HOT MIX ASPHALT / WARM MIX ASPHALT 411.02
410.05 Method of Measuremen T
The Resident Engineer will measure completed Micro Surfacing as the relevant mineral aggregate pay item, by the dry weight (including mineral filler) , and as Polymer -Modified Emulsified Asphalt by the volume or weight of the original emulsion. When payment for Micro Surfacing is to be by the ton of aggregate, including mineral filler, and gallon of asphalt emulsion, provide certified scales capable of providing an automated ticket printout for each truck load of material delivered to the Micro Surfacing machine. Include the project number, ticket number, truck number, date and batch weight of material loaded on each ticket . Subtract the unused portion of emulsion from the total of the bill of ladings to determine total emulsion to be paid.
410.06 Basis of Payment
The Department will pay for each pay item at the contract unit price per the specified pay unit as follows: Pay I tem: Pay Unit:
A.POLYMER -MODIFIED EMULSIFIED ASPHALT Gallon [Liter] or Ton [Metric Ton]
B.TYPE I MINERAL AGGREGATE Ton [Metric Ton]
C.TYPE II MINERAL AGGREGATE Ton [Metric Ton]
D.TYPE III MINERAL AGGREGATE Ton [Metric Ton]
411.01 Description
This work consists of constructing one or more courses of bituminous mixture on the prepared foundation (roadbed or base). Asphalt mixture includes Hot Mix Asphalt and Warm Mix Asphalt. Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) includes Superpave, Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA), and Rich Bottom Layer. Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) is defined as an asphalt binder and aggregate mixture which, by additive or process, can be produced and placed at a reduced temperature from normal HMA temperatures. WMA requirements are the same as for HMA except where noted.
411.02 Materials
Provide asphalt materials in accordance with Section 708, “Plant Mix Bituminous Bases and Surfaces.”
411.03 Hot Mix Asphalt / Warm Mix Asphalt
411.03 Equipment
A.Mixing Plants Provide asphalt preparation plants in accordance with AASHTO M 156 and the Department’s certification requirements. Avoid exposing reclaimed asphalt paving material to the burner flame or high temperat ure combustion gases. Ensure plants modified for this purpose meet the manufacturer’s requirements for the specific modifications. Allow the Resident Engineer access to the mineral filler feeder systems for approval before use. Provide a closed system for storing and feeding mixtures with mineral fillers that maintains a constant material supply with minimal loss throughout the mix production system. Ensure the mineral filler measuring device provides a consistent percentage of filler. Provide a system t hat includes flow indicators or sensing devices to automatically stop mix production if mineral filler introduction ceases. Provide a separate system for mixtures with cellulose fibers to feed fibers into the mixture to obtain a uniform distribution. Ensu re the fiber supply system includes low level, no -flow indicators and a file or printout that tracks the feed rate. Include a section of transparent pipe in the fiber supply for observing consistency of flow or feed. The Department will inspect plants eve ry six months, or after every move.
B.Scales Provide digital scales to weigh the bituminous mixture. For approved automatic printer systems with an automatic batching and mixing control system, use the printed batch weights or truck scales. Provide a we igh ticket for each load to record the weights. Provide certification of scales every six months, or after every move, unless otherwise directed by the Engineer.
C.Pavers Provide self -contained, self -propelled asphalt pavers equipped with an activated he ated screed, and an automatic control device for placing the mixture to the slopes and grades shown on the Plans. Ensure the pavers can spread and finish asphalt courses on lanes, shoulders, and similar construction to the widths and thicknesses shown on the Plans. Equip the paver with a receiving hopper and a distribution system to uniformly place and spread the asphalt in front of the screed without causing asphalt segregation. The Department will not allow equipment designed to pick up asphalt from win drows. Ensure the paver can operate at forward speeds to place consistently the mixture. Use a heated strike -off assembly to produce a finished surface that meets the specified evenness and uniform texture without tearing, shoving, or gouging the mixture o r causing asphalt segregation.
D.Trucks and Transports Ensure trucks hauling asphalt comply with legal load limits and have tight, clean, smooth metal beds thinly coated with a minimum amount of soap solution, lime solution, or other material that HOT MIX ASPHALT / WARM MIX ASPHALT 411.03 prevent s the mixture from adhering to the beds as approved by the Resident Engineer. Prevent ponds of these anti -adhesive solutions from forming in truck beds. Refrain from using solutions that contain diesel fuel or other contaminating solvents during material delivery. Provide trucks with a canvas cover or other material large enough to protect the asphalt from the weather. If necessary, insulate the truck beds and fasten the covers so that the mixture remains at the specified temperature until delivery. Provi de transports to haul liquid asphalt materials in accordance with Subsection 708.03, “Asphalt Materials.” Keep a record of the following: Delivery date, Asphalt grade, Source, Quantity, Invoice number, and Material hauled in the previous load. Provide these records to the Resident Engineer upon request
E.Sampling Device Provide an aggregate sampling device that can obtain a representative sample from a belt or bin discharge in accordance with ASTM D75/D75M . Allow t he Resident Engineer access to the device for approval before use. Ensure the device obtains the sample before the aggregate enters the dryer drum or drum mixer without stopping plant production.
