214.05 Basis of Payment.
214.05 Basis of Payment.
a.Structure Excavatio n. Payment will be made for the number of cubic yards {cubic meters}, measured as detailed above, at the contract unit price bid for Structure Excavation. Such payment shall be payment in full for furnishing all materials, equipment, tools, labor, pumping, bailing, draining, and all incidentals necessary to complete the work and shall include installation and removal of any cribs, cofferdams, shoring, sheeting, or other protection, the satisfactory disposal of any unsuitable material from the excavation, an d the placement and compaction in backfill or embankment of the material excavated and suitable for such use.
b.Foundation Backfill . Payment for the calculated cubic yards {cubic meters} of this material, determined as noted herein, will be made at the c ontract unit price bid which shall be full compensation of the item complete in place and includes furnishing of all material, placement, compaction and all equipment, tools, labor, and incidentals necessary to complete the work.
c.Payment will be made u nder Item No .: 214-A Structure Excavation - per cubic yard {cubic meter} 214-B Foundation Backfill, Local/Commercial - per cubic yard {cubic meter} EXCAVATION FOR BRIDGES
215.01 Description.
The work under t his Section shall cover foundation excavation for bridge structures which includes the removal of all material, of whatever nature, necessary for the construction of foundations and substructures, including backfill, all in accordance with the plans or as directed by the Engineer. It shall, unless otherwise stipulated by the plans or proposal, include the furnishing of all necessary equipment and the construction of all sheeting and shoring, cribs, cofferdams, caissons, dewatering, etc., which may be necess ary for the execution of the work. It shall also include the subsequent removal of these items and the placement of all necessary backfill as hereinafter specified. It shall also include the disposing of excavated material, not required for backfill, in a manner and in locations as approved by the Engineer. The item of Cofferdam and Pumping, when specified on the plans, shall not be covered under this Section. Attention is directed to Section 503 for the requirements of this item.
215.02 Classification of M aterial.
Excavation for bridges shall include all material removed except water or other liquids. Excavation of material for bridges not within the classification of roadway or drainage excavation will be Unclassified Bridge Excavation.
215.03 Construction Requirements.
a.Inspection .
1.Notification . The Contractor shall notify the Engineer a sufficient time in advance of the beginning of the excavation for each structure, so that elevation and measurements may be taken of the existing ground. No payment will be made for material removed or excavated before these measurements have been taken.
2.Approval . Ample opportunity shall be given the Engineer for the inspection of foundation pits and the measurement of material removed. In no case shall a foundation be closed to view until it has been inspected and approved.
3.Change in Foundation Elevations . When in the Contractor's opinion, rock, or other firm foundation material of equal bearing value is encountered at an elevation above that shown f or the footing, and at a location not subject to
215.03 Construction Requirements.
erosion or scour, the Contractor shall notify the Engineer in order that he may investigate and determine if it is advisable to raise the bottom of the footing. When the excavation for a footing has been com pleted to the approximate elevation shown on the plans without encountering satisfactory foundation material, the Contractor shall notify the Engineer in order that he may make an inspection and investigation, such investigation to consist of drilling, pro bing or jetting by the Contractor, a maximum of 4 holes per footing, each hole a maximum depth of 20 feet {6 m}. No direct payment will be made for this operation. If additional holes are required they will be paid for as provided in Article 104.03. The En gineer will then fix the proper elevation of the footing or decide upon its treatment.
4.Drilling or Probing. When apparently satisfactory foundation material has been reached, the Contractor shall drill or probe not more than 4 exploratory holes to a max imum depth of 10 feet {3 m}. The drilling will not be required if a note is shown on the plans to waive this requirement. No direct payment will be made for this operation. If additional holes are required, they will be paid for as provided in Article 104. 03.
