556-1 Description.
556-1.1 Scope of Work: The work specified in this Section documents the approved
construction methods, procedures and materials for Jack and Bore (J&B), also known as auger boring. Micro tunneling (MT) is also included in the category of J&B for purposes of the Specifications.
556-1.2 General: J&B is a method for installing a product (often called a casing) that
may serve as a direct conduit for liquids or gases, or as a duct for carrier (Pipe, cable, or wire line products). It is a multi -stage process consisting of constructing a temporary horizontal jacking platform and a starting alignment track in an entrance pit at a desired elevation. The product is then jacked by manual control along the starting alignment track with simultaneous excavation of the soil being accomplished b y a rotating cutting head in the leading edge of the product’s annular space. The ground up soil (spoil) is transported back to the entrance pit by helical wound auger flights rotating inside the product. J&B typically provides limited tracking and steerin g as well as limited support to the excavation face. MT is conducted similar to J&B with the exception that it is remotely controlled, guided pipe jacking process that provides continuous support to the excavation face. The guidance system usually consis ts of a laser mounted in the tunneling drive shaft which communicates a reference line to a target mounted inside the MT machine’s articulated steering head. The MT process provides the ability to control the excavation face stability by applying mechanica l or fluid pressure to counterbalance the earth and hydrostatic pressures. Removal and disposition of excess material varies, is the responsibility of the boring contractor and is not covered under this Specification. However, the cost of removal or final disposition is included in the cost of the J&B operation. No J&B conduit may be left open ended without approval of the Engineer .
556-2 Materials.
Select materials approved for installation within the right -of-way based on their suitability for the co nstruction method as defined in Table 556-1. After determining product suitability, individual material standards as contained in Table 556-2 apply. Table 556-1 Product Suitability by Construction Method Type Pipe/Casing Installation Mode Suitable Pipe/C asing Jack and Bore Jacking Steel, Plastic Micro tunneling Jacking DI, FRPM, PC, PCCP, RCCP, RCP, Steel FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents Table 556-2 Material Standards Acceptable for J&B and MT Installations Material Type Non-Pressure Pressure Ductile Iron (DI) AWWA C150/C151 ASTM A716 AWWA C150/C151 Fiberglass Reinforced Polymer Mortar (FRPM) ASTM D3262 ASTM D3517 AWWA C950 Polymer Concrete (PC) DIN 54815-1 & 2 N/A Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Pipe (PCCP) N/A AWWA C301 Reinforced Concrete Cylinder Pipe (RCCP) N/A ASTM C361 Reinforced Concrete Pipe (RCP) ASTM C76 ASTM C361 AWWA C300/C302 Steel ASTM A139 Grade B(1) API 2B(2) AWWA C200 API 2B(2) Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) ASTM D1785 ASTM D1785 Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe (RTRP) ASTM D2996 or ASTM D2997 ASTM D2996 or ASTM D2997
1.No hydrostatic test required
2.Dimensional tolerances only Unless otherwise tested and approved by the Department, only use encasement pipe or uncased carrier pipe material that is new and has smooth interior and exterior walls. When the Plans show that the casing is to be used as a drainage carrier pipe, extend the casing the entire length from drainage structure to drainage structure. When using uncased carrier pipe, use pipe meeting the req uirements in 556-4.3. Maintain a uniform diameter, wall thickness and material type for the entire length of the casing.
556-2.1 Steel Pipe Casing and Welds: In addition to meeting or exceeding the
conditions contained in Table 556-1 and Table 556-2, meet the following requirements:
1.The size of the steel casing must be at least 6 inches larger than the largest outside diameter of the carrier. Casing size must accommodate pressure pipe or carrier pipe joint restraints.
2.The casing pipe must be st raight seam pipe, spiral seam pipe, or seamless pipe.
3.All steel pipe may be bare inside and out, with the manufacturer’s recommended minimum nominal wall thicknesses to meet the greater of either installation, loading or carrier requirements.
