205Roadway Excavation

205.1General Description

Roadway excavation shall conform to the lines, grades, and cross-sections shown on the Plans or established by the Engineer. If artifacts of historical or archaeological significance are encountered, temporarily stop excavation operations until directed by the Engineer. See Subsection 107.13.A. Roadway excavation includes the following: • Excavating, hauling, and placing or disposing of materials (not removed under another Contract Item) from wi thin the limits of areas designated in the Contract. • Excavating ditches (except channel excavation) and filling and/or plugging abandoned wells (both dug and drilled) located within the Right-of-Way and construction easements according to Georgia Standard 9031H. • Removing paving, aggregates, and ballast not incorporated into the new work as a result of alignment shifts, grade changes, or reasons that may or may not be shown on the Plans. • Salvaging aggregates, paving, (only if designated on the Plans) and removed railroad ballast. • The Department claims salvaged materials unless the Engineer directs that materials be wasted. Dispose o f mater ials not salvaged. Stockpile salvaged materials on the Project unless other sites for stockpiling are s hown on the Plans. 205.1.01 Definitions General Provisions 101 through 150. 205.1.02 Related References

General Provisions 101 through 150. 205.1.03 Submittals General Provisions 101 through 150. 192 192 192 192 192 192 192 192 192 192

205.2Materials

Define excavated material, regardless of its nature or composition, as “unclassified excavation” unless otherwise specified in the Plans. The Engineer will designate materials that are unsuitable. 205.2.01 Delivery, Storage, and Handling

Unless directed by the Engineer, do not waste excavated material until satisfying embankment and backfill requirements, unless material is designated on the Plans as “Unsuitable for embankment or backfill construction.” Dispose of materials to be wasted according to Subsection 201.3.05.E and the following information: • Use suitable surplus material to widen embankments uniformly or to flatten fill slopes, or deposit the material in places on the Right-of-Way as directed by the Engineer. • Do not leave an unsightly pile of material that will damage abutting property or deposit material above the g rade of the adjacent roadway unless so directed by the Engineer. • Do not place the edge of a waste bank nearer than 10 ft. (3 m) from the top of a cut slope. Dispose of unsuitable and surplus materials unless they are used as fill for slopes, abandoned ditches, or other areas shown on the Plans. • Deposit unsuitable material excavated from ditches and do not allow it to remain within 3 ft (1 m) of the d itch edge. Spread material neatly in level, uniform layers. • Use suitable materials from ditches for constructing roadway embankments unless otherwise directed by the Engineer.

When unable to dispose of unsuitable or surplus excavation material on the Right-of-Way, dispose of it in the following areas:

Check disposal areas shown on the Plans. They may or may not be adjacent to the Right-of-Way. When shown on the Plans, the Department will obtain Right-of-Way or easement to permit disposal of material. The Plans contain the amounts of royalties and the conditions for the acquiring of the waste eas ement. When the Department furnishes the waste areas, and the Engineer provides measurements of the area used, do the following:

ful l and the agreed conditions, including proper draining and final clean-up, have been fulfilled to the o wner’s satisfaction before receiving final payment from the Department. The Department will not make separate payment for these costs of acquisition. If the property owner is not paid within 60 days after the Engineer has furnished the measurement, the D epartment may pay the property owner directly any amounts due, and deduct it from funds due the C ontractor. This provision does not affect the obligation of the Contractor under his bond or the rights of the property owner or the Department under the bond. In case of dispute between the Contractor and the Department, the Chief Engineer will make the final and conclusive decision. When disposal areas are shown on the Plans and are elected to be used, comply with the terms of the option before resorting to other areas. 193 193 193 193 193 193 193 193 193 193

When waste disposal areas are not shown on the Plans, obtain suitable disposal areas at no expense to the Department. Exercise the right to sell or otherwise dispose of the surplus material in these cases. (See Subsection 107.22 and Subsection 107.23.)

Reclaim disposal areas according to Section 160.

205.3Construction Requirements

205.3.01 Personnel General Provisions 101 through 150. 205.3.02 Equipment General Provisions 101 through 150. 205.3.03 Preparation General Provisions 101 through 150. 205.3.04 Fabrication General Provisions 101 through 150. 205.3.05 Construction Perform roadway excavation according to the Plans, and all of the requirements of this Subsection.

cuts.

of cut slopes.

Engineer.

Construct serrated slopes as follows:

The pay line is the template line or the final staked cross- section slope line. The Department will not make additional measurement or payment for constructing serrated slopes.

to the roadway grade.

194 194 194 194 194 194 194 194 194 194

Construct non-serrated slopes by leaving the front and back slopes in a roughened condition to provide a seed bed for temporary or permanent grassing operations.

Take the measures necessary throughout the Project to control erosion and to prevent silting of rivers, streams, and impoundments. Construct drainage facilities and perform all other construction work that contributes to erosion and siltation control in conjunction with earthwork operations as required by Section 161.

Remove rock and dispose of it as shown on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer. Transition any flattening of a cut slope already begun when rock is encountered to ensure the cut has a pleasing appearance. Use the presplitting technique to reduce overbreakage and to establish a free surface or shear plane in the rock along the cut periphery or proposed break lines. • Presplit a periphery plane to the excavation depth before blasting within the plane. • Conduct the presplitting process by drilling appropriately sized holes at intervals that will ensure a neat b reak, to the desired depth, along the plane of the proposed cut. Load and stem the holes with an ap propriate light charge explosive, and detonate the explosives simultaneously. • Allow an 18 in. (450 mm) offset in the slope to begin succeeding drilling operations when the depth of the cut is more than can be drilled from the top. Create a relatively smooth shear plane as indicated in the Plans with localized irregularities that do not exceed 2 ft. (600 mm) behind or 1 ft. (300 mm) in front (roadway side) of the plane surface. Do not presplit slopes flatter than 1:1.

