for Highway Construction Page 537 of 71 5 SECTION 627 – PAINTING
627.01 Description.
Prepare surfaces and apply paint to specified surfaces. Provide protective devices to prevent damage to the work, facilities, or traffic. Dispose of waste.
627.02 Materials.
Provide materials as specified in 707 for selected paint systems. Use the following structural steel paint systems:
1.System A: application to newly fabricated girders and bearings.
2.System B: application to newly fabricated railing, immersion service (2 coats of epoxy below waterline and one coat of urethane above the waterline), and repair of System A.
3.System C and D: spot, zone, or encapsulation of existing paint, including lead based paint.
4.System E: selected immersion service based on water quality conditions. Each system for stru ctural steel paint is described in Table 627.02- 1. Table 627.02-1 – System Descriptio ns System Application Layer - Formula Composition Dry Film Thickness A Shop only Primer - 1 Intermediate - 5 Top Coat - 8 Inorganic Zinc Epoxy Polyurethane 3 - 5 mils 4 - 6 mils 2 - 4 mils B Shop or Field Primer - 2 Intermediate - 5 Top Coat - 8 Organic Zinc Epoxy Polyurethane 3 - 5 mils 4 - 6 mils 2 - 4 mils C Shop or Field Primer - 3 Intermediate - 6 Top Coat - 9 Moisture Cured Urethanes Moisture Cured Urethanes Moisture Cured Urethanes 3 - 5 mils 3 - 5 mils 3 - 5 mils D Shop or Field Primer - 3 Intermediate - 6 Top Coat - 8 Moisture Cured Urethanes Moisture Cured Urethanes Polyurethane 3 - 5 mils 3 - 5 mils 3 - 5 mils E Shop or Field Primer - 4 Intermediate - 5 Top Coat - 8 Epoxy Epoxy Polyurethane 4 - 6 mils 4 - 6 mils 3 - 5 mils for Highway Construction Page 538 of 715 627.03 Construction Requirements.
A.General. Comply with applicable environmental protection and occupational safety and health standards, rules, regulations, and orders. Failure to comply is sufficient cause for painting contractor suspension or disqualification. Contain waste materials (e.g., used blasting material, old paint ) classified as hazardous and dispose in accordance with the applicable fe deral, state, and local laws. Provide protective devices (e. g., tarps, screens, covers) as necessary to prevent damage to the work and to other property or persons from cleaning and painting operations. Assume responsibility for damage to vehicles, persons, or property resulting from the painting operations. Remove or obliterate paint or paint stains that result in an unsightly appearance on surfaces not designated to be painted. Protect th e prepared surface from weather and contamination before and during the application process. Protect the work against disfigurement by splatters, splashes, and smirches of paint materials. Protect painted surfaces from weather, contamination, and damage until the paint has dried. Repair painted surfac es that are marred or damaged during the operation to a condition equal to that of the coating specified. Sprinkle the adjacent roadbed and shoulders with water or dust abatement for a sufficient distance on each side when traffic causes an objectionable amount of dust. After painting operations are complete, thoroughly clean the painted surfaces of other work that would cause dust, grease, or other foreign m aterials to be deposited on the painted surfaces. Ensure the dry film thickness of each coat and total thickness of the finished product is as specified. Determine the thickness of previously applied coatings, or an existing coating that is to be top- coated on steel, in accordance with SSPC -PA 2 before applying the next coat. Separately apply each coat of paint to ensure complete coverage. Hide the previous coat by a single coat of the next application. Apply paint only on clean and dry surfaces and only during periods of favorable weather and as follows:
1.The atmospheric temperature, paint , and surface to be painted are between 45°F and 100°F when metal surfaces are 5°F above th e dew point.
2.The humidity is less than 85 percent. Determine the dew point with the use of a psychrometer and psychrometric tables.
3.Do not paint when the temperature of the air, paint, or metal is below that described in the product technic al data sheet, when the air is misty, or when conditions are otherwise unsatisfactory.
