530-1 Description.
530-1.1 Riprap: Construct riprap composed of sand -cement or rubble (consisting of
broken stone or broken concrete) as shown in the Standard Plans and in the Plans.
530-1.2 Articulating Concrete Block (ACB) Revetment Systems: Furnish and install
an ACB revetment system in accordance with this Section and in conformance with the lines, grades, design, and dimensions shown in the Plans. Submit vendor drawings for review and approval by the Engineer. Submit signed and sealed calculations of the block and cable sizing design for approval. Comply with the National Concrete Masonry Association’s Design Manual for Articulating Concrete Block Revetment Systems, Second Edition, or the National Highway Institute, Hydraulic Engineering Circular (HEC) No. 23, Publication No. FHWA NHI 09-110. Use a minimum Factor of Safety of 1.5 and 0.5 inch for the block projection. Blocks must be open cell and non -tapered unless otherwise stated in the Plans. Revetment cabling must be bi -directional or, for mono -directional cabling, the block instal lation must include a permanent mechanism within the block matrix to prevent lateral displacement of the installed blocks. Cabling must be polyester and free to move within the block. Use only ACB revetment systems currently listed on the Department’s A pproved Product List (APL). Manufacturers seeking evaluation of their product shall submit an application in accordance with Section 6, and include certified test reports from an independent test laboratory certifying the ACB revetment system meets the req uirements of this Section. If the ACB revetment system is intended for use as bridge abutment protection, include the following drawings with the APL submittal:
1.At the corner transition between the front and side slopes .
2.For anchorages, geote xtile fabric, treatment of voids between adjacent blocks, limits on void size between adjacent blocks and other special details required to successfully install the ACB .
3.For areas adjacent to bridge abutments, detail mat placement around curves, con nections, protection of mat ends , and splicing of mat.
530-1.3 Gabions: Furnish and install gabions, including gabion baskets and gabion
mattresses, filled with rock in accordance with this Section and in conformance with the lines, grades, design, and dimensions shown in the Plans .
530-2 Materials.
530-2.1 Riprap:
530-2.1 1 Filter Fabric : Meet the following requirements:
Type D-2 Geotextile Fabric* .................. Section 985 *Use products listed on the Department’s APL. Schedule work so that covering the fabric with the specified material does not exceed the manufacturer’s recommendations for exposure to ultraviolet light or five days, whichever is less. If the Engineer determines the exposure time was exceeded, the Contractor shall replace the fabric at n o expense to the Department. Place the filter fabric (fabric) at locations as shown in the Plans, in accordance with the manufacturer’s directions. Place the fabric on areas with a uniform slope that are FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents reasonably smooth, free from mounds, windrows, and any debris or projections which might damage the fabric. Loosely lay the material. Do not stretch the material. Replace or repair any fabric damaged or displaced before or during placement of overlying layers . Repair in accordance with the manufacturer' s instructions. The Contractor may sew the seams to reduce overlaps as specified in 985 -3. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for all seams and overlaps.
530-2.1 2 Prepackaged Sand -Cement Bags: Provide prepackaged sand -cement
bags that meet the fol lowing requirements:
1.Evenly proportioned sand and cement in the ratio of five cubic feet of sand to 94 pounds of cement. Material proportioned by mass shall use a sand density of 85 pounds per cubic foot.
2.Sealed package of 80 pounds of sand -cement in a bag.
3.Bag made of scrim -reinforced paper capable of holding the sand -cement without leakage.
4.Sand meets requirements of Section 902-3.3
5.Type I/II cement meets requirements of Section 921. Prepackaged Sand -Cement Bags shall be on e of the products listed on the Department’s Approved Product List. Manufacturers seeking evaluation of their product shall submit an application in accordance with Section 6. Include with the submittal a product data sheet, safety data sheet, product labe l, and a self -certified statement the product meets the requirements of this Section.
530-2.1 3 Rubble:
530-2.1 3.1 Rubble (Bank and Shore Protection): Provide sound, hard,
durable rubble, free of open or incipient cracks, soft seams, or other structural defects, consisting of broken stone with a bulk specific gravity of at least 2.20. Ensure that stones are rough and angular. For this application, us e broken stone meeting the following gradation and thickness requirements: Weight Maximum Pounds Weight 50% Pounds Weight Minimum Pounds Minimum Blanket Thickness in Feet 670 290 60 2.5 Ensure that at least 97% of the material by weight is smaller than Weight Maximum pounds]. Ensure that at least 50% of the material by weight is greater than Weight 50% pounds]. Ensure that at least 85% of the material by weight is greater than Weight Minimum pounds.