F.Material Transfer Vehicle The Department defines a Mater ial Transfer Vehicle (MTV) as equipment that transfers asphalt from the hauling units to the spreading and finishing machine. Provide an MTV to place Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) mixtures. The Resident Engineer may exempt use of the MTV from portions of a p roject. Equip the MTV with remixing augers or paddles to remix continuously asphalt in the transfer device, the paver hopper insert, or the paver’s hopper. MTVs that exceed 20,000 lb [9,100 kg] per axle will only be allowed to cross bridges if the unit’s hopper is empty, the vehicle travels at crawl speed, and the wheels are placed over the underlying beam lines. For bridges in poor condition or posted for load limits, the Resident Engineer will consult the Bridge Division to determine additional limitatio ns. Ensure the MTV, the haul units, and the paver provide a continuous, uniform, non -segregated flow of material. Coordinate the number of haul units, the paver’s speed, the plant production rate, and the MTV’s speed to avoid stop -and-go operations. Do n ot raise the wings of the paver -receiving hopper while paving. In the event of equipment malfunction, continue operations to place quantities in transit or in silos and to safely maintain traffic. Discontinue further operations until equipment is repaired .
411.04 Hot Mix Asphalt / Warm Mix Asphalt
Place a 500 -ton [450 metric ton] test strip. The Resident Engineer will evaluate the MTV’s performance by measuring the temperature profile of the mat immediately behind the paver screed using a non -contact thermometer at intervals of 50 ft [15 m]. Each temperature profile consists of three surface temperature measurements taken transversely across the mat from 1 ft to 3 ft [0.3 m to 1 m] from the screed during the paving operations. Each profile wi ll include three temperature measurements; one in the middle of the mat and two at the edges (1 ft [0.3 m] inside each edge). Stop producing asphalt mix if two of the temperature measurements in any profile differ by more than 10 ºF [6 ºC]. Adjust operat ions before restarting the paving operation. The Resident Engineer may take additional surface temperature profiles during the project.
G.Compactor Use self -propelled, steel wheel, and pneumatic tired compactors. Ensure the steel wheeled compactors weig h at least 10 ton [9 metric ton]. Ensure the pneumatic tired compactors have at least seven pneumatic tires of equal size and diameter. Ensure the total weight of the tires produces an operating weight of at least 3,500 lb [1,588 kg] per tire. Inflate t he tires to at least 90 percent of the maximum pressure recommended by the tire manufacturer. Maintain the tire pressure for at least 1 hr after the start of operations and ensure the range in pressure among the tires does not exceed 10 psi [68 kPa]. 411. 04 CONSTRUCTION METHODS
A.Stockpiling Materials Deliver and stockpile aggregates in accordance with Subsection 106.08, “Storage and Handling of Materials.” Ensure sufficient material is on -site for each day’s operatio n. Provide the Resident Engineer with daily quality control results.
B.Preparation of Materials
1.Bituminous Material and Aggregate Heat bituminous material and aggregate to temperatures in accordance with Subsectio n 708.03, “Asphalt Materials.” Provide a continuous supply of bituminous material to the mixer. Avoid localized overheating.
2.Dried and Heated Aggregate Adjust heater unit flames to avoid damaging or depositing soot on the aggregate. HOT MIX ASPHALT / WARM MIX ASPHALT 411.04
3.Hot Dry Agg regates Screen and store the aggregate for plants that control the gradation of hot dry aggregates as follows: At least two bins for Type S5 and Type S6 mixtures, and At least three bins for all other mixtures.
