for Highway Construction Page 601 of 71 5 SECTION 675 – SURVEYING
675.01 Description.
Surveying includes scheduling, coordinating, and providing construction surveying, field and pl an measurements, confidence point checks, grade verification point checks, calculations necessary for completing the work and to properly control the work in its entirety, and quantity computations for pay items requiring volume measurements. Measurement of all other pay quantities is excluded from this item of work. Perform work as specified and in accordance with standard engineering and surveying practices under the responsible charge of a professional engineer or an Idaho licensed PLS. Any work that falls under 54 1202(11), Idaho Code (e.g., setting centerline control, resetting land corners, locating property lines , setting right of way monuments, creating authoritative control positions) is required to be completed by an Idaho licensed PLS. Select the PLS for work required under this section from the survey firms currently listed under the Department’s consultant term agreement list (i.e., category C -1a, C -2, or C -3).
A.General. The Contractor is responsible for survey and control. Correcting errors made by the Contractor will be at no additional cost to the Department, whether the errors are discovered during the actual survey work or in subsequent phases of the work. The Engineer has the right to communicate directly with the surveyor.
B.Personnel. Furnish technically qualified survey crews and a crew supervisor experienced in highway and bridge surveying and layout. The qualified crew supervisor will be on the project site whenever surveying or staking is in progress.
C.Equipment. Furnish survey instruments and support ing equipment capable of achieving the specified tolerances. Check survey equipment for accuracy before beginning survey work and as required.
D.Submittals. Submittals for any work that falls under 54- 1202(11), Idaho Code must be signed and sealed by an Idaho licensed PLS. All other work under this item may be signed and sealed by an Idaho licensed engineer or PLS. Resubmittals may be required depending on completeness and correctness of the work. Initial ground disturbing activities or bridge deck construction is not allowed until the Contractor is notified in writing to procee d. Notification will be provided within 7 calendar days after receipt of the applicable submittal or any resubmittals. Notification to proceed does not relieve the Contractor of its responsibility to maintain the surv ey work and to correct errors, regardless if the errors are discovered during the actual survey work or in subsequent phases of the work. Full payment will not be made on the surveying contract pay item until all survey submittals are received and accepted.
E.Department -Provided Information. The Department will furnish the following data: Plans showing locations of control points at the beginning and the end of the project (e.g., point of intersection of tangents, point of curvature, point of tangency of horizontal curves, point on curve, point on tangent) that have been collected in the development of the plans, if any.
1.Plans showing locations of benchmarks, if any. for Highway Construction Page 602 of 71 5 2. Cross -sections developed during design, if any.
3.Digital terrain model (DTM). Pre -design/original surface and design surface, if any.
4.Design survey notes, if any.
5.Finished grade book, if any. Copies of Department -provided survey data will be available for the bidder's inspection . Verify survey data provided by the Department and as specified before use.
F.Pre-survey Conference. The Contractor, subcontractors, PLS, survey crew leader, and all surveying personnel involved in surveying will meet with the Engineer 2 weeks before beginning survey work. The pre- survey conference is to allow the discussion of methods and practices of accomplishing the required survey work (e.g., survey and staking methods, stake marking, grade control, confidence and grade verification point reporting, referencing, structure con trol, project documentation).
G.Automated Machine Guidance (AMG). Instead of setting stakes, the Contractor may elect to use AMG if the Contractor:
1.Informs and receives Engineer approval before using AMG.
2.Discusses the AMG work du ring the pre-survey conference or 21 calendar days before its use.
3.Demonstrates capabilities, acc uracy, and reliability of the intended AMG procedure, if required.
4.Performs any supplemental staking as directed at no cost to the Department.
5.Provides confidence points verifying DTM models used for the work as specified in 675.03.H.
H.Directed Surveyi ng. Directed surveying includes field surveying and office computations necessary for changes made by the Department and for extra work . Directed surveying does not include any quantity calculations. Prior written authorization, including the work to be performed, is required. Clearly mark all field work completed under directed surveying in the daily diary and total hours directed daily. All requirements of 675 will apply to directed surveying.
I.Monument Survey Work. Complete tasks required as specified in 107.19.1, 107.19.2, and 107.19.3 before other construction surveying tasks; these tasks will be paid under 107.19.
