533.01 Description.
b.Payment will be made under Item No .: 532-A ___ inch {mm} * Slotted Drain Pipe ( ** ) - per linear foot {meter} * Specify " Corrugated Steel", "Concrete", "( Specify the Special Design )", etc., only if applicable. ** Specify "With Variabl e Height Grate", etc., if applicable. STORM SEWERS
533.01 Description.
This Section shall cover the work of furnishing and constructing storm sewers of the kind, strength, and size pipe provided in the proposal, in accor dance with the requirements of these specifications and installing such sewers at the locations shown on the plans or designated and in conformity with established lines and grades. These items shall also include the furnishing and construction of such joi nts, necessary cutting and connections to other pipe, catch basins, endwalls, etc., as may be required to complete the work shown on the plans or directed.
533.02 Materials.
a.General. Materials furnished for use shall conform to the appropriate provisio ns of Division 800, Materials, with specific reference made to Section 854.
b.Abbreviations: Concrete Pipe P.C. for plain concrete
R.C. for reinforced concrete Corrugated Metal C.M. for any acceptable corrugated metal pipe covered by these specifications Protective Coating C. for any protective coating of metal pipe allowed by these specifications Paved Invert P.I. Corrugated Steel C.S. for Plain Corrugated Steel
C.C.S. for Coated Corrugated Steel
C.C.S.P.I. for Coated C.S. Paved Invert Corrugated Aluminum C.A. for Plain Corrugated Aluminum
C.C.A. for Coated C.A.
C.C.A.P.I. for Coated C.A. Paved Invert Smooth Lined S.L. for Smooth Lined
C.S.L.C.M. for Coated, Smooth Lined Corrugated Metal
C.S.L.C.S. for Coated, Smooth Lined Corrugated Steel
C.S.L.C.A. for Coated, Smooth Lined Corrugated Aluminum Smooth Flow S.F. for Smooth Flow
C.S.F.C.M. for Coated, Smooth Flow Corrugated Metal
C.S.F.C.S. for Coated, Smooth Flow Corrugated Steel
C.S.F.C.A. for Coated, Smooth Flow Corrugated Aluminum Concrete Lined C.L.
C.C.L.C.S. for Coated C.L. Corrugated Steel Vitrified Clay V.C. for Vitrified Clay High Density Polyethylene HDPE for High Density Polyethylene High Performance Polypropylene PP for High Performance Polypropylene
c.Optional Types of Pipes Provided a specific type of pipe is not specified by the plans or proposal, the Contractor will be permitted to install any of the optional types of pipe herein. Substitutions will only be allowed with hydraulica lly equivalent pipes. The hydraulic equivalence of optional types of pipes will be shown on the plans. Optional types of pipe shall meet the following criteria:
533.03 Construction Requirements.
Diameters less than or equal to 24 inches {600 mm} - P.C.; V.C.; Class 1 C.S.L.C.M.; 16 gage {1.6 mm} C.S.F.C.M.; 16 gage {1.6 mm} C.C.L.C.S., P.V.C.; or HDPE. Diameters greater than24 inches {600 mm} - Class 2 R.C.; Class 2 C.S.L.C.M.; 14 gage {2.0 mm}
C.S.F.C.M.; 14 gage {2.0 mm} C.C.L.C.S.; P.V.C. or HDPE, or PP (HDPE and PP up to 36 inches {900 mm} diameter) with a minimum of 24 inches {600 mm} of cover, and a maximum of 25 feet {7.5 m} fill height . Any storm sewer pipe to be placed under a roadway or subject to continuous traffic shall be not less than a Class 3 R.C., or equivalent strengt h C.S.L.C.M., C.S.F.C.M., or
C.C.L.C.S. Pipe. The fill height charts on the plans for roadway pipe shall be used to determine strengths or equivalent strengths for storm sewer pipe. All smooth flow pipe 48 inches {1200 mm} or larger in diameter shall be sh op elongated. The Contractor may furnish a higher grade pipe than those specified above or, with written approval, a cast iron or ductile iron pipe meeting the appropriate requirements of Section 854, provided no additional cost is incurred by the Departme nt for such substitution. Any installation, once started, shall be completed using the same type of pipe unless specifically designated otherwise by plan details or requested and approved in writing.