4.Lime Provide hydrated lime or commercial lime slurry as the anti -stripping agent if it is needed to meet the requirements of Section 708 or the project is located in Beaver, Cimarron, or Texas County . Add between 0.5% and 2.0% hydrated lime or commercial lime slurry solids by weight of the aggregates treated as shown on the mix design. Incorporate the lime in a manner that thoroughly and uniformly distributes lime onto the aggregate surface or into the mixture. Use metering eq uipment as approved, to ensure the required quantity of lime is used. Fines collected by the baghouse or other dust -collection equipment may be reintroduced into the mixing drum.
a.Hydrated Lime Add to the aggregate by one of the following methods unles s otherwise shown on the plans or mix design: Add in an approved pug mill mixer with damp aggregate containing water at least 2% above saturated surface dry condition. Add into the drum -mix plant immediately before asphalt binder addition or in the pug mill of the batch plant before asphalt binder addition. If a batch plant is used, dry mix aggregates and lime before adding asphalt binder.
b.Commercial Lime Slurry Add to the aggregate by one of the following methods unless otherwise shown on the plans or mix design: Mix in a suitable pugmill mixer with the aggregate. During mixture production, mix with aggregates between the plant cold feeds and the dryer or mixing drum.
C.Plant Startup Requirements for New Construction and Overlays Use the mix design created for mainline construction to produce enough asphalt to calibrate the plant, testing equipment, and testing procedures before placing the asphalt. The Resident Engineer will sample and test the asphalt for asphalt cement content, aggregate gradatio n, air voids, and voids in mineral aggregate (VMA). Compare Contractor test results with the Resident Engineer’s; make adjustments if necessary. Use asphalt from the plant startup operation to meet control strip requirements on temporary construction only ; do not place asphalt from the startup operations on the mainline. Make adjustments until all requirements are met. If no temporary locations are available, the plant startup mixture becomes the Contractor’s property at no additional cost to the Departm ent. The Resident
411.04 Hot Mix Asphalt / Warm Mix Asphalt
Engineer may waive plant startup requirements if the same plant and location have successfully produced the same asphalt mix design before.
D.Control Strip Requirements If the contract requires less than 5,000 ton [5,000 metric ton] of an asphalt type, the Department will not require a control strip for that type of asphalt, unless otherwise indicated . After meeting the plant startup requirements, c onstruct at least one control strip on a detour to verify the required production mix char acteristics and establish rolling patterns. If a detour is unavailable, construct on the shoulder; if a shoulder is unavailable, construct on the mainline. Place an initial asphalt control strip not exceeding 500 ton [500 metric ton]. With the Resident Engineer, sample and test this mixture for asphalt cement content, aggregate gradation, air voids, VMA, and roadway density. Place additional asphalt after evaluating the results and adjusting production and placement procedures as necessary. If the Resid ent Engineer determines the initial placement of the asphalt control strip to be acceptable in accordance with Subsection 411.04.N(2)(a), “Basis of Acceptance and Payment,” the Department will pay for the control strip quantities in accordance with Subsection 411.04.N(2)(a), “Basis of Acceptance and Payment,” and allow the Contractor to proceed with production paving operations. Unacceptable asphalt will not be allowed to remain in the mainline or the shoulder. Remove and replace unacceptable asphalt at no additional cost to the Department. Make adjustments to production and placement procedures if the placement of the initial asphalt control strip produces failing result s, and repeat the test process for a second control strip. The Department will make pay adjustments for deviations on the second asphalt control strip at the pay factor rate in accordance with Subs ection 411.04.N (2)(a), “Basis of Acceptance and Payment.” If required, create additional asphalt control strips on the shoulder until an acceptable mixture is produced (within the 100 percent pay factor range). The Department will make pay adjustments for asphalt contr ol strips after the second asphalt control strip placement in accordance with Subs ection 411.04.N(2)(a), “Basis of Acceptance and Payment.”
E.Mixing Combine aggregates in the mixer in accordance with the mix desi gn. Measure or gauge the bituminous material in accordance with the mix design, and load into the mixer. Ensure the moisture content of the asphalt is no more than 0.75 percent at the point of mixture discharge. The Department will not accept uncoated o r non -uniform mixtures. Ensure deliveries to the storage silo or roadway are in accordance with the mix design during daily startup or shutdown of plant operations. Empty the plant and fill the cold feed bins with the proper aggregates before changing mixtures.
F.Mat Irregularities Ensure the mat is free of segregation, non -uniform texture, bleeding, fat spots, and cracking. HOT MIX ASPHALT / WARM MIX ASPHALT 411.04
G.Tack Coat If required by the Contract, provide a tack coat in accordance with Section 407, “Fog Seal and Tack Coat.”
H.Temperature and Weather Limitations Ensure the minimum surface temperature of the foundation is in accordance with Table 411:1. Table 411:1 Compacted Thickness and Surface Temperature Lift Thickness, in [mm] Surface Temperature, °F [C] Hot Mix Asphalt Warm Mix Asphalt (Foamed) Warm Mix Asphalt (Non -Foamed) >3 [>75] 40 [4] 35 [2] 35 [2] 2-3 [50 -75] 45 [7] 40 [4] 35 [2] <2 [<50] 50 [10] 45 [7] 40 [4] Do not place asphalt if frost exists in or on the foundation. Stop operations if the material becomes too cold to be leveled and consolidated. If it starts raining, stop plant production immediately. During adverse weather conditions, the Contractor may place material already in transit; however, the Contractor shall assume the risk of weather related impacts. Do not place SMA if the surface temperature is below 60 °F [16 °C].