675.02 Materials.
A.General. Furnish acceptable tools, supplies, and stakes of the type and quality normally used in highway survey work. Furnish stakes and hubs of sufficient length to provide a solid set in the ground with sufficient surface area above ground for necessary legible markings. Remove and dispose of construction flagging, lath, stakes, and other staking material after the work is complete. for Highway Construction Page 603 of 71 5 B. Flagging. Mark the top 2 inches of stakes with fluorescent paint and/or plastic flagging with the following fluorescent colors: Table 675.02- 1 – Fluorescent Colors Type Stake with Color Centerline Hub w/ tack or PK nail in pavement White Centerline Reference Point Hub w/ tack and lath Red, White, and Blue Benchmark Solid permanent point w/ lath White and Blue Slope Stake Stake and lath White Reference to Slope Stake Hub w/ tack and lath Red and White Grade (Finish) Stake Grade stake w/ stake chaser Blue Right of Way Limit Lath Orange Clearing Limits Lath or flaggin g Oran ge and White Gas Lines; Petroleum Hub w/ guard stake and lath Yellow Drain Lines; Sewers Hub w/ guard stake and lath Green Waterl ines; Irrigation Hub w/ guard stake and lath Blue Conduit Hub w/ guard stake Red Note: Color standards may vary when utilities have been located by the utility marking service. Mark reference stakes with the color of the referred item (e.g., red for conduit ).
675.03 Construction Requirements.
A.General. Establish construction survey points, elevations, and grades as necessary to control, layout, and complete the work. Clear the survey line to facilitate surveying and remove clearing s lash f rom the travel or work areas. Cut brush and trees flush to the ground. Minimize removal unless area is to be cleared and grubbed during construction. Check control surveying and staking to ensure specified tolerances are met before use. Calculate grades , elevations, offsets, and alignment data necessary for staking and/or setting items. Submit copies of the calculated grades. The Contractor may request approval for alternate methods of establishing grade control with wire lines, computer or laser -controlled grading equipment, or other suitable methods. The Contractor is responsible for protecting the survey and control work provided. Stakes and information damaged or removed will be replaced by the Contractor at no additional cost to the Department. for Highway Construction Page 604 of 71 5 The Department may spot check the work for accuracy and unacceptable work may be rejected. The Contractor will resurvey rejected work and correct work that is n ot wit hin the specified tolerances at no additional cost to the Department. For work being controlled by a 3D design model, submit t he following:
1.A detailed outline and list of the pay items and work that will be controlled by the 3D design model.
2.A narrative outlining any changes made to the Department’s prepared 3D design model.
3.A copy of the data files that will be loaded into the Contractor’s equipment for machine guidance or verification prepared by the Contractor that include and r epresent the Department’s prepared 3D design model with changes identified in the narrative. Provide files in LandXML format or as directed.
B.Discrepancy Notification . Complete a preliminary check of the plans and specifications before beginning construction. Immediately notify the Engineer of any discrepancies or deficiencies (e.g., in grade, elevations, alignment, locations, dimensions). Compare staked cut and fill depths with the plans. Refer to the Engineer differences found between t he horizontal or vertical alignment data shown and the alignment observed on the ground during progress of the work not immediately correctable or requiring interpretation.
C.Recordkeeping. Comply with 55 -19, Idaho Code, if a record of survey is required. Keep a neat and legible diary, signed daily, and listing for each day's work including the date, weather, crew, equipment, location, and type of work performed. List by serial number measurement equipment (e.g., distance meters, total stat ions, scanners, GPS receivers, levels) that require calibration for correct operations and document calibration at the time of use. Delete errors by lining out. The daily diary is in addition to and complementary to any electronic data collection tec hnolog y used by the Contractor. Keep a separate field book containing data on vertical and horizontal control. Keep diaries containing a log of office work. Keep a separate diary for directed surveying office computations. Keep field notes, diaries, and books according to standard surveying practice. Loose leaf books in any form will not be accepted. Make available the field notebooks and forms used upon request. Submit weekly copies of diaries, books, and notes.
