402HMA PAVEMENT

402.01Description

This work shall consist of one or more courses of miscellaneous mixtures constructed in accordance with 105.03.

402.02Quality Control

The HMA shall be supplied from a certified HMA plant in accordance with ITM 583; Certified Hot Mix Asphalt Producer Program. The HMA shall be transported and placed according to a QCP prepared and submitted by the Contractor 10 in accordance with ITM 803, Contractor Quality Control Plans for Hot Mix Asphalt Pavements. The QCP shall be submitted to the Engineer at least 15 days prior to commencing HMA paving operations.

When a safety edge is required for a project, the QCP shall identify the devices in accordance with 409.03(c) to be used for constructing the safety edge.

MATERIALS

402.03Materials 20

Materials shall be in acco rdance with the following:

Asphalt Materials PG Binder ............................................................. 902.01(a) Base Mixtures – Class D or Higher Intermediate Mixtures – Class C or Higher Surface Mixtures* – Class B or Higher * Surface aggregate requirements are listed in 904.03(d). 30

402.04Design Mix Formula

A DMF shall be prepared in accordance with 401.04 and submitted in a format acceptable to the Engineer one week prior to use.

The DMF will be based on the ESAL and mixture designation as follows:

402.01

Mixture Type Type B* Type C Type D Design ESAL < 3,000,000 3,000,000 to < 10,000,000 • Surface 4.75 mm 4.75 mm 4.75 mm 9.5 mm 9.5 mm 9.5 mm 12.5 mm 12.5 mm 12.5 mm Surface – PG Binder 64-22 70-22 70-22 Intermediate 9.5 mm 9.5 mm 9.5 mm 12.5 mm 12.5 mm 12.5 mm 19.0 mm 19.0 mm 19.0 mm 25.0 mm 25.0 mm 25.0 mm Intermediate – PG Binder 64-22 64-22 70-22 Base 19.0 mm 19.0 mm 19.0 mm 25.0 mm 25.0 mm 25.0 mm Base – PG Binder 64-22 64-22 64-22 *A Type B mixture shall replace a Type A mixture.

A Type C mixture may be used in lieu of a Type B mixture. A Type D mixture may be used in lieu of a Type C or a Type B mixture.

Surface 4.75 mm mixtures shall not be us ed when the required lay rate shown on the plans is greater than 100 lb/sq yd. Surface 12.5 mm mixtures shall not be used when the required lay rate shown on the plans is less than 195 lb/sq yd.

The plant discharge temperature for any mixture shall not be more than 315°F whenever PG 64-22 or PG 70-22 binders are used. HMA may be produced using a water-injection foaming device. The DMF shall list the minimum and maximum plant 50 discharge temperatures as applicable to the mixture.

No mixture shall be used until the DMF has been assigned a mixture number by the DTE.

402.05Volumetric Mix Design

The DMF shall be determined for each mixture from a volumetric mix design in accordance with 401.05.

A DMF developed for a QC/QA HMA mixture may be used and the source or 60 grade of the binder may be changed. The high temperature grade shall meet the minimum requirements of 402.04.

The MAF equals the G mm from the mixture design divided by the following:

402.05

,IWKH0$)FDOFXODWLRQUHVXOWVLQDYDOXHZKHUH”0$)” WKHQWKH MAF shall be considered to be 1.000. If the MAF is greater than 1.020, the calculated 70 MAF value shall have 0.020 subtracted from the value. If the MAF is less than 0.980, the calculated MAF value shall have 0.020 added to the value.

402.06Blank

402.07Mix Criteria

Transverse rumble strip mixtures shall be Type B surface in accordance with

. An MAF in accordance with 402.05 w ill not apply. Aggregate requirements 80

of 904.03(d) do not apply.

The mixture shall consist of surface or in termediate mixtures in accordance with

. Aggregate requirements of 904.03(d) do not apply when the wedge and

leveling mixture is covered by a surface or intermediate mixture.