I.Spreading and Finishing Remove foreign material from the surface of the foundation before placing asphalt. Place the asphalt on a dry surface with a paver in accordance with Subs ection 411.03.C, “Pavers .” Establish the alignment along one pavement edge with a string or wire line. Do not windrow a sphalt. Deliver the asphalt to the paver at the optimum temperature shown on the mix design ±25 °F [±14 °C] or as approved by Resident Engineer, but not to exceed plant mix temperature of 345 °F [174 °C]. Use hand tools to dump, spread, rake, and compact the asphalt to the compacted thickness in areas inaccessible to mechanical spreading and finishing equipment shown on the Plans. To ensure a continuous operation, operate the spreading and finishing machine at a uniform forward speed consistent with the pl ant production rate, hauling capacities, and roller train capability. Maintain a paver speed that will minimize stopping and starting between trucks. If the Resident Engineer determines that sporadic material delivery is adversely affecting the mat quali ty, the Resident Engineer may direct paving operations to suspend until the Contractor makes adjustments. Spread the asphalt mixture uniformly adjacent to curbs, gutters, manholes, and other structures so that the compacted surface is ¼ in [6 mm] above the edges of the structures. Before placing the mixture against these structures, clean and coat them with a thin, uniform tack coat in accordance with Section 407, “Fog Seal and Tack Coat.”
411.04 Hot Mix Asphalt / Warm Mix Asphalt
Correct unsatisfactory asphalt mat immed iately. The Resident Engineer may suspend paving operation until the Contractor produces a satisfactory result. Remove and replace unsatisfactory asphalt as directed by the Resident Engineer, at no additional cost to the Department.
J.Joints
1.General Stagger longitudinal and transverse joints on succeeding layers by 6 in [150 mm]. Construct longitudinal joints within 1 ft [0.3 m] of the lane lines, and ensure the longitudinal joints in the top asphalt layer, or in the layer upon which an open -graded f riction course will be placed, are at the lane lines. Bond and seal longitudinal and transverse joints. If making joints between old and new pavements, or between successive days’ work, create a continuous bond between the surfaces. Cut back the transver se edge of the previous course to its full depth to expose a fresh surface. Paint the edge with a tack coat and place the asphalt mixture directly against it. Rake the mixture to the depth and grade shown on the Plans.
2.Longitudinal Joint Density Perform a joint density evaluation at each pavement edge that is or will become a longitudinal joint for each lot or sublot at locations where roadway density tests are to be taken. Determine the joint density in accordance with OHD L -14. The joint density is considered failing if the density at the joint is more than 3.0 pcf below the density at the random sample location at the same station and the measured (by core or correlation) joint density is less than 90%. Investigate j oint density failures and take corrective actions during production and placement to improve the joint density. Suspend production if two (2) consecutive evaluations fail unless otherwise approved. Resume production after the Engineer approves changes to production or placement methods.
K.Compaction
1.General Operate compactors (rollers) in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. Perform the initial compaction for each placed layer of asphalt mixture using steel -drum rollers and follow with self-propelled pneumatic -tired rollers. Finish with a steel -drum roller. The Department requires at least two coverages with the pneumatic -tired roller on each layer. Use rakes and additional fresh material to correct the surface if mat displacement occ urs during rolling . Avoid displacing the line and grade of the edges of asphalt. Ensure the mixture does not adhere to the compactors. Compact the mixture using hot hand tampers, smoothing irons, or mechanical tampers for areas inaccessible to compaction equipment. If approved by the Resident Engineer, use a trench compactor to transmit compression to depressed areas. HOT MIX ASPHALT / WARM MIX ASPHALT 411.04 Remove mixture that is defective, loose, broken, or mixed with dirt, and replace with new asphalt, at no additional cost to the Department . Compact to conform to the surrounding area. Ensure the asphalt immediately behind the paver is at least 250 °F [121 °C] for HMA or 215°F [102°C] for WMA. Before the temperature of the asphalt drops below 140 °F [60 °C], compact thicker layers to the ta rget density and thinner layers to the optimum density in accordance with Subsection 411.04.K(2)(a), "Layers At Least 1½ in [38 mm] Thick," and Subsection 411.04.K(2)(b), "Layers Less Than 1½ in [38 mm] Thick."
