Section 20 5—Roadway Excavation
205.1General Description
Roadway excavation shall conform to the lines, grades, and cross- sections shown on the Plans or established by the Engineer. If artifacts of historical or archaeological significance are encountered, temporarily stop excavation operations until directed by the Engineer. See Subsection 107.13.A . Roadway excavation includes the following: •Excavating, hauling, and placing or disposing of materials (not removed under another Contract Item) fro m wi thin the limits of areas designated in the Contract. •Excavating ditches (except channel excavation) and filling and/or plugging abandoned wells (both dug anddrilled) located within the Right- of-Way and construction easements according to Georgia Standard 9031H. •Removing paving, aggregates, and ballast not incorporated into the new work as a result of alignment shifts, grade changes, or reasons that may or may not be shown on the Plans. •Salvaging aggregates, paving, (only if designated on the Plans) and removed railroad ballast. •The Department claims salvaged materials unless the Engineer directs that materials be wasted. Dispose o f mater ials not salvaged. Stockpile salvaged materials on the Project unless other sites for stockpiling ar e s hown on the Plans. 205.1.01 Definitions General Provisions 101 through 150. 205.1.02 Related References A.Related Specifications
Secti on 202— Random Clearing and Grubbing
B.Related Documents General Provisions 101 through 150. 205.1.03 Submittals General Provisions 101 through 150. 192 192 192 192 192 192 192 192 192 192
205.2Materials
Define excavated material, regardless of its nature or composition, as “unclassified excavation” unless otherwise specified in the Plans. The Engineer will designate materials that are unsuitable. 205.2.01 Delivery, Storage, and Handling A.Disposal of Surplus Material Unless directed by the Engineer, do not waste excavated material until satisfying embankment and backfillrequirements, unless material is designated on the Plans as “Unsuitable for embankment or backfill construction.” Dispose of materials to be wasted according to Subsection 201.3.05.E and the following information: •Use suitable surplus material to widen embankments uniformly or to flatten fill slopes, or deposit the material in places on the Right- of-Way as directed by the Engineer. •Do not leave an unsightly pile of material that will damage abutting property or deposit material above the g rade of the adjacent roadway unless so directed by the Engineer. •Do not place the edge of a waste bank nearer than 10 ft. (3 m) from the top of a cut slope. Dispose of unsuitable and surplus materials unless they are used as fill for slopes, abandoned ditches, or other areas shown on the Plans. •Deposit unsuitable material excavated from ditches and do not allow it to remain within 3 ft (1 m) of the d itch edge. Spread material neatly in level, uniform layers. •Use suitable materials from ditches for constructing roadway embankments unless otherwise directed by the Engineer. B.Waste Disposal Areas When unable to dispose of unsuitable or surplus excavation material on the Right- of-Way, dispose of it in the following areas: 1.Disposal Areas Shown on Plans Check disposal areas shown on the Plans. They may or may not be adjacent to the Right- of-Way. When shown on the Plans, the Department will obtain Right- of-Way or easement to permit disposal of material. The Plans contain the amounts of royalties and the conditions for the acquiring of the was te eas ement. When the Department furnishes the waste areas, and the Engineer provides measurements of the area used, do the following: a.Promptly pay royalties to the owners of waste pits. b.Meet other conditions agreed to with the owners. c.Submit to the Engineer a written statement signed by the owner stating that the owner has been paid i n ful l and the agreed conditions, including proper draining and final clean- up, have been fulfilled to the o wner’s satisfaction before receiving final payment from the Department. The Department will not make separate payment for these costs of acquisition.If the property owner is not paid within 60 days after the Engineer has furnished the measurement, the D epartment may pay the property owner directly any amounts due, and deduct it from funds due the C ontractor. This provision does not affect the obligation of the Contractor under his bond or the rights of the property owner or the Department under the bond. In case of dispute between the Contractor and the Department, the Chief Engineer will make the final and conclusive decision. When disposal areas are shown on the Plans and are elected to be used, comply with the terms of the option before resorting to other areas. 193 193 193 193 193 193 193 193 193 193
When waste disposal areas are not shown on the Plans, obtain suitable disposal areas at no expense to the Department. Exercise the right to sell or otherwise dispose of the surplus material in these cases. (See Subsection 107.22 and Subsection 107.23.)
