202.01 202-1 SECTION 202 REMOVAL OF STRUCTURES AND OBSTRUCTIONS DESCRIPTION
202.01 This work consists of the removal and disposal of trees, slope and ditch protection,
abandoned utility services, curb, gutter , pipes, sidewalk , structures, bridges or parts of bridges, railroad appurtenances , traffic control devices , impact attenuators, guardrail , fences, foundations , detours, pavements, pavement markings, and all other obstructions that are not designated or permitted to remain. It shall also include salvaging, stockpiling and loading salvable materials, sandblasting, plugging structures, cleaning culverts, and sawin g and cutting to facilitate controlled breaking and removal of concrete and asphalt to a neat line. Except in areas to be excavated, the resulting trenches, holes , and pits shall be backfilled. This work also consists of plugging and abandoning water wells as designated in the Contract. Materials removed and not designated in the Contract to be salvaged or incorporated into the work shall become the property of the Contractor. This work consists of removal of the existing bridge(s) at the locations shown in the plans. Bridge removal shall consist of the complete removal of all superstructure and substructure elements including caissons and piling to a depth of at least two (2) f eet below finished grade unless otherwise shown on the plans. Time limitations for the work shall be as shown in the contract and/or plans. CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
202.02 General. The Contractor shall raze, remove, and dispose of all structures and
obstructions that are identified on the project, except utilities, structures and obstructions removed under other contractual agreements, and salvable material designated to remain the property of the Department. Basements and other cavities left by structure removal shall be filled to the level of the surrounding ground with suitable material and, if within the construction limits, shall be compacted per subsection 203.06. Bridges, culverts, and other drainage structures shall not be removed until satisfactory arrangements have been made to accommodate traffic and drainage. Blasting or other operations used to remove existing structures or obstructions, which may damage new construction, shall be completed before placing the new work. Where portions of structures are to be removed, the portions designated to remain shall be prepared to fit the new construction and shall be protected from damage. All damage to structures designated to remain in place shall be repaired at the Contractor's expense. Method of repair shall be approved by the Engineer. Sawing of concrete shall be done to a true line, with a vertical face, unless otherwise specified. The minimum depth of a saw cut in concrete shall be 2 inches or to the depth of the reinforcing steel, whichever occurs first. Removed concrete and asphalt material may be used to construct embankments per subsection 203.07. 202.02 202-2 Where culverts or sewers are to be left in place and plugged, the ends of concrete or masonry culverts shall be filled with suitable material. The ends of corrugated metal pipe culverts shall be crushed. Culvert and sewer ends are to be sufficiently filled or crushed to prevent future settlement of embankments. Plugging of culverts shall include removal of headwalls and other appurtenances where necessary to accommodate the work. Procedures for abandoning water wells shall conform to the Revised and Amended Rules and Regulations of the State of Colorado, Division of Water Resources, Board of Examiners of Water Well Construction and Pump Installation Contractors, (Board). The State Engineer who acts for the Board is located at 818 Centennial Bldg., 1313 Sherman St., Denver, CO 80203 (Phone 303- 866-3587). The Contractor shall properly plug and abandon the designated wells and file an abandonment report for each. An abandonment report shall be prepared using Form GWS -9 obtained from the Board at the above address. The report shall describe the well locatio n and how it was plugged. This report shall be submitted to the Board, with a copy given to the Project Engineer, within 60 days after performing the work. Existing guardrail shall not be removed unless the need for the guardrail has been eliminated or the hazard has been protected or delineated. The duration and manner of protection or delineation shall be submitted in writing for approval by the Engineer. Perform the removal of the existing bridges