2.Acceptance The Resident Engineer will accept layers at least 1½ in [38 mm] in nominal thickness on the basis of density in accordance with Subsection 411.04.K(2)(a), " Layers At Least 1½ in [38 mm] Thick." The Resident Engineer will accept layers less than 1½ inch [38 mm] in nominal thickness on the basis of compactive effort in accordance with Subsection 411.04.K(2)(b), "Layers Less Than 1½ in [38 mm] Thick." The Resident Engineer will accept layers of all thicknesses on a lot -by-lot basis. The Department considers a lot to be 1,000 ton [1,000 metric ton] of asphalt. The Resident Engineer may terminate a lot and designate a ne w one if the Contractor makes adjustments to the material or production and placement procedures.
a.Layers At Least 1½ in [38 mm] Thick Ensure the target density of each lot is 94 percent of the Maximum Theoretical Density, determined by the specific gravity of the asphalt in accordance with AASHTO T 209. The asphalt density for each lot is the average of three random samples from the lot. At times and locations directed by the Resident Engineer, saw or core samples from the pavement of at least 6 in [150 mm] on the cut side or diameter. The Department will perform tests on the samples or on the mat using a nuclear density gauge that has been correlated with roadway cores in accordance with OHD L-14.
411.04 Hot Mix Asphalt / Warm Mix Asphalt
Table 411:2 Pay Adjustments for Lot Density Pay Adjustment Factor (PAF) a % of Maximum Theoretical Density Average Lot Density (ALD) > 97.0c Unacceptable b 92.0 – 97.0c 1 91.0 – 91.9 1.00 − (0.07)(92.0 − ALD) 88.1 – 90.9 0.93 − (0.15)(91.0 − ALD) < 88.1 Unacceptable b a Use PAF for Roadway Density in the Combined Pay Factor equation in accordance with Subsection 411.04.N(2)(a), "Basis of Acceptance and Payment." b Unless otherwise directed by the Engineer, remove and replace unacceptable lots at no additional cost to the Department. c For Rich Intermediate Layer (RIL) only, change 97.0 to 98.0. The Department will base acceptance and pay adjustments on Department -approved tests in accordance with the following schedule:
b.Layers Less Than 1½ in [40 mm] Thick Use test strips and monitor asphalt placement daily to obtain approval for rolling patterns generating optimum compaction. While the Department considers the target to be 94 percent of Maximum Theoretical Density, the Resident Engineer will base acceptance on the Contractor’s performance, as approved by the Resident Engineer, to obtain optimum compaction. Compaction test strips consist of 500 yd² [500 m²] of asphalt pavement. Construct enough s trips to determine the number, size, and weight of compactors, and the number of coverages made by the compactors to obtain the acceptable density. Use an approved nuclear or non -nuclear density gauge to determine the density of the test strip. Construct a new compaction test strip if directed by the Resident Engineer or at least one of the following conditions exists: There is a change in the material or mix design; There is reason to believe a compaction test strip density is not representative of the material being placed; or The foundation material has changed significantly. Compact the asphalt in accordance with the approved rolling pattern. Ensure the rolling sequence, the type of compactor, and the maximum roller speed are in accordance with Table 411:3. HOT MIX ASPHALT / WARM MIX ASPHALT 411.04 Table 411:3 Rolling for Compaction Rolling Sequence Type of Compactor Maximum Roller Speed, ft/s [m/s] Initial Steel -Drum Or Pneumatic -Tired 3.7 [1.1] Intermediate Pneumatic -Tired 4.4 [1.3] Finish Static Steel -Drum 4.4 [1.3] Lower the production rate or add rollers to the paving operation to avoid exceeding the maximum roller speeds.
3.Documentation Document asphalt pavement work in accordance with Subsection 411.04.K(2 )(b), "Layers Less Than 1½ in [38 mm] Thick" if required by the Contract . Include records of the Resident Engineer’s directions and the resulting corrective actions. Ensure the records include a detailed description of the equipment, including we ight, tire pressure, speed, and the number of coverages. Ensure the roller operators and superintendent (or other Contractor representative), sign the records at the end of each day's operation. Immediately after signing, submit the records to the Reside nt Engineer for inspection. Submit the records to the Resident Engineer at the conclusion of work on each day in accordance with Subsection 411.04.K(2)(b), "Layers Less Than 1½ in [38 mm] Thick."
L.Tolerances
1.Surface Construct a finished pavement surface as shown on the Plans and in accordance with Subsection 401.04.A(1), “Surface Elevation and Smoothness.”
2.Width and Thickness Construct a finished pavement structure in conformance to the widths and thicknesses of individual layers and the total thicknesses of asphalt shown on the Plans or directed by the Resident Engineer.
