423Hot Mix Asphalt (Hma) (Major Paving)

423.1 Description

This Work consists of construc ting one (1) or more pavement cou rses of Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA) on a prepared base, to include crushing, stockpiling, hau ling, binder, mineral admixture, mix design, mixing, providing cold feeds, process co ntrol testing and placement.

423.2 Materials

423.2.1 General

HMA is a mixture of asphalt binder, aggregate, blending sand, mineral filler, and mineral admixture. Unless otherwise prohibited in the Contract, the De partment will allow Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) in HMA mixtures as long as the resulting mixture conforms to all Specification requirements. The Contractor shall size, uniformly grade, and combine aggreg ate fractions in accordance with the Contract. The Contractor shall test Materi als in accordance with applicable AASHTO/ASTM methods, as modified by the Department ( if applicable) or other test procedures as directed by the Department. The State Mater ials Bureau will decide all questions pertaining to the interpretation of test procedures.

423.2.2 Aggregate

The Contractor shall ensure the aggregate gradation of the HMA mixture meets the requirements of Table 540 .2.2.1:1, “HMA Aggregate Gradation Control Points.” The Projec t Manager may require, at no additional cost to the Department, wet preparation, per AASHTO T 146, Method A, if the Project Manager determines there a re Deleterious Materials pres ent in the aggregate stockpiles before aggregate gradation testing. The Contract wi ll specify the type of HMA the Contractor is to use. The Department will allow the Contractor to combine Materials from two

423.2.2 1 Gradation and Quality Requirements

Table 423.2.2.1:1 HMA Aggregate Gradation Control Point s Sieve size % passing per HMA type SP-II SP-III SP-IV SP-V Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Two (2) inch — — — — — — — — 1 1/2 inch 100 — — — — — — — One (1) inch 90 100 100 — — — — — 3/4 inch — 90 90 100 100 — — — 1/2 inch — — — 90 90 100 100 3/8 inch — — — — — 90 90 100 No. 8 19 45 23 49 28 58 32 67 No. 200 1.0 7.0 2.0 8.0 2.0 10.0 2.0 10.0 Section 423: Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) (Major Paving) Page 211 423.2.2.1.1 Aggregate Quality For each Material source, the Contractor shall ensure the HMA coarse aggregate has an AI of 25 or less when calculated in accordance with Section 901 , "QUALITY CONTROL/QUALITY ASSURANCE (QC/QA)." The Contractor shall regulate the crushing of aggregate to: 1. Minimum Fractured Faces content of the plus No. 4 Material c omplies with the requirements of Table 423.2.2.1.2:1, “Fractured Faces, Sand Equ ivalent, and Fine Aggregate Angularity,” and evaluation by AASHTO 335-09, “ Fractured Face Determination for Coarse Aggregate; ” 2. Ensure the combined plus 3/8 inch material contains no more than 20% flat, elongated particles with a dimensi onal ratio of 3:1 or greater as determined by ASTM D 4791 (TTCP Modified); 3. Ensure the combined Material, excluding RAP; passing the No. 40 sieve is non-plastic; 4. Ensure that before the addition of mineral admixtures, the m inimum sand equivalent value and the minimum fine aggregate angularity value of the co mbined aggregate, excluding RAP, complies with the requirements of Table 423.2.2. 1.2:1, “Fractured Faces, Sand Equivalent, and Fine Aggregate Angularity;” and 5. Determine the Sand Equivalent value in accordance with AASTH O T 176, Alternate Method No. 1, and Fine Aggregate Angularity value in accordance with AASHTO T 304, Method A.

