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structures. All plates shall be placed in the order recommended by the manufacturer with joints staggered so that not more than three plates come together at any one point. All bolts shall be drawn tight before beginning the backfill and shall have not less than 200 nor more than 300 foot-pounds {270 nor more than 400 N•m} of torque in their final tightening for steel plate or not less than 100 nor more than 150 foot-pounds {135 nor more than 200 N•m} for aluminum plates.

This work shall be performed as specified in Section 530.

All structural plate pipes of 60 inches {1500 mm} or larger diameter shall be shop-elongated or field strutted as shown on the plans. Strutting shall be accomplished prior to placing any embankment adjacent to the structure. Strutting will not be required where required elongation has been fabricated into the plates at the factory. Elongation or strutting of plate arch pipe will not be required. Elongated pipe shall be installed with the longer axis vertical.

531.04Method of Measurement

Corrugated metal structure plate pipe, arch pipe, and arch culverts, structure excavation, and foundation backfill will each be measured in the same manner as specified in Article 530.04.

531.05Basis of Payment

The length, determined as above described, will be paid for at the contract unit prices per meter for corrugated structural plate pipe, arch pipe, or arch culverts of the several sizes, as the case may be, which prices and payments shall constitute full compensation for furnishing, handling, erecting, installing, and backfilling the pipe or arches, and for all materials, labor, equipment, tools, and incidentals necessary to complete this item, but will not constitute payment for any concrete, masonry, steel reinforcement, or excavation.

531-A ___ inch {mm}, ___ inch {mm} Plate B.C. If Applicable Corrugated Steel or Aluminum P.I. If Applicable Structural Plate Pipe - per linear foot {meter} 531-B ___ inch {mm} Span, ___ inch {mm} Rise, ___ inch {mm} Plate B.C. If Applicable Corrugated Steel or Aluminum P.I. If Applicable Structural Plate Arch Pipe - per linear foot {meter} 531-C ___ inch {mm} Span, ___ inch {mm} Rise, ___ inch {mm} Plate B.C. If Applicable Corrugated Steel or Aluminum Structural Plate Arch - per linear foot {meter} SLOTTED DRAINS

532.01Description

This Section shall cover the work of furnishing and installing a slotted drain which provides a drainage slot along the longitudinal section of the drain. This drainage slot shall be formed by either the angle slot design or the grate slot design as shown by plan details. Unless the plans or proposal designates which design to use or requires a special design, the Contractor shall have the option to select either design, but once selected, the same design shall be used throughout the project. When required by the plans, the Contractor shall furnish and install a specified special design slotted drain. Also when required by the plans, the Contractor shall furnish and install a special design slotted drain which provides a variable height drainage slot along the longitudinal section of the drain.

532.02Materials

The materials for the slotted drain shall meet the requirements shown on Special Drawing – Details of Corrugated Slotted Drain Pipe 12”-36” Diameter and the requirements given in this Section. The Department has established a list of products approved for use. These products can be found on List II-16, SLOTTED DRAIN PIPE, of the Department's manual, "Materials, Sources, and Devices With Special Acceptance Requirements" (available from the Bureau of Materials and Tests). The Contractor may choose from any of these products, unless otherwise noted. Backfill material shall be Class A concrete meeting the requirements of Section 501. Job Control test cylinders will not be required for this concrete. STORM SEWERS 411

532.03Construction Requirements

Connections to existing structures may require the use of a transitional fitting and/or section(s) of pipe to provide a suitable connection without damage to the grates or drains, etc. of the structures.

When the drain or pipe begins or terminates without a connection to other pipes or drainage structures, the pipe end shall be sealed or plugged with a suitable cap as shown on plan details, properly connected to provide a waterproof connection.

This type pipe is designed to be placed with the slotted drain at or near the pavement, shoulder, or median surface. The general construction requirements of Article 530.03 are applicable except as modified by the following:  Excavation shall be kept as nearly as possible to the minimum width, depth, and length shown on the plans.  The pipe shall be supported or held in place in such a manner as to permit flow of the concrete backfill material around the pipe.  The drainage slot shall be protected during installation by a removable wood strip, heavy duty tape, or other suitable material adequately performing the intended function, affixed to the slot to prevent infiltration of material into the pipe. After finishing the surface, the protective covering shall be removed.  Under no circumstances shall any portion of the slot extend above the paving material or curb and gutter section. Joints for corrugated steel slotted drain pipe shall be made using approved connecting bands meeting the requirements of Subarticle 850.02(d).

532.04Method of Measurement

The accepted length of slotted drain laid as ordered will be measured in linear feet along the bottom flowline, or invert, of the slotted drain complete in place. Connections to other structures (i.e. elbows, pipe, joints, etc.) will not be measured for payment unless shown otherwise on the plans. Excavation and backfill will not be measured for payment.

532.05Basis of Payment

Slotted Drain, measured as noted above, will be paid for at the contract unit price bid complete in place, which shall be full compensation for fabricating, furnishing and installing a slotted drain meeting the requirements noted herein and the details shown on the plans (this includes a variable height grate or special design drain when required), for furnishing and installing connections to other structures (when required), for all excavation, backfill, satisfactory disposal of surplus materials, and for all equipment, tools, labor, and incidentals necessary to complete the work.

