- 129 - SECTION 205 -- EXCAVATION AND EMBANKMENT
205.01 Description
1.Excavation and embankment work is usually enacted by four different pay items, "Excavation", "Excavation (Established Quantity)", "Excavation Borrow", and "Earthwork Measured in Embankment". The requirements for each pay item are described in Tables 205.01A and B. Table 205.01A Excavation/Embankment Pay Item Requirements Pay Items (See Notes 1, 2) Measured Quantity Established Quantity Work Description Code Excavation Excavation Borrow Excavation (EQ) Earthwork Measured in Embankment A X X B X X C X X X X D X X X X E X X X X F X X X X G X X X X H X X X X I X X X X J X X K X X L X X M X X X N X 1 Excavation borrow is only used when part or all of the embankment material must be obtained off-site. 2 Earthwork-Measured-in-Em bankment may be used when the project requires off-site borrow; it is also used on projects where all embankment soil is available on-site.
205.01 Excavation and Embankment
- 130 - Table 205.01B Work Description Code Work Description A Excavated and compacted soils are within the right-of-way limits. B Removing and disposing of excess material. C Excavation and embankment for inlet and outlet ditches needed for roadway drainage. D Excavation and embankment for changing and completing all channels. E Excavation and backfill at retaining walls, bridge abutments, and other structures. F Building, shaping, and sloping all embankments, roadbeds, cuts, fills, subgrades, shoulders, slopes, ditches, dikes, intersections, approaches, and private entrances in conformity with the alignment, grades, and typical cross sections shown in the contract. G Removal and disposal of unforeseen minor obstructions, (see Subsection 104.06), driveway culverts, foundations, structures, other protruding ob structions, and all materials encountered, including rock, boulders, earth and muck, except the removal of items for which direct payment is otherwise provided. H Stripping of all unsuitable materials that may overlie the acceptable materials and all excavating, stockpiling, loading, hauling, placing, compacting, and shaping necessary to construct the roadbed and embankments in reasonable conformity with the lines, grades, and typical cross sections shown in the contract. I The excavation or embankment necessary for the relaying and/or installation of driveway culvert pipes. J Obtaining soils from off-site borrow site, hauli ng soil to the location(s) designated in the contract, placing, compacting, and finish grading the soil to form the roadbed, embankments, and cuts shown in the contract. K Pay item is measured in the field for final payment. L Pay item is not field measured for final payment. M Quantities shown in the contra ct represent the volume of soil to be excavated. The Department applies a balance factor if embankments are constructed from this excavation. The embankment quantities will reflect this increase. N The contract quantities re present the volumes of the embankments and excavations as contract drawings. The Contractor must estimate a nd add to the contract quantities allowance for settlement, shrinkage, consolidation, waste, and other conditions to dete rmine the actual excavation volume. Excavation and Embankment 205.02 - 131 - 205.02 -- Material Requirements
1.Suitable Material:
a.The Contractor shall cons truct the roadbed and embankments of approved suitable material, and they shall not contain any logs, stumps, roots, sod, weeds, or other unsuita ble matter except as allowed in Subsection 202.02, see Paragraph 2.b.
b.Thoroughly disced and pulverized light sod may be deposited in the outer slope of embankments.
c.Sod, weeds, or other perishable unsuitable matter cannot be used in the embankment and shall be hauled to a waste site.
2.Stones or rocks larger than 3 inches (75 mm) in diameter may be used in the embankment if:
a.No stone pockets are formed. b. Voids are filled with small stones or earth. c. They are below the top 2 feet (600 mm) of the finished embankment surface.
3.The maximum size of rocks allowed in embankments is shown in Table 205.02. Table 205.02 Maximum Rock Diameters in Embankments Below the Top 2 Feet [600 mm] (By Class) Class I Class II Class III General* 12 Inches (300 mm) All Areas All Areas Diameter of Rock 8 Inches (200 mm) 8 Inches (200 mm) * Maximum diameter of rock within 10’ of the structure shall be no larger than 6”.
4.Shales and other materials that break down during compaction shall be wasted.
5.Frozen lumps of soil, snow, or ice shall not be placed in the embankment.
6.Frozen Layers:
a.Thin Frozen Layer. A thin soil layer that freezes during the construction of an embankment may remain provided that the layer:
i.had proper stiffness and moisture prior to freezing, (ii) can be readily broke up by a single pass of a tamping (sheepsfoot) roller or track mounted excavator, (iii) is thoroughly scarified into pieces having a single dimension of 3 inches or less, and a se cond dimension of 1/2 inch or less, and (iv) is not within 10 inches (measured vertically) of any thin frozen layer that was previously scarified and left in place.
