881Fabrics

881.1General Description

This section includes the requirements for the following fabrics: • Plain cotton duck • Rubber-impregnated cotton duck • Burlap and cotton bags • Plastic filter fabric • Pavement reinforcement fabric • Silt fence filter fabric 881.1.01 Related References

Federal Specification CCC-C 419 Type III ASTM D 36 ASTM D 146 ASTM D 412 ASTM D 1777 ASTM D 3786 ASTM D 4355 ASTM D 4632, GRAB ASTM D 4751 ASTM D 4833 GDT 87 GDT 88 GDT 95 QPL 28 QPL 36 QPL 40 QPL 47 1692 1692 1692

881.2Materials

881.2.01 Plain Cotton Duck

General Provisions 101 through 150.

General Provisions 101 through 150.

General Provisions 101 through 150. 881.2.02 Rubber-Impregnated Cotton Duck

impregnated and bound with high quality natural rubbe

perpendicular to the plane of the laminations. Ensure the pad does not extrude or harmfully reduce in thickness.

General Provisions 101 through 150.

General Provisions 101 through 150.

General Provisions 101 through 150. 881.2.03 Burlap Bags

Use burlap bags made of at least 95 percent jute and manila fibers. Use burlap weighing 8 to 18 oz/10 ft.² (250 to 550 g/m²). Use bags with a capacity of 1 to 2 ft.³ (0.03 to 0.06 m³).

General Provisions 101 through 150.

General Provisions 101 through 150.

General Provisions 101 through 150. 1693 1693 1693

881.2.04 Cotton Bags

General Provisions 101 through 150.

General Provisions 101 through 150.

General Provisions 101 through 150. 881.2.05 Plastic Filter Fabric

least 85 percent by weight of propylene, ethylene, amide, ester, or vinylidene chloride. Use a sheet of plastic yarn containing stabilizers and/or inhibitors added to the base plastic to make the filaments resistant to deterioration due to ultra-violet and/or heat exposure.

Woven Fabrics Tensile strength (any direction) 200 lbs. (890 N) minimum Bursting strength 500 psi (3.5 MPa) minimum Elongation before breaking 10% to 35% Percent open area 4.0% to 6.5% Non-woven Fabrics Puncture resistance 30 lbs. (135 N) minimum Grab tensile strength 65 lbs. (290 N) minimum Grab elongation 40% minimum Flow rate [H from 3 to 1 in. (75 to 25 mm)] 50 gal/min/ ft.² (34 liters/second/m²) (minimum) to 350 gal/ min/ft.² (240 liters/second/m²) (maximum)

1694 1694 1694

cement or heat. Either have the fabric bound or sewn at the point of manufacture or at a location approved by the Engineer.

You may bond or sew fabric together to form sections at least 6 ft. (1.8 m) wide for use under rip rap or behind retaining walls.

General Provisions 101 through 150.

Test according to the following: Test Method Puncture resistance ASTM D 4833 Tensile strength, elongation, grab strength ASTM D 4632 Bursting strength ASTM D 3786 Percent open area GDT 88 Flow rate GDT 87

QPL 47 for acceptable Geocomposite wall drains.

Wrap fabric in burlap or similar heavy duty protection during shipment and storage to protect it from mud, dirt, dust, and debris. 881.2.06 Pavement Reinforcement Fabric

Type I and Type II Pavement Reinforcement Fabric

• Is non-woven, heat-resistant material composed of polypropylene or polyester fibers • Can be saturated with asphalt cement • Can be placed smooth with mechanical devices and be without wrinkles • Can withstand the heat of asphaltic concrete mixes during paving operations • Can withstand normal field handling and construction operations without damage • Meets the following physical requirements. The bid item or plans will indicate which type of fabric is required for a project. 1695 1695 1695

Type I Type II Tensile strength, minimum 90 lbs. (400 N) 125 lbs. (555 N) Elongation at break 40% min., 100% max. 40% min., 100% max. Asphalt retention, minimum 0.18 gal/yd² (0.8 L/m²) 0.28 gal/yd² (1.3 L/m²)

meets this specification. Submit the certificate according to Subsection 106.05, Materials Certification.

has been used successfully in installations with similar environmental and project conditions. • For a list of sources, see QPL 40. High Strength Pavement Reinforcement Fabric