D.Computations and Plots. Use prismoidal and geometric formulas for volume computations to calculate pay items requiring more precise volume measurements (e.g., in- place volumes of concrete, quantities of earth cut or fill, materi al stockpiles). Submit calculations supporting the method used. Measure the original and design surface for comparison and submit documentation. Calculate preliminary quantities from this data, using the average-end-area method, and submit plots and calcul ations for approval. When work is complete, superimpose final design surface with original surface and calculate final quantities using the prismoidal method. Alternate methods for calculating quantities may be approved. Submit measurements and calculations for quantity computations, including a copy of grade calculations, cross- sections plots, and computer print outs in an approved format. Submit 2 copies of grade sheets. Submit a horizontal and vertical control base map showi ng pri mary and secondary control points annotated with x, for Highway Construction Page 605 of 715 y, and z coordinate data. Plot the base map at a legible scale and update and resubmit as new control is added.
E.Cross -Sections. Develop cross -sections from field measurements taken at even 100- foot st ation intervals. Take cross- section measurements before and after excavation and before backfilling . When the centerline curve radius is less than or equal to 500 feet, take cross -sections at a maximum centerline spacing of 25 feet . When the centerline curve radius is greater than 500 feet, take cross -sections at a maximum spacing of 50 feet. Take additional cross- sections at breaks in terrain and at changes in typical sections. For each cross -section, m easure and record points at breaks in terrain, but at least every 10 feet, unless otherwise approved. Measure and record points to at least the anticipated slopes and reference locations. Reduce cross -section distances to horizontal distances from centerli ne. Take cross -sections at ri ght angles to tangents and normal to curves. Include in cross- sections grades , locations, and existing ground line profiles. Cross -sections may be developed from digital terrain models, provided the ground survey measurement s do not exceed 100 feet in any direction, major breaks in terrain are included, and the horizontal and vertical control for the work is used.
F.Length Verification. Field -verify lengths of pipe, pipe culvert , barrier , pipe siphon, and sign posts at an appropriate time and as specified in 106.02. Report final lengths to the Department and the Contractor for inclusion in record drawings as specified in 677.
G.Stak e Maintenance and Marking. Maintai n reference stakes , benchmarks, slope stakes, slope reference stakes, clearing limits, culvert reference stakes, grade stakes, curb, curb and gutter, radii, a nd other stakes necessary for the w ork until the construction has been accepted. Legibly mark survey stakes with station, elevation, and offset referenced to their respective control line. Renew illegible stakes at no additional cost to the Department. Mark slope, reference, and guard stakes with station.
H.Confidence Points. Confidence points are used to verify the accuracy of the natural ground DTM, to provide evidence just before construction to ensure the DTM is a reasonable representation of the origina l natural ground for computation of volumes and pay quantities and for any other application that fits the concept of confidence points.
1.Collect co nfidence points to validate and check the original ground DTM. Confidence point locations will follow these guidelines:
a.Be collected with survey -grade theodolite (total station) and/or survey -grade GPS.
b.Be randomly selected without regard f or the location of DTM points or triangles.
c.Be evenly distributed over the entire D TM are a to be validated.
d.Be proportionately distributed between confidence point classifications as applicable.
e.At a density sufficient to validate the surface:
1.Generally 10 per instrument location as used in collecting DTM data.
2.Ten (10) confidence point s for each roughly 1,500- foot strip. for Highway Construction Page 606 of 71 5 (3) Ten (10) confidence points within any roughly 800- foot radius.
4.In the case of data collected photogrammetrically, 2 percent of DTM points.
2.Generate a report showing the test results that include a status for each point indicating whether the DTM is within tolerance at that location, outside of tolerance, or exceeds that value by 3- times. Plot the locations of confidence points by type and result to support visual analysis of the results. Investigate all con fidence points that exceed the tolerance. Examine the area surrounding each failing confidence point and try to resolve the failure even if it pas ses the 3- times test. Employ techniques (e.g., drawing tight contours, rotating the vi ew, co nducting a drive- through or fly - through) as needed. Overlay the feature mapping with the triangles and look for features (e.g., ditch bottoms, edges of pavement, roadway crowns) that are not properly represented by the triangles. Try to identify triangulation errors (e.g., triangles crossing breaks in grade or extending across areas not intended for modeling). Densify or replace portions of the origi nal ground DTM where clusters of confidence points exceed tolerances. Look for patterns (e.g ., a distinct area with increased density of failures, repeating pockets of failing points). Look for any systematic error that these patterns may be suggesting.