per the requirements in this specification and Standard Specification 107.06. The Construction Plan requirements shown in Revision of Section 107 -Performance of Safety Critical Work shall be included in the Bridg e Removal Plan. When removal operations are located over or in proximity to a railroad or any live water way, additional coordination including potential incident emergency/risk management notifications with the railroad or other agency (United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), US Fish and Wildlife Service, US Forest Service, etc.) shall be required. The Contractor shall submit a B ridge Removal Plan to the Engineer for review and acceptance at least 2 weeks prior to the Pre -removal Conference. This Plan shall detail procedures, sequences, and all features required to perform the removal in a safe and controlled manner . The Bridge Removal Plan shall be prepared by the Contractor’s Engineer and contain the Seal of a Professional Engineer registered in the State of Colorado. The Contractor’s Engineer shall stamp and sign the Bridge Removal Plan “Approved for Construction”. Submit the Bridge Remova l Plan to the Engineer of Record, the corresponding CDOT Region Bridge Unit Leader and the Engineer for review and concurrence with general specification compliance, but it will not be approved. Submit comments from the referenced reviewers of the Bridge R emoval Plan in writing to the Contractor within seven calendar days from receipt of the plan and prior to the Pre -removal Conference. Acceptance of the Bridge Removal Plan will be contingent upon the Contractor adequately addressing all written comments to the satisfaction of the Engineer. The Bridge Removal Plan shall provide complete details of the bridge removal process, including:
1.The removal sequence corresponding to the construction phasing shown on the plans, including calculations and analysis of the Contractor’s removal equipment as related to loading capacity and any crane bearing during the removal operations. Sequence of operation shall include a detailed schedule that complies with the working hour limitations. 202.02 202-3
2.Equipment descriptions including size, number, type, capacity, backup/standby need, and location of equipment during removal operations.
3.Roles, responsibilities, and positioning of all CDOT project management, construction supervision, and critical workers during removal activities. Include instructions for communicating and managing a ‘safe- all stop’ scenario in this section, if unexpected hazards are discovered during the activity.
4.Shoring that exceeds 5 feet in height, all falsework and bracing. Shoring design shall follow the AASHTO Guide Design Specifications for Bridge Temporary Works, or other design standard as approved by the Engineer.
5.Shoring construction, including verification and proof testing shall be per Section 206. Shoring will not be measured and paid for separately but shall be included in the cost of item 202 – Removal of Bridge, unless otherwise provided on the plans or as directed by the Engineer.
6.Details, locations, and types of protective coverings to be used. The protective covering shall prevent materials, equipment, and debris from falling onto the property below. When removal operations are located over or in proximity to a live waterway, railroad, or pedestrian/bicycle path, additional width of protective covering sufficient to protect these facilities shall be required. Include detailed methods of protection of the existing roadway facilities, including measures to assure that people, prop erty, utilities, and improvements will not be endangered. Consider a catastrophic, unplanned failure of the structure during demolition as worst -case scenario.
7.Detailed methods for protection of live waterways including minimization of turbidity and sedimentation, and protection of existing wetlands.
8.Detailed methods for mitigation of fugitive dust resulting from the demolition.
9.Details for dismantling, removing, loading, and hauling steel elements.
10.Locations of railroad tracks, roadways, utilities (overhead and underground), structures or facilities located within the area of the bridge removal operations.
11.Detailed methods of fire suppression.
12.Methods of Handling Traffic, including bicycles and pedestrians, in a safe and controlled manner.
13.Details for managing project communications, media, and on -looking public during demolition as needed.
14.Contingency planning for unexpected weather.