205.02 Excavation and Embankment
- 132 - b. Thick Frozen layer. A soil layer that freezes during the construction of an embankment, but d oes not meet the Thin Frozen Layer requirements:
i.may remain in the embankment provid ed that the layer is thawed and has proper stiffness and moisture after thawing, or (ii) shall be completely removed from the embankment prior to placing any additional embankment material.
7.Borrow Site Approval:
a.When borrow is obtained from sites or waste excavation is placed at sites which are not shown in the contract, the Contractor shall submit details of his/her sites and the de tails and locations of the haul roads, including photocopies of either a USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Services (NRCS) aerial photograph or topographical map of the area, to the Department Construction Division for ro uting to the appropriate agencies for their approval.
b.It is anticipated that it ma y require 60 calendar days or more for the Contractor to obtain the necessa ry Nebraska State Historical Society and Nebraska Game and Parks Commission approvals. The Contractor will not be allowed to begin work at borrow or waste sites until the necessary approvals are obtained from those agenc ies. No extension of completion time will be granted due to any delays in securing approval of a borrow or disposal site.
c.Army Corps of Engineers' Approval:
1.The Contractor shall be responsible for obtaining Army Corps of Engineers' approval for proposed borrow and waste sites which are within the Army Corps of Engineers' area s of jurisdiction. If the site is not in the Corps' jurisdiction, the Contractor must obtain a letter from the Corps stating the site is not in their jurisdiction.
2.An aerial photo or a topographical map showing the precise location of the proposed borro w and waste sites shall be submitted to the Army Corps of Engineers at t he time their approval is requested.
3.The Contractor shall mail or FAX the request for borrow and/or waste site approval to one of the following locations:
i.Main Office (will fo rward to either Kearney or Wehrspan as appropriate):
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers R e g u l a t o r y B r a n c h
P.O. Box 5 Omaha, NE 68101-0005 FAX: (402) 221-4939 Phone: (402) 221-4211 Excavation and Embankment 205.03 - 133 - (ii) For work in Lancaster County and all counties along the Missouri River:
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Wehrspan Regulatory Office 8901 South 154th Street Omaha, NE 68138 FAX: (402) 896-0997 Phone: (402) 896-0723 (iii) All other counties:
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Regulatory Office 1430 Central Ave. S u i t e 4 Kearney, NE 68847 FAX: (308) 234-3342 Phone: (308) 234-1403
d.Material shall not be removed from borrow sites until preliminary cross sections and representative soil samples have been taken by the Engineer. The Contractor shall notify the Engineer a sufficient time in advance of the opening of any borrow si te so that cross sections may be taken.
e.Material shall be removed in a manner that will allow accurate final cross sections to be taken for determining the quantity of excavation. The surfaces of the borrow sites shall be bladed and shaped to drain as shown in the contract or as directed by the Engineer.
205.03 Construction Methods
1.The Contractor shall excava te, build, and shape the roadbed, embankments, and cuts as shown in the contract. Embankments shall be constructed so they are stable at all times.
2.Prewatering. When the mois ture content of the embankment material is too low and the Contractor elects to add water to the material before it is excavated, this work shall be performed in accordance with the following requirements:
a.The Contractor shall make sufficient borings, at no additional cost to the Department, in the excavation areas for the purpose of sampling the material for moistu re determinations to be made by the Engineer. Estimates of the quantities of wate r necessary to provide the optimum moisture content in the soil layers to be excavated shall be made using these moisture determinations.
b.The Contractor may apply water by sprinkler irrigation or ponding methods. The natural vegetation growth on the excavation area shall be preserved until all water has been applied. The Contractor may be required to rip the excavation areas in the same direction as the ground contours to facilitate penetration of t he water and to minimize run-off. Excavation areas shall be stripped of vegetation as soon as practicable after watering of the areas has been completed.
205.03 Excavation and Embankment
- 134 - c. The watering operation shall be controlled and adjusted to avoid the application of more water th an is required and to avoid any run-off or wasting of water.
d.The Contractor shall make sufficient additional borings as required to check and control the penetrati on of the water to the full depth of the excavation or to the depth of excavation to be pre-watered.
e.Removal of material from pre-watered excavation areas should not be started until the water has penet rated to the desired depth and the material has a uniform moisture content.
f.Prewatered soils that are unsuitably wet shall not be excavated for final incorporation in the project.