Reclaim disposal areas according to Section 160.
205.3Construction Requirements
205.3.01 Personnel General Provisions 101 through 150. 205.3.02 Equipment General Provisions 101 through 150. 205.3.03 Preparation General Provisions 101 through 150. 205.3.04 Fabrication General Provisions 101 through 150. 205.3.05 Construction Perform roadway excavation according to the Plans, and all of the requirements of this Subsection.
cuts.
Construct serrated slopes as follows:
The pay line is the template line or the final staked cross - section slope line. The Department will not make additional measurement or payment for constructing serrated slopes.
to the roadway grade.
194 194 194 194 194 194 194 194 194 194
B.Constructing Non- serrated Slopes Construct non- serrated slopes by leaving the front and back slopes in a roughened condition to provide a seed bed for temporary or permanent grassing operations. C.Erosion and Siltation Control Take the measures necessary throughout the Project to control erosion and to prevent silting of rivers, streams, and impoundments. Construct drainage facilities and perform all other construction work that contributes to erosion and siltation control in conjunction with earthwork operations as required by Section 161. D.Rock Excav ation Remove rock and dispose of it as shown on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer. Transition any flattening of a cut slope already begun when rock is encountered to ensure the cut has a pleasing appearance. Use the presplitting technique to reduce overbreakage and to establish a free surface or shear plane in the rock along the cut periphery or proposed break lines. •Presplit a periphery plane to the excavation depth before blasting within the plane. •Conduct the presplitting process by drilling appropriately sized holes at intervals that will ensure a neat b reak, to the desired depth, along the plane of the proposed cut. Load and stem the holes with an ap propriate light charge explosive, and detonate the explosives simultaneously. •Allow an 18 in. (450 mm) offset in the slope to begin succeeding drilling operations when the depth of the cut is more than can be drilled from the top. Create a relatively smooth shear plane as indicated in the Plans with localized irregularities that do not exceed 2 ft. (600 mm) behind or 1 ft. (300 mm) in front (roadway side) of the plane surface. Do not presplit slopes fl atter than 1:1. 1.Overbreakage Material that is excavated beyond or below the cross -section shown on the Plans or designated will be at the C ontractor’s expense, except unavoidable overbreakage in solid rock. The allowable overbreakage is a maxi mum of 2 ft. (600 mm) below or outside the original template lines. Backfill to replace material removed below the limits specified at no expense to the Department. 2.PrecautionsSee Use of Explosives in Subsection 107.12 . 3.R ock and Boulders Handle rock and boulder excavation as follows:a.Excavate solid rock and boulders in the roadbed to at least 1 ft (300 mm) below the finished subgrad e el evation and backfill the space to the correct grade with suitable subgrade material. b.Leave the side slopes of rock cuts with uniform faces whether or not the excavation is carried beyond the sp ecified side slope . c .Remove loose rock on cut slopes immediately after blasting. d.Place stones, broken rock, and boulders found within the construction limits and not required for other construction, into embankment slopes when possible. 4.Ensure that sloped surfaces conform to the typical section shown on the Plans or to natural cleavage planescompatible with the typical section. Leave sloped surfaces safe and natural looking. E.Unsuitable Material Excavation The Engineer may require unsuitable material be removed from its location. 1.Remove material and backfill with properly compacted approved material. 2.Undercut material to the depth shown on the Plans or established by the Engineer in cut areas where the mater ial is not suitable for subgrades or shoulders. Backfill the area with suitable material. 3.Excavate unsuitable material in roadway cuts and dispose of the material as directed by the Engineer. 195 195 195 195 195 195 195 195 195 195
