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604.1Description.
This work consists of constructing and removing temporary facilities used to perform the work.
604.2Materials.
A.Sheet Piles Section 1032
B.Steel Section 1039
C.Timber Section 1041
D.Form Oil Section 1049
604.3Construction.
604.3.1 Submittals.
A.Prepare and submit working drawings for the temporary works at least 30 calendar days in
advance of beginning the work, in accordance with Section 105.4. Include materials list, fabrication and erection details, jacking support plan, design calculations, and supporting data in sufficient detail to allow a structural review of the proposed design of a temporary work. Use a registered Delaware professional engineer to design and seal drawings and calculations for the temporary works in accordance with AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, the Guide Design Specifications for Bridge Temporary Works, or to other design requirements in accordance with the contract.
B.Submit working drawings for form liners indicating the layout of panels, details of all surface and
joint patterns, and details for wrapping the form liner around corners in accordance with Section
604.3.3Submit a form liner sample
C.Unless otherwise noted in the contract, the minimum clearance over roadways, including the
traveled way and the shoulder, is as follows:
1.14 1/2-feet for interstates and other controlled access highways.
2.14-feet for all other roadways.
The Department will not allow any part of the temporary works system to encroach on clearance restrictions over the roadway and shoulders.
D.Start fabrication or construction only after approval of the working drawings. Construct temporary
works in conformance with the approved working drawings. 604.3.2 Falsework and Formwork.
A.Provide rigid and strong falsework and forms to safely support the imposed loads. Set and hold
forms true to the dimensions, lines, and grades of the structure before and during concrete placement.
1.Construct falsework and set grades that allow for settlement and deflection. Provide the vertical
alignment and camber indicated for the permanent structure. Allow for minor adjustments during concrete or structural steel placement. Attach an approved indicator to the forms to
detect settlement, movement, or deflection in the falsework. Provide for accurate measurement of falsework settlement during concrete placement and curing.
2.For concrete surfaces exposed to view, provide formwork that will produce a smooth surface of
uniform texture. Use rigid forms to ensure a concrete surface tolerance of less than 1/8-inch in 5-feet when checked with a 5-foot straightedge or template. Fillet sharp corners with 3/4-inch chamfer strips. Bevel or chamfer at projections, such as copings, to ensure easy removal.
3.Support falsework or formwork for deck slabs on girder bridges directly on the girders. Brace
and tie girders to resist forces that could cause rotation or torsion in the girders. Do not weld falsework support brackets or braces to structural steel members or reinforcing steel unless specified in the contract or allowed by the engineer.
4.Do not brace concrete forms against a cofferdam or shoring unless approved by the engineer.
5.In narrow walls and columns, where the bottom of the form is inaccessible, provide an access
opening in the forms for cleaning immediately before placing the concrete. For thin wall construction, daylight forms at intervals no greater than 10-feet vertically to permit free access to the forms for working, vibrating the concrete, and inspection.
6.For roadways remaining open to traffic during construction, provide 5-feet of horizontal
clearance between the falsework and the traveled way.
B.Accessories.
1.Treat forms with form oil or other approved release agent before placing reinforcing steel.
2.Mechanically fasten embedded accessories to the formwork.
3.Construct metal ties or anchorages within the forms capable of removal to a depth of at least 1-
inch below the concrete surface. If the contract specifies epoxy-coated reinforcing steel, use embedded ties, anchorages, or spreaders of corrosion-resistant material or coated with a dielectric material. Design fittings for metal ties to minimize the size of the cavities remaining after removal.
4.Remove wood blocks and bracing within the forms. Do not leave any portion of the wood forms
in the concrete.
5.Clean forms, inspect for damage, and, if necessary, repair before reuse.
C.Design and fabricate cardboard tubes for placement in forms to produce voids in concrete slabs
and box beams. Fabricate the tubes with waterproof outside layers. Protect tubes from the weather. Place tubes using methods that prevent distortion or damage before concrete placement. Cover the ends of tube forms with mortar-tight and waterproof caps to prevent concrete from entering the tubes during concrete placement. Use a pre-molded rubber joint filler, 1/4-inch thick, around the perimeter of the caps to allow for expansion. Provide a PVC vent tube at the location indicated in the contract, to provide drainage from the voids. Trim the vent tubes to within 5/8-inch of the bottom surface of the finished concrete after removing the exterior form. Anchor or tie tube forms to prevent displacement of the tubes during concrete placement. The contractor may use styrofoam blocks instead of cardboard tubes provided they are anchored to prevent displacement during pouring.
D.Falsework or Form Removal.
1.After placing concrete, maintain falsework or forms as required in Table 610.3-3.