4.All steel casing pipe must be square cut and have dead -even lengths which are compatible with the J&B equipment. Use steel pipe casings and welds meeting or exceeding the thickness requirements to achieve the service life requirements noted in the Department Drainage Manual Chapter 6. For purposes of determining service life, ensure that casings installed under roadways meet or exceed cross drain requirements and casings under driveways meet or exceed side drain pipe requirements. For pipe used in drainage applications, use pipe meeting the requirements in
556-4.3 For purposes of material classification, consider steel pipe casing structural plate steel
FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents pipe. Ensure that steel pipe casing of insufficient length achieves the required length through fully welded joints. Ensure that joints are air -tight and continuou s over the entire circumference of the pipe with a bead equal to or exceeding the minimum of either that required to meet the thickness criteria of the pipe wall for jacking and loading or service life. All welding shall be done in accordance with the Amer ican Welding Society Structural Welding Code - Steel D1.1.
556-2.2 Reinforced Concrete Pipe Casing: In addition to meeting or exceeding the
conditions contained in Tables 556 -1 and Table 556 -2, meet the following requirements: Ensure that concrete pipe c omplies with the following minimum requirements:
1.5,000 psi concrete compressive strength
2.Class III, IV, or V as required by load calculations, with a C -wall
3.Full circular inner and/or outer reinforcing cage
4.Multiple layers of steel reinforcing cages, wire splices, laps and spacers are permanently secured together by welding in place
5.Straight outside pipe wall with no bell modification
6.No elliptical reinforcing steel is allowed
7.Single cage reinforcement with a 1 inch minimum cover from the inside wall
8.Double cage reinforcement with a 1 inch minimum cover from each wall
9.Joints are gasket type
10.Additional joint reinforcement
11.For drainage applications, use pipe meeting the requirements in 556 4.3. Upon installation, the Engineer may, at his discretion, require the Contractor to perform concrete wiping or injection of the joints if it is believed the joints have not maintained their water tightness during the jacking operation. No additional paym ent will be made for this operation.
556-2.3 Plastic Pipe Casing : Plastic pipe may be jacked and bored if its physical
properties meet or exceed the conditions contained in Tables 556 -1 and 556 -2, and has a sufficient wall thickness to maintain proper ali gnment without exceeding the deflection requirements in Section 430 -9.3. If plastic pipe is Jacked and Bored it may not be used as a pressurized carrier. Plastic pipe casing installed by the jack and bore method requires the use of an auger. Open end jacki ng without the use of an auger for continuous cleanout of the bore as the pipe is advanced is not permitted. Closed end jacking is not permitted. For drainage applications, use pipe meeting the requirements in 556 -4.3.
556-2.4 Pipe Couplings and Joints: In addition to meeting or exceeding the conditions
contained in Tables 556 -1 and 556 -2, to minimize potential for bore failure, couplings must not project at right angles from the casing diameter by more than 3/4 inch.
1.Steel Pipe Coupling and Joints:
a.Welds must comply with 556 -2.1(4) when couplings are not used or when the coupling thickness is less than the casing thickness.
b.When couplings are used the casing joint needs only to be tack welded. Couplings must have a full bead weld such that the thickness, when measured at an angle of 45 degrees to the casing and coupling interface, must be no less than the casing thickness.
2.Plastic Pipe Couplings and Joints: FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents
a.Must meet or exceed all ASTM strength and composition standards established for the casing material to which they are being attached.
b.Joints must be made sufficiently strong to withstand the pressures of jacking. All chemical welds must be completely set and cured before any jacking is attempted.
556-3 Constructi on Site Requirements.
556-3.1 Site Conditions:
1.Carry out excavation for entry, exit, recovery pits, auger slurry sump pits, or any other excavation as specified in Section 120. When using auger fluids, the sump pits must contain auger fluids if vacuu m devices are not operated throughout the boring operation.
2.Within 48 hours of completing installation of the boring product, ensure that the work site is cleaned of all excess auger fluids or spoils. Removal and final disposition of excess fluids or spoils is the responsibility of the boring contractor and ensure that the work site is restored to pre -construction conditions or as identified in the Plans.
3.Restore excavated areas in accordance with the Specifications and Standard Plans.
4.Provide MOT in accordance with the Department Standard Plans and the MUTCD when and where the former is silent.
5.Ensure that equipment does not impede visibility of the roadway user without taking the necessary precautions of proper signing and Mainte nance of Traffic Operations.