423.2.2 1.2 Fractured Faces

The Department will consider a face to be fractured when at le ast one-half of the projected particle area exhibi ts a rough, angular, or broken te xture with well-defined edges. Table 423.2.2.1.2:1 Minimum Fractured Faces, Sand Equivalent, and Fine Aggregate An gularity for Virgin Aggregates Design Traffic, ESALs a x 106 Fractured Facesb Sand Equivalent (%) Fine Aggregate Angularity < 3.0 75.0 / — 45.0 40.0 > 3.0 – < 10.0 85.0 / 80.0 45.0 45.0 > 10.0 – < 30.0 95.0 / 90.0 45.0 45.0 > 30.0 99.0 / 95.0 50.0 45.0 aESALs are based on a 20-year design life for all scenarios. bUnder “Fractured Faces,” 85.0 / 80.0 denotes that 85.0% of the coarse aggregate has at least one (1) Fractured Face and 80.0% has at least two (2) Fractured Faces. Ensure RAP provided from sources outside the Project has at lea st 75% Fractured Faces (one

423.2.2 2 Production

When producing aggregates for HMA, the Contractor shall: 1. Remove natural fines by screening and stockpiling separately ; Section 423: Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) (Major Paving) Page 212 2. Use a No. 4 screen, minimum, or a larger screen if needed to properly control the crushing and screening operation; 3. Crush the aggregate retained on the scalping screen and sepa rate the crushed Material into at least two (2) stockpiles of fine and coarse ag gregates; and 4. Regulate crushing operations to produce Material that meets design requirements when combined.

423.2.2 3 Stockpiling

The following requirements apply to stockpiles, the Contractor shall: 1. Place stockpiles upon prepared sites; 2. Make stockpiles neat and regular to prevent segregation; 3. Provide enough storage space for each size of aggregate; 4. Separate the aggregate stockpiles far enough apart to preven t mixing, or with walls or partitions; 5. Prevent contamination (store s tockpiles away from vehicular and Equipment traffic); 6. Keep the storage yard neat and orderly and keep the stockpil es accessible for sampling; and 7. Keep the aggregate sizes separated until delivered to the co ld feed system that feeds the drier.

423.2.2 4 Combining

When combining crushed Materials from different stockpiles, in cluding RAP (if in the mixture); the Contractor shall ensure the product is in accorda nce with the mix design gradation requirements. The Contractor shall use controlled fe eders from each stockpile to combine crushed Material.

423.2.3 Asphalt Binder

The Contract will specify the type and grade of asphalt binder . The Contractor shall provide asphalt binders in accor dance with Section 402, “Asphal t Materials and Mineral Admixtures.” The Contractor shall not change the asphalt sourc e after approval of the mix design without written approval of the State Materials Bureau.

423.2.4 Mineral Admixtures

The Contractor shall provide mineral admixtures in accordance with Section 402, “Asphalt Materials and Mineral Admixtures.”

423.2.5 Blending Sand

Blending sand consists of the following: 1. Natural fines from the scalping process; 2. Concrete sand; 3. Sandy Material; or 4. A combination of these, gr aded to the mix design requirement s. Section 423: Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) (Major Paving) Page 213 The Contractor shall determine the need for and percentage (a maximum of 20.0%) of blending sand using mix design tests on samples taken from stoc kpiles during crushing operations and submitted to an approved testing Laboratory.

423.2.6 Mineral Filler

The Contractor shall, if required by mix design, provide miner al filler in accordance with AASHTO M 17 and approved by the State Materials Bureau. The De partment will not allow fly ash as mineral filler for HMA.

423.2.7 Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP)