3.The Contractor shall place all materials removed from the roadway, borrow sites, or channels, including inlet, outlet, and intercepting ditches, in embankment, subgrade, shoulders, and other locations as shown in the contract.
4.Slope Maintenance:
a.During construction of the roadway, the Contractor shall maintain the roadbed in such condition that:
1.It will be adequately drained at all times.
2.Side ditches emptying from cuts to embankments shall be constructed so as to avoid damage to embankments by erosion.
b.All slopes shall be trimmed accurately to the slope as staked. c. The Contractor shall avoid loosening material below or outside of the required slopes. If slopes are damaged in any way, the Contractor shall restore the slope to the original condition at no cost to the Department, regardless of whether or not the excavation is carried beyond the specified side slopes. All breakage and slides shall be removed by the Contractor.
d.The Contractor shall excavate side ditches as shown in the contract. The finished roadway shall be a continuous surface that matches the lines, grades, and cross sect ions shown in the contract.
5.Channel Excavation:
a.The Contractor shall accomplish all channel excavation before any bridge or culvert work unless specified otherwise. The channel excavation shall be accomplished as indicated in the contract.
b.Upon written authority of the Engineer, channel excavation work may be temporarily suspended after the area to be occupied by a bridge or a culvert has been excavated to the typical cross sections shown in the contract, provided that a temporar y ditch is constructed for drainage.
c.The Contractor shall maintain completed channels free from debris and protected from erosion until all work is accepted.
6.Borrow and Excavation Borrow: a. Material shall not be obtained from any borrow site that is not shown in the contract unless approved by the Engineer.
b.Borrow obtained from sites shown in the contract shall be excavated to the cross sections and grades shown in the contract. Excavation and Embankment 205.03 - 135 - c. The Contractor shall remove the available topsoil at State- furnished borrow sites and waste sites to a minimum depth of 6 inches and stockpile this material in approved areas.
d.If the Contractor elects to furnish granular materials (less than 50% passing through a No. 200 sieve [75 µm]) as borrow, subgrade stabilization may be required. When s ubgrade stabilization is required to stabilize Contractor-furnished granular material to support any subsequent construction, subgrade stabilization will be accomplished in accordance with Section 303 at no additional cost to the Department.
e.If the Contractor elects to furnish granular materials (less than 50% passing through a No. 200 sieve [75 µm]) as borrow, the Contractor shall, at no additional cost to the Department, provide cohesive material (50% or more passing through a No. 200 sieve [75 µm]) that is able to support vegetation for the upper 6 inches (150 mm) of the foreslopes and earth shoulders or in the absence of such material in the haul area “native soil” that will support vegetation ma y be used with the approval of the Engineer.
1.The cohesive material may be obtained from the right-of- way, if available, by stripping the area that will be covered by the embankment or, at the Cont ractor's option, obtained from sources other than State right-of-way.
2.If there is not enough cohesive material available within the right-of-way, the Contractor wi ll be required to furnish the cohesive material from other sources.
f.Borrow and waste areas will be restored as described in Section 208.
7.Benching:
a.When the embankment is to be constructed on sidehill slopes steeper than 1 vertical to 4 horizontal; the area of the original slope on which embankment is to be placed shall be continuously stepped (benched). Each step’s vertical depth shall be 3 foot (1 m) minimum in order to integrate the placed embankment with the slope.
b.The Contractor shall bench the slope as the embankment is placed and compacted.
c.Each bench shall be cut horizontally into the existing slope a sufficient width for construction operations and equipment. The next bench will begin at the intersection of original ground with the previous bench. An existing embankment less than 4 feet (1.2 m) in height may require only one bench.
d.Except for unsuitable materi als, all material excavated for the benches will be used in the embankment construction.
8.Rock Fills: a. When the excavated material is predominantly rock fragments larger than 1 foot (300 mm) in diameter , such material may be placed in those embankments where the lift thickness is allowed to be greater than the thickness of the approxim ate average size of the larger rocks. Backfill materials shall be placed around the rock fragments to eliminate air voids that are larger than those in the predominate backfill material.
205.03 Excavation and Embankment
- 136 - b. Each layer shall be leveled and smoothed with suitable leveling equipment and by distribution of spalls and finer fragments or earth.
c.These layers shall not be constructed in the top 2 feet (600 mm) of the finished grade or embankment.
d.The balance of the embankm ent shall be composed of suitable material smoothed and placed in layers not exceeding 8 inches (200 mm) in loose thickness and compacted as specified for embankments.
