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General Provisions (00100-00999)

207and the Standard Construction Details. Class C bedding is to be used in accordance

DE · 2025 Standard SpecificationsBook pages 173–179View official source ↗

PIPE CULVERTS SECTION 601 163 DIVISION 600 — STRUCTURES

601.1Description.

This work consists of providing and placing pipe culverts, flared end sections, and connections to existing drainage inlets and manholes.

601.2Materials.

A.Reinforced Concrete Pipe Section 1031

B.Thermoplastic Pipe Section 1031

C.Flared End Section Section 1031

D.GABC Section 1005

E.PCC, Class A , B, or C Section 1022

F.Chemical Sealing Section 1047 .5

G.Mortar Section 1047.6

H.Liquid Membrane -Forming Compounds for Curing Section 1045.7

601.3Construction.

601.3.1 Preconstruction Inspection. The Department will review all existing pipes for use in the final drainage system and will discuss the system condition with the contractor before starting construction. 601.3.2 Excavation and Pipe Bedding.

A.Excavate the pipe trench and place bedding within the template of the item in accordance with

Section 207 and the Standard Construction Details. Class C bedding is to be used in accordance with the Standard Construction Details unless specified otherwise. When Class A bedding is specified, cure PCC with materials in accordance with Section 1022.6 . Remove unsuitable material encountered below the proposed pipe bedding and replace as directed by the engineer in accordance with Section 207.

B.When the contract calls for placing pipe in an embankment or fill area that has not been fully

constructed, create a fill area for the pipe a minimum width of 2 pipe diameters on each side of the pipe and 18 -inches over the top of the pipe. If the embankment finished elevation is less than 18-inches above the pipe, build the fill to the finished elevation. Once the fill area is created, trench for pipe placement. 601.3.3 Reinforced Concrete Pipe.

A.Joints

1.Before laying the pipe in the trench, attach the rubber gasket or joint sealant to the spigot end

of each pipe as follows:

PIPE CULVERTS SECTION 601 164 a. For bell and spigot pipe, use a rubber gasket in accordance with ASTM C443. Place the rubber gasket around the entire circumference of the spigot and set firmly against the offset step. Before installation, apply a lubricant specified by the gasket manu facturer.

b.For pipe manufactured with tongue and groove joints, use performed flexible bitumen or

butyl joint sealant in accordance with ASTM C990. Apply the sealant around the entire circu mference of the pipe tongue in a position that will ensure compression against the opposing pipe gro ove. Follow the sealant manufacturer’s recommendations when applying the sealant.

2.Control pipe handling, after affixing the gasket, to avoid bumping, displacing, or fouling the

gasket with dirt or other material. Remove disturbed gaskets and reposition if displaced or replace if damaged. Apply sufficient pressure when making the join t to ensure that the joint is tight.

B.Placing pipe

Lay pipe in an upgrade direction in accordance with the contract and the requirements of ASTM C1479. Lay the pipe with the lowest point of the inside diameter conforming to the flow line shown in the contract. Lay pipe with the bell ends facing up grade and with the spigot ends fully entered into each bell end.

C.Defects

1.The engineer will reject pipe pre -installation for any of the following reasons:

a.An illegible brand;

b.spalls; and

c.cracks greater than 0.01 -inch in width extending 12 -inches or greater regardless of position in

the pipe wall or is continuous through the wall of the pipe and in accordance with AASHTO M207 or M170.

2.The engineer will determine the need for remediation or replacement for pipe post -installation

for any of the following reasons:

a.Vertical or horizontal misalignment;

b.spalls;

c.slabbing meaning large slabs of concrete peeling away from the sides with a straightening of

the reinforcement;

d.cracks greater than 0.01 -inch in width extending 12 -inches or greater regardless of position;

e.cracks greater than 0.1 -inch in width and in accordance with AASHTO M207 or M170;

f.differential joint movement;

g.improper gasket or joint sealant placement;

h.joint leakage;

i.settlement; and

j.joint separations greater than manufacturer’s recommendation or as follows, whichever is

less: PIPE CULVERTS SECTION 601 165 i. 12 to 36 inch diameter 0.75 inch ii. 42 inch and larger diameter 1.25 inch iii. All elliptical pipe 1.50 inch 601.3.4 Thermoplastic Pipe.

A.Joints.

1.For typeS pipes, use gasketed watertight bell and spigot in accordance with ASTM D3212.

2.For type C pipe, use bell and spigot joints in accordance with ASTM D3212. For split -collar

couplings, engage at least 2 full corrugations on each pipe section. Use screw -on collars at least 1/2 the nominal diameter of the pipe wide.

B.Placing pipe.