Temporary HMA mixtures shall be the type specified in accordance with 402.04. An MAF in accordance with 402.05 will not apply. 90

The mixture shall be HMA surface Type B in accordance with 402, except 402.05 shall not apply and RAP shall not be used. The binder content shall be 7.0% and the gradations shall meet the following:

HMA CURBING GRADATIONS Sieve Size Percent Passing 1/2 in. (12.5 mm) 100.0 3/8 in. (9.5 mm) 80.0 - 100.0 No. 4 (4.75 mm) 73.0 ±5.0 No. 30 (600 μm) 20.0 - 50.0 No. 200 (75 μm) 6.0 - 12.0

A DMF shall be prepared in accordance with the above table and submitted in a format acceptable to the Engineer one week prior to use. The DMF shall state the 100 binder content.

402.08Recycled Materials

Recycled materials shall be in accordance with 401.06, except Type B mixtures 402.06

shall correspond to category 2 mixtures, Type C mixtures shall correspond to category 3 mixtures, and Type D mixtures shall correspond to category 4 mixtures.

402.09Acceptance of Mixtures

A Type D certification in accordance wi th 916 and the Frequency Manual shall be provided for the HMA pavement. The test results shown on the certification shall 110 be the quality control tests representing the material supplied and include air voids and binder content. Air voids tolerance shall be ±2.0% and binder content tolerance shall be ±0.7% from DMF.

Single test values and averages will be reported to the nearest 0.1%. Rounding will be in accordance with 109.01(a).

Test results exceeding the tolerance limits will be considered as a failed material and adjudicated in accordance with 105.03.

CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

402.10General

Equipment for HMA operations shall be in accordance with 409. The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer prior to use a written Certificate of Compliance that the proposed paving equipment has been modified in accordance with 401.10 or is new and includes the modifications.

Fuel oil, kerosene, or solvents shall not be transported in open containers on any equipment at any time. Cleaning of equipment and tools shall not be performed on the 130 pavement or shoulder areas.

Segregation, flushing, or bleeding of HMA mixtures will not be allowed. Corrective action shall be taken to prevent continuation of these conditions. Areas of segregation, flushing, or bleeding shall be corrected, if directed. All areas showing an excess or deficiency of asphalt materials shall be removed and replaced.

All mixtures that become loose and broken, mixed with dirt, or defective in any way shall be removed and replaced.

Mixture shall not be dispatched from the plant that cannot be spread and compacted before sundown of that day, unless otherwise specified.

402.11Preparation of Surfaces to be Overlaid

The subgrade, or subbase, shall be shaped to the required grade and sections, free from all ruts, corrugations, or other irregularities, and uniformly compacted and approved in accordance with 207 and 302. M illing of an existing surface shall be in accordance with 306. Surfaces on which a mixture is placed shall be free from objectionable or foreign materials at the time of placement.

402.11

Rubblized concrete pavements shall be primed in accordance with 405. PCCP, milled asphalt surfaces, and asphalt surfaces shall be tacked in accordance with 406. Contact surfaces of curbing, gutters, manholes, and other structures shall be tacked in accordance with 406.

402.12Weather Limitations

HMA courses less than 110 lb/sq yd are to be placed when the ambient and surface temperatures are 60°F or above. HMA courses equal to or greater than 110 lb/sq yd but less than 220 lb/sq yd are to be placed when the ambient and surface temperatures are 45°F or above. HMA courses equal to or greater than 220 lb/sq yd and HMA 160 curbing are to be placed when the ambient and surface temperatures are 32°F or above. Mixture shall not be placed on a frozen subgrade. However, HMA courses may be placed at lower temperatures, provided the density of the HMA course is in accordance with 402.16.

All partially completed sections of roadway that are 8 in. or less in thickness shall be proofrolled prior to the placement of additional materials unless otherwise directed by the Engineer. Proofrolling shall be accomplished in accordance with 203.26. The contact pressure shall be 70 to 80 psi. Soft yielding areas shall be removed and replaced. 170

402.13Spreading and Finishing

The mixture shall be placed upon an approved surface by means of laydown equipment in accordance with 409.03(c). Prior to paving, both the planned quantity and lay rate shall be adjusted by multiplying by the MAF. When a mixture is produced from more than one DMF for a given pay item, the MAF will be applied to the applicable portion of the mixture for each . Mixtures in areas inaccessible to laydown equipment or mechanical devices may be placed by other methods.

The temperature of each mixture at the time of spreading shall be less than 315°F 180 whenever PG 64-22 or PG 70-22 binders are used. The temperature of each mixture at the time of spreading shall not be less than 245°F. No mixture shall be placed on a previously paved course that has not cooled to less than 175°F.