Unless otherwise specified in the Contract, the Contractor may use RAP removed under the Contract consisting of salvaged, milled, pulverized, broken , or crushed asphalt pavement. The Contractor may use RAP produced from outside sources provid ed the following is met: after the Contractor obtains sufficient quantities of RAP aggre gate samples in accordance with AASHTO T 308; the Department will Accept RAP for which the coar se aggregate has a percent wear of 40.0 or less, at 500 revolutions, when tested i n accordance with AASHTO T 96. The Contractor shall provide plus No. 4 RAP Mater ial with a minimum of 75% Fractured Faces content (one (1) face). The Department will ma ke no additional payment for the asphalt binder in the RAP or asphalt binder due to asphalt binder grade adjustment. The Contractor may use a maximum of 15% RAP (by weight) in the production of HMA mixtures without changing the asphalt binder. For quantities greater than 15% and up to 25% RAP, the Contract or shall: 1. Either lower the asphalt binder’s high and low temperature g rades by one (1) grade (e.g. lower a PG 76-22 to a PG 70-28); or 2. Extract, recover, and combine the RAP’s asphalt binder with a virgin asphalt binder per AASHTO M 323, Appendix A, ensuring the resultant binder mee ts the entire AASHTO M 320 (excluding direct tension) required Project PG asp halt binder properties indicated on t he approved mix design. For quantities greater than 25% and up to 35% RAP, the Contract or shall: 1. Extract, recover, and combine the RAP’s asphalt binder with a virgin asphalt binder per AASHTO M 323, Appendix A; and 2. Ensure the resultant binder meets the entire AASHTO M 320 (e xcluding direct tension) required Project PG asp halt binder properties indicate d on the approved mix design. The Department will not allow the Contractor to use more than 3 5 % R A P i n t h e production of HMA mixtures. For Projects of entirely new c onstruction, the Contractor shall : 1. Limit the RAP to 15% in the top mat or extract, recover and combine the RAP’s asphalt binder with a virgin as phalt binder per AASHTO M323, Ap pendix A; and 2. Ensure the resultant binder meets the entire AASHTO M320 (ex cluding direct tension) required Project PG asp halt binder properties indicate d on the approved mix design. If Plus Grades of PG asphalt bi nder is specified on the projec t, for quantities greater than 15% RAP, the Contractor shall extract, recover, and combine the RAP’s asphalt binder with a virgin asphalt binder per AASHTO M 323, Appendix A. The Contac tor shall ensure the Section 423: Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) (Major Paving) Page 214 resultant binder meets the entire AASHTO M 320 required Project PG asphalt binder properties indicated on the approv ed mix design including the a dditional Plus Grade requirements for Elastic Recovery and Solubility. The Contractor shall: 1. Process RAP so that 100% passes a 1-1/2-inch sieve; 2. Maintain adequate stockpile management (i.e. sufficient quan tities and shaping of the stockpiles); 3. Address in the Quality Contro l Plan how RAP will be controll ed, such as which screen will be used to split into two (2) stockpiles, or by wha t method the RAP will be controlled to keep the resultant mix within Acceptable limit s; 4. Account for the weight of the binder in the RAP when batchin g aggregates; 5. Provide RAP that is free o f Deleterious Materials; and 6. Perform process control testing in accordance with Section 9 01, “Quality Control/Quality Assurance (QC/QA)” and Table 901.5:3, “Minimum Process Control Guidelines for Aggregates, Base Course, and RAP (QC);” as RAP i s produced and prepared for inclusion in the HMA. If problems with HMA consistency or compliance with Project Sp ecifications occur, additional efforts taken to achieve Acceptable levels of consis tency and compliance with Contract Specifications, at the Contractor’s discretion (at no additional cost to the Department), include, but are not limited to: 1. Reduce the top size of the RAP from 1-1/2 inch to one (1) in ch; 2. Fractionate the aggregates on a second screen, such as the 3 /8 inch or ¼ inch Screen so that the RAP is maintained in three (3) stockpiles, o ne being RAP larger than 1-1/2 inch to two (2) inches, Coarse RAP and the third bei ng Fine RAP; 3. Ensure that the RAP used in the HMA mix design is representa tive of the RAP available on the Project; 4. Cover the RAP pile(s) so that ambient moisture is not absorb ed; and 5. Process and maintain the stockpiles so that the RAP Material is equally and uniformly distributed throughout the entire stockpile(s) and is withdrawn such that uniform, non-segregated RAP is delivered to the hoppers.

