with New Base Course Materials New shoulders constructed of the same material as the new base course by spreading the base course m aterial full width of the roadbed is measured for payment according to the appropriate Specification for the type base course. D. Shoulders Constructed with Selected Shoulder Material Selected shoulder material, including accepted pervious and impervious shoulder material obtained from pits or o ther sources off the Right-of-Way, is measured in cubic yards (meters) loose volume in vehicles when dumping.

216.4.01 Limits

General Provisions 101 through 150.

216.5 Payment

A. Shoulders Constructed with Materials Obtained from Existing Roadbed Measured shoulder material obtained from the existing roadbed will be paid at the Contract Unit Price per cubic y ard (meter) for Section 205. S houlders constructed out of existing roadway materials including selected borrow already in position from prior co nstruction operations, will not be paid for separately. Payment for these materials will be made under the p ertinent items required to place these materials in position. B. Shoulders Constructed with New Base Course Materials Shoulders constructed from new base course materials will be paid for according to the appropriate specifications for the type of base course. C. Shoulders Constructed with Selected Shoulder Material Selected shoulder material, including accepted pervious and impervious shoulder material obtained from pits or other sources off the Right-of-Way, will be paid for at the Contract Unit Price per cubic yard (meter) or square yard (meter) of a specified thickness. Payment is full compensation for furnishing the material when specified and for performing construction, compaction, and other work specified in this Section pertaining to the Item. If under the provisions of Section 106 the Contractor shall pay royalties for the selected shoulder material, the Pay Item is listed with the words “Including Material” added. Payment will be made under: Item No. 216 Selected material for shoulder construction Per cubic yard (meter) or square yard (meter), ___ in (mm) average thickness Item No. 216 Selected material for shoulder construction including material Per cubic yard (meter) or square yard (meter), ___ in (mm) average thickness

216.5.01 Adjustments

General Provisions 101 through 150.