• Is a flexible, water-resistant, high-density asphaltic membrane laminated between two layers of high strength, heat resistant polypropylene or polyester fabric. • Can be placed smooth with mechanical devices and be without wrinkles. • Can withstand the heat of asphaltic concrete mixes during paving operations. • Can withstand normal field handling and construction operations without damage. • Has a self-adhesive backing adhered to a film release liner. • Meets the following physical requirements. The bid item or plans will indicate which type of fabric is required for a Project. Width, minimum 18 in. (450 mm) Tensile strength, minimum 1,800 lbs./in.2 (12 MPa) Elongation 20% to 50% Softening Point (Asphaltic membrane), minimum 190 0F (87 0C) Caliper 0.135 inch (3.43 mm) 95% retained after loading Pliability (Cold Flex) 2” (50 mm) X 5” (125 mm) specimen, condition specimen at 0 0F (-18 0C ) for 1 hour, 1800 bend on 2” (50 mm) mandrel No Separation

meets this specification. Submit the certificate according to Subsection 106.05, Materials Certification.

has been used successfully in installations with similar environmental and Project conditions. • For a list of sources, see QPL 40. 1696 1696 1696

General Provisions 101 through 150.

Type I and Type II Pavement Reinforcement Fabric Test according to the following: Test Method Tensile strength ASTM D 4632 Grab Elongation ASTM D 4632 Grab Asphalt retention GDT 95 High Strength Pavement Reinforcement Fabric Test according to the following: Test Method Tensile strength ASTM D 412 Elongation ASTM D 412 Softening Point ASTM D 36 Caliper ASTM D 1777 Pliability (Cold Flex) ASTM D 146

General Provisions 101 through 150. 881.2.07 Silt Fence Filter Fabric

woven fabric, the fabric may have slit tape yarns in one direction (warp or fill) only.

NOTE: Approved fabrics must consistently exceed the minimum requirements of this specification as verified by the Office of Materials and Research. If a fabric is removed from the Qualified Products List, do not use it in the work until the Department has reestablished the product’s acceptability. 1697 1697 1697

• Has strong rot-proof synthetic fibers formed into either a woven or non-woven fabric • Has no treatment or coating that might significantly alter its physical properties after installation • Contains stabilizers and/or inhibitors to make the filaments resistant to deterioration resulting from exposure to sunlight or heat • Makes a pervious sheet of synthetic fibers oriented into a stable network so that the fibers retain their relative position with respect to each other under normal handling, installation, and service conditions • Has finished fabric edges to prevent the outer yarn from pulling away from the fabric • Has no defects or flaws that would significantly affect its physical and/or filtering properties • Meets the following physical or dimensional requirements: Type Fence A B C Minimum tensile strength, pounds (newtons) (1) Warp – 120 (530) Fill – 100 (445) Warp – 120 (530) Fill – 100 (445) Warp– 260 (1155) Fill – 180 (800) Elongation (% Max.) 40 40 40 Apparent opening size (max. sieve size) No. 30 (600 um) No. 30 (600 um) No. 30 (600 um) Flow rate, gal/ min./ft.² (L/min./m²) 25 (1015) 25 (1015) 70 (2850) Ultraviolet stability (2) 80 80 80 Bursting strength, psi (kPa) 175 (1200) 175 (1200) 175 (1200) Minimum fabric width 36 in. (914 mm) 22 in. (559 mm) 36 in. (914 mm)

The fabric may be manufactured with pockets for posts, hems with cord, or with posts pre-attached using staples or button head nails. Ensure the fabric has the manufacturer’s name and product trade name labeled on the fabric at a minimum of 25 ft. (7.6 m) intervals. Ensure the fabric has a color yarn mark in the fabric 14 inches (355 mm) ± 0.5 inch (12 mm)

from both top and bottom ends for Type A and C and 8 inches (203 mm) ± 0.5 inch (12 mm) from both top and

bottom ends for Type B fabric. 169816981698

Test according to the following:

Test Method

Tensile strength ASTM D 4632

Elongation ASTM D 4632

Apparent opening size ASTM D 4751

Flow Rate GDT 87

Ultraviolet stability ASTM D 4632 (after 300 hours weathering according to ASTM D 4355)

Bursting strength ASTM D 3786, Diaphragm Bursting Strength Tester

Wrap fabric in a heavy-duty protective covering during shipment and storage to protect it from mud, dirt, dust and

debris.

Do not expose fabric to temperatures greater than 140 o F (60 o C).

881.2.08 Filter Fabric for Embankment Stabilization

See Special Provision.. 1699 1699 1699