533.03 Construction Requirements.
a.General Methods. Pipe shall not be laid except in the presence of the Engineer or Inspector and shall not be covered until approved. Any sewer line placed under a roadway or subject to continuous traffic shall be placed in accordance with the appropriate provisions of Artic le 530.03.
b.Excavation and Foundation.
1.Excavation. The trench shall be excavated beginning at the outlet end and proceeding upgrade, true to the established line and grade. Tunneling will not be permitted unless authorized in writing. The removal of trees or other obstructions encountered necessary for the construction of the work shall be done by the Contractor without extra compensation. Trenches shall be properly sheeted and braced wherever needed. Unless otherwise directed, the trench s hall be of the size, within the limits, provided by Subarticle 214.04(a).
2.Foundation. If deemed necessary, foundation backfill as provided by Article 214.02 shall be used. The foundation in the trench shall be so formed and treated as to prevent subsequ ent settlement. If the foundation is in rock, foundation backfill consisting of a 12 inch {300 mm} cushion of well compacted sand, fine gravel, slag, broken stone, or other approved material shall be placed upon the rock. If the excavation has been made deeper than necessary, proper bearing shall be secured by means of a layer of fine gravel, or other suitable material. In all cases recesses shall be formed to receive the bell or hub, so that the full length of the pipe barrel will rest on the trench bottom .
c.Laying Pipe.
1.General. The laying of pipes in finished trenches shall be started at the outlet end and proceed upgrade so that the spigot or groove ends point in the direction of flow. All pipes shall be laid with ends abutting and with not more th an 1 inch {25 mm} variation from established alignment at the vertical centerline or from grade at the flow line. The bottom of the trench shall be shaped accurately to the outside surface of the pipe for a depth at least 0.10 times the outside diameter. P ipes shall be fitted and matched so that when laid in the work they will form a sewer with a smooth, uniform invert. Hubs or bells shall be carefully cleaned before pipes are lowered into the trenches. Pipe shall be so lowered as to avoid damage and unnecessary handling in the trench.
2.Sealing Joints. Unless otherwise directed, all joints shall be sealed as specified in Item 530.03(d)3 for the entire circumference of the pipe. PVC pipe joints may be thermally fused if installed according to the pipe manuf acturer’s recommendations. Trenches shall be kept free from water until mortar in the joints and masonry has hardened. Walking or working on or over the completed pipe line, except such as is necessary for tamping or backfilling, will not be permitted unti l at least 3 feet {1 m} of backfill is in place over the pipe.
533.04 Method of Measurement.
d.Backfilling.
1.Material. All trenches and excavations shall be backfilled with approved natural soil or, if directed or provided by the plans, with foundation backfill material after the s ewer pipe is laid therein, unless otherwise specified.
2.Methods. Backfilling shall not begin until mortar joints have cured or until backfilling is authorized by the Engineer. The material shall be carefully deposited simultaneously on both sides of the pipe in uniform layers not to exceed 6 inches {150 mm} in compacted thickness, solidly tamped or rammed with proper tools so as not to injure or disturb the pipe. If stone, gravel, or slag is provided or specified as backfilling, the sewer pipe shall be co vered with clean gravel or broken stone or slag placed around and above it to a height of not less than 4 inches {100 mm} above the upper surface of the pipe. The remainder of the trench shall then be backfilled with the excavated material. The Contractor shall restore all roadways or crossings, which are disturbed by the placing of sewers, to their original condition and shall replace all surface material and all paving, macadam, sidewalk, sod, or other surface disturbed, furnishing all the new material ne cessary without extra compensation, except as herein provided. Whenever excavation is made for installing sewer pipe across private property, the topsoil disturbed by excavation operations shall be replaced as nearly as possible in its original position. Bedding, placing, and backfilling of storm sewers within roadway limits shall be as provided in Section 530, using the type and strength of pipe specified on the plans.
3.Compaction and Density. Compaction and density requirements shall meet that specified by Article 530.03. Ramming of material over, around, and to within 1 foot {300 mm} above the top of the sewer shall be done by careful use of approved mechanical tampers.
4.Clean Up. After completing the backfill, the Contractor shall immediately remove all surplus material, dirt, rubbish, and all tools and other equipment or material, leaving the entire site and the whole area involved in the construction operations in a neat and presentable condition. All pipe lines shall be thoroughly cleaned out prior to final acceptance.
e.Testing For Excessive Deformation in P.V.C., HDPE, and PP Pipe.