423.2.8 Mix Design

The Contractor shall provide a mix design developed by a Depar tment approved testing Laboratory, reviewed and signed by a professional Engineer lice nsed by the New Mexico Board of Registration for Professional Engineers and Land Surve yors. A list of approved private testing laboratories is available from the State Materi als Bureau. The Contractor shall develop the mix design at no addit ional cost to the Department. The Contractor may develop the mix design at any time prior to the Project Pre-Paving Conf erence. The Contractor shall provide to the State Asphalt Engineer the mix design developed in accordance with the Contract documents and AASHTO R35 as modifi ed by NMDOT for review and concurrence. The Contractor shall summarize the mix design results from the Department approved testing Laboratory in a format approved by the State Materials Bureau. Department concurrence of a mix design will not relieve the Con tractor of full responsibility for producing an Acceptable mixture. The mix design may require ad justment in accordance with Section 423: Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) (Major Paving) Page 215 The Department will require a minimum of one percent (1.0%) fo r mix designs that include hydrated lime, anhydrite based Material, or Portland ce ment. The Contractor shall include these mineral admixtures in the gradation for developin g the mix design. AASHTO T 354 may be used in lieu of AASHTO T 84/T 85. If lubricating an tistrip is used as a mineral admixture, the percent dosage shall be done in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendation and approved by the Contractor’s design Lab. Lu bricating antistrip shall be approved by the Department and included in the most current App roved Products List (APL). The mix design shall be in accordance with Table 423.2.8:1, “HM A Superpave Design Requirements for Aggregates with Less Than three percent (3.0%) Absorption,” or Table 423.2.8:2, “HMA Superpave Design Requirements for Aggrega tes with three percent (3.0%) or Greater Absorption.” The Contractor shall test the HM A in accordance with AASHTO T 283, as indicated below: 1. Use six (6) inch diameter specimens; Compact all test speci mens in accordance with AASHTO T 312; 2. Conditioned specimens shall include one (1) freeze thaw cycl e; 3. On the AASHTO T283 Section 11.3 scale of zero (0)-five (5), with five (5) exhibiting the most damage from moisture, visually estimate the amount of damage caused by moisture on the interior surfaces of each broken specimen; and 4. The tensile stress ratio shall be a minimum of 85%. The Contractor shall provide a mixture that meets all applicab le criteria. If tests indicate the need for additives or modifiers not specified in the Contra ct or a change in source of binder to satisfy mix design requirements, the Contractor shall perfor m the required changes at no additional cost to the Department. Table 423.2.8:1 HMA Superpave Design Requirements for Aggregates with Less Than 3.0% Absorption 20-year design ESALs

423.2.9 Job Mix Formula

The Job Mix Formula (JMF) must be in accordance with all aggre gate gradation requirements and result in a mix that meets all specified mix d esign requirements. The Department will refer to the result of the Laboratory mix desig n developed in accordance with

423.2.9 1 Job Mix Formula Adjustment

The Contractor may request a modification to the JMF based on field testing of Material produced through the plant. Test results and calculations that verify a proposed JMF adjustment complies with the Specifications will be required pr ior to being reviewed by the Project Manager, District Lab Supervisor, and concurred by the State Asphalt Engineer. Review and concurrence of a JMF adjustment can only be made aft er: 1. JMF adjustment results in a new TV that is within the tolera nce from the design TV. (Example: If design TV for No. 4 sieve is 30%, then a new TV m ay be approved in the field from 23% - 37%); 2. Submittal by the Testing Laboratory responsible for the orig inal mix design to the Project Manager with a copy to the State Asphalt Engineer; 3. Confirmation by the Project Manager that the Quality Control Plan is being followed; and 4. If the JMF is adjusted after the Shakedown Period, the Contr actor shall terminate the current lot. Once the adjusted JMF has been reviewed and c oncurred by the Project Manager, Assistant Distr ict Engineer for Construction a nd the State Asphalt Engineer; the Contractor shall begin a new lot with the adjuste d JMF.