2.When removing falsework and forms:
a.Do not damage the concrete surface.
b.Allow the structure to uniformly and gradually take the stresses resulting from the dead load.
3.Remove falsework and forms, except as noted below.
a.When removal would damage completed structures, cut off portions of temporary piles or
sheet piles as follows:
i.12-inches or more below subgrade within roadbeds.
ii. 24-inches below the original ground or finished grade outside of roadbeds and 24-inches below the established limits of any navigation channel.
b.Footing forms if removal endangers the safety of cofferdams or other work.
c.Forms from inaccessible enclosed cells.
d.Deck forms in the cells of box girder bridges that do not interfere with the future installation
of utilities shown in the contract. 604.3.3 Form Liners.
A.Liners.
1.Provide liners that:
a.Will produce the finish details specified in the contract;
b.are reusable and made of high strength urethane;
c.capable of withstanding anticipated pour pressures without leakage causing physical or visual
defects and that do not compress more than 1/4-inch when poured vertically at a rate of 10 feet per hour;
d.attach easily to the formwork system and are removable without causing concrete surface
damage or weakness in the substrate; and
e.capable of assembling into varying pattern configurations.
B.Patterns and Joints.
1.Use a random form liner panel layout that does not repeat the same pattern on adjacent panels
or on a series of panels.
2.Stagger panel joints so that long continuous horizontal or vertical lines do not appear in the
finished concrete surface. Offset horizontal joints between adjacent vertical stacks of form liner panels.
3.Blend butt joints between form panels into the approved pattern and the final finished concrete
surface. Avoid creating visible vertical or horizontal seams or conspicuous form marks within the finished concrete surface.
4.Use form liners capable of continuing patterns around corners.
C.Sample Panels and Test Sections.
1.When called for in the contract, construct sample panels to demonstrate the form liner
patterns. Locate the sample panel as close as practicable to the structure for use as a basis of comparison to the work constructed on the finished structure.
2.When not using sample panels, the engineer will choose a portion of the finished structure as a
test section.
3.Once the engineer approves the sample panel or test section, continue with construction of the
proposed structural elements using form liners.
4.Remove rejected sample panels or test sections. Re-construct new sample panels or test
sections until the engineer approves an acceptable unit.
D.Construction.
1.Attach form liners to the formwork system in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations and with less than a 1/4-inch seam.
2.Before each pour, clean form liners and inspect each liner for blemishes and tears. Repair in
accordance with the manufacturer's recommendation.
3.Use form stripping methods, form oil, or release agents compatible with the surface finish and
application of the aesthetic stain.
4.Construct proposed structural elements using form liners to produce the same texture, pattern,
and joint size as the approved sample panel or test section.
5.Repair damage created by form liner removal using patching material that matches the texture
and color of the surrounding concrete. 604.3.4 Jacking Bridge.
A.Construct jacks in accordance with the approved jacking support plan and:
1.Ensure jacks used for jacking operations show the rate capacity on the manufacturer's name
plate attached to each jack.
2.Use the shielded metal-arc process for all field welding. Weld in accordance with Section 615.
The engineer may waive the radiographic and ultrasonic inspection requirements if the welds appear satisfactory after a visual inspection.
B.Thoroughly clean areas under the jacks to provide a flat, clean jacking surface.
C.Adhere to the following requirements and restrictions during the jacking sequences:
1.The engineer, or a representative, will inspect and approve jacking operations and will check all
contract dimensions and requirements before allowing jacking operations to start.
2.If using jacks with a higher capacity than those listed in the contract, monitor the jack load to
ensure the safety of the structure.
3.Equip the jack system with a gauge to read the jacking force in pounds or kips or equip the
system with a chart that allows conversion of the dial reading into pounds.
4.Do not exceed the maximum jacking forces shown in the contract.
5.Do not use the jack hydraulics to support the load after jacking. Transfer all loads to the jacking
supports after jacking.
6.Repair areas of the existing structure damaged during the jacking operation in accordance with
A.Provide and erect a shield under the work area to protect vehicular, railway, and pedestrian traffic
against damage from falling demolition or construction debris.
B.Extend the protective shield a minimum of 5-feet beyond all sides of a full depth concrete deck
removal process, unless otherwise noted in the contract. Supplement the shields with additional enclosures of tarpaulins or wire mesh, as necessary, to ensure against materials, tools, equipment, and other objects dropping below the level of the shield. Ensure that the floor and sides of the shield have no cracks or openings through which material particles may fall. Install all connections of the protective structures to the steel work of existing bridge by means of clamps or other approved devices. Do not drill holes in, or weld anything to, the existing steel.