4.Do not paint damp or frosted surfaces or surfaces hot enough to cause the paint to blister, to produce a porous paint film, or to cause the vehicle to separate from the pigment.
5.Do not apply paint coat if the anticipated atmospheric temperature will not remain above 45°F during the drying period. for Highway Construction Page 539 of 71 5 Provid e a suitable enclosure to allow painting during inclement weather. Control atmospheric conditions inside the encl osure throughout the painting operation. Remove the enclosure when the paint is dry or weather conditions allow open exposure. Perform painting in a neat and skillful manner. Ensure the application is without runs, sags, skips, and other defects . Apply a subsequent coat only when the previous coat is dry and clean. Provide rollers, when used, of a t ype that does not leave a stippled texture in the paint film. If air spray is used, provide suitable traps or separators to exclude oil and water from the air. Keep the paint thoroughly mixed by continuous mechanical agitation. Keep paint thoroughly mixed so the pigments stay suspended during its application. Thin the paint in accordance with the manufacturer’s written instructions and product data sheets. The same manufacturer will provide coatings for the complete system. Store paint materials in the manufacturer’s original containers, in a weather tight space, and where the temperature is maintained within the paint manufacturer’s recommended storage temperature range. Monitor the paint material storage facility with a high- low recording thermometer device. Ensure paint storage facility is separate from the storage facilities used for storing painting equipment, storing contaminated waste, or construction generated was te. Warrant coatings for 1 year after acceptance.
B.Painting of Existing Structural Steel . Apply coating systems on existing structural steel .
C.Painting New Structural Steel .
1.Surface Preparation. References (e.g., SSPC -SP 10, SSPC -PA 1) refer to Volume 2, Systems and Specifications, of SSPC's Steel Structures Painting Council Manual. SSPC -Vis 1 refers to SSPC's Visual Standards for Abrasive Blast Cleaned Steel. Blast clean new steel structure surfaces to be coated in accordance with SSPC -SP 10 Near -White Blast. Use methods specified in SSPC -SP 1, SSPC -SP 2, and SSPC -SP 3 as necessary to supplement blast cleaning. The near -white blast surface is shown in the pictorial standards of SSPC -Vis 1. If a conflict between the pictorial standard and the written SSPC definition, follow the written definition. Prepare contaminated surfaces to the Engineer's satisfaction before application of coating material. Ensu re the surface covered with a coating is free of moisture, dust, grease, or other substance that prevents bonding. Perform blast cleaning using an abrasive that will uniformly produce a surface profile of 1.5 to 3.5 millimeters deep, in a dense, uniform pattern of depressions and ridges but not greater than that recommended by the paint manufacturer. Verify the surface profile obtained on the prepared surface using ASTM D4417 Method A or C. Grind laminations raised by the blasting operation to a flush surface and reblast the ground area to obtain the specified anchor pattern. Submit a written record of surface profile measurements. Grind the edges of flame- cut steel that will receive paint until the hardened edge accepts the abrasive blast imparted during the blasting procedure. Verify the surface profile obtained on this prepared surface using ASTM D4417 Method A. for Highway Construction Page 540 of 715 Prepare edges of plates of main stress carrying members, except bearing stiffeners and girder webs, in accordance with ANS I/AASHTO/AWS D1.5M Section 3.2.9. Meet the welding requirements of ANSI/AASHTO/AWS D1.5M Bridge Welding Code before painting.
