402.01 Description
This work is the furnishing and applying bituminous materials, on bases and surfacing.
402.02 Materials
Furnish bituminous materials meeting Section 702 and the contract requirements.
402.03 Construction Requirements
Mix and apply bituminous material meeting the applicable requirements in Sections 401, 407, 409, and 410.
402.03.1 Materials Source
Obtain the Project Manager’s approval of the bituminous source before delivering the material to the project. Do not change the source of supply once work has started, without the Project Manager’s written approval.
402.03.2 Sampling
A.General. Take bitumen samples, other than products accepted under quality assurance, at the point of delivery on the project. The Contractor or designated representative is responsible for sampling the bituminous materials on the project in accordance with MT 302. Drain off and discard at least 1 gallon (3.8 L) of the bituminous material before drawing samples. Draw 2 one-quart (0.9 L) samples from each shipment, witnessed by the Project Manager. Submit both samples for testing. One sample will be tested, and the 2nd sample will be retained for use in accordance with Subsection 702.02. Equip all transport vehicles with a spigot or gate valve in the unloading line, or in the tanker at the centerline of the tank, or in the pressure line from the unloading pump, or at another approved location. The spigot or gate valve diameter must be between ⅜ and ¾-inch (9.5 and 19 mm). Locate the spigot or valve to prevent plant dust or other sample contamination.
B.Asphalt Sampling (Quality Assurance Sampling). Sample asphalt cement for plant mix surfacing and base and plant mix seal course using a sampling device located in the line between the storage facilities and the mixing plant. Provide a sample of the asphalt cement entering the mixing plant. One approved in- line sampling device is shown in AASHTO T 40. Place the samples in Department furnished containers. Give the samples to the Project Manager immediately after sampling. The Project Manager will randomly designate the time of sampling based on the tons (MT) of asphalt cement incorporated into the completed mix produced. The approximate quantity of asphalt cement represented by each sample is 25 tons (25 MT). The Project Manager may require additional samples and testing. Six samples represent approximately 150 tons (150 MT) of asphalt cement and constitute a lot whenever production schedules or material continuity permit. The Project Manager may establish a lot consisting of the quantity represented by any number of consecutive random samples, from 3 to 7 inclusive, when necessary to represent short 402 – BITUMINOUS MATERIALS 2020 EDITION V5.1 402-2 production runs, significant material changes, or other unusual characteristics of the work.
402.03.3 Shipping
Ship the bituminous material in clean, uncontaminated, fully insulated cars or trucks, sealed by the supplier after loading.
402.03.4 Testing
Bituminous materials are accepted on the test results of samples selected and tested in accordance with Subsection 702.02 by the Department or its authorized representative.
402.03.5 Acceptance
A.General. Provide the Project Manager with a copy of the original bill of lading and a copy of the certificate of compliance, with each shipment. Ensure the certificate is signed by the supplier’s representative and attests that the bituminous material meets the Department’s specifications for the type and grade of material provided and that the shipping container was inspected and found free of contamination. The certificate of compliance is the basis for tentative material acceptance and use.
B.Failures. If a shipment of bituminous material fails to meet any one of the specifications, with test results within the allowable variation in Table 402-1 , the price reduction will be 10%. If a shipment fails to meet any one of the specifications with test results in excess of the allowable variation in Table 402-1 but less than twice the allowable variation, the price reduction will be 15%. If a shipment fails to meet any one of the specifications with test results in excess of twice the allowable variation in Table 402-1 but less than three times the allowable variation, the price reduction will be 25%. If a shipment fails to meet any one of the specifications with test results in excess of three times the allowable variation in Table 402-1, the Project Manager may reject the material and require its removal from the work, or the Project Manager may accept the material at a 50% price reduction. The cost of the bituminous material for calculating price reductions is the material’s contract unit price. The price reduction percentage will be based on the unit price bid for bituminous material when it is paid as a separate item or the invoice price when it is part of a bid item. If a shipment fails more than one of the specifications, the failure causing the largest percentage price reduction is assessed. 2020 EDITION V5.1 BITUMINOUS MATERIALS – 402 402-3 TABLE 402-1 SCHEDULE OF TOLERANCES Test Variation Remarks From Min. Specification Requirement From Max. Specification Requirement Penetration distillation residues -10% +10% % Residue from distillation -5% % of total distillate: 2 mL may be added or subtracted at any distillation temp. before calculating the % recovered Viscosity cutback asphalts emulsified asphalts -10% -5% +10% +25% Ductility -10% Flash test cutback asphalt -10% Particle charge NO TOLERANCE - Materials in violation of spec. and any aggregate used in conjunction with its use will, at the Project Manager’s discretion, be either rejected or paid for at a unit rate not to exceed 50% of the cost of the materials.