423.3 Construction Requirements

423.3.1 General

The Contractor shall: 1. Provide sufficient storage s pace for each size of aggregate and RAP; 2. Keep the different sizes separate and ensure that segregatio n, degradation, or combination of Materials of different aggregate sizes does not occur until delivery to the cold feed system; 3. Re-screen or waste segregated or degraded Material; 4. Provide separate storage and feeder for mineral filler if th e Contract requires mineral filler; and 5. If the Project Manager determines that uncoated aggregate ex ists, the Contractor shall take corrective action.

423.3.2 Mix and Laydown Temperature Requirements

The Contractor shall not allow the temperature of the HMA disc harged from the mixer into the transport vehicle to be greater or less than ten percent (1 0%) of the target mixing temperature specified in the mix design, not to exceed 350° F, unless written concurrence by the asphalt binder supplier and de sign lab are provided to the Project Manager. HMA delivered to the Project with mix temperatures outside the acceptable laydown temperature range as specified in the mix design shall, at the sole discretion of the Project Manager, be removed and replaced at no cost to the Department.

423.3.3 Addition of Mineral Admixtures

The Contractor shall: 1. Monitor the out feed of the mineral admixture with sensors t hat provide audible and visual signals to control the out feed with an accuracy of ± th ree percent (3.0 %) by weight; 2. Control the mineral admixture content such that it meets the range specified in the approved mix design; 3. Add the mineral admixture to the aggregate in an enclosed pu g mill immediately after leaving the cold feed and just before introduction into t he drier drum or aggregate drier; and 4. Minimize the loss of mineral admixture while adding to the a ggregate. When mixing the aggregate and mineral admixture, the Contracto r shall maintain the moisture content of the combined aggregate at the recommended m oisture content as shown on the approved mix design.

423.3.4 Equipment

423.3.4 1 Mixing Plants

423.3.4 1.1 Plant Scales

The Contractor shall ensure that the scales are accurate to 0. 5% of the maximum allowable load in accordance with the Federal Motor Carrier Saf ety Administration (FMCSA) publication, as certified by a licensed scale technician. The Contractor shall submit a copy of the certification to the Project Manager.

423.3.4 1.2 Storage of Asphalt Binder Materials

The Contractor shall provide storage tanks for asphalt binder capable of holding, heating and circulating the asphalt at the required temperatures and me asuring the temperature of the asphalt in the tank. The Contractor shall allow measuring and sampling of asphalt b inder from the delivery trucks upon arrival.

423.3.4 1.3 Feeder for Drier

The Contractor shall equip the plant with an accurate feeding mechanism to deliver the aggregate into the drier and maintain uniform production.

423.3.4 1.4 Drier

The Contractor shall equip the plant with a system to continuo usly agitate the aggregate during the heating and drying process. The Contractor shall us e a drier that can dry and heat the aggregate and prevent fuel oil or carbon from coating the a ggregate. The Contractor shall take corrective action if the aggregate becomes coated with bur ner fuel.

423.3.4 1.5 Bins

The Contractor shall equip the plant with storage bins large e nough to supply the mixer when it is operating at full capacity and arrange the bins to e nsure separate and adequate Section 423: Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) (Major Paving) Page 219 storage of the appropriate aggregate sizes. The Contractor sha ll equip the bins with warning devices that notify the control panel when the bins are low.

423.3.4 1.6 Asphalt Binder Control Unit

The Contractor shall equip the plant with a scale or meter to control the rate of flow to determine the amount of asphalt binder added to the mix.

423.3.4 1.7 Thermometers

The Contractor shall equip the discharge chute of the drier wi th a recording thermometer to register the temperature of the heated aggregates or mix. T he Contractor shall provide the Project Manager with a record of discharge temperatures at the end of each week’s production or as requested by the Project Manager.