Material that is excavated beyond or below the cross-section shown on the Plans or designated will be at the C ontractor’s expense, except unavoidable overbreakage in solid rock. The allowable overbreakage is a maxi mum of 2 ft. (600 mm) below or outside the original template lines. Backfill to replace material removed below the limits specified at no expense to the Department.

See Use of Explosives in Subsection 107.12 .

ock and Boulders Handle rock and boulder excavation as follows:

e el evation and backfill the space to the correct grade with suitable subgrade material.

sp ecified side slope. c . Remove loose rock on cut slopes immediately after blasting.

construction, into embankment slopes when possible.

compatible with the typical section. Leave sloped surfaces safe and natural looking.

The Engineer may require unsuitable material be removed from its location.

mater ial is not suitable for subgrades or shoulders. Backfill the area with suitable material.

195 195 195 195 195 195 195 195 195 195

The Department will not designate the unsuitable material excavation as a separate Pay Item unless specifically designated on the Plans, but will pay for it as “Roadway Excavation—Unclassified.”

Obliterate old roads or other areas by completing the following work as directed by the Engineer: • Obliterate discontinued roads or other areas inside or outside the Project construction limits. • Grade, scarify, plow, and harrow obliterated areas. The Department will pay for excavation (other than that necessary for finishing and dressing) as “roadway excavation—unclassified.” Follow this procedure to obliterate the road:

contour of the ground and produce a surface of naturally rounded slopes.

material with salvage value, or use it in the new construction.

according to Section 160 or Section 700 as applicable.

Remove and properly dispose of materials placed as surcharge for consolidation or other purposes.

the Right-of-Way.

Conserve and use excavated materials suitable for subgrade, shoulder construction, plant topsoil, blanket for fill

slopes, or other purposes as directed by the Engineer according to Subsection 104.06.

stockpile materials unless specifically directed.

The Department will again pay for “roadway excavation—unclassified,” which includes necessary hauling and

placement, when the material is removed from the stockpile.

After excavation has been completed use the following procedure to finish the roadway:

the Plans or established by the Engineer. Finish according to Section 209.

The Department will make no separate payment for finishing done under this Section. Include the work in the

cost of the roadway excavation.

205.3.06 Quality Acceptance

General Provisions 101 through 150.

205.3.07 Contractor Warranty and Maintenance

General Provisions 101 through 150. 196196196196196196196196196196

205.4Measurement

Original ground surface measurements will be obtained using conventional methods, photogrammetric means, or a

combination of these methods. The Engineer will determine the method(s) and time when the measurements are to be

taken for each Project.

The volume of Roadway Excavation-Unclassified, authorized and accepted by the Engineer, will be computed by the

method of average end areas, or other acceptable means, using the original ground surface, the final ground surface,

cross-section, or approved templates.

The final ground surface will be obtained from conventional field measurements, as-built templates, photogrammetric

means, or a combination of these methods. The Engineer will determine the method(s) to be used on each Project.

The measurement will include:

• Overbreakage and slides in roadway excavation, unless they are caused by Contractor negligence

• Authorized excavation of rock or unsuitable material below template grade

• Material re-excavated from stockpiles and used in construction as directed by the Engineer

• Surcharge removal

Excavation outside of staked lines and slopes will never be measured for payment unless ordered or approved by the

Engineer.

Ditch excavation will be measured as specified in paragraph one, above.

Retaining wall construction will be measured to the back and bottom of the select material backfill or footing as the

Engineer determines. Any exception outside these lines by the Grading Contractor to provide stable slopes and

positive drainage will not be measured and will be considered incidental to the work.

Filling or plugging abandoned wells will not be measured for payment but all costs shall be included in the price bid for

Roadway Excavation when Item 205 is shown as a pay item. Otherwise all costs shall be included in the overall

contract bid price.

Removing paving, aggregates, and ballasts will be measured and included in the computations for roadway excavation

when Section 205 is shown as a pay item (unless those items are shown in the Plans as a separate pay item).

205.4.01 Limits

General Provisions 101 through 150.

205.5Payment

Removing paving, aggregates, and ballast will be paid for at the Contract Price bid per cubic yard (meter) when Item

is shown as a Pay Item, unless the items are shown in the Plans as a separate Pay Item.

The Department will withhold a percentage of the progress payments for the estimated quantity of earthwork (not to

exceed 5 percent) until final dressing, subgrade construction, and satisfactory disposal of unsuitable or surplus

materials is completed. This percentage withheld shall be in addition to that specified in Subsection 109.07.

The Contract Price per cubic yard (meter) for “roadway excavation—unclassified” will be paid for quantities of

excavation measured according to Subsection 205.4. Payment is full compensation for

• Excavating, hauling, placing, and compacting excavated material.

• Removing, loading, hauling, stockpiling as designated, and sawing pavement when payment is included under

Item 205.

• Pre-splitting rock, disposing of unsuitable or surplus materials, excavating, shaping, disposing of

unsatisfactory excavated materials, maintaining ditches (except channel excavation specified in Section 204),

constructing subgrades and shoulders, and finishing, dressing, and maintaining the work until Final

Acceptance.

Payment will be made under: 197197197197197197197197197197

Item No. 205 Unclassified excavation Per cubic yard (meter)

205.5.01 Adjustments

General Provisions 101 through 150.. 198 198 198 198 198 198 198 198 198 198