9.Embankment over bituminous pavement:
a.When less than 3 feet (1 m) of embankment is to be constructed on any part of the existing bituminous surfacing, all bituminous base courses (including stabilized bituminous bases and bituminous sand), or aggregate base and no other prov isions have been made, the surfacing and all base courses, regardless of depth and number of layers, shall be removed and paid for in accordance with Section 203 before placing the embankment.
b.When the depth of the embankment is greater than 3 feet (1 m) and no other provisions have been made, the bituminous surfacing, bituminous base or aggregate base may be left in place.
c.Removed bituminous surfacing and base courses may be placed in the outer slop es of the embankment 1 foot (300 mm) below the finished shoulders and foreslopes.
10.Embankment over concrete pavement: a. When less than 3 feet (1 m) of embankment is to be constructed on any part of the existing concrete pavement or concrete base course, the existing surfacing and all bas e courses, regardless of depth and number of layers, shall be removed and paid for in accordance with Section 203 before placing the embankment.
b.When the depth of the emb ankment is greater than 3 feet (1 m), the Contractor shall break the concrete pavement or base course into pieces with surface areas of a pproximately 4 square feet (0.4 m
2.and leave them in place.
c.The Contractor may use jackhammers, drop hammers, or any other suitable means to break the pavement.
11.Where concrete slope protecti on is to be placed, the Contractor shall overfill and properly compact the embankment to a depth sufficient to insure that the slope can be trimmed to the proper finished grade elevation. The Contractor shall then remove the excess embankment. The work of overfilling, compacting, and removing this embankment will not be measured and paid for directly, but will be consid ered subsidiary to other items of work for which direct payment is made.
12.Compaction of Subgrade:
a.The Contractor shall compac t the upper 6 inches (150 mm) of the roadbed in excavation areas to conform with the compaction requirements for embankments shown in the contract.
b.The work to obtain the specified compaction in the upper 6 inches (150 mm) shall be perform ed at no additional cost to the Department if the soils do not requ ire any work below 1 foot (300 mm). Excavation and Embankment 205.03 - 137 - c. Any compaction work requir ed at depths great er than 1 foot (300 mm) will be performed on an "extra work" basis unless such conditions are caused by the Cont ractor's operations.
d.If the Engineer determines the subgrade material to be unsuitable, it will be treated as a differing site condition in accordance with Subsection 104.02 or Paragraph 17. of this Subsection.
13.Compaction of Embankments: a. Embankments are classified into three compaction classes (I, II, and III). Each class has different co mpaction and moisture requirements. The compaction classification for each embankment is shown in the contract.
b.Embankment Classifications:
1.Class I:
i.Class I embankments will not be rolled, unless specified. (ii) The embankment, except adjacent to structures, shall be placed in successive horizontal layers not exceeding 12 inches (300 mm) in depth (uncompacted). The layers shall be of uniform thickness and full width and shall be compacted as evenly and densely as possible by varying the haul route over the entire area. (iii) The embankment adjacen t to all structures, other than driveway culverts, shall be placed in uniform layers not exceeding 6 inches (150 mm) in depth (uncompacted) for t he full width of the embankment and compacted by one pass over the entire area of each layer with the treads of a crawler tractor unit weighing at least 10 tons (9 Mg) or by two passes over the entire area of each layer with equ ipment conforming to the requirements of Paragraph 14.c. of this Subsection.
2.Class II:
i.The material shall be placed in successive horizontal layers not to exceed 8 inches (2 00 mm) in depth (uncompacted) before rolling, each of which shall extend the full width of the embankment. Each layer shall be leveled before compaction. Each layer shall be rolled at least twice with compacting equipment whic h conforms to the requirements of Paragraph 13.c. of this Subsection. In all cases, the hauling shall be distributed over the entire area to assist in compacting the material. (ii) When embankments are to be constructed through lakes or swampy areas, the material may be placed without rolling to an elevation above water level which will allow the use of a roller. The embankment above this elevation shall be placed in 8 inch (200 mm) layers (uncompacted) and rolled as specified. (iii) When the moisture content of earth or soil used in constructing embankments is too high to allow rolling or to obtain satisfactory compaction, each layer shal l be disced, harrowed, or otherwise manipulated to facilitate dr ying until its moisture content is reduced to the point where satisfactory compaction can be obtained. (iv) Multiple-wheel, pneumatic-tired rollers which conform to the requirements of Paragraphs 13. c.(2) and 13.c.(3) of this Subsection
205.03 Excavation and Embankment
- 138 - may be used in rolling the last layer to be placed on the surface of all embankments.
v.When less than 3 feet (1 m) of embankment is to be constructed on any part of an existing st one or gravel surfaced roadbed, the existing roadbed shall be scarified to a depth not less than 6 inches (150 mm), manipulated, and rolled as specified. (vi) When embankments are to be constructed over cultivated or fallowed land, the entir e area upon which the embankment is to be constructed shall be smoothed and rolled at least twice with a roller which conforms to the requirements of Para graphs 13.c.(1) or 13.c.(3) of this Subsection before the placement of any embankment material.