Planned HMA courses greater than 220 lb/sq yd placed under traffic shall be brought up even with each adjacent lane at the end of each work day. Planned HMA courses less than or equal to 220 lb/sq yd shall be brought forward concurrently, within practical limits, limiting the work in one lane to not more than one work day of production before moving back to bring forward the adjacent lane. Traffic shall not be allowed on open graded mixtures. 190

Hydraulic extensions on the paver will not be allowed for continuous paving operations. Fixed extensions or extendable screeds shall be used on courses greater than the nominal width of the paver except in areas where the paving widths vary. Hydraulic extensions may be used on approaches, tapers, and added lanes less than 250 ft in length. 402.12

HMA shoulders which are 8 ft or more in width shall be placed with automatic paving equipment.

HMA mixtures in hauling equipment shall be protected by tarps from adverse weather conditions or foreign materials. Adverse weather conditions include, but will not be limited to, precipitation or temperatures below 45°F.

The speed of the paver shall not exceed 50 ft per minute when spreading mixtures.

Automatic slope and grade controls sh all be required except when placing mixtures on roadway approaches which are less than 200 ft in length or on miscellaneous work. The use of automatic controls on other courses where use is impractical due to project conditions may be waived by the Engineer. 210

The finished thickness of each course sha ll be at least two times but not more than five times the maximum particle size as shown on the DMF. The finished thickness of wedge and level mixtures shall be at least 1 1/2 times but not more than six times the maximum particle size as shown on the DMF. Feathering may be less than the minimum thickness requirements.

Transverse rumble strips shall be placed to ensure uniformity of height, width, texture, and the required spacing between strips. A tack coat in accordance with 406 shall be applied on the pavement surface prior to placing the mixture. The tack coat 220 may be applied with a paint brush or other approved methods.

A safety edge shall be constructed at locations where an intermediate mixture or

a surface mixture is constructed adjacent to an aggregate or earth shoulder.

Vibratory rollers in accordance with 409.03(d)4 shall not be operated in vibratory

mode at locations indicated on the plans. Oscillatory rollers in accordance with

409.03(d)5 will be allowed for use but the vertical impact force capability shall not be

used. Density acceptance shall be in accordance with 402.15.

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402.14Joints

Longitudinal joints in the surface shall be at the lane lines of the pavement.

Longitudinal joints below the surface shall be offset from previously constructed joints

by approximately 6 in. and be located within 12 in. of the lane line.

Transverse joints shall be constructed by exposing a near vertical full depth face

of the previous course.

If constructed under traffic, temporary transverse joints shall be feathered to

provide a smooth transition to the driving surface.240

402.14

336

402.15Compaction

The HMA mixture shall be compacted with equipment in accordance with

(d) immediately after the mixture has been spread and finished. Rollers shall

not cause undue displacement, cracking, or shoving.

A roller application is defined as one pass of the roller over the entire mat.

Compaction operations shall be completed in accordance with one of the following

options.

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NUMBER OF ROLLER APPLICATIONS

Rollers

Courses

”OEVT\G > 440 lb/sq yd

Option

Option

Option

Option

Option

Option

Option

Three Wheel 2 4 4

Pneumatic Tire 2 4 4

Tandem 2 2 2 4

Vibratory 6 8

Oscillatory 6 - -

A reduced number of applications on a course may be approved if detrimental

results are being observed.

Compaction equipment shall be operated with the drive roll or wheels nearest the

paver and at speeds not to exceed 3 mph. However, vibratory rollers will be limited to

2.5 mph. Rolling shall be continued until applications are completed and all roller

marks are eliminated.

Compaction operations shall begin at the low side and proceed to the high side of260

the mat. The heaviest roller wheel shall overlap its previous pass by a minimum of 6

in.

Longitudinal joints shall be compacted in accordance with the following:

the compaction equipment shall be entirely on the hot mat 6 in.

from the confined edge.

6 in. beyond the edge of the hot mat.

All displacement of the HMA mixture shall be corrected at once using lutes or the

addition of fresh mixture as required. The line and grade of the edges of the HMA

mixture shall not be displaced during rolling.