The Department will not designate the unsuitable material excavation as a separate Pay Item unless specifically designated on the Plans, but will pay for it as “Roadway Excavation—Unclassified.” F.Obliteration of Old Roads Obliterate old roads or other areas by completing the following work as directed by the Engineer: •Obliterate discontinued roads or other areas inside or outside the Project construction limits. •Grade, scarify, plow, and harrow obliterated areas. The Department will pay for excavation (other than that necessary for finishing and dressing) as “roadway excavation—unclassified.” Follow this procedure to obliterate the road: 1.Fill old ditches and grade the roadway after the old road is no longer needed for traffic. Restore the originalcontour of the ground an d produce a surface of naturally rounded slopes. 2.Use borrow required for the new roadway from fills in the old road (where feasible). 3.Place surplus and waste material from the new roadway in cuts in the old road (where feasible). 4.Break down and remove or bury old structures not required to maintain drainage flow. Remove and stor e mater ial with salvage value, or use it in the new construction. 5.Scarify, harrow, and smooth the old surface. Re-grass disturbed areas or establish a vegetative coveraccording to Section 160 or Section 700 as applicable. G.Surcharge Removal Remove and properly dispose of materials placed as surcharge for consolidation or other purposes. 1.Waste the material removed or use it for other purposes as specified on the Plans or in the Special Provisions. 2.Provide other areas for disposal if adequate areas are not available for disposing of excess surcharge withi n the Right- of-Way. H.Use of Select Materials Conserve and use excavated materials suitable for subgrade, shoulder construction, plant topsoil, blanket for fill slopes, or other purposes as directed by the Engineer according to Subsection 104.06 . 1.R eserve suitable material by either leaving it in its original position or stockpiling it as directed by the Engineer. 2.Haul select materials directly from the excavation area to the final placement area whenever possible. Do no t st ockpile materials unless specifically directed. The Department will again pay for “roadway excavation—unclassified,” which includes necessary hauling and placement, when the material is removed from the stockpile. I.Final Finishing of Roadway After excavation has been completed use the following procedure to finish the roadway: 1.Shape the surface of the roadbed and slopes to reasonably true grade alignment and cross -section shown o n the Plans or established by the Engineer. Finish according to Section 209 . 2.Leav e cut slope surfaces in rock reasonably uniform and remove loose overhanging rock. 3.Openal l ditches, drains, and culverts constructed to effectively drain the roadway. The Department will make no separate payment for finishing done under this Section. Include the work in the co st of the roadway excavation. 4.Maintain the excavated areas until final acceptance of the Project. 205.3.06 Quality Acceptance General Provisions 101 through 150. 205.3.07 Contractor Warranty and Mai ntenance General Provisions 101 through 150. 196 196 196 196 196 196 196 196 196 196
205.4Measurement
Original ground surface measurements will be obtained using conventional methods, photogrammetric means, or a combination of these methods. The Engineer will determine the method(s) and time when the measurements are to be taken for each Project. The volume of Roadway Excavation- Unclassified, authorized and accepted by the Engineer, will be computed by the method of average end areas, or other acceptable means, using the original ground surface, the final ground surface, cross- section, or approved templates. The final ground surface will be obtained from conventional field measurements, as -built templates, photogrammetric means, or a combination of these methods. The Engineer will determine the method(s) to be used on each Project. The measurement will include: •Overbreakage and slides in roadway excavation, unless they are caused by Contractor negligence •Authorized excavation of rock or unsuitable material below template grade •Material re- excavated from stockpiles and used in construction as directed by the Engineer •Surcharge removal Excavation outside of staked lines and slopes will never be measured for payment unless ordered or approved by the Engineer. Ditch excavation will be measured as specified in paragraph one, above. Retaining wall construction will be measured to the back and bottom of the select material backfill or footing as the Engineer determines. Any exception outside these lines by the Grading Contractor to provide stable slopes and positive drainage will not be measured and will be considered incidental to the work. Filling or plugging abandoned wells will not be measured for payment but all costs shall be included in the price bid for Roadway Excavation when Item 205 is shown as a pay item. Otherwise all costs shall be included in the overall contract bid price. Removing paving, aggregates, and ballasts will be measured and included in the computations for roadway excavation when Section 205 is shown as a pay item (unless those items are shown in the Plans as a separate pay item). 205.4.01 Limits General Provisions 101 through 150.