15.Details for emergency and post -incident management in a catastrophic failure or other serious incident or worker injury. 202.02 202-4 The Contractor’s Engineer shall be responsible for the stability of the existing “in service” structure for any deviation from the bridge removal limits shown on the construction phasing plans. The Contractor is also responsible for the protection of any portion of the structure to remain in place for later phases, including protection from the Contractor’s construction activities. Use the more stringent criteria of the design guidelines, when a temporary works or demolition guideline is provided by a railroad or local agency. Hold a Pre -removal Conference at least seven days prior to the beginning of removal of the bridge. The Engineer, Staff Bridge, the Contractor, the subcontractor performing the removal(s), the Contractor’s Engineer, the Traffic Control Supervisor (TCS), an d CDOT/Project Communications Staff shall attend the Pre- removal Conference. Finalize the Bridge Removal Plan at this Conference. Record meeting minutes and the attendance list. The Contractor’s Engineer shall seal items (1) and (4) listed above in the final Bridge Removal Plan. Demonstrate with adequate calculations that the loads and impact of the Contractor’s demolition equipment do not impose detrimental effects on the stability of the structure remaining after the end of each phase of removal. Review these calculations before traffic is allowed to resume in its normal configuration. The final Bridge Removal Plan shall be stamped “Approved for Construction” and sealed by the Contractor’s Engineer. The Contractor shall address all written comments from the Engineer and submit a final Bridge Removal Plan to the Engineer. The Contractor shall not begin the removal operations without the Engineer’s written acceptance of the final Bridge Removal Plan. Submittal of the final Bridge Removal Plan to the Engineer, and field inspection performed by the Engineer, will in no way relieve the Contractor and the Contractor’s Engineer of full responsibility for the removal plan and procedures. Work within Railroad right- of-way shall be per Section 107. For bridge removal over railroads, including overhead wires, tunnels and underground facilities, approval of the bridge removal plans will be contingent upon the drawings being satisfactory to th e railroad company involved. The Contractor’s Engineer shall be onsite during safety critical removal operations considered to have a high degree of safety risk. At or before the Pre- removal Conference, the Contractor and the Engineer shall agree if the Bridge removal operations are of high safety risk. Document said agreement in writing. The Contractor’s Engineer shall inspect and provide written approval of each phase of the removal operations corresponding to the construction phasing shown on the plans prior to allowing vehicles or pedestrians on, below, or adjacent to the structure. The Contractor’s Engineer shall certify in writing that the falsework, bracing, and shoring conform to the details of the final Bridge Removal Plan. Submit a copy of the certification to the Engineer. I f any part of the adjacent structure designated to remain in place is damaged during removal operations, the Contractor’s Engineer shall perform a full and complete engineering evaluation of the structure and submit a written report to the Engineer. This e valuation, as well as any additional costs to stabilize the structure due to or resulting from the Contractor’s actions or inactions, shall be borne solely by the Contractor. Do not permit further work involving the bridge until the report and any subsequent remedial stability measures are complete and satisfactory to the Engineer and Staff Bridge. 202.02 202-5 The Contractor shall have all necessary workers, materials, and equipment at the site prior to closing any lanes to traffic to accommodate bridge removal operations. Pursue work promptly and without interruption until reopening the roadway to traffic. Removal of hazardous material shall be per Section 250. The Contractor shall take all necessary steps to avoid contaminating state waters, per subsection 107.25 . If an unplanned event occurs or the bridge removal operation deviate from the submitted Bridge Removal Plan, the bridge removal operations shall immediately cease. Perform all necessary work to ensure worksite safety. The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer the procedure or operation proposed by the Contractor’s Engineer to correct or remedy the occurrence of this unplanned event or to revise the final Bridge Removal Plan. The Contractor’s Engineer shall submit a written report to the Engineer within 24 hours of the event summarizing the details of the event and the procedure for correction. The Engineer shall review the information submitted regarding the unplanned event and provide written acceptance of the corrective action or remedy procedure prio r to resuming operations. Before removal of the protective covering, the Contractor shall clean the protective covering of all debris and fine material. The Engineer may suspend bridge removal for the following reasons:
1.Final Bridge Removal Plan has not been submitted, or written acceptance has not been provided by the Engineer to begin the removal.
2.The Contractor is not proceeding per the final Bridge Removal Plan, procedures, or sequence.
3.The Contractor’s Engineer is not onsite to conduct inspection for the written approval of the work.