556-3.2 Ground Water Control: Investigate all sites for possibility of having to manage
groundwater problems that may occur due to seasonal changes or natural conditions. When ground water level must be controlled, use a sys tem and equipment that is compatible with the properties, characteristics, and behavior of the soils as indicated by the soil investigation report.
556-3.3 Damage Restoration: Take responsibility for restoring any damage caused by
heaving, settlement, sep aration of pavement, escaping boring fluid (frac -out) of the J&B or MT operation at no cost to the Department.
556-3.3 1 Remediation Plans: When required by the Engineer, submit detailed
plans which show how damage to any roadway facility will be remedie d. These details will become part of the As -Built Plans Package. Remediation plans must follow the same guidelines for development and presentation of the As -Built Plans. When remediation plans are required, they must be approved by the Engineer before any work proceeds.
556-4 Quality Control.
556-4.1 General: Take control of the operation at all times. Have a representative who is
thoroughly knowledgeable of the equipment, boring, and Department procedures present at the job site during the entire install ation and available to address immediate concerns and emergency operations. Notify the Engineer 48 hours in advance of starting work. Do not begin the installation until the Engineer is present at the job site and agrees that proper preparations have been made.
556-4.2 Construction Process and Approval: For all installations, submit sufficient
information to establish the proposed strategy for providing the following:
1.An indication of where the leading edge of the casing is located with respect to line and grade and the intervals for checking line and grade. Indication may be provided by using a water gauge (Dutch level) or electronic transmitting and receiving devices. Other methods must have prior approval. Maintain a record of the progress at the jo b site. FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents
2.Equipment of adequate size and capability to install the product and including the equipment manufacturer’s information for all power equipment used in the installation.
3.A means for controlling line and grade.
4.A means for centering t he cutting head inside the borehole.
5.Provide a means for preventing voids by assuring:
a.The rear of the cutting head from advancing in front of the leading edge of the casing by more than 1/3 times the casing diameter and in stable cohesive condi tions not to exceed 8 inches.
b.In unstable conditions, such as granular soil, loose or flowable materials, the cutting head is retracted into the casing a distance that permits a balance between pushing pressure, pipe advancement and soil conditions.
c.Development of and maintaining a log of the volume of spoil material removal relative to the advancement of the casing.
6.Adequate casing lubrication with a bentonite slurry or other approved technique.
7.An adequate band around the leading edge of the casing to provide extra strength in loose unstable materials when the cutting head has been retracted into the casing to reduce skin friction as well as provides a method for the slurry lubricant to coat the outside of the casing.
8.At least 20 feet of full diameter auger at the leading end of the casing. Subsequent auger size may be reduced, but the reduced auger diameter must be at least 75% of the full auger diameter.
9.Water to be injected inside th e casing to facilitate spoil removal. The point of injection shall be no closer than 2 feet from the leading edge of the casing.
556-4.3 Testing:
556-4.3 1 Testing Requirements : Ensure all casing joints meet the Department’s
watertight pressure requirements in accordance with Section 430. Testing may consist of one of the following methods but must always meet or exceed Department testing requirements.
1.Follow the product manufacturer’s pressure testing recommendations.
2.Carrier pipes installed without a casing must meet the pressure requirements set by the owner. If the owner does not require pressure testing, the Engineer may require at least one test.
556-4.3 2 Drain age Application Testing (Under Pavement): When under
pavement (including sidewalk) and shoulders, all J&B pipe installations must meet or exceed the Department’s watertight pipe and joint configuration in accordance with Section 430. The Engineer will dete rmine when and where watertight joint requirements shall be applied to the ultimate roadway section for future widening. For all J&B carrier pipes installed without casing under pavement, perform air pressure testing at 5 psi in the presence of the Enginee r as follows.
