- 160 - SECTION 304 -- EARTH SHOULDER CONSTRUCTION
304.01 Description
The Contractor shall complete the following requirements under the "Earth Shoulder Construction" bid item:
1.Furnish and excavate the embankment material. 2. Haul, compact, blade, and shape the material to conform to the contract’s typical cross sections and compaction requirements.
3.Construct embankments as necessary to adjust the grade line of intersecting roads and driveways to meet the elevation of the new shoulder surfaces.
304.02 Material Requirements
1.The Contractor shall be required to obtain and furnish material unless otherwise shown in the contract.
2.Soils shall meet the require ments described in Section 205.
304.03 Construction Methods
1.The Contractor shall construct earth shoulders in accordance with the requirements of Sections 201 and 205.
2.When the final elevation of the traveled way is different from the elevation of intersecting roads and driv eways, the Contractor shall adjust the grade line of intersecting roads and dr iveways to meet the elevation of the new surfaces. The existing grade line will be adjusted 5 feet horizontally for each inch (2 m horizontally for each 35 mm) of vertical change in the surfacing elevation.
3.During shoulder constr uction, the embankments shall be adequately drained to prevent dam age to the pavement structure.
4.Shoulder materials shall not be placed along the traveled way more than 15 days ahead of their intended use. The shoulder material may be placed near the edge of pavement over night provided it is graded and compacted in a manner so that a vehicle can drive safely over it.
5.The Contractor shall construc t shoulders to the typical cross sections shown in the contract.
a.The shoulder shall be tight bladed using a motorgrader to remove any vegetation. The underlying subgrade shall be scarified to a depth of 6 inches (150 mm) and then compacted with at least two complete coverages over the area with an approved roller.
b.Shoulder construction shall match the existing width and fill slope or plan section widths, whichever is widest.
6.Earth Shoulders (Asphaltic Concrete Surfacing) a. When a beveled edge is required and installed in accordance with contract, the earth shouldering shall begin and be completed within the following time limits:
1.The latest the Contractor shall begin "Earth Shoulder Construction" is the eighth calendar da y of placement of the top layer of asphalt pavement. Earth Shoulder C onstruction 304.03 - 161 - (i) The Engineer will suspend the Contractor's asphalt placement operation if shoulder construc tion is not started within this time.
2.Should the Contractor discontinue asphaltic concrete placement, shoulder construction shall begin by the sixth calendar day after the Contractor stopped asphalt placement . The Contractor shall complete the shoulder work in the areas paved within 10 working days.
3.Shoulder work will not be considered to have started until soils are placed, graded, and compacte d for at least 1,500 feet (500 m).
4.After the entire top layer of asphalt is placed, the Contractor has the time shown in Table 304.01 below to complete the shoulders: Table 304.01 Time Allowed to Complete Shoulders Length of Pavement miles (Kilometers) [Entire Project] Maximum Working Days Allowed to Complete Shoulder 0 to 3.0 (0 to 4.8) 8 More than 3.0 to 4.0 (4.8 to 6.4) 9 More than 4.0 to 5.0 (6.4 to 8.0) 10 More than 5.0 to 6.0 (8.0 to 9.7) 11 More than 6.0 to 7.0 (9.7 to 11.3) 12 More than 7.0 (11.3) 13* * 13 plus 1 day for every whole 2 miles of project length in excess of 7 miles.
b.Liquidated Damages: (1) If shoulder construction has not been started by the end of the eighth day of placem ent of the top pavement li ft, liquidated damages in the amount of $500 per calendar day will be assessed beginning on the ninth day. These liquidated damages will continue to be assessed until the Contractor starts shoulder construc tion. The Engineer may waive these liquidated damages because of weather and soil conditions.
2.Failure to complete earth shoulders within the described time limit shown in Paragraphs 6.a.(1) and 6.a.(4) of this Subsection, shall be cause for the assessment of liquida ted damages in the amount of $500 per calendar day until the earth shoulder s are completed. “Completion of the Earth Shoulders” shall be defined as the time when all of the required material has been placed, compacted, and the top surface shaped to the finish grade along the main traveled way.
3.The Engineer will exclude shoulder requirements for asphalt placed in urban areas, intersections and driveways, and minor isolated areas [less than 600 SY (500 m 2)] in the deter mination of the maximum number of working days to complete the shoulders shown in Table 304.01 and the determination of th e latest date the Contractor can start shoulder construction in Par agraph 6.b.(1) of this Subsection.
4.The assessment of all liquidated damages described in assessed in accordance with Subsection 108.08.