3.Class III:
i.Class III embankment s shall be compacted at the moisture content shown in the contract. The optimum moisture shall be determined in accordance with NDOT T 99 or NDOT T 2835. Embankments shall be compacted to the optimal stiffness as defined by a deflection target value established by the Engineer. (ii) Placing and Compaction:
a.The material shall be placed in successive horizontal layers not to exceed 8 inches (200 mm) in depth (uncompacted), each of which shall extend the full width of the embankment.
b.Each layer shall be leveled before compaction. (c) In all cases, the hauling shall be distributed over the entire area to assist in compacting the material.
d.When embankments are to be constructed through lakes or swampy areas, the material may be placed without rolling to an elevation above water level which will allow the use of a roller. The embankment above this elevation shall be placed in successive horizontal 8 inch (200 mm) layers (uncompacted depth) and compact ed as specified. (iii) Moisture and Stiffness Requirements. Each successive horizontal layer of soil shal l be compacted to the stiffness as defined by a deflection target value. T he moisture content of the soil in each layer shall be adjusted, if necessary, so that it will conform to the moisture requirements shown in the contract. (iv) Compacting equipment and methods which will consistently produce uniform compacti on throughout the depth of the compacted lifts shall be used.
v.When less than 3 feet (1 m) of embankment is to be constructed on any part of an existing st one or gravel surfaced roadbed, the existing roadbed shall be scarified to a depth of 6 inches (150 mm) and recompacted to the requirements for the type of compaction shown in the contract. (vi) When embankments are to be constructed over cultivated or fallowed land, the entir e area upon which the embankment is to be constructed shall be smoothed and rolled at least twice with a roller which conforms to the requirements of Para graphs 13.c.(1) or 13.c.(3) of this Subsection prior to the placement of any embankment material. Excavation and Embankment 205.03 - 139 - c. Compacting Equipment:
1.Tamping (sheepsfoot/padfoot) roller. This roller shall be designed for use in the compaction of earth fills and consist of a cylindrical metal roller, drum, or shell studded with tamping feet projecting from its surface. The weight of the roller an d spacing and length of the tamping feet shall be adequate to perform the compac tion required. Cleaning teeth shall be attached to the rolling unit to prevent accumulation of earth between tamping feet. The pad foot compactor shall be vibratory and shall consist of one or more drums with pads or feet projecting no less than 6.5 in. The static load on the individual pads shall be no less than 200 psi exerted on a single row of pads or feet para llel to the axle of the drum. More than one tamping rolling unit as described above may be used. When more than one rolling unit is used, the rolling units must be pivoted to the main frame in a manner which will allow the rolling units to adapt themselves to uneven ground surfaces and to rotate independently.
2.Multiple-wheel, pneumatic-tired roller. The tires on the front and back of this roller shall be st aggered so that they will cover the entire area over which the roller travels. The roller shall be designed for use in the compaction of earth fills. The pneumatic-tired roller shall have wide, smooth treads and uniform air pressure. The tires shall be staggered to provide complete coverage of the area. Sufficient weight is required to provide a minimum of 225 lbs. per inch of tire width. The tire pressure shall be no less than 60 psi with a tire variance no more than 5 psi.
3.Alternate equipment which will produce as good or better compaction than the equipment specified above may be used with the Engineer's approval.
14.Selective placement materials shall be excavated, hauled, and placed as specified. The embankment su rface upon which the material is to be placed shall be shaped to approximately the required crown of the roadbed and compacted to optimal stiffness.
15.All embankments and excavated areas shall be shaped and finished to produce the specified sm ooth surfaces and slopes. All existing backslopes shall be trimmed and shaped to conform to the typical cross sections. When the moisture content is too low to shape and consolidate the surface satisfactorily, water shall be applied during finishing operations.
16.Unsuitable Material:
a.Unsuitable material which cannot be dried by discing in place shall be removed to the length, width, and depth directed by the Engineer, the unsuitable material shall be disposed as directed by the Engineer and replaced with approved material.
b.Unsuitable material in low areas where drainage is expected to be a problem shall be removed, disposed and replaced with "Granular Backfill" meeting the requirements in Tables 1033.02, 1033.03, 1033.05, 1033.06, 1033.07, 103 3.08, or 1033.09.
c.Approved drainag e pipe (slotted/perforated 4 inch (100 mm) minimum diameter pipe) shall be placed as directed by the Engineer.