532-A ___ inch {mm} * Slotted Drain Pipe ( ** ) - per linear foot {meter} * Specify " Corrugated Steel", "Concrete", "(Specify the Special Design)", etc., only if applicable. ** Specify "With Variable Height Grate", etc., if applicable. STORM SEWERS

533.01Description

This Section shall cover the work of furnishing and constructing storm sewers of the kind, strength, and size pipe provided in the proposal, in accordance with the requirements of these specifications and installing such sewers at the locations shown on the plans or designated and in conformity with established lines and grades. These items shall also include the furnishing and construction of such joints, STORM SEWERS 412

necessary cutting and connections to other pipe, catch basins, endwalls, etc., as may be required to complete the work shown on the plans or directed.

533.02Materials

Materials furnished for use shall conform to the appropriate provisions of Division 800, Materials, with specific reference made to Section 854.

Concrete Pipe P.C. for plain concrete R.C. for reinforced concrete Corrugated Metal C.M. for any acceptable corrugated metal pipe covered by these specifications Protective Coating C. for any protective coating of metal pipe allowed by these specifications Paved Invert P.I. Corrugated Steel C.S. for Plain Corrugated Steel C.C.S. for Coated Corrugated Steel C.C.S.P.I. for Coated C.S. Paved Invert Corrugated Aluminum C.A. for Plain Corrugated Aluminum C.C.A. for Coated C.A. C.C.A.P.I. for Coated C.A. Paved Invert Smooth Lined S.L. for Smooth Lined C.S.L.C.M. for Coated, Smooth Lined Corrugated Metal C.S.L.C.S. for Coated, Smooth Lined Corrugated Steel C.S.L.C.A. for Coated, Smooth Lined Corrugated Aluminum Smooth Flow S.F. for Smooth Flow C.S.F.C.M. for Coated, Smooth Flow Corrugated Metal C.S.F.C.S. for Coated, Smooth Flow Corrugated Steel C.S.F.C.A. for Coated, Smooth Flow Corrugated Aluminum Concrete Lined C.L. C.C.L.C.S. for Coated C.L. Corrugated Steel Vitrified Clay V.C. for Vitrified Clay High Density Polyethylene HDPE for High Density Polyethylene High Performance Polypropylene PP for High Performance Polypropylene

Provided a specific type of pipe is not specified by the plans or proposal, the Contractor will be permitted to install any of the optional types of pipe herein. Substitutions will only be allowed with hydraulically equivalent pipes. The hydraulic equivalence of optional types of pipes will be shown on the plans. Optional types of pipe shall meet the following criteria:  Diameters less than or equal to 24 inches {600 mm} - P.C.; V.C.; Class 1 C.S.L.C.M.; 16 gage {1.6 mm} C.S.F.C.M.; 16 gage {1.6 mm} C.C.L.C.S., P.V.C.; or HDPE.  Diameters greater than24 inches {600 mm} -Class 2 R.C.; Class 2 C.S.L.C.M.; 14 gage {2.0 mm} C.S.F.C.M.; 14 gage {2.0 mm} C.C.L.C.S.; P.V.C. or HDPE, or PP (HDPE and PP up to 36 inches {900 mm} diameter) with a minimum of 24 inches {600 mm} of cover, and a maximum of 25 feet {7.5 m} fill height . Any storm sewer pipe to be placed under a roadway or subject to continuous traffic shall be not less than a Class 3 R.C., or equivalent strength C.S.L.C.M., C.S.F.C.M., or C.C.L.C.S. Pipe. The fill height charts on the plans for roadway pipe shall be used to determine strengths or equivalent strengths for storm sewer pipe.  All smooth flow pipe 48 inches {1200 mm} or larger in diameter shall be shop elongated. The Contractor may furnish a higher grade pipe than those specified above or, with written approval, a cast iron or ductile iron pipe meeting the appropriate requirements of Section 854, provided no additional cost is incurred by the Department for such substitution. Any installation, once started, shall be completed using the same type of pipe unless specifically designated otherwise by plan details or requested and approved in writing. STORM SEWERS 413

533.03Construction Requirements

Pipe shall not be laid except in the presence of the Engineer or Inspector and shall not be covered until approved. Any sewer line placed under a roadway or subject to continuous traffic shall be placed in accordance with the appropriate provisions of Article 530.03.

The trench shall be excavated beginning at the outlet end and proceeding upgrade, true to the established line and grade. Tunneling will not be permitted unless authorized in writing. The removal of trees or other obstructions encountered necessary for the construction of the work shall be done by the Contractor without extra compensation. Trenches shall be properly sheeted and braced wherever needed. Unless otherwise directed, the trench shall be of the size, within the limits, provided by Subarticle 214.04(a).