304.03 Earth Shoulde r Construction
- 162 - (5) When asphaltic concrete and earth shoulders are being placed on a multilane, divided highway, t he provisions of Paragraph 6 of this subsection shall be applied to each roadway separately.
c.If a beveled edge is not used – or is used but fails to eliminate a vertical drop off greater than 2 inch es – then the earth shouldering shall begin and be completed along those portions of roadway within the time limits listed in Paragraphs 6. a. and b. except that three (3) working or calendar days will be subtracted from all of the working or calendar day time limits.
1.The same liquidated damage values listed in Paragraph 6.
b.(1) will be applied if these reduced time limits are violated.
7.Placement and Compaction: a. The Contractor shall place embankment material in successive horizontal layers not ex ceeding 6 inches (150 mm) in depth before rolling. Each layer will extend the full width of the embankment and shall be leveled before compaction.
b.Each layer of embankment material shall be compacted with at least 2 complete coverages over the area with an approved multiple wheel, pneumatic-tired roller meeting the requirements of Subsection 205.03, Paragraph 14.c.(2).
c.Water may be added to the embankment material to facilitate compaction.
d.When the moisture content of the soil used in constructing shoulders is too high to allow rolling or to obtain satisfactory compaction, each layer shall be disced, harrowed, or otherwise manipulated to facilitate drying.
8.The Contractor shall correct any pavement damage that results from shoulder construction activities.
9.The Contractor shall clean t he surfaced areas with mechanical brooms before opening a lane to traffic. Mechanical brooms shall conform to the requirements of Section 501.
304.04 Method of Measurement
1.Each shoulder will be measured se parately in stations of 100 feet (100 m) without regard to width.
a.Stations shall be measured horizontally along the project centerline between the beginning and ending points.
b.Deductions will be made for all areas where shoulders are not required. Intersecting roads and driveways are not exceptions.
c.Additional length of shoulder construction due to intersection returns, tapers, curves, tangents, stubs, driveways, and other irregular areas shall be considered subsidiary to "Earth Shoulder Construction".
d.Shoulder construction will be measured without regard for the width or depth of the work.
2.Water applied at the direction of the Engineer will be measured in accordance with Subsection 302.04. Earth Shoulder C onstruction 304.05 - 163 - 304.05 -- Basis of Payment
1.Pay Item Pay Unit Earth Shoulder Construction Station (Sta) [Station (StaM)] Water 1,000 Gallons (MGAL) [ k i l o l i t e r ( k L ) ]
2.Preparing the shoulder by blad ing, scarifying, compacting, and disposing of removed material shall be considered subsidiary to "Earth Shoulder Construction".
3.Shoulder construction behind newly constructed curbs is paid for, but the material that is placed on top of the shoulder to make a smooth transition from the top of the new curb to the shoulder surface is subsidiary.
4.Embankment materials necessary to construct shoulders are subsidiary to shoulder construction.
5.Payment is full compensation for all work described in this Section. - 164 - SECTION 305 -- CRUSHED ROCK BASE COURSE
305.01 Description
1.The Contractor shall complete the following requirements under the “Crushed Rock for Base Course” and “Crushed Rock Screenings for Base Course” bid items:
a.Furnish, place, shape, and compact a course of crushed rock or crushed rock screenings on a profiled subgrade
305.02 Material Requirements
1.Crushed rock and crushed rock screenings for the crushed rock base course shall conform to the requirements of Subsection 1033.02, Paragraphs 1, 2, and 8; and Table 1033.09.
305.03 Construction Methods
1.The Contractor shall windrow the material to maintain uniform particle distribution. The Contractor sha ll exercise particular care in loading, hauling, and distributing the crushed rock to avoid segregation of the coarse and fine particles. Windrowing may be waived if the rock particle distribution is uniformly maintained.
2.The Contractor shall spread crushed rock screenings for the base course uniformly over the prepared subgrade and then moisten and compact them.
3.The crushed rock for base course shall then be hauled, distributed, spread, and compacted in such a manner as to avoid displacement of the underlying layer of screenings.
4.After the crushed rock has been placed on the roadbed, the Contractor shall spread it uniformly over the width of the proposed base course. Water shall be ap plied as necessary to facilitate compaction and bonding of the materials.
5.The Contractor shall roll t he Base Course until no further compaction can be obtained.
6.The Contractor shall spread a final light application of crushed rock screenings uniformly over the surface of the base course to close large voids and provide a smooth and uniform surface. The final finish of the base course shall be obtained by rolling wi th the multiple-wheeled, pneumatic- tired roller to produce a smooth, tightly-knit surface. Water shall be added as necessary to achieve the surface finish.
305.04 Method of Measurement
1.The weight of crushed rock will be measured on approved scales.
2.A copy of the weight ticket shall accompany each load to the placement site and be furnished to the Engineer.
3.Water applied will be measured in accordance with Subsection 302.04.
Source: Nebraska Standard Specifications for Highway Construction, 2017 Edition. Pages 194–197 of 1,048.