4.Safety precautions are deemed to be inadequate.
5.Existing neighboring facilities are damaged because of bridge removal. Suspension of bridge removal operations shall in no way relieve the Contractor of their responsibility under the terms of the Contract. A suspension ordered as a direct result of (1) through (5) above, shall be considered a non -excusable delay. Bridge removal operations shall not resume until modifications have been made to correct the conditions that resulted in the suspension, as approved in writing by the Engineer. The Contractor shall notify all emergency response agencies of the proposed removal work and any detours a minimum of three days in advance of the work. This shall include the Colorado State Patrol, local Police Department, local Fire Department, all loca l ambulance services, and the Sheriff’s Department, as appropriate. 202.03 202-6 All required traffic control devices, nighttime flagging stations, barricades and VMS signs shall be in place, with detours in operation, prior to the beginning of removal operations each day. Night work shall conform to the requirements of the MUTCD, Par ts 1, 5, and 6. Prior to reopening the roadway to public traffic, remove all debris, protective pads, materials, and devices and sweep the roadways clean. The Contractor shall install any restriping necessary to achieve full compliance pavement markings prior to reopening. All costs related to pavement marking replacement shall be included in the work. Do not use explosives for removal work without the written approval of the Engineer. Removal shall include the superstructure, the substructure, which includes the piers, abutments and wingwalls, the bridge rail, and any approach slabs and sleeper slabs. During removal of the substructure, take it down to at least 2 feet below the natural existing or future ground surface at the lowest point of interface with the abutment, unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. Holes resulting from substructure removal shall be backfilled with Structure Backfill (Class 2) to the adjacent existing grades. All other materials removed from the existing structure shall become the property of the Contractor and shall be properly disposed of offsite at the Contractor’s expense, unless otherwise stated on the plans. The Contractor shall not damage the existing structures, facilities, and surrounding roadways during the removal operations. Repair damage that occurs immediately, at the Contractor’s expense.
202.03 Salvable Material. All salvable material designated in the Contract to remain the
property of the Department shall be removed without damage, in sections or pieces that may be readily transported and shall be stockpiled by the Contractor at specified locations within the project limits. The Contractor shall safeguard salvable materials and shall be responsible for the expense of repairing or replacing damaged or missing material until it is incorporated into the work or is loaded onto Department equipment by the Contractor. Protect and remove all brass bridge plaques prior to demolition of the bridge. Deliver plaques to the Region Environmental group or Staff Bridge.
202.04 Signs and Traffic . Removal of signs shall include removal of posts, footings ,
pedestals, sign panels, and brackets. Concrete adhering to salvable signposts shall be removed. Removal of sign panel shall include removal of the panel and its attachment hardware from the existing installation and adjusting the spacing of the remaining panels. The removal of traffic signal items shall include poles , mast arms, signal heads, span wires, footings , all attachment hardware, and other incidental materials. Removal of signal pole or pedestal pole shall include pole, span wire, cable, signal heads, overhead sign support wire, footings, and pedestrian push buttons. Removal of traffic signal controller and cabinet shall include removal of the footing and all auxiliary equipment contained within the cabinet. 202.05 202-7 202.05 Pavement Markings . Pavement markings shall be removed from the pavement to the maximum extent possible, by methods that do not materially alter or damage the surface or texture of the pavement, to the satisfaction of the Engineer. The proposed method of pavement marking removal shall be designated by the Contractor at the Pre- construction Conference and approved by the Engineer. Operations that do not produce the desired result, damage the pavement, or may constitute a hazard to the traveling public will not be permitted. Materials deposited on the pavement because of removal of pavement markings shall be promptly removed so as not to interfere with traffic or roadway drainage. Pavement markings , designated to be removed, shall be removed before any change is made in traffic patterns . Temporary marking tape sections longer than one foot shall be removed before placement of the final pavement course. All tape shall be removed on sections where tape conflicts with revised traffic lanes before opening of new lanes to traffic. Removal of Temporary Pavement Marking on Final Alignment. Temporary pavement marking paint on the approved final alignment shall be removed completely from the roadway surface at locations of permanent pavement markings as shown on the plans. The removal location shall be clean, dry and free of laitance, oil, dirt, grease, paint, and other foreign contaminants before application of