423.3.4 1.8 Truck Scales

The Contractor shall weigh the HMA on approved plant or truck scales provided by the Contractor or public scales in accordance with Section 109.1, “ Measurement of Quantity.”

423.3.4 1.9 Requirements for Batching Plants

423.3.4 1.9.1 Weigh Box or Hopper

The Contractor shall provide a batching plant that can accurat ely weigh aggregate in a weigh box or hopper suspended on scales. The Contractor shall use a weigh box or hopper that can hold a full batch. The Contractor shall ensure that t he gate of the weigh box or hopper does not allow Material to leak into the mixer while bei ng weighed. The Contractor shall test the scales in accor dance with Section 109.1, “Measur ement of Quantity.”

423.3.4 1.9.2 Mixer

The Contractor shall provide a batch mixer with a capacity of at least 2,000 lb, capable of producing a uniform mixture wit hin specified tolerances.

423.3.4 1.9.3 Control of Mixing Time

The Contractor shall equip the mixer with an accurate timing d evice that signals the end of the mixing time.

423.3.4 1.10 Drum Mix Plants

The Contractor shall equip the drum mix plant with the followi ng auxiliary Equipment and capabilities: 1. Separate cold feed controls for each Material; 2. An automatic interlocking device for cold feed, asphalt, and mineral admixtures; 3. A means for controlling moisture content of aggregate. A me ans for sampling individual cold feeds and provis ions for sequential sampling of aggregate, RAP, asphalt binder, and mineral admixtures; 4. Equip the bins with mechanica l or electrical devices that pr ovide an audible or visual warning when the bins are less than 1/4 full; 5. Bins shall be designed and equipped to prevent segregation; Section 423: Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) (Major Paving) Page 220 6. Equip the bin containing fine aggregate and filler, if requi red, with a device that prevents Material hang-up during plant operation; 7. A minimum of one (1) cold feed bin for each aggregate size i n the mix; 8. Equip the cold feed with mechanical or electrical devices th at indicate with an audible or visual warning when the cold feed belt is not carryi ng the proper amount of Material; 9. A separate cold feed for RAP Material. Introduce RAP so tha t it does not come into direct contact with the burner flame; and 10. Couple the asphalt feed control with the total-aggregate-we ight measurement device to automatically vary the asphalt feed rate to maintain the required proportion.

423.3.4 2 Haul Equipment The Contractor shall haul asphalt mixtures with trucks that ar e tarped and have tight,

clean, smooth metal beds and a thin coat (a minimal amount) of a Department approved release agent in accordance with Section 423.3.4.2.1, “Asphalt Release Agent (ARA).”

423.3.4 2.1 Asphalt Release Agent (ARA)

The Contractor shall use Asphalt Release Agents (ARA) for prev ention of asphalt mixtures adhering to haul trucks and any other type of Equipmen t that is used for asphalt paving operations. ARA shall meet the requirements of Table 42 3.3.4.2.1:1, “Asphalt Release Agent Properties” and shall be on the NMDOT’s Approved Products List. All testing will be in accordance with NTPEP Evaluati on of Asphalt Release Agents AASH TO ARA 14. Table 423.3.4.2.1:1 Asphalt Release Agent Properties Test Result 7-Day Asphalt Stripping Test Diluted No Stripping Full Strength No Stripping Mixture Slide Test (truck beds) 10 g retained, maximum Asphalt Performance Test Does not fall after 3 pours

423.3.4 3 Pavers

The Contractor shall use self-contained, self-propelled pavers , with activated screeds or strike-off assemblies, heated if necessary, and capable of spre ading and finishing courses of HMA in accordance with the Plans. 423.3.4.4 Compaction Equipment The Contractor shall provide a sufficient number, weight, and type of rollers to obtain the required compaction and specifi ed pavement density while the HM A is in a workable condition. All rollers must be capable of r eversing direction without shov ing or tearing the mixture.