530-2.1 3.2 Rubble (Ditch Lining): Use sound, hard, durable rubble, free
of open or incipient cracks, soft seams, or other structural defects, consisting of broken stone or broken concrete with a bulk specific gravity of at least 1.90. Ensure that stones or broken concrete are roug h and angular. Use broken stone or broken concrete meeting the following gradation and thickness requirements: FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents Weight Maximum Pounds Weight 50% Pounds Weight Minimum Pounds Minimum Blanket Thickness in Feet 75 30 4 1.5 Ensure that at least 97% of the material by weight is smaller than Weight Maximum pounds. Ensure that at least 50% of the material by weight is greater than Weight 50% pounds]. Ensure that at least 90% of the material by weight is greater than Weight Minimum pounds].
530-2.1 3.3 Physical Requirements of Broken Stone and Broken
Concrete: Use broken stone and broken concrete meeting the following physical requirements: Absorption (FM 1-T 85) Maximum 5% Los Angeles Abrasion (ASTM C535) Maximum loss 45%* Soundness (Sodium Sulphate) (AASHTO T 104) Maximum loss 12%** (after five cycles) Flat and elongated pieces Materials with least dimension less than one third of greatest dimension not exceeding 10% by weight. Dirt and Fines Materials less than 1/2 inch in maximum dimensi on accumulated from interledge layers, blasting or handling operations not exceeding 5% by weight. Drop Test***(EM 1110 -2-2302) No new cracks developed, or no existing crack widened additional 0.1 inch, or final largest dimension greater than or equal to 90% original largest dimension of dropped piece. * Ensure that granite does not have a loss greater than 55% and that broken concrete does not have a loss greater than 45%. ** The Engineer may accept rubble exceeding the soundness loss limitation if performance history shows that the material will be acceptable for the intended use. The Engineer will waive the soundness specification for rubble riprap (broken stone ) whe n project documents indicate it will be placed in or adjacent to water or soil with a sulfate content less than 150 parts per mill ion and a pH greater than 5.0. Soundness is not required for broken concrete. *** The Engineer will waive the Drop Test unless requ ired to ensure structural integrity. Provide all equipment, labor and testing at no expense to the Department. EM refers to the US Army Corps of Engineer’s Specification Engineering Method .
530-2.1 3.4 Source Approval and Project Control: The Engineer will
approve construction aggregate sources in accordance with 6 -2.3.
1.The Engineer may perform Independent Verification tests on all materials placed on the project.
2.The Engineer will check the gradation of the riprap by visual inspection at the project site. Resolve any difference of opinion with the Engineer in accordance with the method provided in FM 5-538. Provide all equipment, labor, and the sorting site at no expense to the Department.
3.The Engineer may test components in a blen d of rubble processed from different geologic formations, members, groups, units, layers or seams. The Engineer may select components based on like color, surface texture, porosity, or hardness. The Engineer will reject any blend if a component that makes up at least five percent by volume of the blend does not meet these specifications. FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents
530-2.1 4 Bedding Stone: Use Bedding Stone of either a durable quality
limestone or other quarry run stone, with a bulk specific gravity of not less than 1.90 and that is reasonably free from thin, flat and elongated pieces. Ensure that the bedding stone is also reasonably free f rom organic matter and soft, friable particles. Meet the following gradation limits: Standard Sieve Sizes - Inches Individual Percentage by Weight Passing 12 inches 100 10 inches 70 to 100 6 inches 60 to 80 3 inches 30 to 50 1 inch 0 to 15 The Engineer will conduct source approval and project control of bedding stone as specified in 530 -2.1.3.4. In lieu of limestone or other quarry run stone, the Contractor may substitute non -reinforced concrete from existing pavement that is to be removed and w hich meets the above requirements for commercial bedding stone.
530-2.2 Articulating Concrete Block (ACB) Revetment Systems: Obtain all precast
block, cabling, anchors, and necessary incidental materials from the same manufacturer. ACB revetment systems m ust meet the requirements of ASTM D6684, ASTM D7276 and ASTM D7277. Submit to the Engineer certification from the manufacturer that the ACB revetment system meets the requirements of this Section. ACB system components must meet the following requirement s: Concrete ................................ .....Section 347, ASTM D6684 Cables and Fittings ................................ ..........ASTM D6684 Type D-2 Geotextile Fabric * ............................. Section 985 Granular Underlay ................................ ..............Section 901 *Use products listed on the Department’s APL. Cables must maintain at least 85% of original tensile strength (ASTM D638) after 1,000 hours exposure to a saturated solution of calcium hydroxide (pH greater than or equal to
11.at 73°F, plus or minus three degrees . Cables must not exceed a maximum of 0.5% moisture absorption at seven days, per ASTM D570. Cable crimps must be aluminum or stainless steel Type 304 or 316.