3.Original Ground Confidence Point Vertical Tolerances Values.
675.03 1 – Original Ground Vertic al Tolerance Values
Type Surface Represented Feet Surfaced Paved or Concrete Surface ± 0.10 Graded Machine Graded and Compacted Surface ± 0.30 Natural Irregular Natural Ground ± 0.60 Rugge d Extremely Rugged & Rock Surface ± 1.50
4.Original Ground Acceptance Criteria.
a.Two-thirds of all errors fall within the confidence point error tolerances.
b.All of the errors fall within 3 -times of the respective tolerances.
5.Failing Resul ts. Remedy or justify every 3- times failure and accept up to one- third of the confidence points ex ceeding the respective tolerance values. Each digital terrain model used for detail design or for earthwork payment must have a passing confidence point analysis.
6.Confidence Point Documentation. Keep a record of all original confidence point observations as well as a record of the final confidence point analysis report showing the test results. Include an explanation for accepting 3- times failures.
7.Confidence Point Deliverables. Submit the following information for a topographic mapping survey :
a.Intelligent digital terrain model containing all the tied topographic features.
b.Confidence point report on the intelligent digital terrain model in a PDF.
c.Original notes taken in the field and 1 PDF of the original field notes.
d.Comma separated values format (CSV) file of all confidence points containing point number, project northing, project easting, elevation, point code, and description . for Highway Construction Page 607 of 71 5 I. Grade Verification Points. Grade verification points are to be collected such that they provide a reasonable record of the grade as constructed and are used to verify the accuracy of the constructed grades relative to the design. Provide grade verification point data in the approved coordinate file format to the Engineer for analysis. The Engineer may request additional grade verification points if quantity , distribution, or placement does not meet the criteria stated below. The Engineer may choose to collect additional grade verification points using Department personnel.
1.Collection of Grade Verification Points. Collect grade verification points with a t otal s tation. Alternative survey equipment may be used with approval. The Engineer may require validation of the accuracy of the selected collection method. If hubs/stakes are used to control the grade for construction , grade verification points will not be taken within 5 feet from any grade control hub/stake.
2.Grades Outside the Subgrade Area. Measure and record grade verification points upon completion of trimmed and finished areas outside of the subgr ade area (e.g., ditches, waterway channel s, roadbed side slopes, embankment areas). Location and spacing of these grade verification points will provide a reasonable record of the constructed roadbed side slopes and ditches and placed at a nominal rate of 1 grade verification point for every 3,000 square feet of roadbed side slopes and ditches.
3.Grades Within the Subgrade Area. Measure and record grade verification points upon completion of the subgrade and each cour se and before the placement of the next course. Location and spacing of these grade verification points will be to provide a reasonable record of the grade as constructed and placed at a nominal rate of 1 grade verifi cation point for every 1,500 square feet of grade.
4.Construction Tolerances. In constructing the work, the Contractor will meet the appropriate construction tolerances for the material as specified in the contract, regardless of any surveying or staking tolerances specific to the work i tem.
a.Areas with Specified Tolerance Values. In constructing the work, meet the given tolerances below or as approved. Table 675.03- 2 – Construction Tolerances Material / Location Tolerance Subgrade / Section 200 ± 0.10 FT Aggregate / Section 300 ± 0.08 FT
b.Areas without Specified Tolerance Values. For areas outside of the subgrade area (e.g., ditches, side slopes, detention ponds) with a tolerance specified as “line and grade,” “line, grade, and cross -section,” or no defined numeric tolerance given, the Engineer will hold work to a tolerance based on the design requirements, material size, construction method, or other facto rs as determined by the Engineer. The Engineer will use the verification point data to evaluate the grade using any industry -standard technique or method and will provide acceptance or rejection of the grade before the end of the f irst full business day for Highway Construction Page 608 of 71 5 following receipt of the grade verification point data. Do not begin placement of the next course until the Engineer has accepted the grade and approval is given to proceed.
J.Centerline Reestablishm ent. If needed or requested by the Engineer, reestablish centerline, from instrument control points, at even 100- foot station intervals. The maximum spacing between centerline points is 25 feet when centerline curve radius is less than or equal to 500 feet. Whe n the centerline curve radius is greater than 500 feet, the maximum distance between centerline points is 50 feet. Reestablish centerline as many t imes as necessary to construct the work. Points (horizontal and vertical) to be reestablished include, but are not limited to:
1.Point of curvature.