1.Pressurize pipe to 5 psi (positive and negative) and lock -off outside air source. Record pressure loss for 6 hours. A pressure loss equal to or less than 0.5 psi is acceptable. or,
2.A dragnet type leak detector or equivalent device capable of detecting pressure drops of 1/2 psi for a time period recommended by the manufacturer. If the pressure loss exceeds 0.5 psi, repair leaks using methods approved by the Engineer and retest. FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents
556-4.3 3 Drainage Application Testing (Not Under Pav ement): When J&B
pipe installations are not located under the pavement, the pipe and joint configuration must meet or exceed soil tight joint requirements. The test for a soil tight joint allows up to 0.1 gallon of water leakage at a sustained pressure of 2 psi. Conduct test for joint integrity for one hour.
556-4.3 4 Damaged Product Testing: When there is any indication that the
installed product has sustained damage and may leak, stop the work, notify the Engineer and investigate damage. The Engineer may require a pressure test in accordance with 556 -4.3.2. Perform pressure test within 24 hours unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. Submit the test results to the Engineer for review and approval. The Engineer shall be allowed up to 72 hours to approve or determine if the product installation is not in compliance with Specifications. The Engineer may require non -compliant installations to be filled with excavatable flowable fill at no cost to the Department.
556-4.4 Product Locating and Tracking: Install all facilities such that their location can
be readily determined by electronic designa tion after installation. For non -conductive installations, attach a minimum of two separate and continuous conductive tracking (tone wire) materials, either externally, internally, or integral with the product. Use either a continuous green sheathed solid conductor copper wire line (minimum No. 12 AWG for external placement or minimum No. 14 AWG for internal placement in the conduit/casing) or a coated conductive tape. Ensure that conductors are located on opposite sides when installed externally. Connect a ny break in the conductor line before construction with an electrical clamp or solder, and coat the connection with a rubber or plastic insulator to maintain the integrity of the connection from corrosion. Clamp connections must be made of brass or copper and of the butt end type with wires secured by compression. Soldered connections must be made by tight spiral winding of each wire around the other with a finished length minimum of 3 inches overlap. Tracking conductors must extend 2 feet beyond bore termi ni. Conductors must be tested for continuity. Identify each conductor that passes by removing the last 6 inches of the sheath. No deductions are allowed for failed tracking conductors. Failed conductor ends must be wound into a small coil and left attached for future use.
556-4.5 Augering Fluids: Use a mixture of bentonite clay or other approved stabilizing
agent mixed with potable water with a minimum pH of 6.0 to create the drilling fluid for lubrication and soil stabilization. Vary the fluid viscosity t o best fit the soil conditions encountered. Do not use other chemicals or polymer surfactant in the drilling fluid without written consent of the Engineer. Certify in writing to the Engineer that any chemicals to be added are environmentally safe and not h armful or corrosive to the facility. Identify the source of water for mixing the drilling fluid. Approvals and permits are required for obtaining water from such sources as streams, rivers, ponds or fire hydrants. Any water source used other than potable water may require a pH Test.
556-4.6 Micro -Tunneling (MT) and Micro Tunnel Boring Machine (MTBM)
Requirements :
556-4.6 1 Performance Requirements: The MTBM must meet the following
minimum performance requirements:
1.Capable of providing positive fac e support regardless of the MTBM type.
2.Articulated to enable controlled steering in both the vertical and horizontal direction to a tolerance of plus or minus 1 inch from design alignment.
3.All functions are controlled remotely from a surface control unit. FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents
4.Capable of controlling rotation, using a bi -directional drive on the cutter head or by using anti -roll fins or grippers. The Engineer must approve other methods.
5.Capable of injecting lubricant around the exterior of the pipe being jacked.
6.Indication of steering direction. For slurry systems, the following is also required:
7.The volume of slurry flow in both the supply and return side of the slurry loop.
8.Indication of slurry bypass valve position.
9.Indication of pressure of the slurry in the slurry chamber.
556-4.7 Failed Bore Path: If conditions warrant removal of any materials installed in a
failed bore path, as determined by the Engineer, it will be at no cost to the Department. Promptly fill all voids by injecting all taken out of service products that have any annular space with excavatable flowable fill.
556-5 Jack and Bore and Micro -Tunneling Operations .