b.Depth and Size of Excavation . The excavation for the bottom of the footing shall be carried to the depth as shown on the plans or as designated. The design and elevation of footings are based on soundings taken at certain points for design purposes only. These soundings may or may not be representative of the actual conditions encountered during construction. Bidders must assume the risk of having to excavate to a greater or lesser depth without altering the contract unit prices in the proposal, exc ept as hereinafter set forth, and the footing elevations shown on the plans shall be considered as approximate only. The Engineer may order in writing such changes in dimensions or elevations of footings as may be necessary to secure satisfactory foundations for the structure. The size of the excavation shall in all cases be ample to accommodate necessary forms down to rock, marl, Selma chalk or similar hard material suitable for embedment of footings; excavation in such materials shall be as near as possib le to the neat lines of the footings and the footings poured without the use of forms. In hard materials which cannot be cut to neat lines with a pneumatic spade, line drilling along the neat lines not to exceed 9 inch {230 mm} centers will be required. In dry soils, suitable for footing embedment, capable of providing stable, neat footing lines, permission may be given to allow pouring of footings without the use of forms; otherwise, the excavation shall be sufficient for forming the foundations. The horiz ontal limits of excavation shall not extend beyond what is required for sheeting, bracing, forms and reinforcing cages.
c.Cofferdams or Sheeting and Shoring . Cofferdams or sheeting and shoring will be required in foundation excavation work when work is adjacent to pavement, sidewalks, railroad tracks, utilities, etc., when the material encountered is unstable, when such excavation will present a hazardous or undesirable condition, or when necessitated due to water conditions. Materials and design to be used for this work will be determined by the Contractor. Working drawings and design calculations will only be required if the foundation work is within an area adjacent to the trackline. These areas are where a railroad company will require adequately designed cofferdams, sheeting and shoring to protect the stability of the trackline during construction. The Contractor shall contact the railroad company to obtain the design requirements for the cofferdams, sheeting and shoring. Working drawings and design calculations for cofferdams, sheeting and shoring shall be submitted in accordance with the requirements given in Article 105.02. If a seal is required in a coff erdam covered under this Section, it shall meet all of the requirements, and be measured for payment in accordance with Section 503.
d.General Backfill . All material used for backfill shall be soil of an acceptable quality. All spaces excavated and not occupied by abutments, piers or other permanent work shall be backfilled. Backfill around all units of a structure shall be completed as soon as practical after the unit has obtained the required strength. Bracing, form s and rubbish shall be removed from the excavated area before backfilling is commenced. Backfill within the limits of the roadway shall be as required by Section 210; all other backfill, except that placed below water level, shall be tamped and compacted a s required by the Engineer.
215.04 Method of Measurement.
e.Foundation Backfill . If the surface upon which the footing is to be placed becomes soft or muddy and will not dry out after the excavation has been dewatered, the Engineer may direct that a foundation course of approved free draining commercial material, as specified in Subarticle 214.02(b), be used under the footing. If this soft and muddy condition occurred through no fault or negligence of the Contractor, the Engineer, at his discretion, may order payment to be paid under Item No. 214 -B, Foundation Backfill, Commercial. If this Item is not in the contract, then payment will be made as Extra Work as specified in Article 104.03 and Article 109.04. When the above condition was the result, in the opinion of the Engineer, of negligence on the part of the Contractor, no payment will be made for the required foundation backfill. Compaction shall be as directed by the Engineer.
f.Preservation of Stream Banks and Channel . The natural ground adjacent to the structure shall not be disturbed without permission of the Engineer. Unless otherwise specified, no excavation shall be made outside of caissons, cribs, cofferdams, steel piling or sheeting. The natural stream bed adjacent to the structure shall not be disturbed without perm ission from the Engineer. If any excavation or dredging is permitted at the site of the structure before caissons, cribs or cofferdams, or piling are placed, the Contractor shall, without extra compensation and after the foundation is in place, backfill al l such excavations to the original or established ground surface or stream bed with satisfactory material. No material or debris shall be deposited in any designated navigation channel during construction except with the approval of the Engineer. Such mate rial or debris shall be removed to the normal navigation channel depth prior to completion and acceptance of the contract. Any material or debris resulting from the Contractor's operations deposited outside any designated navigation channel or other stream s during construction except such fill as may be ordered as a permanent part of the work shall be removed and the channel freed from all obstructions before completion of the work.
g.Disposal of Surplus and Unsuitable Material . Surplus excavated material , after piers and abutments are backfilled, shall be used to obliterate construction scars at or near the bridge site, to smooth out depressions in and near the stream banks or as otherwise directed by the Engineer.