402.03.6 Loading and Application Temperatures
The Project Manager will designate the recommended application temperature ranges in accordance with Table 402-2. Do not heat bituminous mix any higher than is necessary for proper hauling and placing. Do not introduce aggregate into a mixer higher than 25 °F (14 °C) above the bituminous material temperature. Furnish the Project Manager with data on the temperature-viscosity relationship of each asphalt to be used on the project. The data must cover the recommended temperature range and viscosities at which the asphalt may be used. The Project Manager will use this data to specify the temperature at which the material will be used. 402 – BITUMINOUS MATERIALS 2020 EDITION V5.1 402-4 TABLE 402-2 RECOMMENDED APPLICATION TEMPERATURES FOR BITUMINOUS MATERIALS Liquid Asphalts - RC, MC and SC Grade Loading Temp. Max.1 °F (°C) Spraying Temperature Mixing Temp. of Aggregates for MC & SC Liquid Asphalts Min. °F (°C) Max. °F (°C) 70 195 (91) As required to achieve viscosity of 50-200 centistokes (25-100 Sec. Saybolt Furol)2 90 (32) 155 (68) 250 245 (118) 125 (52) 200 (93) 800 275 (135) 160 (71) 225 (107) 3000 310 (154) 200 (93) 260 (127) Emulsified Asphalts Grade Mixing Temperature Spraying Temperature Min. °F (°C) Max. °F (°C) Min. °F (°C) Max. °F (°C) slow and medium setting 50 (10) 130 (54) 50 (10) 130 (54) rapid setting 125 (52) 185 (85) 120 (49) 160 (71) Asphalt Cements Grade Mixing Temperature Spraying Temperature Max. °F (°C) all penetration grades established by Project Manager 350 (177) Notes:
1.Line temperatures
2.Temperature – viscosity charts provided by manufacturer
402.03.7 Alternate Type or Grade of Bituminous Materials
The Engineer may change or substitute, in writing, the type and grade of bituminous material specified. Payment for the changed or substituted bituminous material is the contract unit price for the type and grade of bituminous material plus or minus the difference in Contractor’s cost at the refinery between the specified and substitute type and grade.
402.03.8 Performance Graded Asphalt Binder (PGAB)
Furnish PGAB meeting Table 702-2 requirements and MSCR PGAB in accordance with Section 702 for the binder specified in the contract. PG 64-28, PG 64-34, and PG 70-28 binders, 2020 EDITION V5.1 BITUMINOUS MATERIALS – 402 402-5 after aging in the rolling thin film oven, and testing in accordance with AASHTO T 51 must meet the following: • Pull Rate: 2 inches per minute (5 cm per minute). • Sample Temperature: 77 °F (25 °C); and • Ductility: 1-foot (30 cm) minimum. Notify the Project Manager in writing before making changes to the PGAB components.
A.PGAB Shipping, Handling, and Storage. Ship, handle, and store the PGAB following the supplier’s requirements. Furnish a copy of the requirements before delivering the PGAB to the project. Ensure that the supplier’s requirements are consistent with the material manufacturers. PGAB exhibiting separation, crusting, or foaming during delivery or in storage tanks will be rejected.
B.Sampling. Sample the PGAB in accordance with Subsection 402.03.2(B) . A sample is 2 one-pint (two 500 mL) containers of PGAB.