Lay pipe in an upgrade direction in accordance with the contract and the requirements of ASTM D2321. Lay the pipe with the lowest point of the inside diameter conforming to the flow line shown in the contract. Lay the pipe with the bell ends facing upgrade and with the spigot ends fully entered into each bell end.

C.Defects.

1.The engineer will reject pipe pre -installation for any of the following reasons:

a.Illegible brand;

b.unpigmented or non -uniformly pigmented pipe; and

c.cracking or tearing.

2.The engineer will determine remedial or replacement for pipe post -installation for any of the

following reasons:

a.pipe deflection greater than 5 percent or the manufacturer’s recommendation, whichever is

less;

b.vertical or horizontal joint misalignment;

c.connections with a gap exceeding 3/16 -inch;

d.cracking or tearing;

e.creases; and

f.joint separations greater than the manufacturer’s recommendation or 1 -inch, whichever is

less. 601.3.5 Flared End Section.

A.Excavate within the template of the item in accordance with Section 207 and the Standard

Construction Details.

B.Remove unsuitable material when encountered and replace with approved material.

C.Compact the foundation.

D.Place GABC to the required thickness in accordance with Section 301.

PIPE CULVERTS SECTION 601 166 E. Pour concrete cutoff wall in accordance with the Standard Construction Details and cure PCC with materials in accordance with Section 1022.6 .

F.Install flared end sections in accordance with Sections 601.3.2, 601.3.3, or the manufacturer’s

recommendations. 601.3.6 Backfill .

A.Backfill pipe in accordance with Section 207. Where heavy construction equipment will travel over

the pipe, place a minimum of 4 -feet of cover over the pipe. When placing multiple pipes side by side, provide a minimum of 18 -inches between the pipes.

B.Use existing material for backfill if it meets the requirements of Section 1001, Borrow Type C. If

existing material does not meet the requirements of Section 1001, Borrow Type C, provide Borrow Type C in accordance with Section 20 7. Compact the material to a minimum of 95 percent of the maximum density, in accordance with Section 202.3.9. Backfill pipe trenches outside the roadway with material conforming to the requirements of Section 1001, Borrow Type C to a height of 12 - inches above the top of the pi pe or in accordance with the contract. Use existing material for backfill above the 12 -inches if it meets the requirements of Section 1001, Borrow Type F. If existing material does not meet requirements of Section 1001, Borrow Type F, provide Borrow Type F in accordance with Section 209.

C.Place an initial backfill lift no more than 8 -inches thick of loose material and no higher than the

spring line of the pipe. Ensure that backfill material fills the space under the haunches of the pipe by knifing with a shovel or blade. Place a maximum of 8 -inches of loose material for each of the following lifts.

D.When specified by the contract, use flowable backfill material.

1.Provide a trench that measures 6 -inches from the trench wall to outside wall of the pipe on both

sides of the pipe. When placing multiple pipes side by side, provide a minimum of 6 -inches between the pipes.

2.Place flowable fill equally to both sides of the pipe. Ensure that the fill on 1 side of the pipe does

not exceed the height of the fill on the other side by more than 12 -inches. 601.3.7 Cleaning Pipe.

A.Submit the source for the cleaning water to the engineer for approval. Use only water that is safe

for all downstream environments.

B.Remove and dispose of material removed during the pipe cleaning operation at a site approved by

the engineer in accordance with Section 106.8.

C.Clean all new pipe culverts and all existing pipe culverts as designated in the contract without

damaging the pipe, pipe joints, or connecting structures by flushing with high pressure water. Using equipment that complies with the manufacturer’s recommendations for the pipe size, expose all inside surfaces and joints to the satisfaction of the engineer . If these methods do not adequately clean the pipe after 3 passes, the engineer may direct the contractor to use other procedures covered by heavy pipe cl eaning or other items of work.

1.New pipe culvert shall be cleaned prior to post installation inspection. Provide adequate

cleaning that allows for an unobstructed view of all joints and for accurate defect measurement.

2.Clean existing pipe culverts designated to be cleaned to the satisfaction of the engineer.

PIPE CULVERTS SECTION 601 167 D. Heavy Pipe Cleaning. Submit methods for heavy pipe cleaning to the engineer for approval before beginning work. 601.3.8 Post Installation Inspection.

A.The Department will video, deflection test, or manually inspect repaired, lined, or new pipes 48 -

inches in diameter or less no sooner than 30 -days after placement or before placement of the final lift of hot mix.

B.The Department will manually inspect pipes 48 -inches in diameter or larger.

C.Clean pipe before video or manual inspection.

D.Provide traffic control during pipe inspection as needed.

E.The Department will conduct inspections of pipes placed under paved areas, or areas planned for

paving, before placement of the final layer of roadway pavement material.