530-2.3 Gabions:
530-2.3 1 General: Provide gabions meeting the requirements of ASTM A974
and ASTM A975 as modified herein. FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents Allowable Gabion Wire and Connector Material Substructure Environmental Classification Polymeric Any Metallic Slightly Aggressive Metallic – Galvanized and PVC coa ted Slightly Aggressive Moderately Aggressive Metallic – Type 304 Stainless Steel, Size W1.4 (MW10) or larger Slightly Aggressive Moderately Aggressive Extremely Aggressive (< 2,000 ppm Chlorides) Metallic – Type 316 Stainless Steel, Size W1.4 (MW10) or larger Any
530-2.3 2 Metallic Gabions: The components of metallic gabions must meet the
following requirements: Wire Mesh and Fabric* .................... ASTM A974 and A975 Spiral Binders, Lacing Wire, Stiffeners, and Ring Wire Fasteners ................................ .......... ASTM A974 and A975 Stainless Steel Wire, Wire Fabric, and Lacing Wire ............. ................................ ................................ .........ASTM A1022 *Wire mesh must be Style 1 or Style 3. Wire fabric must be Style 1 or Style 5.
530-2.3 3 Polymeric Gabions : Polymeric gabions must be constructed in general
accordance with ASTM A974 using a s ingle layer of structural geogrid instead of welded wire, and polymeric braid instead of ring wire fasteners. The structural geogrid must be Type R-1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 meeting the requirements of Section 985 and the following: Tensile Strength @2% strain MD* .......................... 575 lb/ft Tensile Strength @ 2% strain XD** ....................... 575 lb/ft Junction Strength (% of Tensile Strength) ..................... 90% Min UV Stability ................................ ............................ 85% Min. Carbon Black Content (by Weight) ......................... 2% *MD = machine direction **XD = cross direction Polymeric braid for seeming polym eric gabions or connecting metallic gabions must have a minimum tensile strength of 400 pounds for a 36 inch long specimen and contain at least 2% carbon black by weight.
530-2.3 4 Gabion Rock: Use rock meet ing the requirements of ASTM D6711 to
fill gabions. The rock must be reasonably free from thin, flat or elongated pieces . Rock size must be at least 1.25 times greater than the aperture size of the wire mesh or fabric. Each range of sizes may allow for a variation of 5 % oversize rock by weight, 5 % undersize rock by weight, or both. Physical Property Requirements Acceptable Range Los Angeles Abrasion and ASTM C535 Maximum loss 40 % Bulk Specific Gravity Minimum 2.20 Absorption, ASTM C127 and ASTM C128 Maximum 3% FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents
530-2.3 5 Miscellaneous Components: Miscellaneous components for gabion
installations must meet the following requirements: Type D-2 Geotextile Fabric * .............................. Section 985 Granular Underlay ................................ ..............Section 901 Anchors .... Section 451 or manufacturer’s recommendations *Use products l isted on the Department’s APL.
530-3 Construction and Installation.
530-3.1 Geotextile Fabric: Overlap adjacent strips of fabric a minimum of 24 inches,
and anchor them with securing pins (as recommended by the manufacturer) inserted through both strips o f fabric along a line through the midpoint of the overlap and to the extent necessary to prevent displacement of the fabric. Place the fabric so that the upstream (upper) strip of fabric overlaps the downstream (lower) strip. Stagger vertical laps a minimum of 5 feet. Use full rolls of fabric whenever possible in order to reduce the number of vertical laps. Do not drop bedding stone or riprap from heights greater than 3 feet onto the fabric.
530-3.2 Sand-Cement Bags:
530-3.2 1 Placing: Place the bags with their ends all in the same direction. Lay
the bags with broken joints, in a regular pattern. Ram or pack the bags against each other so as to form a close and molded contact. Remove and replace bags ripped or torn in placing with sound , unbroken bags. Then, thoroughly saturate all bags with water.
530-3.2 2 Grouting: Immediately after watering, fill all openings between bags
with dry grout composed of one -part Portland cement and five parts sand.
530-3.2 3 Toe Walls: Use sand-cement bags for the toe walls if required. Fill the
entire trench excavated for the toe walls with sand -cement bags.
530-3.3 Rubble: Dump rubble in place forming a compact layer conforming to the neat
lines and thickness specified in the Plans. Ensure that rubb le does not segregate so that smaller pieces evenly fill the voids between the larger pieces.