If deemed necessary, foundation backfill as provided by Article 214.02 shall be used. The foundation in the trench shall be so formed and treated as to prevent subsequent settlement. If the foundation is in rock, foundation backfill consisting of a 12 inch {300 mm} cushion of well compacted sand, fine gravel, slag, broken stone, or other approved material shall be placed upon the rock. If the excavation has been made deeper than necessary, proper bearing shall be secured by means of a layer of fine gravel, or other suitable material. In all cases recesses shall be formed to receive the bell or hub, so that the full length of the pipe barrel will rest on the trench bottom.

The laying of pipes in finished trenches shall be started at the outlet end and proceed upgrade so that the spigot or groove ends point in the direction of flow. All pipes shall be laid with ends abutting and with not more than 1 inch {25 mm} variation from established alignment at the vertical centerline or from grade at the flow line. The bottom of the trench shall be shaped accurately to the outside surface of the pipe for a depth at least 0.10 times the outside diameter. Pipes shall be fitted and matched so that when laid in the work they will form a sewer with a smooth, uniform invert. Hubs or bells shall be carefully cleaned before pipes are lowered into the trenches. Pipe shall be so lowered as to avoid damage and unnecessary handling in the trench.

Unless otherwise directed, all joints shall be sealed as specified in Item 530.03(d)3 for the entire circumference of the pipe. PVC pipe joints may be thermally fused if installed according to the pipe manufacturer’s recommendations. Trenches shall be kept free from water until mortar in the joints and masonry has hardened. Walking or working on or over the completed pipe line, except such as is necessary for tamping or backfilling, will not be permitted until at least 3 feet {1 m} of backfill is in place over the pipe.

All trenches and excavations shall be backfilled with approved natural soil or, if directed or provided by the plans, with foundation backfill material after the sewer pipe is laid therein, unless otherwise specified.

Backfilling shall not begin until mortar joints have cured or until backfilling is authorized by the Engineer. The material shall be carefully deposited simultaneously on both sides of the pipe in uniform layers not to exceed 6 inches {150 mm} in compacted thickness, solidly tamped or rammed with proper tools so as not to injure or disturb the pipe. If stone, gravel, or slag is provided or specified as backfilling, the sewer pipe shall be covered with clean gravel or broken stone or slag placed around and above it to a height of not less than 4 inches {100 mm} above the upper surface of the pipe. The remainder of the trench shall then be backfilled with the excavated material. The Contractor shall restore all roadways or crossings, which are disturbed by the placing of sewers, to their original condition and shall replace all surface material and all paving, macadam, sidewalk, sod, or other surface disturbed, furnishing all the new material necessary STORM SEWERS 414

without extra compensation, except as herein provided. Whenever excavation is made for installing sewer pipe across private property, the topsoil disturbed by excavation operations shall be replaced as nearly as possible in its original position. Bedding, placing, and backfilling of storm sewers within roadway limits shall be as provided in

Compaction and density requirements shall meet that specified by Article 530.03. Ramming of material over, around, and to within 1 foot {300 mm} above the top of the sewer shall be done by careful use of approved mechanical tampers.

After completing the backfill, the Contractor shall immediately remove all surplus material, dirt, rubbish, and all tools and other equipment or material, leaving the entire site and the whole area involved in the construction operations in a neat and presentable condition. All pipe lines shall be thoroughly cleaned out prior to final acceptance.

P.V.C. HDPE, and PP pipe shall be tested for excessive deformation. The test shall be performed by the Contractor in the presence of the Engineer. Testing shall be conducted no fewer than 30 days after the completion of the compaction of all fill over the pipe. The Contractor shall conduct the test by pulling a nine point mandrel through the entire length of the pipe by hand. The mandrel shall meet the following requirements:  It shall be made of steel or aluminum;  It shall have an effective diameter of 95 % of the nominal inside diameter of the pipe;  It shall be at least as long as the diameter of the pipe;  It shall be fitted with pulling rings at each end;  It shall be stamped or engraved on some segment other than a runner with the pipe size and mandrel outside diameter. Prior to testing, the Contractor shall provide the Engineer with a proving ring to verify the mandrel size. The deformation is unacceptably excessive if the mandrel cannot be pulled through the pipe by hand without damaging the pipe. If the deformation is unacceptably excessive, the pipe shall be replaced without extra compensation. There will be no direct payment for testing.

533.04Method of Measurement

Storm sewer pipe, excavation, and foundation backfill will each be measured in the same manner as specified in Article 530.04.

533.05Basis of Payment

The accepted length of a storm sewer pipe, measured as specified above, will be paid for at the respective contract unit price for the sizes and types of pipe provided in the proposal, complete in place, which shall be payment in full for all materials, equipment, labor, and incidentals necessary to complete the work, except that excavation and backfill will be paid for as provided in Section 214.

533-A ___ inch {mm} Storm Sewer Pipe ( * ) - per linear foot {meter} 533-B ___ inch {mm} Span, ___ inch {mm} Rise Storm Sewer Pipe ( * ) - per linear foot {meter} * Show specific type, if required. Example: P.C. or V.C., or Class ____ R.C., or Class ____ C.S.L.C.S., or Class ____ C.S.L.C.A., C.S.F.C.S., C.S.F.C.A., or C.C.L.C.S.