final pavement marking. The Contractor shall not remove more pavement marking paint than what can be replaced with permanent pavement marking during the same working day or working period. If a storm or other event prevents the Contractor from completing the placement of permanent marking, the Contractor shall halt the removal operation and place raised flexible pavement markers where temporary pavement markings have been removed but the permanent markings have not been placed. Raised flexible pavement markers shall be installed with one marker at 40 -foot centers. Raised flexib le pavement markers shall remain in place while the pavement is drying before the permanent marking application. Permanent marking application shall resume when the pavement is dry and has had no moisture for a minimum of 24 hours. Removal of Temporary Pavement Marking on Transitions. Removal of pavement marking paint on temporary transitional alignments shall be performed by grinding or water blasting . The removal shall result in 100 percent removal of the paint and a wide swath of ground pavement surrounding the former location of the temporary paint. The width of the swath shall be as follows; the center of the swath shall be the location of the paint line: Table 202- 1 REMOVAL OF TEMPORARY PAVEMENT MARKING - SWATH SIZE Width of Pavement Marking to be Removed Width of Swath less than 8 inches 12 inches more than 8 inches 15 inches
202.06 Detours . The Contractor shall completely remove the detour and dispose of the
materials per the Contract. 202.07 202-8
202.07 Pavements, Sidewalks, Curbs. All concrete pavement, sidewalks , structures, curbs,
gutters, designated for removal , shall be disposed of per subsection 201.02. Concrete pavement to be broken and left in place shall be broken so the largest fragment does not exceed 1 square yard in surface.
202.08 Portions of Structures. Unless otherwise directed, remove the substructures of
removed structures to 2 feet below the natural stream bottom and remove those parts outside of the stream down 2 feet below natural ground or finished surface. Remove such portions of existing structures, which lie wholly or in part within the limits of a new structure, as necessary to accommodate the construction of the proposed structure. Reinforcing steel projecting from the structure, designated to remain, shall be cleaned and aligned to the new construction. Required dowels shall be securely grouted with approved grout . When concrete is removed, all exposed reinforcing steel designated to remain in place shall be cleaned by sandblasting to sound steel free of oil, dirt, concrete fragments or laitance, loose rust scale, and other coatings that would destroy or inhibit the bond with the new concrete. Adequate measures shall be taken by the Contractor to protect the steel from contamination or corrosion. Reinforcing steel , contaminated because of the Contractor's failure to provide adequate protection, shall be re- sandblasted at the Contractor's expense with no allowance for contract time extension. A protective device shall be placed between the sandblasting operations and the traveling public.
202.09 Removal of Asphalt Mat (Planing) . The Contractor shall not commence planing
operations until the hot mix asphalt , (HMA) Mix Design (CDOT Form 43) has been approved and signed. Before beginning planing operations, the Contractor shall submit a planing plan for approval by the Engineer. This plan shall include as a minimum: The number and types of planers to be used. The width and location of each planing pass. The number and types of brooms to be used, and their locations with respect to the planers. The Contractor shall have at least one back up broom on the project at all times in case one of the operating brooms breaks down. Each planer shall conform to the following: The planer shall have sufficient power , traction, and stability to maintain an accurate depth of cut. The propulsion and guidance system of the planer shall be maintained in such condition that the planer may be operated to straight and true lines. Operation with broken or missing teeth will not be allowed. Worn teeth shall be replaced if the planer does not produce a uniform surface. The planer shall be capable of picking up the removed asphalt in a single operation. 202.10 202-9 A self -loading conveyer shall be an integral part of the planer. Windrows will not be allowed. All planed areas shall be broomed with a pickup broom, unless otherwise specified, before being opened to traffic. A sufficient number of brooms shall be used immediately after planing to remove all planed material remaining on the roadway. If the Contractor fails to adequately clean the roadway, work shall cease until the Engineer has approved the Contractor’s revised written proposal to adequately clean the roadway. At the completion of each day’s work, vertical edges caused by planing that are greater than 1 inch in height shall be: Longitudinal - tapered to not less than a 3:1 slope, Transverse - tapered to not less than a 50:1 slope. The roadway shall be left in a safe and usable condition at the end of each workday . All required pavement markings, removed by the planing, shall be restored before the roadway is opened to traffic. All planing shall be completed parallel to the travel lanes unless otherwise directed by the Engineer . All planing shall be completed full width before resurfacing commences.