2.Point on curve.
3.Point of tangency.
4.Point on tangent.
5.Reference point.
K.Control Points. Relocate initial horizontal and vertical control points in conflict with construction to areas not to be disturbed by cons tructi on operations. Furnish the coordinates and elevations, as specified in 675.03.C, for the relocated points before the initial points are disturbed. Set additional control outside limits of construction, suitable for use during machine control operations, as necessary.
L.Establish and Check Benchmarks. Protect benchmarks during the work. Check benchmarks to ensure specified tolerances are met before use. Benchmarks must allow a level rod to stand vertically and squarely on the mark and will be referenced t o centerline and horizontal measurements. Include any benchmarks established in control base map as specified in 675.03.C.
M.Establish Alignment Points. Establish alignment points at horizontal and vertical points of curvature, points of tan gency, and stations on the alignment spaced within 50 feet at significant breaks in the ground, at drainage structure locations, and at approaches. Mark stakes on the side facing the initial station.
N.Survey Tolerances. Survey and establish controls within the following tolerances:
675.03 3 – Survey Tolerances
Description Horizontal Vertical Control (absolute position, independent of provided control) +/- 0.03 FT +/- 0.03 FT Cont rol (relative to nearest provided control) +/- 0.01 FT +/- 0.01 FT Centerline points including offsets +/- 0.05 FT — Cross -sections, slope stakes, and references +/- 0.30 FT +/- 0.05 FT for Highway Construction Page 609 of 71 5 Description Horizontal Vertical Walks and bike paths +/- 0.03 FT +/- 0.02 FT Curb and gutter +/- 0.02 FT +/- 0.01 FT Culverts, ditches and minor drainage structures +/- 0.10 FT +/- 0.03 FT Walls (e.g., retaining, MSE, sound) +/- 0.10 FT +/- 0.05 FT Bridge substructure +/- 0.02 FT +/- 0.02 FT Bridge superstructure components +/- 0.02 FT +/- 0.02 FT Clearing and grubbing limits +/- 1.0 FT — Right of way limits +/- 0.10 FT — Roadway subgrade finish stakes +/- 0.20 FT +/- 0.05 FT Roadway finish grade stakes +/- 0.10 FT +/- 0.02 FT Paving reference line +/- 0.04 FT +/- 0.02 FT At the pre- survey conference, coordinate with the Engineer to determine the survey tolerances f or items not listed above.
O.Clearing and Right of Way Limits. Stake clearing limits on both sides of centerline at each established station. Locate the clearing limit on the ground as specified. Stake right of way limits every 100 feet on tangents , ever y 50 feet on curves, and at right of way breaks.
P.Slope Stakes and References. Slope stakes and stakes for setting other items will have reference stakes. Maintain the reference stakes until approved f or rem oval. Establish and set slope stakes and references on both sides of centerline at cross - section locations, at terrain breaks, and changes in typical sections. Establish slope stakes in the field at the actual point of intersection of the design slope with the natural ground line. Record the following information on the slope stake: cut or fill from catch to subgrade shoulder, distance to subgrade shoulder, distance to centerline, and design slope (e.g., 4H:1V). Set slope stake references outside the clear ing limits. Include slope stake information on the reference stakes, including the horizontal and vertical distance from the reference stake to the catch (slope stake). Record the station on the back side of the slope and reference stakes. Record the actual as staked (three dimensional ) position of the slope and reference stakes. Prepare field notes showing slope stake and reference information, and provide to the Engineer. Direct staking of the theoretical (computer -generated) slope stake catch point requi res prior approval. If an automated slope staking routine is intended to be used, the system will be able to perform the proper super -elevation, lane transitions, and benching, as well as duplicate other details in the design surface. The system wil l reco rd field modifications made to the final catch slopes. Any modifications will be recorded and provided to the Engineer and the Contractor and included on the record drawings as specified in 677. for Highway Construction Page 610 of 715 Q. Grade Finishing Stakes . For grade elevations and horizontal alig nment, set grade- finishing stakes on centerline, at the edge of each travel lane, on each shoulder at roadway cross -section locations, at each grade break line, and between centerline and shoulder with m aximum spacing not to exceed t he width of the grading equipment. Set stakes at the top of subgrade and the top of each aggregate course . For turnouts, set stakes on centerline, each n ormal shoulder, and the turnout shoulder. In parking areas, set hubs at the center and along the edges of the parking area. Set stakes in ditches to be paved. The maximum spacing between rows of stakes is 50 feet. Use brushes or guar d stak es at each stake. Reset grade finishing stakes as many times as necessary to construct the subgrade and each aggregate course . Special situations or conditions may require tighter spacing of grade stakes to ensur e grade and alignment as directed.
