101DEFINITIONS OF TERMS

1-1 Division 1

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

101-1 General

Whenever the terms defined in this section are used in the contract, in any of the contract documents, or in the plans, the intended meaning of such terms shall be as defined in this section.

101-2 Abbreviations

AASHTO _____ American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ABC _________ Aggregate Base Course ACI __________ American Concrete Institute AFAD ________ Automated Flagger Assistance Device AISC _________ American Institute of Steel Construction AMS -STD -595_ Aerospace Material Specification Standard N umber 595 ANSI _________ American National Standards Institute APL _________ Approved Products List ASC _________ Approved Supplier Certification ASB _________ Aggregate Shoulder Borrow ASME ________ American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM ________ American Society for Testing and Materials AWG ________ American Wire Gauge AWS _________ American Welding Society AWWA _______ American Water Works Association AWPA _______ American Wood- Preservers ’ Association CAPWAP _____ CAse Pile Wave Analysis Program CFR _________ Code of Federal Regulations CIE __________ International Commission on Illumination CIP __________ Cast in Place CRSI _________ Concre te Reinforcing Steel Institute CS ___________ Corrugated Steel CSI __________ Cumulative Straightedge Index CSL __________ Crosshole Sonic Logging EIA/TIA ______ Electronics Industries Alliance/Telecommunications Industry Assoc iation ESAL ________ Equivalent Single Axle Load FHWA _______ Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation HDPE ________ High Density Polyethylene HMA _________ Hot Mix Asphalt ID ___________ Identification IES __________ Illuminating Engineering Society IRI ___________ International Roughness Index IMSA ________ International Municipal Signal Association JMF __________ Job Mix Formula LED _________ Light Emitting Diode LL ___________ Liquid Limit LLC _________ Limited Liability Company LRFD ________ Load and Resistance Factor Design MIL __________ Military Standard MRAS ________ Manufactured Waste Reclaimed Asphalt Shingles Sectio n 101

1-2 MRI __________M ean Roughness Index

MTV _________Material Transfer Vehicle MUTCD _______Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices and the North Carolina Supplement thereto NCAC ________North Carolina Administrative Code NCDE Q _______North Carolina Department of Environment al Quality NCDOT _______North Carolina Department of Transportation NCGS _________North Carolina General Statutes NEC __________National Electrical Code NEMA ________National Electrical Manufacturers Association NESC _________National Electrical Safety Code OGFC _________Open -Graded Friction Course OSHA ________Occupational Safety and Health Administration OTDR ________Optical Time Domain Reflectometer PPV __________Peak Particle Velocity PADC _________Permeable Asphalt Drainage Course PDA __________Pile Driver Analyzer PDF __________Portable Document Format PI ____________Plasticity Index (Material), Public Information Plan (Traffic Management) PIT ___________Pile Integr ity Testing POC __________Purchase Order Contract PMEM ________Polymer -Modified Emulsion Membrane PRAS _________Post Consumer Reclaimed Asphalt Shingles PVC __________Polyvinyl Chloride PVCO _________M olecularly Oriented Polyvin yl Chloride QA ___________Quality Assurance QC ___________Quality Control QMS _________Quality Management System QPL __________Qualified Products List RAP __________Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement RAS __________Reclaimed Asphalt Shingles RUS __________Rural Utilities Service SCM _________Supplementary Cementitious Material SCTE _________Society of Cable Telecommunications Engineers SDS __________Safety Data Sheet s SMFO ________Single Mode Fiber Optic (Cable or Connector) SSPC _________Society of Protective Coatings SWG _________Steel Wire Gauge STIP __________State Transportation Improvement Plan TMP __________Traffic Management Plan TO ___________Transp ortation Operations Plan TSR __________Tensile Strength Ratio TTC __________Temporary Traffic Control Plan TTF __________Temperature -Time Factor UBWC ________Ultra -thin Bonded Wearing Course UL ___________Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc. USACE _______U.S. Army Corp s of Engineers UST __________Underground Storage Tank UV ___________Ultraviolet VEP __________Value Engineering Proposal VMA _________Voids in Mineral Aggregate VTM _________Voids in Total Mix WBS _________Work Balance Sheet WTAT ________Wet Track Abrasion Test WMA _________Warm Mix Asphalt