202.10 Clean Culvert . Culverts designated in the Contract to be cleaned shall be cleaned by
removing all sedimentation and debris from within the culvert and all appurtenant structures. METHOD OF MEASUREMENT
202.11 When the Contract provides payment for removal of obstructions on a lump sum basis,
this payment will include all stipulated structures and obstructions encountered within the right of way per this section. When the Contract provides payment for the removal of specific items on a unit basis, measurement will be by the unit. Removal of pavement marking will be measured in square feet, completed and accepted. Sandblasting of pavement that is to be covered with pavement marking material will be measured as the same area as measured for the pavement marking where the sandblasting is required. Removal of asphalt mat (planing) will be measured by the area in square yards, completed to the required depth, and accepted. Sandblasting reinforcing steel will be measured by the square yard of deck surface. Multiple layers of reinforcing steel within a common area of the deck exposed and requiring sandblasting will not be measured separately. Clean culvert will be measured by the number of culverts acceptably cleaned as designated on the plans, irrespective of the kind or size involved. Abandon well will be measured by the actual number plugged, abandoned, and the abandonment report submitted. Removal of temporary pavement marking on transitions will be measured by the actual square feet of the swath that is removed for the required width. Removal of pavement marking for the permanent alignment will be measured as the actual in square feet of pavement marking that is removed. 202.12 202-10 BASIS OF PAYMENT
202.12 The accepted quantities will be paid for at the contract unit price for each of the
pay items listed below that appear in the bid schedule. Payment shall be full compensation for sawing, removing, disposal, excavation and subsequent backfill, and salvage of materials removed, their custody, preservation, storage, and disposal as provided. Payment will be made under: Pay Item Pay Unit Removal of Bridge Each Removal of Structures and Obstructions Lump Sum Removal of Asphalt Mat (Planing) Square Yard Removal of Pavement Marking Square Foot Removal of Pavement Marking (12 Inch) Square Foot Removal of Pavement Marking (15 Inch) Square Foot Plug Each Clean Culvert Each Abandon Well Each Sandblasting Square Foot Sandblasting (Reinforcing Steel) Square Yard When the Contract does not include pay items for removal of structures and obstructions, the removal will not be paid for separately but shall be included in the work. Payment for abandon well will be full compensation for all labor and materials required to complete the work, including preparing and submitting the abandonment report. Temporary raised flexible pavement markers used per subsection 202.05(a) will not be measured and paid for separately but shall be included in the work. Payment for Removal of Bridge will be full compensation for all labor and materials required to complete the work, including, preparation and implementation of the Bridge Removal Plan, Engineering work, inspection, equipment, debris handling and disposal, salvaging, handling and storage of salvable materials, handling and disposal of all hazardous materials and disposal of non -salvable materials. Lighting required for nighttime operations will not be measured and paid for separately but shall be included in the work. 202.13 202-11 DIAMOND GRINDING CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESCRIPTION
202.13 Diamond Grinding Concrete Pavement . This work consists of rehabilitating existing
concrete pavement by diamond grinding to restore smoothness and texture at the locations indicated on the plans such that the surface area has a minimum average macrotexture depth of 0.05 inches when tested per Colorado Procedure 77B. The maximum grinding depth shall be 0.25 inches unless approved by the Engineer. MATERIALS
202.14 A hardness of approximately 7 is anticipated for the existing concrete pavement based
on the Mohs hardness scale. For bidding purposes, the Contractor shall be responsible for verifying the hardness of the existing concrete pavement. CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
202.15 Before beginning work on the project, the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for