556-5.1 Installation Process: Provide continuous pressure to the face of the excavation
to balance groundwater and earth pressures. Ensure that shafts are of sufficient size t o accommodate equipment, the pipe selected and to allow for safe working practices. Provide entry and exit seals at shaft walls to prevent inflows of groundwater, soil, slurry and lubricants. Use thrust blocks designed to distribute loads in a uniform mann er so that any deflection of the thrust block is uniform and does not impart excessive loads on the shaft itself or cause the jacking frame to become misaligned. The jacking system must have the capability of pushing the pipe in J&B operations or MTBM an d pipe for MT operations through the ground in a controlled manner and be compatible with the anticipated jacking loads and pipe capacity. Monitor the jacking force applied to the pipe and do not exceed the pipe manufacturer’s recommendations. Ensure tha t the pipe lubrication system is functional at all times and sufficient to reduce jacking loads. Use pipe lubrication systems that include a mixing tank, holding tank and pumps to convey lubricant from the holding tank to application points at the rear of the MTBM. Maintain sufficient fluids on site to avoid loss of lubrication. Power Distribution System must be identified in the Plans package or permit provisions as well as any noise constraints. Identity spoil removal capability and method to avoid creating hindrance to other activities which may be necessary in the area.
556-5.2 Excess Material and Fluids: Monitor the pumping rate, pressures, viscosity and
density of the boring fluids to ensure adequate removal of soil cuttings and the stability of the borehole. Contain excess drilling fluids, slurry and soil cuttings at entry and exit points in pits until they are recycled or removed from the site. Ensure that all boring fluids and other materials are disposed of or recycled in a manner acceptable to the appropriate Federal, State, and Local Rules and Regulations. When jacking and boring in known or suspected areas of contaminated groundwater or soil, coordinate with the Engineer and District Contamination Coordinator (DCIC) during the pre -constructio n meeting and prior to the start of boring to determine the best course of action for J&B activities within the contaminated area. If the J&B operation encounters an unidentified area of contamination or abnormal condition indicating the presence of potent ially contaminated material, stop operations and contact the Engineer immediately. Do not continue boring without the Engineer’s approval. FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents
556-5.3 Boring Failure: If an obstruction is encountered which prevents completion of
the installation in accordance with the design location and Specifications; the pipe may be taken out of service and left in place at the discretion of the Engineer. Immediately fill the product left in place with excavatable flowable fill. Submit a new installation procedure and revised plans to the Engineer for approval before resuming work at another location. If damage is observed to any property, cease all work until a plan of action to mini mize further damage and restore damaged property is submitted and approved by the Engineer.
556-6 Documentation Requirements.
556-6.1 Boring Path Report: Submit a bore path report to the Engineer within 14 days
of the completion of each bore path. No paym ent will be made for directional boring work until the bore path report has been delivered to the Department. Include the following information in the report:
1.Location of project and financial project number including the permit number when assigned.
2.Name of person collecting data, including title, position and company name.
3.Investigation site location (Plans station number or reference to a permanent structure within the project right of way).
4.Identification of the detection method used .
5.Spoils removal log.
6.As-built placement plans showing roadway plan and profile, cross -section, boring location and subsurface conditions as defined in bore path plans below. Reference the shown plan elevations to a Department benchmark when asso ciated with a Department project, otherwise to a USGS grid system and datum or to the top of an existing Department head wall.
556-6.2 As-Built Plans: Submit to the Engineer a complete set of as -built plans showing
all bores (successful and failed) withi n 30 calendar days of completion of the work. As-built plans must be PDF files, in the same scale as the Plans . Include notes on the plans stating the final bore path diameter, facility diameter, drilling fluid composition, composition of any other materials used to fill the annular void between the bore path and the facility or facility placed out of service. If the facility is a casing, note this, as well as the size and type of carrier pipes to be placed within the casing as part of the Contract work. Pr oduce the plans as follows:
1.On the Contract plan view, show the centerline location of each facility, installed or installed and placed out of service to an accuracy within 1 inch at the ends and other points physically observed. They show the remaind er of the horizontal alignment of the centerline of each facility installed or installed and placed out of service and note the accuracy with which the installation was monitored.