1-3 Table 101-1

MEASUREMENT SYMBOLS Symbol Unit Name Symbol Unit Name " Inch, Inches lb Pound, Pounds % Percent lbf Pound(s) Force ± Plus or Minus nm Nanometer(s) ° Degree, Degrees mcd/lux/m2 Millicandellas per Lux per Square Meter > Greater Than mg-cm Milligram -Centimeter ≥ Greater Than or Equal to mg/sf Milligram per Square Foot < Less Than mm Millimeter, Millimeters ≤ Less Than or Equal to mph Mile (s) per Hour µ Micro oz Ounce, Ounces A, amp Ampere, Amperes pcf Pounds per Cubic Foot cf Cubic Foot, Cubic Feet ppm Parts per Million cu.in. Cubic Inch, Cubic Inches psf Pounds per Square Foot cy Cubic Yard, Cubic Yards psi Pounds per Square Inch dB Decibel, Decibels qt Quart, Quarts F Fahrenheit rpm Rotations per Minute ft Foot, Feet sec Second, Seconds ft-lb Foot-Pounds sf Square Foot, Square Feet gal Gallon, Gallons SFS Saybolt Furol Seconds gpm Gallon(s) per Minute sq.in. Square Inch, Square Inches Gmm@N ini Maximum Specific Gravity at Initial Number of Gyrations sy Square Yard, Square Yards hr Hour, Hours tsf Tons per Square Foot Hz Hertz V, VAC , VDC Voltage, Volt s of Alternating Current , Volts of Direct Current J Joule, Joules vpm Vibrations per Minute kbps Kilobit per Second W Watt, Watts ksi Kips per Square Inch Yd Yard, Yards

101-3 Definitions

ACT OF GOD: Events in nature so extraordinary that the history of climate variations and other conditions in the particular locality affords no reasonable warning of them. ADDITIONAL WORK: Additional work is that which results from a change or alteration to the con tract and for which there are existing contract unit prices. ADVERTISEMENT: The public advertisement inviting bids for the construction of specific projects. AMOUNT BID: The amount bid for a particular item of work in a proposal. ARTICLE: A primary numbered subdivision of a section of the Standard Specifications . An article may be subdivided into s ubarticle s. AWARD: The decision of the Department of Transportation to accept the bid of the lowest responsible responsive bidder for work that is subject to the furnishing of payment and performance bonds and such other conditions as may be otherwise provided by law, the proposal and these Standard Specifications . BASE COURSE: That portion of the pavement structure of planne d thickness placed immediately below the pavement or surface course. Sectio n 101

1-4 BID (OR PROPOSAL): Paper Bid: The offer of a bidder on the proposal furnished by the

Department to perform the work and to furnish the labor and materials at the prices quoted. Electro nic Bid: The electronic offer of a bidder via the approved electronic bidding software to the Department to perform the work and to furnish the labor and materials at the prices quoted. BID BOND OR BID DEPOSIT: The security furnished by the bidder with his bid as guaranty that he will furnish the required bonds and execute such documents as may be required if his bid is accepted. BIDDER: An individual, partnership, firm, corporation, LLC or joint venture formally submitting a bid for the work contemplated. BOARD OR BOARD OF TRANSPORTATION: The Board created by the provisions of NCGS § 143B -350 for formulating policies for the Department of Transportation and awarding all transportation construction contracts. BRIDGE: A structure including supports, erected over a depression or an obstruction such as water, highway or railway, and having a track or passage way for carrying traffic or other moving loads and having a length measured along the center of the roadway of more than 20 ft between undercopings of e nd supports, spring lines of arches or between extreme ends of openings for multiple reinforced concrete box structures. BRIDGE LENGTH: The length of a bridge structure is the overall length measured along the line of survey stationing back to back of backwalls of abutments, if present, otherwise end to end of the bridge floor. BRIDGE WIDTH: The clear width measured at right angles to the longitudinal centerline of the bridge between the bottom of curbs, guard timbers or face of parapets, or in the case o f multiple heights of curbs, between the bottoms of the lower risers. CALENDAR DAY: A day shown on the calendar beginning and ending at midnight. CHIEF ENGINEER: The Chief Engineer, Division of Highways , North Carolina Department of Transportation acting directly or through his duly authorized representatives. COMPLETION DATE: That date established as set forth in the contract or as revised by authorized extensions, by which it is required that the work set forth in the contract be satisfactorily completed. When observation periods are required by the Standard Specifications , they are not a part of the work to be completed by the completion date or intermediate contract times stated in the contract unless otherwise noted. CONSTRUCTIO N EASEMENT: A right owned by the Department of Transportation in a parcel of land owned by a third party outside the highway right of way for containing construction that exceeds the right of way. CONTRACT: The executed agreement between the Department and the successful bidder, covering the performance of and compensation for the work. The term contract is all inclusive with reference to all written and electronic agreements affecting a contractual relationship and all documents referred to therein . The contract shall include, but not be limited to, the proposal, the printed contract form and attachments, contract bonds, plans, Standard Specifications and supplemental specifications, standard special provisions and project special provisions contained in the proposal and all executed supplemental agreements . All references to contracts shall include electronic agreements and printed paper agreements. These may include, but not be limited to , the electronic bid bond, Non-Collusion Certification , Debarment Certification, Gift Ban Certification and award limits. The contract shall constitute one instrument.