F.Defects determined by the engineer to require remedial work will require submittal and approval

of the repair. 601.3.9 Personnel Safety Grate for Pipe Inlet

A.Prepare and submit working drawings in accordance with Section 105.4.

B.Construct personnel safety grates for pipe inlets in accordance with the Standard Construction

Details.

601.4Method of Measurement.

A.The Department will measure :

1.Pipe culverts as linear feet for each type of pipe placed and accepted, measured from end to

end. The measurement will include the portion of the pipe in the structure wall to the inside face of the structure. The Department will not consider the linear footage of pipe to include beyond the inside face of the structure wall nor flared end sections.

2.Flared end sections as each accepted and placed.

3.Cleaning of existing drainage pipe as linear feet cleaned and accepted , measured from end to

end.

4.Heavy pipe cleaning as the number of hours the contractor actively engages in heavy pipe

cleaning work.

5.Personnel safety grate for pipe inlet as the number of each installed and accepted.

601.5Basis of Payment.

A.The Department will pay the quantity of:

1.Pipe culverts at the contract unit price per linear foot. Price and payment will constitute full

compensation for:

a.Shoring;

b.removal and disposal of existing materials;

c.bedding preparations;

PIPE CULVERTS SECTION 601 168 d. Supplying, placing, and curing PCC;

e.providing and placing materials;

f.compaction;

g.forms and forming;

h.placing bedding;

i.removing surplus materials;

j.cleaning in accordance with Section 601.3.7 and maintenance of traffic to support the pipe

video inspection; and

k.removing and replacing damaged pipe.

2.Flared end sections at the contract unit price per each. Price and payment will constitute full

compensation for:

a.Shoring;

b.removal and disposal of existing materials;

c.bedding and foundation preparation;

d.providing and placing materials;

e.compaction;

f.forms and forming;

g.supplying, placing, finishing, and curing PCC;

h.mortar;

i.removing surplus materials; and

j.removing and replacing damaged pipe.

3.Pipe cleaned at the contract unit price per linear foot. Price and payment will constitute full

compensation for providing equipment and water, cleaning the pipe, and disposing of removed material.

4.Heavy pipe cleaning at the contract unit price per hour. Price and payment will constitute full

compensation for providing equipment and water, cleaning the pipe, and disposing of removed material.

5.Personnel safety grate for pipe inlet at the contract unit price per each. Price and payment

constitute full compensation for:

a.preparing submittals and working drawings;

b.providing and placing all materials;

c.fabricating;

d.disposal;

e.pad lock;

f.bar reinforcement; and

PIPE CULVERTS SECTION 601 169 g. coatings.

B.The Department will pay for:

1.Excavation and embankment outside the template of the item in accordance with Section 202 at

the direction of the engineer or contract.

2.Pipe backfilling in accordance with Section 207.

3.Pipe excavation in accordance with Section 207.

4.Extra depth excavation in accordance with Section 207.

5.Providing structural backfill in accordance with Section 207 .

6.Providing flowable fill in accordance with Section 208.

7.Providing borrow in accordance with Section 209.

ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT 601000 CLEANING DRAINAGE PIPE, 12" -24" DIAMETER LF 601001 CLEANING DRAINAGE PIPE, GREATER THAN 24" DIAMETER LF 601002 HEAVY CLEANING OF DRAINAGE PIPE HOUR 601010 REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE, 12", CLASS III LF 601011 REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE, 15", CLASS III LF 601012 REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE, 18", CLASS III LF 601013 REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE, 21", CLASS III LF 601014 REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE, 24", CLASS III LF 601015 REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE, 27", CLASS III LF 601016 REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE, 30", CLASS III LF 601017 REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE, 33", CLASS III LF 601018 REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE, 36", CLASS III LF 601019 REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE, 42", CLASS III LF 601020 REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE, 48", CLASS III LF 601021 REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE, 54", CLASS III LF 601022 REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE, 60", CLASS III LF 601023 REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE, 66", CLASS III LF 601024 REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE, 72", CLASS III LF 601025 REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE, 78", CLASS III LF 601026 REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE, 84", CLASS III LF 601027 REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE, 90", CLASS III LF 601028 REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE, 96", CLASS III LF 601029 REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE, 102", CLASS III LF 601030 REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE, 108”, CLASS III LF 601031 REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE, 12", CLASS IV LF 601032 REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE, 15", CLASS IV LF

Source: Delaware Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2025 Edition. Pages 173–179 of 779.

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601 — PIPE CULVERTS

60100 0 CLEANING DRAINAGE PIPE, 12" -24" DIAMETER LF