2.Materials. Meet the materials requirements as specified, with an inorganic zinc primer, epoxy intermediate, and a polyurethane topcoat. Paint the structural steel as specified using paint System A as specified in Table 627.02- 1. Ensure the coated steel f inal dry film thickness is 9 to 15 millimeters. Submit a manuf acturer's certification stating the coating materials meet the specifications and the coatings are compatible. The Engineer will not allow application of coating materials until the product certi fications have been provided and the materials have been tested and accepted by the Central Materials Laboratory . Notify the Engineer at the preconstruction meeting which manufacturer’s products will be used along with the paint supplier’s nam e and telephone number. The Central Materials Laboratory will set up the inspection of the products at the manufacturer’s plant or supplier’s facility on notification. The Depar tment will inspect, sample, test, and approve the products before being released for shipment to the fabricator or the field painter. Allow a t least 14 calendar days for the testing of the paint samples in the Central Ma terials Laboratory a fter the products are received. Submit the paint manufacturer's current product data sheets, mixing and thinning directions, recommended spray nozzle types and sizes, spray pressures, minimum drying times, temperature and humidity data for curing , and other appropriate product information, for approval.
3.Coating of New Structural Steel . When not in conflict with these specifications, perform coating application using trade best practices, coating manufacturer’s written instruct ions, and those applicable portions of SSPC -PA 1. Prepare surface of the structural steel specified to receive the paint system, apply finish, protect shop and field- applied paint coatings, and complete other work specified. Apply in the shop the prime, intermediate, and topcoat coatings in accordance with the manufacturer’s written instructions and this section . The steel fabricator apply ing the shop coats and the Contractor per forming the field painting will be certified in accordance with the Steel Structures Painting Council (SSPC) Painting Contractor Certification Program or approved equal. Approved equal can be documentation by the fabricator and/or the Contractor , provided they have been successful in applying bridge paint systems for at least the past 5 years. Clean the surfaces prepared for painting for approval. The Engineer will observe and inspect the first applications of the 3 paint coats. Ensure the first members painted with the 3- coat system meet the Engineer’s satisfaction and approval. Once approved, this application of coatings will be the standard by which the Engineer will judge the remaining paint work. Only apply a prim e coat in the shop to faying surfaces and the exposed bolted connection areas where bolt heads, washers, and nuts are exposed to the steel. The design of bolted faying surfaces is for a Class B Slip Coefficient. En sure the faying surfaces are painted to the correct paint dry film thickness to provide a Class B Slip Coefficient. Mask other coats from the faying surface. Supply a for Highway Construction Page 541 of 715 paint manufacturer's testing certification that shows the paint to be used will provide the required resistance at the proposed thickness when tested in accordance with the requirements of the Research Council on Structural Bolting Test Method to Determi ne the Slip Coefficient for Coatings Used in Bolted Joints . Apply coatings in an enclosed shop with a controlled environment to match best conditions for application and curing as recommended by the paint manufacturer. Apply the prime coat the same day the steel is blasted. If the steel shows flash rusting before being primed, blast clean the steel again to meet the specifications. If material, other than rust, contaminates the prepared surface, clean the surface to meet the specifi cations and the Engineer’s approval before making the succeeding application. Apply each coat in a uniform layer, completely covering the preceding coat. Tint the individual coats sufficiently different so skips and holidays can be easily detected. Correc t runs, sags, skips, mud cracking, holidays, or other deficiencies before application of succeeding coats. The Engineer may require corrective work (e.g., re- cleaning, application of additional coating) at no additional cost to the Department. Precede each specified coat by a strip coat on edges, corners, seams , crevices, interior angles, joining members junctions, rivet or bolt heads, nuts and threads, weld lines , and similar surfac e irregularities. Ensure a sufficient t hickness of strip coat completely hides the surface being covered; follow as soon as practical by the application of the full prime, intermediate, or finish coats to its specified thickness. Application of this strip coat may require special techniques in accordance with the manufacturer’s written application specifications. For steel surfaces inaccessible to painting after erection, paint surfaces before erection. Discuss inaccessible ar eas with the Engineer before painting. Make and record coating thickness measurements and a visual inspection for complete coverage after each coat application and before succeeding coat application. If dry film thickness measurements or visual inspections of coverage do not meet the specified minimum, make additional applications. Measure dry film thickness above the average magnetic surface profile of the anchor pattern in the steel substrate. The Engineer will measure the dry film thic kness for acceptance using ASTM D1186 Method A or B (magnetic gauge or magnetic flux gauge). If a question arises about an individual coat thickness or coverage, the Engineer will verify using ASTM D4138 Method A (Tooke Gauge). If the To oke Gauge shows a prime coat thickness to be less than the specified minimum thickness or a missing intermediate coat, the Engineer will reject the total coating system on that member even if the thickness of the total system equals or exceeds total thickness specified. The C ontractor or the fabricator will reclean and recoat the steel at no additional cost to the Department. On areas where the Tooke Gauge is used to determine coating thickness and the prime coat is determined to be of the correct thickness, repair the destruc tive test area in accordance with the approved repair procedure. Repair the test area at no additional cost to the Department. In areas where dry film thickness measurements are impractical, the Engineer will measure wet film thickness in accordance with A STM D1212 or ASTM D4414.