17.At "0-0" Sections (points where cu ts transition to fills), the existing ground shall be excavated a maximum of 3 feet (1 m) below finished grade
205.03 Excavation and Embankment
- 140 - level when directed by the Engineer and the area backfilled as a Class III embankment.
18.When the borrow soil for the project is dissimilar (Plasticity Index difference of 10 units or more or if de lamination is evident) from the soil on site, then the Contractor shall blend all embankment lifts in the top 3 feet (1 m) of the embankment so that the dissimilar soil types are thoroughly and uniformly mixed. The blending process sh all incorporate the entire thickness of all uncompacted lifts (layers) of dissimilar soil types that are being blended.
19.Engineer Directed Discing: a. The contract shall indica te those areas where the Engineer may require embankment lifts to be disced because different types of soil are expected. The Engineer may also di rect the Contractor to disc other areas.
b.The disc shall be able to penetrate through 2 entire uncompacted lifts.
c.Only the top 3 feet (1 m) of an embankment is required to be disced.
205.04 Method of Measurement
1.The "Excavation" volume in cubic yards (cubic meters) is calculated using the average end area method based on preliminary and final cross sections. This volume includes authorized excavation below grade and also overbreakage or slides not caused by Contractor error. Stockpiled materials will be measured in the stockpile.
2."Excavation (Established Quantit y)" is the plan quantity in cubic yards (cubic meters). "Excavation (Established Quantity)" is not field measured.
3.The "Excavation Borrow" volume in cubic yards (cubic meters) is calculated using the average-end-ar ea method based on preliminary and final cross sections. This volume includes authorized excavation and also overbreakage or slides not caused by Contractor error. Stockpiled materials will be measured in the stockpile.
4.Earthwork Measured in Embankment: a. "Earthwork Measured in Emb ankment" is a contract quantity in cubic yards (cubic meters) computed by the method of average-end-areas from the cross sections shown in the contract.
b.No additional compensation will be made for additional material required to obtain compaction, material placed by the Contractor outside the limits of the typical cross section, or material placed to correct for settlement of the embankment.
c."Earthwork Measured in Embankment" is not field measured. 5. Water: a. Water is measured by the volume applied. The volume unit is 1,000 gallons (MGAL) [kiloliter (kL)]. Payment shall be made at the established contract unit price. Excavation and Embankment 205.05 - 141 - b. Each time a meter is used, the Contractor shall furnish the Engineer with a certified copy of the meter calibration. The meter calibration shall have been performed during the last 12 months.
c.The Engineer shall deduct wate r that is wasted, lost, or applied in excess of soil requirements.
6."Discing," when directed by the E ngineer in the top 3 feet (1 m) of a roadbed made from dissimilar on-site soils, shall be measured by the hour for each disc in service. Only time spent discing will be measured.
205.05 Basis of Payment
1.Pay Item Pay Unit E x c a v a t i o n C u b i c Y a r d ( C Y ) [ C u b i c M e t e r ( m3)] Excavation (Established Quantity) Cubic Yard (CY) [ C u b i c M e t e r ( m 3 ) ] E x c a v a t i o n B o r r o w C u b i c Y a r d ( C Y ) [ C u b i c M e t e r ( m 3 ) ] Earthwork Measured In Embankment Cubic Yard (CY) [ C u b i c M e t e r ( m 3 ) ] Water 1,000 Gallons (MGAL) [ k i l o l i t e r ( k L ) ] . D i s c i n g H o u r ( h ) Removal of Unsuitably Wet Soil Cubic Yard (CY) [ C u b i c M e t e r ( m 3)]
2.When borrow and waste sites ar e obtained by the Department and shown in the contract and the Contract or elects to use other sites, the Contractor shall be charged with all costs incurred by the Department related to the sites shown in the contract. These charges shall be deducted from Department money d ue the Contractor.
3.Clearing and grubbing of borrow and waste sites shown in the contract shall be measured and paid for in accordance with Section 202. When borrow is obtained from sites whic h are not shown in the contract, no payment will be made for clearing and grubbing.
4.Topsoil quantities shall not be deducted from the excavation quantities.
5.Direct payment will not be made for any additional hauling of materials required for the selective placement specified in the contract.
6.Removing and disposing of the bituminous surfacing and all base courses that overlay excavated areas will not be paid for directly, but shall be subsidiary to the relevant excavation pay item.