approval a detailed plan for accomplishing the grinding. The plan shall include a sequence for grinding that produces the desired surface ride qualities with a minimum macrotexture depth throughout the project. Grinding shall be performed in the longitudinal direction. The entire surface width of the driving and passing lane pavement shall be ground until the pavement surfaces on both sides of all transverse joints and random cracks are in the same plane and meet the smoothness requirements specified. Grinding shall begin and end at lines normal to the pavement centerline . The Contractor shall grind driving and passing lane pavement surfaces within designated limits as shown on the plans. The finished grinding shall maintain the existing cross slope of the roadway in the driving and passing lanes. A feather pass shall be ground at the edge of traveled way as indicated on the plans or as directed by the Engineer. No adverse drainage conditions shall be caused by the grinding operations. The sequence of work shall not allow for ponding of water in the travel lanes due to a weather event. Shoulders that require grinding will be designated on the plans. Approach slabs and bridge decks shall not be ground and textured. Grinding depth shall transition to 0 inches before the approach slab interface. One stratified random acceptance test for texture per 2,500 linear feet or fraction thereof in each lane and shoulder shall be taken with a minimum of one test per day. Smoothness for this project will be measured by the Department per subsection 105.08. The MRI after grinding for each 0.10- mile section or fraction thereof shall have an MRI of 95 in/mile or less. Sections with an MRI greater than 95 in/mile shall be corrected by further diamond grinding. At various locations within the driving and passing lanes, miscellaneous tie bars may be exposed due to wearing of the pavement surface. Removal of these tie bars will be incidental to the grinding and texturing work. 202.13 202-12 All grinding shall be parallel to the longitudinal joints. Adjacent passes shall be overlapped by a maximum of 2 inches . Grinding shall be performed using diamond blades mounted on a self -propelled machine designed for grinding and texturing concrete pavement. The equipment shall weigh a minimum 35,000 pounds including the grinding head and be of a size that will grind a strip at least 3 feet wide in a single pass. The effective wheelbase of the machine shall be at least 12 feet. Grinding equipment that causes raveling, aggregate fractures or disturbance to the joints shall not be permitted. The equipment shall be maintained to ensure it is in proper working order, including the roundness of the match and depth of control wheels. Any wheels fo und to be out of round shall be immediately replaced. The Engineer may approve smaller equipment for areas that the above equipment cannot reach. The grinding process shall produce a pavement surface that is true to grade and uniform in appearance. Grooves shall be evenly spaced. Ridges on the outside edge next to the shoulder, auxiliary , or ramp lanes greater than 3/16 inch shall be feathered out to the satisfaction of the Engineer in a separate, feather pass operation. No adverse drainage conditions shall be caused by the grinding operations. The pavement surface after grinding shall have no depressions or misalignment of slope in the longitudinal direction exceeding 1/8 inch in 10 feet when measured with a 10 -foot straightedge placed parallel to the centerline. The grinding coverage shall be at least 95 percent of the pavement surface area. All areas of deviation shall be reground at no additional cost. When the texture depth is below the lower specified limit, the Contractor shall determine the area represented by this test. The area shall be determined by taking additional tests at 15-foot intervals parallel to the centerline in each direction from the affected location until two consecutive tests are found to be within the specified limits. Any surface with unacceptable texturing exceeding 25 linear feet in any lane or shoulder shall be reground (full width). After the Engineer approves the limits, the Contractor shall correct the deficient surface texture by grinding full width at no additional cost to the project. The corrected surface texture will be retested for acceptance. Correcting surface texture deficiencies shall occur before pavement smoothness testing. Upon the second unacceptable test result, the Contractor shall notify the Engineer , in writing, the action taken to provide an acceptable surface