4.Field Painting and Repair. Supply the approved steel fabricator field and repair procedures plan to the field personnel. Ensure field repairs include the appl ication of the complete 3- coat system for Highway Construction Page 542 of 715 (primer, intermediate, and finish coats). Use Formula 2 – Organic Zinc Rich with a dry film thickness of 3 to 5 millimeters in the field for minor primer damage. Clean the erected exposed bolted areas and areas with exposed primer with intermediate and topcoat application. Make field painting and repairs in accordance with the coating manufacturer’s written instructions, the field painting, and repair plan. The Engineer will review the field painting areas for approval before final acceptance. Prevent damage with temporary attachments or supports for scaffolding or forms to the coating system. Repair damage that may occur in accordance with the prescribed procedure at no additional cost to the Department.
5.Protection of the Work. Adequately protect the work until final acceptance. Protect surfaces not to be coated under this contract from overspray and drippings. Repair painted surfaces that are marred or damaged with materials to a condition equal to that required for the finished surface. Replace or repair damaged coatings at no additional cost to the Department.
6.Environmental Control. Apply coating materials as specified and in accordance with the manufacturer’s written specifications. Adhere to the manufacturer’s written specifications for uniform temperature and humidity for the curing of the inor ganic zinc. The Engineer will not allow application if conditions are not favorable for the proper application and performance of the coating.
7.Transportation and Erection. Exercise extreme care in handling the steel in the shop, during shipping, during erection, and during subsequent erection o f the bridge. Insulate the steel from t he binding chains by approved softeners. Pad hooks and slings used to hoist steel. Space the diaphragms and similar pieces so rubbing damage to the coating will not occur during shipment. Store the steel on pallets at the project site or by other approved means so the steel does not rest on the dirt or so steel components do not fall or rest on each other. Before shipping the steel, present shipping and project site storage details for approval at the prefabrication meeting.
8.Sealing. Fill an d seal crevices and gaps between structural shapes and plates, around bolt heads or nuts, and similar areas that would retain moisture with the following:
a.Coating materials where possible.
b.Sealant if the crevice or ga p cannot be bridged with coating materi als. Apply the sealant after complete application of topcoat.
c.Backing material and sealant to fill crevices and gaps the sealant alone cannot bridge. Apply sealant over the backi ng material to form a watertight seal.
9.Stenciling. Stencil the month and year of application and the type of coating used in 2- inch high block letters at 2 locations on the structure being coated. The Engineer will determine the exact stenciling location. Color the stenciling flat black.