530-3.4 Bedding Stone: Place a minimum one foot thick layer of bedding stone under all
rubble riprap without puncturing or tearing the geotextile fabric. The Eng ineer will allow an in place thickness tolerance of plus or minus one inch. Remove and replace geotextile fabric damaged as a result of operations at no expense to the Department.
530-3.5 Articulating Concrete Block (ACB) Revetment System: Install the A CB
revetment system in accordance with ASTM D6884 and the manufacturer’s recommendations, unless directed otherwise by the Engineer. Prior to installation, construct the area to be stabilized to an elevation such that, upon completion of stabilizing oper ations, the completed stabilized subgrade will conform to the lines, grades and cross slope shown in the Plans. Bring the subgrade surface to a plane approximately parallel to the plane of the proposed finished surface, such that, upon placement of the mat , no individual block within the ACB mat will protrude more than one -half inch from any adjacent block. Uniformly compact each subgrade layer to achieve the density required in the Plans. If the Plans do not provide for stabilizing, compact the subgrade in both cuts and fills, to the density specified in ASTM D6884. FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents Embed anchors at least six feet into the subgrade at a 45 degree angle into the bank with a minimum pullout resistance of 875 pounds. In the presence of the Engineer, perform on-site anchor st rength testing to verify the required pull out resistance is achieved. Anchor strength testing must be performed on the first two and final two installed anchors, and randomly throughout the installation operation such that 5% of all installed anchors are tested for pullout resistance. If any anchor fails to meet the pullout resistance requirement, test every subsequent installed anchor until a revised installation plan is proposed and approved by the Engineer. Anchor spacing cannot exceed four feet. Immediately prior to placing the geotextile fabric and ACB system, inspect the prepared subgrade to ensure it is free of loose material and the surface is smoothly compacted. Place the geotextile fabric directly on the prepared area, in intimate contact with t he subgrade and free of folds or wrinkles. Do not glue or physically bond the geotextile fabric to the ACB mat. Install a six inch thick layer of bedding stone under the geotextile fabric, when called for in the Plans. When installing ACB systems around curves, the mats shall be matched up to the greatest extent possible. Gaps greater than one block size shall be filled with a block and grouted the depth of the block with non -structural grout. Do not install blocks with chips that result in any block w eighing less than 95% of the manufacture specified weight.
530-3.6 Gabions: Install double-twisted wire mesh gabions in accordance with
ASTM D7014. Install welded wire fabric gabions and polymeric gabions in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. Prior to installation, complete a ny required excavation and preparation of the foundation as shown in the Plans or as directed . Install soil anchors as specified in the Plans. All adjoining gabion units shall be c onnected along the perimeter of their contact surfaces to obtain a monolithic structure. If more than one tier, stagger the vertical joints of subsequent rows by one half cell length and adjoin the empty gabions to the top of the lower tier along the front and back edges of the contact surface. Fill gabions in a manner that minimizes voids, protects against local deformation of the basket or mattress and prevents damage to PVC coating. At no point in the filling process may rock be mechanically placed fro m a height of over 36 inches from machine to fill area. Uniformly overfill gabions by 1 to 2 inches to compensate for future rock settlements. Any damage to the basket, mattress, or coatings during assembly, placement , or filling shall be repaired prompt ly in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations or replaced with undamaged gabion baskets.
530-4 Method of Measurement.
530-4.1 Sand-Cement Bags: The quantity to be paid for will be the volume, in cubic
yards, calculated from the minimum dimensio ns shown in the Plans or Standard Plans , satisfactorily placed and accepted.
530-4.2 Rubble and Bedding Stone: The quantities to be paid for will be the weight, in
tons, in surface dry natural state, by railroad scales, truck scales, or barge displacement . The Contractor shall determine the weights as follows:
1.Railroad Weights: The Contractor shall weigh railroad cars on railroad scales, before and after loading or before and after unloading. If weighed by other than the Engineer, a FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents certified statemen t of weights will be required. Certificates of weight, furnished by the railroad company, will be acceptable without further certification.
2.Truck Weights: The Contractor shall weigh trucks on certified scales, loaded and empty, as prescribed above for railroad weights. The Contractor shall weigh trucks in the presence of the Engineer, or submit certificates of weights.
3.Barge Displacement: The Engineer will measure each barge. The Contractor shall fit each barge with gauges graduated in 0.10 foot increments. The Contractor shall locate a gauge at each corner of the barge near the lower end of the rake. The Contractor shall furnish additional gauges amidships if the Engineer deems necessary. The Engineer will compute all weights.