macrotexture. Upon the project’s third unacceptable test result from the Departm ent, the Engineer will notify the Contractor , in writing, and the pay estimate will be withheld until diamond grinding is taken to provide an acceptable surface macrotexture. The slurry and residue, including joint sealant, resulting from the grinding operation shall not be allowed to flow across lanes occupied by traffic and shall be continuously removed during the grinding operation, leaving the pavement in a clean condition. The Contractor shall haul the grinding residue to an approved suitable location at no additional cost. The Contractor shall obtain approval of the disposal method from the Engineer before beginning the grinding operation. 202.17 202-13 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT
202.16 Diamond Grinding Concrete Pavement will be measured by the square yard of
acceptable finished surface regardless of the number of passes required. The quantity of grinding and texturing will be determined by measuring the finished area ground within the limits indicated on the plans or as directed by the Engineer. BASIS OF PAYMENT
202.17 Diamond Grinding Concrete Pavement will be paid for at the contract unit bid price
per square yard. Payment will be considered full compensation for all labor, materials, supplies, tools, water, equipment, and incidentals necessary for completing the work as specified. Payment will be made under: Pay Item Pay Unit Diamond Grinding Concrete Pavement Square Yard 202.17 202-14 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 203.01 203-1 SECTION 203 EXCAVATION AND EMBANKMENT DESCRIPTION
203.01 General. This work consists of excavation, hauling, disposal, placement, and
compaction of all material encountered within the limits of the work, including construction of dikes and excavation for ditches and channels, necessary for the construction of the roadway per the Contract. MATERIALS
203.02 Excavation Definitions . All excavation will be defined as, “unclassified excavation”,
“stripping”, “removal of unsuitable material”, “rock excavation”, “borrow”, or “potholing” as described below:
a.Unclassified Excavation . Unclassified excavation shall consist of the excavation of all materials of whatever character required for the work, obtained within the right of way, including surface boulders and excavation for ditches and channels that is not removed under some other item.
b.Stripping . Stripping shall consist of removing overburden or other specified material from borrow pits, and the replacement of overburden or other specified material over the disturbed area of the site or pit after the underlying material has been removed.
c.Removal of Unsuitable Material . Removal of unsuitable material shall consist of the removal of soils or mixtures of soil and organic matter identified in the Contract or as directed by the Engineer that would be detrimental to the roadway or embankment if left in place in its existing condition.
d.Rock Excavation . Rock excavation shall consist of removal of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rock that cannot be excavated without blasting or with the use of rippers, including all boulders or other detached stones having a volume of 1/2 cubic yard or more. Unless specified in the Contract, rock excavation is material that meets one of the following field test criteria to be conducted by the Contractor:
1.Ripping Test: Material that cannot be broken down by one pass with a single tooth ripper mounted on a crawler type tractor in low gear with a minimum net flywheel power rating of 235 horsepower; or material that cannot be broken down with a 48,000- pound tracked excavator using a bucket with rock teeth.
2.Seismic Test: Material that has a seismic velocity of 6,000 feet per second or greater. The Contractor shall submit the qualifications of the individual performing or interpreting the seismic testing to the Engineer a minimum of 14 days before testing. The ripping test will be used to resolve differences if seismic velocities fall below 6,000 feet per second.
3.Handling Test: Any boulder or detached stone having a volume of ½ -cubic yard or more that cannot be readily broken down with the excavation equipment described above in 1.
e.Borrow . Borrow shall consist of approved material obtained from outside the right of way required for the construction of the project.
Source: Colorado Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2023 Edition. Pages 189–202 of 943.