1-5 CONTRACT ITEM: A specifically described unit of work for which a unit or lump sum

price is provided in the contract. Synonymous with Pay Ite m. CONTRACT LUMP SUM PRICE: The amount bid for a lump sum item that has been submitted by the Contractor in his proposal. CONTRACT PAYMENT BOND: A bond furnished by the Contractor and his corporate surety securing the payment of those furnishing labor, m aterials and supplies for the construction of the project. CONTRACT PERFORMANCE BOND: A bond furnished by the Contractor and his corporate surety guaranteeing the performance of the contract. CONTRACT TIME: The number of calendar days inclusive between the date of availability and the completion date, said dates being established as set forth in the special provisions, including authorized extensions to the completion date. CONTRACT UNIT PRICE: The unit bid price for a unit item that has been submitted by the Contractor in his proposal. CONTRACTOR: The successful bidder to whom the cont ract has been awarded, and who has executed the contract and furnished acceptable contract bonds. The Prime Contractor is the Bidder or Purchase Order (PO) Prime Contractor. CULVERT: Any structure not classified as a bridge that provides an opening under the roadway. CURRENT CONTROLLING OPERATION OR OPERATIONS: Any operation or operations, as determined by the Engineer, that if delayed would delay the completion of the project. DATE OF AVAILABILITY: That date, established as set forth in the special pro visions, by which it is anticipated that sufficient work sites within the project limits will be available for the Contractor to begin his controlling operations that are not otherwise limited by moratoriums, listed third party conflicts, or by weather con ditions. DEPARTMENT or DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION: A principal department of the Executive Branch that performs the functions of planning, design, construction and maintenance of an integrated statewide transportation system. DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS: The division of the Department of Transportation that, under the direction of the Secretary of Transportation, carries out state highway planning, design, construction and maintenance functions assigned to the Department of Transportation. DRAINAGE EASEMENT: A right, owned by the Department of Transportation, in a parcel of land owned by a third party outside the highway right of way, to construct and maintain ditches, channels, or structures for directing the course and flow of water outside the highway right of way. EASEMENT: A property right to use or control real property of another. ENGINEER: The Chief Engineer of the North Carolina Department of Transportation, acting directly or through a duly authorized representative, such representative acting wit hin the scope of particular assigned duties or authority. EQUIPMENT: All machinery and equipment, together with the necessary supplies, tools and apparatus for upkeep and maintenance, all of which are necessary for the proper construction and acceptable c ompletion of the work. EXTRA WORK: Work found necessary or desirable to fully complete the work as contemplated in the contract for which payment is not provided for by the contract unit or lump sum prices in the original contract. Extra work shall not be work that in the terms of the Sectio n 101

1-6 contract is incidental to work for which there is a contract price or work that payment is