R.Stockpile Sites. Perform the work necessary for the initial layout and measurement of the stockpile site by one of the following methods:
1.Cross -Section Method. Establish a ref erence baseline, project site l imits, and clearing limits. Survey and record original ground cross -sections before placement of stockpile material. Take cross- sections at maximum 25- foot intervals, grade breaks in the existing ground, a nd at locations anticipated to be grade breaks in the completed stockpile. Survey and record final cross -sections after completion of the stockpile. Take cross -sections at all previous locations plus any additional locations necess ary to accurately reflect size and shape of stockpile.
2.Digital Terrain Model (DTM) Method. Establish instrument control stations, project site limits, and clearing limits. Survey and record original natural ground measurements. Use the proper placement of breaklines and regular terrain points. Record at least 10 confidence points on original ground per stockpile surveyed. Verify instrument setup by recording elevation and backsight checks. Survey and record the stockpile surface measurements. Use the proper placement of breaklines and regular terrain points. Record at least 10 confidence points on stockpile surface per stockpile surveyed. Verify instr ument setup by recording elevation and backsight checks when using a t otal station or heights of the base and rover antenna before and at the end of the session when using survey- grade GPS systems.
S.Structure and Process Specific Requirement s.
1.Concrete Paving. Unless the Contractor uses automatic machine control systems, concrete paving requires stringline on each side of the screed for each placement . Set stringline control with vertical and hori zontal cont rol po ints as needed, but placed in at least 50- foot intervals. Set stringline on both sides of the roadway. Profile surface at each edge of placement and adjust grades for smoothness as approved. Check pavement thickness every 25 feet and adjust as needed. Stake concrete joint locations. If automatic machine control systems are use d by the Contractor for concrete paving, then the Department, the Contractor, and the PLS will discuss and agr ee upon the methodologies needed to meet specifications. for Highway Construction Page 611 of 71 5 2. Drainage Structures . Stake drainage structures to fit field conditions as approved. The location may differ from the plans. Perform the following:
a.Survey and record the ground profile along centerline of structure.
b.Determine the slope catch points at inlets and outlets.
c.Set reference points and record information necessary to determine structure length and end treatments.
d.Stake ditches or g rade to make the structure functional.
e.Plot the profile along centerline of the structure to show the natural ground, the flowline, the roadway section, and the structure.
f.Before installation, submit the plotted field- design, profile cross -section, final structure length, and alignment.
g.Mark guard stakes with the following, when applicable:
1.Diameter, length, and type of culvert (e.g., 18 inch diameter by 36- foot long corrugated metal pipe).
2.The vertical and horizontal distance from the hub to the invert at the end of the culvert or any intermediate point as needed or as directed.
3.Flowline grade of the pipe.
4.Pipe camber .
5.Station.
6.Elevation.
h.Provi de a r eference at a maximum spacing of 50 feet for storm sewers and waterlines, and reference pipe inverts at manholes.
3.Bridges. Set horizontal and vertical control and reference points for bridge substructure and superstructure components. Es tablis h, reference, and submit the following:
a.Bridge chord or the bridge tangent.
b.Abutments and bridge piers.
c.Elevations for footings, pile cutoffs, pile layouts, pier caps, bridge seats, bridge beam profiles, and screed elevations.
d.Cross -sections, structu re exc avation sections.
e.Deck grades and profile.
f.Bridge approach grades and profile. Set intermediate slope stakes at bridge abutments t o esta blish transitions. Place finish grade stakes on the centerline of abutment bearing and at the top of slope of bridge berms. Place finish grade stakes on each side at top, mid- point of slope, and toe of bridge berm. For PPC deck overlay s, survey the bridge deck and approach slabs along profile grade line, along edges of deck, along curb flow lines , and along lane lines. Collect survey information including for Highway Construction Page 612 of 71 5 stations, offse ts, an d elevations at 1/10 point intervals along each span of the bridge and ends of approach slabs. Collect survey information for the following steps: before grinding, after grinding (before overlay surface preparation begins ), and after overlay placement . Provide survey information to verify cross -slope and profile grade to the Engineer for acceptance . Do not begin next step until survey for the previous step has been accept ed.