M.Opening to Traffic Do not allow traffic on the pavement until after final rolling a nd the pavement has cooled sufficiently to ensure traffic will not damage the pavement surface. Use water or other artificial means to assist in cooling, as approved by the Resident Engineer.
N.Mix Properties
1.General Provide quality control personnel to ensure the production of acceptable products. Ensure the quality control personnel oversee the process control of asphalt materials during handling, mixing, and placing operations. 411. 04 HOT MIX ASPHALT / WARM MIX ASPHALT At no time will the Resident Engineer provide instructions to the Cont ractor or producer as to the setting of dials, gauges, scales, or meters; however, the Resident Engineer may advise the Contractor or producer against continuing any operations or sequences of operations that will result in non -compliance with the Contract requirements.
2.Acceptance The Resident Engineer will accept and pay for, or reject, each lot of asphalt pavement as defined in accordance with the following:
a.Basis of Acceptance and Payment The Resident Engineer will consider asphalt cement content , air voids, and roadway density to determine acceptance and payment for asphalt pavement. The Resident Engineer may use several test methods to determine acceptability of asphalt cement content, air voids, and roadway density (in accordance with Subsection 411.04.K, “Compaction”) . The Resident Engineer will only use one test method, but may perform several tests using that method to measure each characteristic. The Resident Engineer will calculate the average deviation for each characteristic in accordance with Table 411:4, "Acceptance Schedule," and use the average to determine acceptance and calculate pay factors. For the characteristics of asphalt cement content and air voids , the Resident Engineer will disregard algebraic signs of the deviations to calculate averages. The Resident Engineer will address deviations above or below the target for these characteristics. Perform sieve analyses in accordance with Subsection 708.04, “Composition of Mixtures,” or as modified by the special provisions. If a sieve analysis result does not fall within the tolerances specified in the JMF, provide test results that demonstrate that the asphalt mixture meets the following requirements in accordance with Subsection 708.04, “Composition of Mixtures” : The gradation falls within the broad band; and The air voids at N des and VMA fall within the ranges. The Department will require a new mix design if the broad band gradation, air voids at N des, or VMA requirements are not met. The Resident Engineer will apply calculated pay factors for asphalt cement content, air voids, and roadway density to all acceptable asphalt pavement . The Resident Engineer may consider additional pay factors for other characteristics including but not limited to smoothness. The Resident Engineer will base the total pay adjustments for deficiencies on the following: All pay adjustments will be based on the individual pay factors shown in Table 411:2, “Pay Adjustments for Lot Density” and Table 411:4, “Acceptance Schedule.” Except for smoothness, pay factors will be applied on a lot by lot b asis. For smoothness, pay factors will be applied on an extent by extent basis. Pay adjustments on lots, (all characteristics except smoothness) as each 1,000 ton (1,000 metric ton) lot is complete, will be made for deficiencies in asphalt cement content, roadway HOT MIX ASPHALT / WARM MIX ASPHALT 411.04 density, and air voids using the following formulas. If test results are incomplete at that time, an interim adjustment will be made assuming pay factors of 1.00 for the then unknown characteristics and corrected later when testing is completed. The Resident Engineer will determine the total pay adjustment (combined pay factor) for asphalt pavement with deviations, using the following equation: CPFRD AC AV 4 3 3 Where CPF = Combined pay factor, RD = Pay factor for roadway density, AC = Pay factor for asphalt cement content, and AV = Pay factor for air voids. For layers less than 1½ in [38 mm] thick, the Resident Engineer will use a pay factor of “one" for roadwa y density. For permeable friction course, open -graded friction surface course, and open -graded bituminous base mixes, that do not have a target roadway density or target for air voids, the Resident Engineer will use pay factors of "one" for both roadway d ensity and air voids.
b.Resident Engineer’s Acceptance Procedures Once a lot has been defined, maintain its identity throughout the mixing and placement process. The Resident Engineer may perform varying amounts of the following sampling and testing per lot. Asphalt cement content test: one mixture sample randomly selected, split and test ed in accordance with Table 411:4. Roadway density: three specimens randomly selected and each test ed, averaged, and considered as one test in accordance with Table 411:2 . Run o ne maximum theoretical specific gravity test or if applicable run two and average as one test split from the mixture sample. Air voids (lab -molded): two specimens split from mixture sampl e, tested, averaged, and considered as one test in accordance with Table 411:4.