205.5Payment
Removing paving, aggregates, and ballast will be paid for at the Contract Price bid per cubic yard (meter) when Item 205 is shown as a Pay Item, unless the items are shown in the Plans as a separate Pay Item. The Department will withhold a percentage of the progress payments for the estimated quantity of earthwork (not to exceed 5 percent) until final dressing, subgrade construction, and satisfactory disposal of unsuitable or surplus materials is completed. This percentage withheld shall be in addition to that specified in Subsection 109.07. The Contract Price per cubic yard (meter) for “roadway excavation—unclassified” will be paid for quantities of excavation measured according to Subsection 205.4. Payment is full compensation for •Excavating, hauling, placing, and compacting excavated material. •Removing, loading, hauling, stockpiling as designated, and sawing pavement when payment is included underItem 205. •Pre-splitting rock, disposing of unsuitable or surplus materials, excavating, shaping, disposing of unsatisfactory excavated materials, maintaining ditches (except channel excavation specified in Section 204),constructing subgrades and shoulders, and finishing, dressing, and maintaining the work until FinalAcceptance. Payment will be made under: 197 197 197 197 197 197 197 197 197 197
Item No. 205 Unclassified excavation Per cubic yard (meter) 205.5.01 Adjustments General Provisions 101 through 150. 198 198 198 198 198 198 198 198 198 198
Section 20 6—Borrow Excavation
206.1General Description
This w ork includes: •Excavating material from borrow areas or pits outside the Project Right- of-Way •Hauling and using the material as required on the Plans or directed by the Engineer •Stripping, excavating, and disposing of unsuitable material from borrow areas. See Subsection 107.22 and Subsection 107.23 206.1.01 Definitions General Provisions 101 through 150. 206.1.02 Related References
ection 107— Legal Regulations and Responsibility to the Publi c S ection 160— Reclamation of Material Pits and Waste Areas
ection 208— EmbankmentsS ection 209— Subgrade Construction 206.1.03 Submi ttals The E ngineer’s approval of borrow pits will be subject to the requ iremen ts of Subsection 107.23.C – Environmental Clearance of Local Material or Disposal Sites. Give the E ngineer sufficient notice to perf orm nec essary inv estigations, mea surements, s taking, and ac tions required in Subsection 206.3.05.A and Subsection 107.23.C . Working in the pit bef ore rec eiving the following a pprovals m ay result in rejection of the borrow pit without p ayment: •Approval for e nvironm ental considerations and m aterial acc eptability •Appr oval from pit inv estig ation, c ross sec tioning, and s taking
206.2Materials
Perform work using emba nkment m aterials th at meet the requiremen ts in Secti on 208. Do not use material th at con tains roots or stumps. The E ngineer will a pprove borrow excavation m aterials. Use selected borrow of Class IIB3 or b etter when specified for subgrade co nstruction or other uses (unless otherwise stated in the Plans or the P roposal). 206.2.01 Deliv ery, Storage, and Handling Before obtai ning m aterial f rom borrow areas, use material to co nstruct the emba nkment th at is excavated from within the slopes takes, or stockpile the m aterial for t opping out the roadbed (unless otherwise direc ted by the E ngineer). 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199
206.3Construction Requirements
206.3.01 Personnel General Provisions 101 th rough 150. 206.3.02 Equipment Ensure th at equipment and m ethods used in borrow pits prod uce the following r esults: •Variouss trata, pockets, or accumulations of different types of m aterial are excavated and used in the c orrect proportions and se quence . •M aterial is used to produce borrow or selec ted borro w with the best possible grad ation and s tability within th e s pecified ra nge. •Material is excavated uniformly to facilitate mea suremen t. 206.3.03 Preparation General Provisions 101 th rough 150. 206.3.04 Fabrication General Provisions 101 th rough 150. 206.3.05 Construction A.Genera l The Department will investigate and take necessary actions to satisfy requirements of Section 106 of the National Historical Preservation Act. B.Clearing and Grubbing Clear and grub borrow pits as necessary bef ore removing borrow m aterial as specif ied in Secti on 106 and Secti on 202. C.Draining Pits Prevent w ater from standing in the pits unless the E ngineer d etermines not to drain the pit . L eave slopes presen table. Machine slope the bottom of the excavated area to sm ooth the surfaces suitable fo r reveg etation. T he Department will not measure for payment ditch excavation for draining borrow pits. The bid price for borrow excavation shall include this work.