C.Do not use the shield for storing or stockpiling construction materials.
D.Remove broken concrete and other debris promptly so that material does not accumulate on the
shield.
E.Remove and dispose of the protective shield after the engineer’s approval.
604.3.6 Cofferdams.
A.Construct cofferdams in accordance with the approved working drawings to protect new concrete
against flooding damage during the concrete curing period. Provide a cofferdam to obtain, as nearly as possible, a water-free work area large enough to allow for a sump and for form inspection.
B.Remove cofferdams, including all sheeting and bracing, after completing the substructure work.
Portions of cofferdams may remain in place in accordance with Section 604.3.2.D when approved by the engineer. 604.3.7 Shoring.
A.Construct shoring in accordance with the approved working drawings to stabilize phased
construction activities. Provide rigid and strong shoring to safely support the imposed loads and allow for construction activities adjacent to facilities remaining in service, as required in the contract.
B.Remove shoring when no longer needed.
C.Portions of shoring may remain in place in accordance with Section 604.3.2.D when approved by
the engineer. 604.3.8 Wetland Access.
A.Temporary Matting.
Access wetlands and subaqueous lands using temporary matting to support equipment loads. Use timber or composite material for temporary mats. Use a matting system with interlocking panels to distribute loads and anchored to resist high water flows.
B.Tree Removal.
1.Clear only trees directly in conflict with the needed access. Flag these trees and obtain approval
from the engineer before beginning the clearing operation.
2.During tree removal, do not enter wetlands with earthmoving equipment. Remove felled trees
using a winch or other similar equipment.
3.Cut trees as close to the existing ground as possible without disturbing the root mat. Do not
perform stump removal. Do not grub in wetland areas.
C.Where shown in the contract, construct and maintain SCEs to access wetlands areas as follows:
1.Do not compact soils in wetland areas.
2.Place geotextile fabric on existing ground.
3.Place stone on the geotextile fabric to provide a stable surface. Ensure that the stone does not
extend beyond the edges of the geotextile fabric. Determine the thickness and type of stone capable of supporting the anticipated equipment.
D.After closing the wetland access, remove and dispose of all materials. Restore disturbed wetland
areas to their preconstruction condition. 604.3.9 Temporary Works Removal. Remove and retain or dispose of materials used for temporary works after completing the work. If construction of temporary works disturbed the area where the temporary works were placed, restore the area to its original or planned condition.
604.4Method of Measurement.
A.The Department will not measure quantities for bridge jacking, protective shields, cofferdams,
shoring, or wetland access.
B.The Department will measure the quantity of form liners by the square feet of concrete surface
area that the contractor used the form liners on. The Department will measure the approved sample panel as an additional concrete surface area.
604.5Basis of Payment.
A.The Department will consider the cost of falsework and formwork as incidental to the item
requiring the use of the temporary work.
B.Price and payment for form liners constitute full compensation for:
1.Submittals and working drawings;
2.providing form liners; and
3.installing and removing form liners within the formwork system.
C.Price and payment for jacking bridge constitute full compensation for:
1.Submittals and working drawings;
2.providing jacking supports;
3.hydraulic jacks; and
4.temporary blocking or shims.
D.Price and payment for protective shield constitute full compensation for:
1.Submittals and working drawings;
2.providing and placing all materials;
3.performing the work in accordance with the contract; and
4.removal and disposal of the protective shield materials.
E.Price and payment for cofferdams or shoring constitute full compensation for:
1.Submittals and working drawings;
2.providing and placing materials;
3.performing the work in accordance with the contract; and
4.cofferdam or shoring material removal and disposal.
F.If directed to leave cofferdam or shoring system or parts of the system in place, the Department
will pay the cost of the materials left in place.
G.If the work requires structural excavation, the Department will consider the cost of shoring used
to stabilize structural excavation as incidental to Section 207.
H.The Department will pay for items related to wetland access as follows:
1.Price and payment for temporary matting constitute full compensation for providing, placing,
maintaining, and removing temporary matting materials and for restoring the wetland access area to preconstruction conditions.
3.Seeding and stabilized construction entrances in accordance with Section 908.
ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT 604000 JACKING BRIDGE LS 604001 PROTECTIVE SHIELD LS 604002 COFFERDAMS LS 604003 SHORING LS 604004 WETLAND ACCESS LS 604005 FORM LINERS SF
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Source: Delaware Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2026 Edition. Pages 190–0 of 786. View official source ↗
Scoped to Delaware Standard Specifications for Road & Bridge Construction, Section 604 — TEMPORARY WORKS. Every answer cites the section it came from, with a verification date — don’t trust a percentage, click the citation.