411.05 Hot Mix Asphalt / Warm Mix Asphalt
The Resident Engineer will use Table 411:4 for determining acceptance and calculating pay factors: Table 411:4 Acceptance Schedule Characteristics 1 Test Pay Factor Deviation from JMF (Without Regard to Sign) Asphalt Cement Content (Extraction, Nuclear or Ignition Oven) Target JMF Percent 0.00 – 0.40 1 0.41 – 0.80 1.40 - (Deviation from JMF) >0.80 Unacceptable b Asphalt Cement Content (Digital Printout from Hot -Mix Plant) Target JMF Percent 0.00 – 0.20 1 0.21 – 0.30 1.80 - 4 x (Deviation from JMF) >0.30 Unacceptable b Average of Deviations from Target (Without Regard to Sign) Air Void 0.00 – 1.50 1 (Lab Molded Samples) a 1.51 – 2.50 −0.16 X + 0.24 X + 1.00 Target >2.50 Unacceptable b (Superpave, SMA) = 4% Target (RBL) = 2% Target (RIL) = 3% a X is the average of deviations. b Unless otherwise directed by the Resident Engineer, remove and replace unacceptable lots at no additional cost to the Department.
O.Patching Patch existing asphalt pavement as shown on the Plans or as directed by the Resident Engineer.
411.05 Method of Measuremen T
The Resident Engineer will measure asphalt pavement as a combined mixture including the aggregate, liquid asphalt, and other materials required in accordance with the mix design. The Resident Engineer will measure bituminous material by the gallon [liter] or ton [metric ton]. HOT MIX ASPHALT / WARM MIX ASPHALT 411.06
411.06 Basis of Payment
A.G eneral The Department will pay for each pay item at the contract unit price per the specified pay unit as follows: Pay Item: Pay Unit:
A.SUPERPAVE, TYPE S2 Ton [Metric Ton]
B.SUPERPAVE, TYPE S3 Ton [Metric Ton]
C.SUPERPAVE, TYPE S4 Ton [Metric Ton]
D.SUPERPAVE, TYPE S5 Ton [Metric Ton]
E.SUPERPAVE, TYPE S6 Ton [Metric Ton]
F.STONE MATRIX ASPHALT Ton [Metric Ton]
G.RICH BOTTOM LAYER Ton [Metric Ton]
H.SUPERPAVE, TYPE S3, (PATCHING) Ton [Metric Ton]
I.SUPERPAVE, TYPE S4, (PATCHING) Ton [Metric Ton]
J.RICH INTERMEDIATE LAYER Ton [Metric Ton] The Department will pay for asphalt by the lot, in accordance with Subsection 411.04.N (2), “Acceptance,” on the basis of acceptance test res ults. The Department will pay for asphalt used for control strip requirements in accordance with Subsection 411.04.D, “Control Strip Requirements,” and Subsection 105.03, “Conformi ty with Plans and Specifications.” Include the cost of startup operations in the contract unit price for the relevant asphalt pavement pay item. Include the cost of cutting samples and replacing sample materials in the contract unit price for the relevant asphalt pay item. The Department will pay for tack coat in accordance with Section 407, “Fog Seal and Tack Coat.”
B.Price Adjustment for Asphalt Binder The price adjustment for asphalt binder is intended to provide additional compensation to the Contractor or a credit to the Department for fluctuations in asphalt binder prices. The price adjustment is dependent upon a change in the average price of asphalt binder which results in an increase or decrease in the price of product s utilized on the project.
1.Payment Payment will be made to the Contractor for monthly fluctuation in the price of asphalt binder used in performing the applicable items of Asphalt Concrete work as listed in the table below when the asphalt binder price fluctuates by more than 3% from the base price defined below. Payments may be positive, negative, or nonexistent depending on the circumstances. Payments or deductions will only be calculated on that portion of the asphalt binder p rice fluctuation that
411.06 Hot Mix Asphalt / Warm Mix Asphalt
exceeds the 3% specified above. Payments or deductions for the asphalt binder price adjustment will be included in the Contractor’s progressive estimates; and the payment or deduction authorized for each estimate will be based upon t he algebraic difference between the quantities for applicable items of work. The Asphalt Binder Price Adjustment will be a dollar amount paid as compensation to the Contractor, or as a credit to the Department as reflected on the Progressive (or Final) Est imate Summary Report as line item adjustments.