215.04 Method of Measurement.
a.Unclas sified Bridge Excavation . When listed as a pay item in the contract, the quantity of Unclassified Bridge Excavation will be the number of cubic yards {meters} of material excavated, measured and calculated in its original position, subject to the following limitations:
a.The volume measured will be that actually removed (except for seal concrete footings); however, no measurement will be made for material removed outside of the area bounded by vertical planes 1 foot {300 mm} outside of the footing and para llel thereto down to hard material described in Subarticle 215.03(b) or for material excavated outside neat lines of footings in such hard material. For stepped footings the volume will be measured and computed separately for each step. When the size of a footing is reduced after the Contractor excavated for a larger footing as directed, the excavation will be measured based on the larger footing.
b.Water or other liquid will not be classed as excavated material and no measurement or direct payment will be made for their removal.
c.No measurement or payment will be made for excavation in pile abutments nor for any pile encasements.
d.No measurement or payment will be made for the excavation required for the construction of abutment caps on drilled shaft f oundations.
e.No measurement will be made for material removed below the elevation designated to be the bottom of the footing, unless removal of said material is ordered. Excavation necessary and incidental to the cleaning or excavating of crevices in the floor of a foundation pit below the established footing elevation will not be measured for payment.
f.No measurement will be made for the removal of material raised by driving piles or for the removal of material that flows through or over cofferdams or caissons.
g.The measurement of the volume of excavation for a seal concrete footing shall be calculated from the following: L = Length of footing shown on contract plans (feet {meters});
215.05 Basis of Payment.
W = Width of footing shown on contract plans (feet {meters}); D = Final approved elevation of the bottom of the footing (feet {meters}); B = Average elevation of the mud line or groundline (river bottom) at the cofferdam (feet {meters}); Ve = Volume of excavation for which payment will be made (cubic yards {cubic meters}). Ve = L x W x ( B - D ) / 27 {Ve = L x W x ( B - D )} Excavation outside of these limits of measurement may be required for the construction of a seal concrete footing, depending on the details of construction selected by the contractor. No direct payment will be made for any excavation outside of the footing plan dimensions shown on the contract plans.
b.Cofferdams or Sheeting and Shoring . Each accepted Cofferdams or Sheeting and Shoring unit will be measured for payment as a lump sum unit . A unit shall consist of all piers, bents, and abutments on a specific bridge which are not designated by the plans for Item 503 -B, Cofferdam and Pumping. Partial payments will be allowed on monthly estimates in accordance with Subarticle 215.05(a)2.
215.05 Basis of Payment.
a.Unit Price Coverage .
1.Unclassified Bridge Excavation. Payment for the yardage of Unclassified Bridge Excavation as provided above shall be payment in full for the furnishing of all materials, equipment, tools, labor, pumping, bailing, drainage, sealing crevices, backfilling (including foundation backfill), co mpacting, disposal of excavated material, and for all incidentals necessary to complete the work in accordance with the plans and these specifications. If a footing is lowered below the elevation shown on the plans, adjustments in the unit price for all of the Unclassified Bridge Excavation of the footing involved will be made as follows: Depth Lowered Below Plan Elevation Bid Price Plus 0 to 3 feet {1 m} 0% Over 3 feet {1 m} to 6 feet {2 m} 50% Over 6 feet {2 m} to 10 feet {3 m} 75% Over 10 feet {3 m} 100% For stepped footings, the above adjustments will be computed separately for each step.