P.V.C. HDPE, and PP pipe shall be tested for excessive deformation. The test shall be performed by the Contractor in the presence of the Engineer. Testing shall be co nducted no fewer than 30 days after the completion of the compaction of all fill over the pipe. The Contractor shall conduct the test by pulling a nine point mandrel through the entire length of the pipe by hand. The mandrel shall meet the following requir ements: - It shall be made of steel or aluminum; - It shall have an effective diameter of 95 % of the nominal inside diameter of the pipe; - It shall be at least as long as the diameter of the pipe; - It shall be fitted with pulling rings at each end; - It shall be stamped or engraved on some segment other than a runner with the pipe size and mandrel outside diameter. Prior to testing, the Contractor shall provide the Engineer with a proving ring to verify the mandrel size. The deformation is unacceptably ex cessive if the mandrel cannot be pulled through the pipe by hand without damaging the pipe. If the deformation is unacceptably excessive, the pipe shall be replaced without extra compensation. There will be no direct payment for testing.
533.04 Method of Measurement.
Storm sewer pipe, excavation, and foundation backfill will each be measured in the same manner as specified in Article 530.04.
534.04 Method of Measurement.
533.05 Basis of Payment.
a.General. The accepted length of a storm sewer pipe, measured as specified above, will be paid for at the respective contract unit price for the sizes and types of pipe provided in the proposal, complete in place, which shall be payment in full for all materials, equipment, labor, and incidentals necessary to complete the work, except that ex cavation and backfill will be paid for as provided in Section 214.
b.Payment Will Be Made Under Item No.: 533-A ___ inch {mm} Storm Sewer Pipe ( * ) - per linear foot {meter} 533-B ___ inch {mm} Span, ___ inch {mm} Rise Storm Sewer Pipe ( * ) - per lin ear foot {meter} * Show specific type, if required. Example: P.C. or V.C., or Class ____ R.C., or Class ____
C.S.L.C.S., or Class ____ C.S.L.C.A., C.S.F.C.S., C.S.F.C.A., or C.C.L.C.S. SECTION 534 CLEANING EXISTING DRAINAGE STRUCTURES
534.01 Description.
This Section shall cover the work of cleaning existing drainage structures including all types of pipes, reinforced box culverts, underdrain outlets and other drainage structures shown on the plans.
534.02 Material s.
There will be no material requirements other than the hardware cloth for the rodent screens on underdrain outlets shown on the plans.
534.03 Construction Requirements.
Pipes, box culverts, catch basins, manholes, drop inlets, pipe underdrain outlets and other drainage structures shown on the plans shall be cleaned of all dirt, leaves, limbs, roots, grass, sludge, grease, trash and other debris. Obstructions within a 5 foot distance outside of the inlet and outlet ends of the drainage structures shall also be removed as a part of cleaning the structures. All materials removed during cleaning shall be disposed off of the right -of-way in accordance with the requirements for disposal given in Section 206. The Contractor shall implement the "Best Management Practices" (BMP's) noted in Section 107 for the control of sediment that will be removed during the cleaning. The Contractor shall perform the work so that there is always adequate drainage of the roadway at all times. The Contractor shall repair all damage to drainage structures that result from cleaning methods and procedures that are used without consideration for the protection of the drainage system. The Engineer will not allow the use of any cleaning method or equi pment that may result in damage to the structure or damage to the areas adjacent to the structure. Rodent screens shall be fabricated and installed as shown on the plans or as directed by the Engineer.
534.04 Method of Measurement.
The cleaning of existi ng pipes, box culverts, catch basins, manholes, drop inlets, pipe underdrain outlets and other drainage structures will be measured per each drainage structure or per foot along the length of the drainage structure. Measurement will be made only once for each item cleaned unless severe conditions result in the need for repeated cleaning and the repeated cleaning is not caused by the activities of the Contractor. All recleaning due to the activities of the Contractor shall be done at no additional cost to th e Department. Pipes, culverts and other drainage structures measured for cleaning along the length of the structure will be classified for payment based on the horizontal opening of the drainage structure. The diameter of round pipe and the span of "span a nd rise" pipe will be shown as a horizontal opening classification for payment. Each pipe will be measured separately for payment regardless of the number of pipes adjacent to each other at one location.
Source: Alabama Standard Specifications for Highway Construction, 2022 Edition. Pages 413–415 of 934.