423.3.5 Placement Operations

For cold milled surfaces, the Contractor shall prepare the sur face in accordance with Section 414, “Cold Milling.” The Contractor shall clean the ex isting surfaces and apply a tack coat as required in the Plans or at an application rate as appr oved by the Project Manager in accordance with Section 407, “Tack Coat.” The Contractor shall place HMA on prepared Base Course in acco rdance with Section 303, “Base Course.” The Contractor shall apply prime coat as r equired in the Plans or at an application rate as approved by the Project Manager in accordan ce with Section 408, “Prime Coat.” The Contractor shall place the HMA on the Accepted surface, sp read and compact to specified width, lift thickne ss, and cross slope in accordance with the Plans. Materials Transfer Vehicle (MTV): The Contractor shall use a MTV with storage and remixing capabilities on all mainline construction that utilize s greater than 25% RAP when placing HMA State approved designs. The MTV will independently remix and deliver mixture from the hauling Equipment to the paving Equipment. The Contractor shall furnish an MTV with the following capabil ities: 1. An unloading system to receive mixtures from the hauling Equ ipment; 2. A minimum storage capacity of 13 tons with a remixing system in the MTV storage bin; 3. A discharge conveyor to deliv er the mixture to the paver hop per; and 4. The MTV system cannot exceed maximum legal loading on Struct ures. Pick-up machines, hopper inserts and Material transfer devices are not considered MTVs. In the event the MTV malfuncti ons during paving operations, th e Contractor can finish the Day without the MTV. The Contractor shall not resume further m ainline mix placement until the MTV is operational. Consistently overloading the HMA mix into the paving machine i s not Acceptable. The Contractor shall coordinate the speed of the paving machine wit h the production of the plant and keep enough haul Equipment avail able to achieve continuous operation. The Contractor shall use the control system on the paving mach ine to control the grade and the transverse slope by either of the following methods: 1. One end directly and the other indirectly through controllin g the transverse slope; or 2. Each end independently, including screed attachments. The Contractor shall suspend operations if the control system does not achieve the typical section in accordance with the Plans. The Contractor s hall place, spread, and finish the courses of HMA according to the following: 1. Without segregation or tearing; 2. True to the line, grade, and crown in accordance with the Pl ans; and 3. With self-propelled pavers, except as otherwise directed. On areas where irregularities or unavoidable obstacles make th e use of mechanical spreading and finishing Equipment impracticable, the Contractor shall dump, spread, and level the HMA by other methods to achieve the required compacted thic kness.

423.3.5 1 Weather Limitations

The Contractor shall not place HMA on wet or frozen surfaces o r if weather conditions prevent proper handling, finishing, and compacting. The Contra ctor shall place HMA when the Section 423: Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) (Major Paving) Page 222 Chill Factor is at least 40 °F and rising. If the air temperat ure is 60 °F or warmer do not consider the Chill Factor.

423.3.5 2 Compaction

The Contractor shall: 1. Compact the HMA thoroughly and uniformly immediately after p lacement. Operate rollers at speeds slow enough to minimize displacement of the H MA, including the lines and grades of the asphalt ed ges. Remove marks from pneum atic rollers; 2. Prevent the HMA from sticking to the roller wheels by keepin g the wheels moistened with water; water mixed with very small quantities of detergent or other approved Material. Do not use diesel fuel or other petroleum diluents; 3. At locations inaccessible to the rollers, the Contractor sha ll compact the HMA with hot hand tampers, smoothing ir ons, or mechanical tampers; 4. Use a trench roller or cleated compression strips under the roller to transmit compression to depressed areas; and 5. Remove areas that become loose, broken, mixed with dirt, seg regated or defective, replace with fresh HMA, and compact to match the surrounding ar ea, at no additional cost to the Department.