402.15

337

The wheels of the compaction equipment shall be kept properly moistened with

water or water with detergent to prevent adhesion of the materials to the wheels.

Areas inaccessible to rollers shall be compacted thoroughly with hand tampers or280

other mechanical devices in accordance with 409.03(d)7 to achieve the required

compaction. A trench roller, in accordance with 409.03(d)6, may be used to obtain

compaction in depressed areas.

The final two roller applications shall be completed at the highest temperature

where the mixture does not exhibit any tenderness.

Vehicular traffic will not be allowed on a course until the mixture has cooled

sufficiently to prevent distortions.

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Transverse rumble strips shall be compacted with vibratory compacting

equipment in accordance with 409.03(d)7 unless otherwise stated.

402.16Low Temperature Compaction Requirements

Compaction for mixtures placed below the temperatures listed in 402.12 shall be

controlled by density determined from MSG of the plate samples and cores cut from

the compacted pavement placed during a low temperature period. Samples shall be

obtained in accordance with ITM 580. Acceptance will be based on a plate sample and

two cores. The Engineer will randomly select the locations in accordance with ITM

802. The transverse core location will be located so that the edge of the core will be300

no closer than 3 in. from a confined edge or 6 in. from a non-confined edge of the

course being placed.

For compaction of HMA during low temperature periods with quantities less than

100 t per day, acceptance may be visual.

The Contractor shall obtain cores in the presence of the Engineer with a device

that shall produce a uniform 6.00 ±0.25 in. diameter pavement sample. Coring shall

be completed prior to the random location being covered. The final HMA course shall

be cored within one work day of placement. Damaged cores shall be discarded and310

replaced with a core from a location selected by adding 1 ft to the longitudinal location

of the damaged core using the same transverse offset.

The Contractor and the Engineer shall mark the core to define the course to be

tested. If the core indicates a course thickness of less than two times the maximum

particle size, the core will be discarded and a core from a new random location will be

selected for testing.

The Engineer will take immediate possession of the cores. If the Engineer’s cores

are subsequently damaged, additional coring within a specific section will be the320

responsibility of the Department. Subsequent core locations will be determined by

subtracting 1 ft from the random location using the same transverse offset.

402.16

338

The density for the mixture shall be expressed as:

Density, % = BSG

MSG x 100

where:

BSG = average bulk specific gravity

MSG = maximum specific gravity

330

The Engineer will determine the bulk specific gravity of the cores in accordance

with AASHTO T 166, Method A or AASHTO T 331, if required. The maximum

specific gravity will be mass determined in water in accordance with AASHTO T 209.

Density shall not be less than 93.0%.

The Contractor shall refill the core holes in accordance with 401.16.

402.17Pavement Corrugations

Pavement corrugations shall be in accordance with 606.

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402.18Pavement Smoothness

Pavement smoothness will be in accordance with 401.18, except inertial profiler

requirements will not apply.

402.19Method of Measurement

HMA mixtures will be measured by the ton of the type specified in accordance

with 109.01(b). The measured quantity will be divided by the MAF to determine the

pay quantity.

HMA rumble strips will be measured by the linear foot of each transverse strip,350

complete in place.

Milled pavement corrugations will be measured in accordance with 606.02.

402.20Basis of Payment

The accepted quantities for this work will be paid for at the contract unit price per

ton for HMA, of the type specified, complete in place.

HMA transverse rumble strips will be paid for at the contract unit price per linear

foot, complete in place.360

Milled pavement corrugations will be paid for in accordance with 606.03.

Payment will be made under:

Pay Item Pay Unit Symbol

HMA Transverse Rumble Strips ............................................... LFT

HMA for Temporary Pavement, Type * ............................ TON

402.17

339

HMA Wedge and Level, Type * ........................................ TON370

* Mixture type

Preparation of surfaces to be overlaid shall be included in the cost of other pay

items in this section.

No payment will be made for additional anti-stripping additives.

The cost of removing and replacing soft yielding areas shall be included in the

cost of other pay items in this section.

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No payment will be made for coring operations and related traffic control

expenditures required in 402.16.

Corrections for pavement smoothness including removal and replacement of

pavement, shall be included in the cost of other pay items in this section.

The cost of removal of HMA for temporary pavement including the subgrade and

subbase materials shall be included in the cost of HMA for temporary pavement.

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