10.Qualit y Control and Assurance Inspection. Be responsible for quality control (QC) of the surface preparation and painting . Submit a QC plan for approval before starting work. Perform inspection and testing in accordance w ith the QC plan. Ensure the QC plan includes at least the following information: for Highway Construction Page 543 of 715 a. Paint manufacturer brand and type of paint proposed for each coat.
b.A copy of the manufacturer’s certification, as specified in 707.03, show ing the paint meets the contract , including the VOC limitations.
c.Curing timetable with temperature and humidity requirements for the specified thickness of the applied inorganic zinc.
d.Masking plans and diagram for bolted and faying surface areas.
e.Testing frequency and acceptance criteria for surface profile and dry film thickness measurements of each coating. Include the type of measuremen t instrument and calibration standards by which the instrument will be calibrated.
f.A copy of the QC sheet that will be used to maintain the written records of the date and time of blasting , measured surface profile of the steel, date and time of coating applications, cure times, dry film thickness of each coating, batch numbers of coatings, air temperature, relative humidity, and steel temperature at the time of coating.
g.Shop paint repai r procedures (e.g., for scratches, gouges, holidays, mud cracking, runs, sags) .
h.Field painting and repair procedures.
i.Equipment maintenance procedures (e.g., moisture traps, cleanness check on recycled abrasive, paint nozzle tip replacements).
j.Designate a QC offic er responsible for ensuring the above procedures are maintained.
11.Quality Assurance. The Engineer will perform inspection and testing as necessary to verify that an acceptable product is provided as specified. The Engineer will perform QA inspection on cleaning and painting for approval. The Engineer may inspect cleaned surfaces before painting. Provide the necessary means for inspections.
D.Painting Timber.
1.Preparing Surf aces. Remove cracked or peeled paint , loose chalky paint, dirt, and other foreign material by wire brushing, scraping, or other means immediately before painting. Ensure the moisture content of the timber is less than 20 percent at the time of the fir st application.
2.Paint . Paint Formula 11 and Formula 12. Use 3 applications to paint new timber requiring painting . Paint is intended for use in covering previously painted surfaces. Use white or tinted paint as specified. Apply paint by brush, air spray, or roller, spread evenly, and work thoroughly into seasoning cracks, corners, and recesses. Apply another coat when the full thickness of the previous coat has dried.
3.Application. After the first application has dried and the timber is in place, putty cracks, checks, nail holes, or other depressions flush with the surface.
E.Painting Concrete .
1.Preparing the Surface. Remove laitance and curing compounds from the surface before painting the concrete surfaces. Use abrasive blast cleaning. for Highway Construction Page 544 of 71 5 At the time the paint is to be applied, ensure the surface is thoroughly dry and dust free.
2.Paint . Use Formula 13 tinted paint as specified.
3.Application. Apply paint in 2 separate coats, at a minimum finished application rate of 100 to 150 square feet per gallon. Apply the second coat in a direction perpendicular to the first coat. All ow the first coat to dry thoroughly before applying the second coat. Ensure final appearance is even with uniform color acceptable to the Engineer. Paint only when the ambient temperature is 50°F or above for the application and drying of th e paint.
627.04 Method of Measurement
The Engineer will not measure the work.
627.05 Basis of Payment .
Painting is incidental work for the items requiring paint . for Highway Construction Page 545 of 715 SECTION 628 – SNOW POLES
628.01 Description.
Provide and install snow poles .
628.02 Materials.
Provide materials as specified in: Rigid Posts for Delineators, Snow Poles , and Milepost s ......................................................... 708.16 Retrorefl ective Sheeting .......................................................................................................... 712.02 Flexible Snow Poles ................................................................................................................ 712.11
628.03 Construction Requirements.
Install snow poles as follows:
1.Rigid Snow Poles . Assemble rigid snow poles, delineator , and ref lectors .
2.Flexible Snow Poles . Attach flexible snow pole to rigid delineator post and attach reflectors in accordance with the manufacturer’s written instructions.
628.04 Method of Me asurement.
The Engin eer will measure acceptably completed work per each.
628.05 Basis of Payment .
The Department will pay for accepted quantities as follows: Pay Item Pay Unit Snow Poles , Type ______ ...................................................................... Each The Department will not make separate payment for delineators where rigid snow poles are installed.
Source: Idaho Standard Specifications for Highway Construction, 2023 Edition. Pages 573–580 of 768.