Dispose of m aterial unsuitable for emba nkments such as ston e, broken rock, boulders, and other material fo und i n t he borrow pits . 1.D ispose of the material in a manner satisfactory to the Engineer and at no expense to the Department. 2.Do not leave piles of unsightly material in pits with or without the consent of the property owner. 3.Dispose of waste materials according to Subsection 201.3.05.E. 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200
E.Reclamation Leave borrow pits or waste dis posal areas presen table. Reclaim th em acc ording to Secti on 160 un less exemp ted by Subsection 160.1 . Develop boundary slopes of reclaimed areas and grade th em to 3:1 slopes or flatter. 206.3.06 Quality Acceptance General Provisions 101 through 150. 206.3.07 Contractor Warranty and Maintenance General Provisions 101 th rough 150.
206.4Measurement
The quan tity of borrow and selec ted borro w is mea sured in its original position by the m ethod of average end areas or other acc eptable mea ns. When designated in the Pla ns, selec ted borro w may be mea sured by volume of the hauling vehicle acc ording to Secti on 109. The following will have no paymen t: •Material excavated before the orig inal surface of the pit is obtai ned by the E ngineer •Materials excavated for m aintaining the w ork •M aterials excavated that run out of the emba nkment on a flatter slope th an ind icated on the c ross-section shown o n the Plans or established by the E ngineer •Unsuitable m aterial excavated from the borrow ar ea and not used on the roadway The Department will mea sure original and final ground surfaces by co nventional field or photogramm etric or other methods, as determined by the E ngineer. 206.4.01 L imits General Provisions 101 through 150.
206.5Payment
The provisions of Section 106 apply to borrow pits. The Department will not pay for the following: •Delays caused by fulfilling the requirements of Section 106 or costs involved if the borrow pit is rejected •Work done to provide or improve access or haul roads to borrow pits (except when specifically stated in the Proposal) The prices bid for borrow excavation shall include this cost. The quantities of borrow and selected borrow are measured as described in Subsection 206.4 and will be paid for at the Contract Price per cubic yard (meter). This is full compensation for excavating, hauling, placing, and compacting the material according to the plans and specifications and for draining and dressing the borrow area. Borrow material furnished at no cost (no royalty) to the Contractor is “borrow excavation.” If royalties must be paid for material shown on the plans as a possible source of borrow, or if the source of borrow must be furnished, the Bid Item is “borrow excavation including material.” The same criteria applies to selected borrow. 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201
Payment will be made under: Item No. 206 Borrow excavation Per cu bic yard ( meter) Item No. 206 Borrow excavation, including material Per cubic yard ( meter) Item No. 206 Selected borrow excavation Per cubic yard ( meter) Item No. 206 Selected borrow excavation, including material Per cubic yard ( meter) 206.5.01 Adjustments General Provisions 101 th rough 150. 202 202 202 202 202 202 202 202 202 202