7."Earthwork Measured in Emb ankment" shall be the quantity shown in the contract unless authorized changes are made to the grade line or length of the embankment.
8.The work of constructing an “e mbankment” is not a pay item but is subsidiary to the relevant earthwork pay item.
205.05 Excavation and Embankment
- 142 - 9. Stock Piled Material
a.The Engineer may direct the Contractor to stockpile excavated material for use as embankment or ba ckfill. When the Contractor is required to re-excavate and place the same material as embankment or backfill, payment will be made for the quantity of material re-excavated at one-half the contract unit price per cubic ya rd (cubic meter) for "Excavation".
b.Payment will not be made for the re-excavation of any materials which:
1.The Contractor is required to stockpile in the performance of selective materials placement.
2.Are required for other work in the contract.
3.Are stockpiled to drai n and dry before placement in the embankment.
10.a. When unsuitable soil is re moved and replaced, the volume of soil removed will be paid for at 2 times the bid price for the relevant pay item when the relevant pay item for that particular section is "Excavation", "Excavation Borrow", or "Earthwork Measured in Embankment". When the relevant earthwork excavation pay item is "Excavation (Established Quantity)", then the volume removed wi ll be paid for at 3 times the bid price for "Excavation (Est ablished Quantity)".
b.(1) When “Granular Backfill” is not included in the Bid Proposal Schedule of Items and is the required backfill material to replace unsuitable material approved by the Engineer for removal, then the unit price for the replacement granular backfill shall be a negotiated unit price.
2.If the bid price for "Granular Backfill" is less than the relevant excavation pay item, the "Gra nular Backfill" is subsidiary to the relevant excavation pay item.
c.Drainage pipe shall be paid for at the bid price for similar pipe; or, if the drainage pipe is not a bid it em, the pipe will be paid for as extra work.
d.Replacement soil materials, except "Granular Backfill", are subsidiary to the relevant excavation pay item.
e.Each day, the Engineer and t he Contractor shall compare their records of unsuitably wet material removed and reconcile any differences.
11.a. The volume of material identified by the Engineer for removal at a "0-0" correction area shall be paid for at the bid price for the relevant earthwork excavation pay item that is being expensed for the construction of the section of the road where t he "0-0" correction is encountered.
b.The volume of material for the correction shall be in addition to the quantities shown in the bi d proposal Schedule of Items.
12.The volume of unsuitable material or the "0-0" correction volume as described in Paragraphs 10. and 11. of this Subsection shall not be deducted from the final payment measurements.
13.a. When discing is required for Contractor furnished borrow and when it is done as an optional procedure, it is subsidiary to the relevant Excavation and Embankment 205.05 - 143 - excavation and embankment pay item, except as noted in Paragraph b. below.
b.(1) Discing is only authorized for payment as a separate pay item, "Discing", when the contract indicate an area to be disced or the Engineer directs that an area be disced and "Discing" is a bid item in the bid proposal Schedule of Items.
2.Only the discing of the material in the top 3 feet (1 m) of the roadbed is eligible for payment as "Discing."
c.Discing done at the Contract or's option to dry soil, to help obtain specified compaction, or any ot her purpose except as described in Subsection 205.03, Paragraph 20, shal l be subsidiary to the relevant earthwork pay item ("Excavation", "Excavation (Established Quantity)", "Excavation Borrow", and/or "Earthwork Measured in Embankment").
d.If the contract does not cont ain the bid item "Discing" and the Engineer directs in writing that the Cont ractor shall disc a designated area to blend dissimilar soil types, then the discing shall be paid for as extra work.
14.Removal and disposal of excess soil is subsidiary to the relevant excavation and embankment pay item, except when the haul distance is greater than the balance's free haul di stance and the contract does not indicate any waste or excess material. When these conditions exist, the movement of the waste material shall be paid for in accordance with Section 209 of thes e Specifications.
15.Areas that have been final graded and have a cover crop planted may be tentatively accepted by the En gineer. After tentative acceptance, additional earthwork caused by erosion will be measured for payment. No areas shall be tentatively accepted until all erosio n control requirements, which will affect or be affected by th e area being tentatively accepted, are in place.