2.As directed by the Engineer, submit either a profile plan for each bore path, or a cross-section of the roadway at a station specified by the Engineer, or a roadway centerline profile. Also show the ground or pavement surface and the crown elevation of each facility installed, or installed and placed out of service, accuratel y to within 1 inch at the ends and other points physically observed. Show the remainder of the vertical alignment of the crown of each facility installed, or installed and placed out of service and note the accuracy with which the installation was monitore d. On profile plans for bore paths crossing the roadway, show the Plans stationing. On the profile plans for bore paths paralleling the roadway show the Plans stationing. If the profile plan for the bore path is not made on one of the Plans, use a 10 to 1 vertical exaggeration. FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents
3.If a bore path is not completed, show on the Plans the failed bore path along with the name of the utility owner and the final bore path. Note the failed bore path as failed bore path. Also show the location and length of the cu tting head and any product not removed from the bore path.
4.Show the crown elevation, diameter and material type of all utilities encountered and physically observed during the subsoil investigation. For all other obstructions encountered during subsoi l investigation or the installation, show the type of material, horizontal and vertical location, top elevation and lowest elevation observed, and note if the obstruction continues below the lowest point observed.
556-7 Compensation.
No direct payment wil l be made under this Section. Include the cost to perform this operation in the Contract unit price for the item being installed. No compensation will be made for failed bore paths, injection of excavatable flowable fill, products taken out of service or incomplete installations. No compensation will be made for the pay item associated with the jack and bore until a bore path report has been submitted to the Engineer. FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents SECTION 560 COATING NEW STRUCTURAL STEEL
560-1 Description .
Coat new structural steel in accordance with the requirements of this Se ction. Apply the coating system designated in the Contract Documents.
560-2 Materials.
560-2.1 Coating System: Use only coating products and systems meeting the
requirements of Section 975 and listed on the Department ’s Approved Product List ( APL). All components of coating systems must be from the same manufacturer. Use Type M coal tar epoxy coatings meeting the requirements of Section 926 and listed on the Department’s APL for coating of permanent bulkhead sheet piles and H piles.
560-2.2 Thinners, Solvents and Cleaners: Use thinners, solvents and cleaners listed on
the coating manufacturer’s product data sheet.
560-2.3 Caulking: Use caulks that are paintable, compatible with the coating system and
recommended by the coating manufacturer as part of the coating system.
560-2.4 Soluble Salts Test Kit: Measure the soluble salts using methods in compliance
with SSPC -Guide 15, Table 1. Use a fully automated conductivity meter, fiber strip or multi -step patch, cell, or ring. Ensure the test sleeve or cell creates a sealed, encapsulated environment during ion extraction and is suitable for testing all structural steel surfaces.
560-2.5 Abrasives: Use properly sized abrasives to achieve the required cleanliness and
anchor profile. Use abrasives meeting the requirements of SSPC -AB 1, Mineral and Slag Abrasives, SSPC -AB 2, Cleanliness of Recycled Ferrous Metallic Abrasives, or SSPC -AB 3, Newly Manufactured or Re -Manufactured Steel Abrasive and do not introduce any contamination that interferes with the coating application and performance. Submit certification to the Engineer that the abrasives used meet the requirements of this Section and do not contain any chlorides and other salts. For non- metallic abrasives, verify compliance with the conductivity and cleanliness requirements of SSPC -AB1. For recycled abrasives, verify compliance with the conductivity and cleanliness requirements of S SPC-AB 2 after each recycling or more frequently if required by the Engineer. Select a sample from each recycling machine in use and conduct the water-soluble contaminant and oil content tests outlined in SSPC -AB 2 at least one time each week or more frequ ently if directed by the Engineer. Conduct the non -abrasive residue and lead content tests as directed by the Engineer. If test results do not meet requirements, notify the Engineer immediately, remove and replace the abrasive, clean the recycling equipmen t, and conduct tests each day to confirm the equipment is functioning properly. Return to the weekly testing interval as directed by the Engineer.
560-2.6 Rust Preventative Compound: Use a Class 3 rust preventative compound
meeting the requirements of Military Specification MIL-C-11796C, Corrosion Preventative Compound, Petrolatum, Hot Applied.
560-2.7 Storage: Store materials in conformance with the manufacturer’s
recommendations . FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents
Source: Florida Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2024 Edition. Pages 792–800 of 1,299.