C.Acceptance. The Department will grade samples representing each lot in accordance with the PGAB grading system, and Table 702-2, with duplicate containers retained for testing in case of dispute. PGAB is accepted in accordance with Subsection 105.03.2 using an “F” factor of 4. The “P” value is determined for the high temperature components of the resulting grade (e.g., 64, 58, etc.) using the formula: P = (TL + aR - Xn) x F The “P” value is determined for the low temperature component of the resulting grade (e.g., -34, -28, etc.) using the formula: P = (Xn + aR - Tu) x F Positive “P” value is added to determine the lot’s total price reduction. No disincentive will be assessed for “P” values less than 13, based upon the Department’s initial grading. This disincentive exclusion in “P” value will not be applied to averaged results described below. If the calculation results in a price reduction (“P” value of 13 or greater), the Contractor may make a written request for an independent laboratory to grade the duplicates for the lot in question. Ensure the Department receives the written request within 30 calendar days of the notification of price reduction. The Contractor and the Department will agree upon the choice of independent laboratory before release of the duplicate samples for testing. The independent laboratory results will be averaged with the results provided by the Department. The averaged results are binding on both parties for acceptance and payment of the material in question. The “P” value will be calculated based upon the averaged results, with no exclusion allowed for results less than 13. Pay the cost of the duplicate testing, on a per lot basis, if the price reduction is confirmed or increased. The Department will pay the cost of the duplicate testing, on a per lot basis, if the price reduction is reduced. The ductility requirement has no tolerance. Immediately stop paving if the binder fails the ductility requirement. Do not start paving until binder meeting the specifications is furnished. 402 – BITUMINOUS MATERIALS 2020 EDITION V5.1 402-6
402.03.9 Fog Seal and Tack Coat Residual
Furnish and apply emulsified asphalt in accordance with Table 402-3. TABLE 402-3 MINIMUM RESIDUAL FOR EMULSIFIED ASPHALT Bid Item Materials Allowed Minimum Diluted Residue 1 Undiluted Shot Rate Tack Coat 3 SS-1h, CSS-1h 28.5% 0.05 gal/sy 2 Fog Seal over chip seal over rumble strips 0.075 gal/sy 0.05 gal/sy 2 Note 1: If diluted, as tested out of the distributor, as applied. Note 2: Apply a double shot of emulsion on concrete surfaces and over rumble strips. Note 3: When placing tack coat for microsurfacing operations, CQS-1h may also be used. The contractor may dilute the material as needed to achieve the required undiluted shot rate. Notify the Project Manager of any dilution and the percentage before applying the material. Ensure the dilution rate, if applicable, is indicated on the bill of lading and/or certificate of compliance. When fog sealing a chip sealed surface, if the material will be diluted, furnish emulsion that has been diluted at the supplier. When applying tack coat, meet all requirements of Subsection 407.03 other than the dilution and shot rate requirements. When a double shot of emulsion is called for in the contract, apply 2 applications at the minimum rate specified above. Ensure the first shot is cured prior to applying the second. The minimum undiluted residue is applicable to each shot. If an undiluted emulsion is applied, one shot at twice the minimum rate may be used if approved by the Project Manager.
402.04 Method of Measurement
Bituminous material is measured by the gallon (L) or the ton (MT), as specified in the contract. If measured by the gallon (L), the volume of bituminous material is determined at a temperature of 60 °F (15.6 °C) or corrected to this using the appropriate group table designated in the ASTM D1250 volume correction tables. Transport bituminous materials measured by the gallon (L) in tanks certified as to capacity. Provide a measuring rod and calibration card with each tank. Railroad tank cars must have available inage and outage tables and dome capacity charts. When measured by the ton (MT), the bituminous material weight is measured on scales furnished by the supplier or on public scales close to the source. Weigh each transporting vehicle for bituminous materials, other than railroad tank cars, empty and loaded. The weight difference is used for computing the tonnage (metric tonnage). Furnish an approved scale that can weigh the transporting unit in an unbroken operation. Test and seal the scales at Contractor expense when directed. For plant mix operations, the bituminous material may be weighed by the plant scales, if approved. 2020 EDITION V5.1 BITUMINOUS MATERIALS – 402 402-7 If railroad tank cars transport the bituminous materials, the railroad car weights may be used for computing the weight of bituminous material, if the loaded cars are weighed over track scales. The stenciled tare on the car used for determining the net weight is subject to verification. Use flow rate meters in accordance with Subsection 401.03.12, to measure the material. Document meter readings by invoices. The Project Manager may take tank stabs for verification purposes.
402.05 Basis of Payment
Payment for the completed and accepted quantities is made under the following: Pay Item Pay Unit Bituminous Material Gallon (L) or Ton (MT) Payment includes all costs to furnish, deliver, heat, haul, and apply the bituminous material. For plant mix operations, the maximum volume of bituminous material eligible for payment on a shift basis is the target bituminous content plus 0.3%.
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Source: Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2020 (v5.1) Edition. Pages 249–256 of 611. View official source ↗