4.Box Culverts. Set horizontal and vertical control and reference points. Establish and reference the centerline, back of parapet, and the skew and flowline elevations at inlet, outlet, and breaks.
5.Paving Near Bridges and Box Culverts. All paving within 250 feet of a bridge or box culvert requires stringline grade control. Set grade finishing stakes for grade elevations and horizontal alignment: on centerline, the center of each travel lane, on each shoulder at roadway cr oss-section locations, and between centerline and shoulder with a maximum spacing of 15 feet. Set stringline control with vertical and horizontal control points as needed, but placed at no more than a maximum of 10- foot. As a minimum, set stringline grade control on both sides of the roadway and at centerline. Before paving, profile each stringline at each edge of placement and adjust grades for smoothness as approved.
6.Retaining Walls. Survey and recor d profile measurements along the face of the proposed wall and 5 feet in front of the wall face. For each cross -section, measure and record points every 15 feet and at major breaks in terrain. Set adequate references and horizontal and vertical control poi nts.
7.Borrow Sites. Perform the work essential for initial layout and measurement of the borrow site. Establish a referenced baseline, project site limits, and clearing limits. Survey and record initial and final cross -sections and calculate and submit end area volume quantities .
8.Curb and Gutter. Set curb and gutter staking at 25- foot intervals on tangent and 10- foot intervals on curve radii. Set line and grade for curb and gutter to the nearest 0.01 foot of the proposed or established grade line. Set radius points.
9.Guardrail . Stake barrier vertical and horizontal control at a maximum spacing of 25 feet on tangent sections and 10 feet on curved sec tions unless otherwise approved.
10.Scales. Perform the initial level check of scales and subsequent level checks weekly. Document the level checks and submit the documentation.
675.04 Method of Measurement
Survey will be measured on a lump sum basis based on a percent complete as determined in consultation with the Engineer and the Contractor. Full payment will not be made on the survey contract pay item until all survey submittals are received and accepted. Directed surveying will be measured and paid by force account as specified in 109.03.C.5. Only authorized hours documented in the diary will be paid.
675.05 Basis of Payment .
Payment for accepted work will be m ade as follows: Pay Item Pay Unit Survey .................................................................................................... LS for Highway Construction Page 613 of 71 5 Directed Surveying ................................................................................. CA for Highway Construction Page 614 of 71 5 SECTION 676 – RECORD AND REESTABLISH PAVEMENT MARKINGS
676.01 Description.
Record existing pavement markings to sufficiently reestablish them in the same location, type, and form after they are covered or removed by the work.
676.02 Materials.
Not specified.
676.03 Construction Requirements.
Before removing or modifying pavement markings, do the following:
1.Propose a method for rec ording existing pavement markings that is accurate to within 2 inches of the original location.
2.Reco rd existing pavement markings.
3.Submit documentation of existing pavement markings through a diagram and/or vide o.
4.Receive approval to remove pavement markings. To reestablish pavement mark ings, place reference markings on each lane line at no greater than 100 foot intervals on tangent sections and no greater than 50 foot intervals on curves and tapers. Reestablish pavement markings, including broken and dotted line patterns, as shown on the pavement markings standard drawing. Accurately reestablish no- passing zones. Mark the approximate center of word, arrow, symbol, or other markin gs. Placement of pavement markings is not included in this item.
676.04 Method of Measurement.
The Engineer will measure acceptably completed work by the foot , square foot, or lump sum .
676.05 Basis of Payment .
Payment for accepted work will be made as follows: Pay Item Pay Unit Record and Reestablish Pavement Markings ......................................... FT, SF, L S Reference marking materials and other items needed to accomplish the work are incidental.
Source: Idaho Standard Specifications for Highway Construction, 2023 Edition. Pages 637–649 of 768.