included in some other contract unit or lump sum price. FINAL ACCEPTANCE DATE: That date on which all work set forth in the contract and work modified by the Engineer is satisfactorily completed excluding any observation periods not specifically made a part of the work by the specifications or special provisions. FINAL ESTIMATE: The document that contains a final statement of all quantities and total dollar amount for each item of work performed during the life of the contract including any adjustments to those amounts made under the terms of the contract. The final statement w ill be titled The Final Estimate and will be the document use d to document final payment to the Contractor. Receipt of this document by the Contractor will begin the time frame for filing of a verified claim with the Department as provided for in NCGS § 136-29. FINAL ESTIMATE ASSEMBLY: As constructed plans and other project records that establish the final statement of quantities to be paid and document work performed on the project. FORCE ACCOUNT NOTICE: A written notice to the Contractor that extra wor k ordered by the Engineer will be paid as force account work. FORCE ACCOUNT WORK: Work that is paid in accordance with Article 109 -3 or on the basis of the force account formula provided in the contract. HIGHWAY: A general term denoting a public way for purposes of vehicular travel, including the entire area within the right of way. Synonymous with Road and Street. HOUR: One of the 24 equal parts of a day. INSPECTOR: The authorized representative of the Engineer assigned to make a detailed inspection of any or all portions of the work and materials. INTERMEDIATE COMPLETION DATE: That date established as set forth in the special provisions or as revised by authorized extensions, by which date it is required that the portion of work set forth in the cont ract be satisfactorily completed. INTERMEDIATE COMPLETION TIME: The time established as set forth in the special provisions or as revised by authorized extensions, by which it is required that the portion of work set forth in the contract be satisfactorily completed. INTERMEDIATE CONTRACT TIME (DAYS): The number of calendar days inclusive between the date of availability and the intermediate completion date, said days being established as set forth in the special provisions, or as revised by authorized extensions, by which it is required that a portion of that work set forth in the contract be satisfactorily completed. INTERMEDIATE CONTRACT TIME (HOURS): The number of hours inclusive between the time of availability and the intermediate completion time, s aid times being established as set forth in the special provisions, including authorized extensions to the intermediate completion time. INVERT: The lowest point in the internal cross section of a pipe or other culvert. INVITATION TO BID: The notificatio n that bids will be received for the construction of specific projects. LABORATORY: The testing laboratory of the Department of Transportation or any other testing laboratory that may be designated or approved by the Engineer. LOCAL TRAFFIC: Traffic that must use the facility under construction to reach its destination.

1-7 MAJOR AND MINOR CONTRACT ITEMS: Major contract items are listed as such in

the project special provisions. All other original contract items and extra work shall be conside red as minor items. MATERIALS: Any substances that may be incorporated into the construction of the project. MEDIAN: The center section of a divided highway that separates the traffic lanes in one direction from the traffic lanes in the opposite directio n. MOBILIZATION: The work described in Article 800 -1. PAVEMENT STRUCTURE: The combination of base and surface courses placed on a subgrade to support the traffic load and distribute it to the roadbed. PAY ITEM: Synonymous with Contract Item. PLANS: The approved plans, profiles, typical roadway sections, appropriate standard drawings, supplemental plans and working drawings, or exact reproductions thereof, that show the location, dimensions and details of the work to be done and that are a part of the contract. PREBID CONFERENCE: A conference held before bids are accepted on a project at which representatives of the Department will provide information and accept and answer questions from interested parties. PROJECT: The work specified under the contract . PROJECT SPECIAL PROVISIONS: Special provisions peculiar to the project and not otherwise thoroughly or appropriately set forth in the Standard Specifications or plans. PROPOSAL: The electronic or paper document provided by the Department that the bidder uses to develop his electronic or paper offer to perform the work at designated bid prices. PURCHASE ORDER (PO) PRIME CONTRACTOR : A Bidder that can bid on any

Division L — et Contra ct.

RIGHT OF WAY : The land area shown i n the plans as right of way to be furnished by the Department of Transportation within which the project is to be constructed. ROAD: Synonymous with Highway and Street. ROADBED: The graded portion of a highway us ually considered as the area between the intersections of top and side slopes, upon which the base course, surface course, shoulders and medians are constructed. ROADSIDE: A general term denoting the area within the limits of the right of way adjoining the outer edge of the roadway. Extensive areas between the roadways of a divided highway may be considered roadside. ROADWAY: The portion of a highway within limits of construction. SECTION: A numbered chapter of the Standard Specifications . SHOULDER: The portion of the roadway adjacent to the traveled way for accommodation of stopped vehicles, for emergency use and for lateral support of base and surface courses. SIDEWALK: That portion of the roadway primarily constructed for pedestrian traffic. SKEW AN GLE: The angle between the centerline of the project and the centerline of a pipe, culvert, bridge pier, bent, abutment, or other drainage feature, measured to the right of the project centerline facing in the direction of progressing stations. SPECIAL PR OVISIONS: Project special provisions and standard special provisions taken together as one body of special provisions. Sectio n 101