16.a. Payment will be made to the Contractor for monthly fluctuations in the cost of diesel fuel used in performing the items of work, “Excavation,” “Excavation, Borrow,” “E xcavation, Established Quantity,” and/or “Earthwork Measured in Embankment” when the fuel cost fluctuates by more than 5% from the base price defined below. Payments may be positive, negative, or nonexistent depending on the circumstances. Payments or deductions will only be calc ulated on that portion of the fuel cost fluctuation that exce eds the 5% specified above.
b.Payments or deductions for t he fuel cost adjustment will be included in the Contractor’s progress estimates; and the payment or deduction authorized for each estimate will be based upon the algebraic difference between the quantities for “Excavation,” “Exca vation, Borrow,” “Excavation, Established Quantity,” and/or “Earthwork Measured in Embankment” on the current estimate and the quantities shown on the previous estimate.
205.05 Excavation and Embankment
- 144 - c. The fuel cost adjustment for the current estimate will be computed according to the following formula: FCA=QFD where FCA = Fuel cost adjustment, in dollars; Q = The algebraic difference between the quantities (in cubic yards or cubic meters) for “Excavation,” “Excavation, Borrow,” “Excavation, Established Quantity,” and/or “Earthwork Measured in Embankment” on the current estimate and the quantities shown on the previous estimate. F = English The fuel use factor for diesel fuel, in gallons per cubic yard. For the items of work “Excav ation,” “Excavation, Borrow,” and “Excavation, Established qua ntity,” “F” shall be equal to 0.20. For the item of work “Earthwork Measured in Embankment,” “F” shall be equal to 0.27. Metric The fuel use factor for diesel fuel, in liters per cubic meter. For the items of work “Excav ation,” “Excavation, Borrow,” and “Excavation, Established Quant ity,” “F” shall be equal to 0.99. For the item of work “Earthwork Measured in Embankment,” “F” shall be equal to 1.32. D = Allowable price differential.
d.The allowable price differential, "D", for the current estimate will be computed according to the following formula: When the current price, P, is greater than the base price, P(b). D = P - 1.05P(b), but not less than zero. When the current price, P, is less than the base price, P(b). D = P - 0.95P(b), but not greater than zero. e. In either case, P(b) shall be the base diesel price, in dollars per gallon (liter), defined as the average of the minimum and maximum prices for Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) (Oklahoma) published in the first issue of “Platt’s Oilgram Price Report” for the month in which bids for the work were received.
f.In either case, P, shall be t he current diesel price, in dollars per gallon (liter), defined as the average of the minimum and maximum prices for Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) (Oklahoma) published in the first issue of “Platt’s Oilgram Price Report” for the month in which the progress estimate is generated.
17.Water is paid for as an "established" contract unit price item, which is shown in the bid proposal "Schedule of Items" or at the unit price if bid by the Contractor.
18.Payment is full compensation for all work described in this Section. - 145 - SECTION 206 -- ROADWAY GRADING
206.01 Description
1."Roadway Grading" shall consist of furnishing, excavating, loading, hauling, placing, compacting, and finishing all materials necessary for the completion of the roadway, includi ng its embankments, intersections, driveways, and approaches as shown in the contract.
206.02 Material Requirements
1.Soils that are placed in embank ments and required in the roadway grading pay item shall meet the r equirements of Subsection 205.02.
206.03 Construction Methods
1.The Contractor shall construct the roadway as shown in the contract.
2.The Contractor shall maintain all areas during the construction operations so that they will be adequately drained at all times.
3.The Contractor shall remove all excess material. 4. The Contractor shall obtain borrow material as necessary to construct embankments.
5.The Contractor shall perform the excavation, placement, sloping, and finishing of soils as described in Section 205. The embankment shall be compacted to comply with the compaction requirements shown in the contract.
6.The Contractor shall obliterat e roads and shape the constructed areas to blend naturally with the surrounding areas.
206.04 Method of Measurement
1."Roadway Grading" will be measured for payment by stations of 100 feet (100 m), measured hor izontally along the cent erline of the project.
2.Deductions will be made for bridge floors 20 feet (6 m) or more in length.
3.Sections having roadway gradin g on only one side of the road shall be measured along the centerline of the project, and then the measured distance shall be divided by two to obtain the pay quantity.
4.No additional allowance will be made for the work required to complete intersection and driveway re turns, tapers, curv es, tangents, stubs, and other irregular areas.
206.05 Basis of Payment
1.Pay Item Pay Unit Roadway Grading Station (Sta) [Sta M]
2.When borrow and waste sites ar e obtained by the Department and shown in the contract and the Contract or elects to use other sites, the Contractor shall be charged with all costs incurred by the Department related to the sites shown in the contract. These charges shall be deducted from Department monies due the Contractor.
Source: Nebraska Standard Specifications for Highway Construction, 2017 Edition. Pages 163–178 of 1,048.