2.Cofferdams or Sheeting and Shoring. Payment for a lump sum unit of Cofferdams or Sheeting and Shoring as provided above shall be payment in full for the furn ishing of all materials, equipment, tools, and labor necessary to complete the construction of the specified piers, bents, and abutments and the removal and disposal of any cofferdams or other temporary construction used in the prosecution of the work. Payment for each accepted Cofferdams or Sheeting and Shoring unit will be made at the contract lump sum price bid for each unit, complete in place. Partial payments will be made on monthly estimates based on the percentage of the total work performed on each unit as estimated by the Engineer. In making this estimate each pier or bent considered as part of a unit will be given an equal percentage of the total unit. Upon completion of the foundation above ground line at a particular pier or bent, that percenta ge of the total unit may be paid. No consideration will be given for additional compensation for this item when footing elevations are lowered less than 10 feet {3 m}, such being considered incidental to the work. If elevations are lowered 10 feet {3 m} or more, consideration will be given for additional costs caused by the revised elevations in accordance with Article 109.04.
b.Payment will be made under Item No .: 215-A Unclassified Bridge Excavation - per cubic yard { cubic meter} 215-B Cofferdams or Sheeting and Shoring, * , ** - per lump sum * Station Number, Bridge Number, Ramp Number, etc. ** Lane, if applicable.
217.01 Description.
SECTION 217 SPECIAL PROTECTION FOR ROCK SLOPES
217.01 Description.
This Section shall cover the work of providing special treatments to rock slopes for protection against excessive weathering, popouts, and other detrimental conditions which may endanger the highway roadbed. In general the following metho ds, used as directed by the Engineer, shall be applied to exposed rock surfaces or rock surfaces exposed by the construction. • Rock Bolting - This work shall cover the anchoring of large blocks of rock which may be bounded by joints or cracks that might pro ve unstable by bolting them to more solid sections of rock. • Seam Sealing - This work shall cover the partial removal of relatively thin seams of very soft unsatisfactory material and the resealing of the seams with a durable cap of concrete. • Asphalt Surfac ing - This work shall cover the surfacing of relatively flat horizontal sections of rock berms with an asphalt surface to prevent excessive wear or weathering of soft, unstable rock. • Pneumatic Concrete Blanket - This work shall cover the construction of a protective blanket layer of concrete over an area of broken or loose boulders and/or unstable rock to prevent fallouts from erosion and weathering. Special attention is directed to the fact that the items of work provided under this section are estimated a nd cannot be accurately determined until the work is exposed; therefore, only the amounts actually used will be measured for payment and no claims will be considered for extra compensation due to overruns or underruns of the items covered by this Section.
217.02 Materials.
a.General . All materials furnished for use under this Section shall conform to the applicable sections of
Division 800 — , Materials, unless noted herein or provided on the plans.
b.Rock Bolting . Material fabricated for use in the rock bolting operations shall conform to the following:
1.Bolts .
a.Slotted. All slotted bolts shall be steel conforming to the requirements of ASTM A 588, Grade A.
b.Headed. All headed bolts shall be steel conforming to the requirements of ASTM A 588, Grade A.
2.Wedges . All wedges shall be steel conforming to the requirements of ASTM A 588, Grade A.
3.Expansion Shells . All expansion shells shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A 47, Specification for Malleable Iron Castings, Grade 32510. Tapered plugs used with expansion shells shall be forged from steel conforming to the requirements of ASTM A 663 and A 675, Grade 60 to 65.
4.Roof Plates. All roof plates shall be steel conforming to the requirements of ASTM A 242, Type 2, or ASTM A 588, Grade A.
217.03 Construction Details.
a.Rock Bolting .
1.General . Rock bolts shall be installed at the direction of the Engineer at any point where the stability of the rock cut is questionable. When bolting is deemed desirable, it shall be done as quickly as possible. Rocks should be kept tight and not pulled back into place once it has been loosened by successive blasting or cons truction operations. The holes for the rock bolts shall be drilled as closely as possible to the diameter recommended by the manufacturer of the wedge or shell.
Source: Alabama Standard Specifications for Highway Construction, 2022 Edition. Pages 131–134 of 934.