2.Asphalt Binder Price Adjustment (ABPA) The Asphalt Binder Price Adjustment (ABPA) for the current estimate will be computed according to the following formula: ABPA = Q x F x D Where ABPA = Asphalt bind er price adjustment, in dollars; Q = The algebraic difference between the quantities for the applicable items on the current estimate and the quantities shown on the previous estimate, in tons of mix; F = The Asphalt Binder Use Factor for the applicable it ems of work subject to this price adjustment, as listed in Table 411:5; D = Allowable price differential, in dollars. Table 411:5 Asphalt Binder Use Factor ITEM OF WORK SPEC. No. ASPHALT BINDER USE FACTOR PER UNIT (English and Metric units) Ultra -Thin Bonded Wearing Course (UTBWC) 404 0.046 ton of binder per ton of mix Permeable Friction Course 405 0.062 ton of binder per ton of mix Open Graded Friction Surface Course (OGFSC) 406 0.055 ton of binder per ton of mix Asphalt Concrete, Type S-2 411(A) 0.041 ton of binder per ton of mix Asphalt Concrete, Type S -3 411(B) 0.043 ton of binder per ton of mix Asphalt Concrete, Type S -4 411(C) 0.050 ton of binder per ton of mix Asphalt Concrete, Type S -5 411(D) 0.055 ton of binder per ton of mix HOT MIX ASPHALT / WARM MIX ASPHALT 411.06 Table 411:5 Asphalt Binder Use Factor ITEM OF WORK SPEC. No. ASPHALT BINDER USE FACTOR PER UNIT (English and Metric units) Asphalt Concrete, Type S -6 411(E) 0.060 ton of binder per ton of mix SMA 411(F) 0.064 ton of binder per ton of mix Asphalt Concrete, Type RBL 411(G) 0.056 ton of binder per ton of mix Asphalt Concrete, Type RIL 411(J) 0.058 ton of binder per ton of mix When the units of measure in this contract for the items of work listed in the table do not correspond with the units shown in the table (i.e. Asphalt Concrete paid by the square yard, etc.), those items will not be subject to the terms of this special provision or any asphalt binder price adjustment. The allowable price differential, “D ,” for the current estimate will be computed according to the following formulas: TABLE 411:6 Allowable Price Differential When the current price, P, is greater than the base price, P (b) . D = P - [1.03 x P(b) ], but not less than zero. When the current price, P, is less than the base price, P (b) . D = P - [ 0.97 x P(b) ], but not greater than zero. P, the asphalt binder current price in dollars per ton (metric ton), is the Monthly Asphalt Binder Price Index for the month in which the estimate pay period ends. P(b), the asphalt binder base price in dollars per ton (metric ton), is the Monthly Asphal t Binder Price Index for the month in which the bids for the work were received. The Department will establish the Monthly Asphalt Binder Price Index each month and post the information to the Department website at: http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/contractadmin/pdfs/binder -index.pdf
3.Asphalt Binder Index Determination The Monthly Asphalt Binder Price Index will be determined by calculating the average of the minimum and m aximum prices for performance -graded binder using the Selling Price of PG64 -22
412.04 Cold -Milling Pavement
paving grade, as listed under “Midwest/Mid -Continent Markets - MISSOURI/KANSAS/OKLAHOMA - Tulsa, Oklahoma/Southern Kansas .” The publication used to establish each Monthly Aspha lt Binder Price Index will be the Asphalt Weekly Monitor® furnished by Poten & Partners, Inc. The issue of the Asphalt Weekly Monitor® used will be for the last full week in the previous month received by the Department prior to the first day of the index month. If the specified publication ceases to be available for any reason, the Department at its discretion will select and begin using a substitute price source or index to establish the Monthly Asphalt Binder Price Index.
4.Supplemental Items Subject to Adjustment Items included in the contract that are listed in the table above are subject to adjustment in accordance with this provision, regardless of any amount of overrun to the plan quantity. Any new items of work added to th e Contract by supplemental agreement that are listed in the table above, will be subject to the asphalt binder price adjustments in accordance with this provision. The base asphalt binder price, P (b), for any newly added eligible items will be the same P (b) as the eligible items in the Contract and the new unit price established by supplemental agreement will be determined accordingly. SECTION 412 COLD -MILLING PAVEMENT
412.01 Description
This work consists of cold -milling and removing pavement surfaces to the specified depth, and removing ridges, ruts, and imperfections.
412.02 Materials — Vacant
412.03 Equipment
Provide a milling machine that: Can plane at least 1½ in [40 mm] deep in a single pass; Is self -propelled; Has the power, traction, and stability to maintain accurate depth of cut and slope; Automatically establishes profile grades along each side of the milling machine by referring to the existing pavement with a ski or matching shoe, or by an independ ent grade control; Automatically controls cross slope; and Has an integral loading mechanism to remove the material cut from the pavement surface and discharge it into a truck in one operation.
412.04 Construction Methods
Mill the existing pavement to the line, grade, and cross section shown on the plans, and provide a milled surface that has a uniform texture and a smooth riding surface for traffic. Ensure no deviations are
Source: Oklahoma Standard Specifications for Highway Construction, 2019 Edition. Pages 251–267 of 935.