530-4.3 Articulating Concrete Block (ACB) Revetment System: The quantity to be
paid for will be the plan quantity, in square yards, completed and accepted, subject to the provisions of 9 -3.2. No allowance will be made for ACB placed outside the Plan dimensions, unless the additional placement is ordered by the Engineer.
530-4.4 Gabions: For mattress type applications, t he quantity to be paid for will be the
plan quantity, in square yards, placed in the final locations. For stacked basket applications, t he quantity to be paid for will be the plan quantity, in cubic yards, placed in the final locations .
530-5 Basis of Payment.
530-5.1 Sand-Cement: Price and payment will be full compensation for all work
specified in this Section, including all materials, labor, hauling, excavation, and backfill. Include the cost of dressing and shaping the existing fills (or subgrade) for placing riprap in the Co ntract unit price for riprap (sand -cement).
530-5.2 Rubble: Price and payment will be full compensation for all work specified in
this Section, including all materials, hauling, excavation, and backfill. Include the cost of dressing and shaping the exis ting fills (or subgrade) for placing riprap in the Contract unit price for riprap (rubble). As an exception to the above, concrete that is shown to be removed from an existing structure and subsequently disposed of by being used in the embankment as ripr ap will not be paid for under this Section. Include the cost of such work under removal of existing structures.
530-5.3 Bedding Stone: Price and payment will be full compensation for all work
specified in this Section, including all materials and hauling. Include the cost of dressing and shaping the existing fills (or subgrade) for placing bedding stone in the Contract unit price for riprap (rubble).
530-5.4 Geotextile Fabric: Include the cost of materials and installation of the geotextile
fabric, including any repairs or replacement, in the Contract unit price for riprap or ACB revetment system .
530-5.5 Articulating Concrete Block (ACB) Revetment System: Price and payment
will be full compensation for all work specified in this Section, including all materials, labor, hauling, excavation and backfill.
530-5.6 Gabions: Price and payment will be full compensation for all work specified in
this Section, including all materials, labor , hauling, excavation and backfill.
530-5.7 Payment Items. Payment will be made under:
Item No. 530 - 1- Riprap Sand -Cement Bags - per cubic yard. Item No. 530 - 3- Riprap (Rubble) - per ton. FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents Item No. 530 - 4- Articulating Concrete Block Revetment System - per square yard. Item No. 530 - 5- Gabion Item No. 530 - 74- Bedding St one - per ton. FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents SECTION 534 NOISE AND PERIMETER WALLS
534-1 Description.
534-1.1 Precast Concrete Noise Walls:
Furnish and install concrete noise walls with piles, posts and panels constructed in accordance with Standard Plans, Index 534-200, unless the Plans indicate otherwise . Secure joints and connections in a structurally sound manner without openings in the system that would allow transmission of sound.
534-1.2 Perimeter Walls:
Furnish and install perimeter walls and foundation s in accordance with Standard Plans, Index 534-250 for either the precast concrete or the masonry option.
534-2 Materials.
Meet the following requirements: Portland Cement Concrete ................................ ..Section 346 Reinforcing Steel ................................ ................ Section 415 Welded Wire Reinforcement ( WWR) ................ Section 415 Concrete Masonry Units (CMU) ........................ ASTM C90 Mortar ................................ ............................... ASTM C270 Grout ................................ ................................ . ASTM C476 Horizontal Joint Reinforcing ................................ .................. ................................ .............. ASTM A951* or ASTM A580 Control Joints .......................... ACI 530.1 Article 2.5 A or B * Galvanized in accordance with ASTM A153
534-3 Requirements .
Construct concrete components in accordance with Section 400.
534-3.1 Precast Concrete Requirements:
Obtain precast concrete components from a plant that is currently on the Department’s Production Facility Listing. Producers seeking inclusion on the list must meet the requirements of Section 105. Do not accept products that are not permanently and clearly stamped on the tongue and groove portion of the panel and posted with the type, date cast, project number, and the manufacturer’s name or symbol by the Producer.
534-3.2 Masonry Requirements:
Conform to the requirements of Specification for Masonry Structures (TMS 602/ACI 530.1/ASCE6) , except as modified by the Plans or this Specification. Submit to the Engineer a certification that materials provided meet the requirements of this Section.
534-4 Shop Drawing Submittal.
Submit shop drawings for precast elements, when required, in accordance with Section 5, showing a plan and elevation with the following project specific information:
1.Begin and end wall stations with offsets
2.Horizontal and vertical alignments of the wall
3.Panel locations
a.Graphic details and graphic panel locations (noise walls only) FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents
Source: Florida Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2024 Edition. Pages 744–752 of 1,299.