423.3.5 3 Not Used

423.3.5 4 Joints

The Contractor shall off set longitudinal joints at least six (6) inches relative to the longitudinal joints of the underlying course. Unless otherwise specified, the Contractor shall taper transve rse and longitudinal joints as follows: 1. At least a three (3) ft taper for transverse joints, with a taper slope no steeper than 24:1; 2. At least a one (1) ft taper or a notched taper, for longitud inal joints, with a taper slope no steeper than 6:1 or a notched taper with a one (1) inc h vertical edge at the top of the taper connected to a slope no steeper than 6:1; 3. Cut and square off transverse tapers before commencing new W ork; 4. Clean and tack coat longitudinal joints from previous operat ions; and 5. Avoid placing longitudinal joints in the wheel paths, unless approved by the Project Manager. The Contractor shall completely bond joints and provide smooth surface for each course at the joints. The Department will not allow deviations greate r than 3/16 inch when tested with a ten (10) ft straightedge in any direction. When paving under traffic, the Contractor shall schedule the daily surfacing oper ations so that tapered longitu dinal joints are not exposed for longer than seven (7) Days.

423.3.5 5 Surface Tolerances

The Contractor shall provide a final HMA surfacing course that conforms to Section 401, “Pavement Smoothness Measurement.”

423.3.5 6 Plan Surfacing Thickness

The Contractor shall: 1. Place pavement at the thickness specified in the Contract; 2. Monitor thickness by calcula ting continuous production yield s using the formula found in the MT-1, as maintained by the State Materials Bureau; 3. Calculate the required yield and the corresponding yields fo r 0.25 inch increase (upper limit) and decrease (lower limit). The Project Manager may adjust the required yield to fit field conditions. If adjusted, the new t arget yield will be communicated to the Contractor in writing; 4. Control production to keep yield within the upper and lower limits; 5. Correct deficiencies at no cost to the Department; 6. Correct deficient depths during placement; and 7. Address Plan Surfacing thickness in the Quality Control Plan .

423.3.5 7 Test Strip & Shakedown Period

Prior to the Test Strip & Shakedown Period, the Contractor sha ll provide binder ignition oven calibration samples in acco rdance with the State Materials Bureau’s, current Binder Ignition Calibration Procedure. All Quality Control, Quality Assurance and Independent Assurance ovens must be calibrated by this procedure. The Proj ect Manager will suspend paving operations until calibration of the ovens has been compl eted. No additional time or compensation will be granted for completion of this requirement . The “NMDOT Binder Ignition Calibration Procedure” is available by accessing the NMDOT website, and navigating wi thin the Construction and Civil Rights Bureau’s (CCRB) link. The Contractor shall construct a test strip for each HMA mix d esign to be incorporated in the Project prior to placing the Material on mainline. The tes t strip will consist of a maximum of 1,000 tons, the minimum test strip size will be 500 tons or as approved by the Project Manager. The Contractor shall construct test strip on shoulder s, low volume segments of the pavement, or area approved by the Project Manager. The Contractor shall obtain a minimum of three (3) Contractor and three (3) agency samples to evaluate the JMF, process control, and placement ope rations. If necessary, based on the results obtained from the test strip, the Contractor sha ll develop a revised JMF, modify placement operations, and/or implement adjustments to process c ontrol procedures. Production and placement operations performed prior to approval of a revised JMF are at the Contractor’s risk. The test strip will be evaluated for Acceptance according to T able 423.3.5.7:1, “Test Strip Acceptance Limits.” If Accepted, the test strip will be paid a t the unit price for HMA Complete or HMA per Section 423.5, “Basis of Payment.” If rejected, sai d Material shall be handled in accordance with Section 423.3.6.3.2,” Adherence to Specificatio ns and Rejection of Non- Specification Material.” The Contractor shall remove rejected test strip Material placed within the Roadway Prism at no cost to the Department. If the Contrac tor disagrees with removing and replacing unacceptable Material placed in test strips outsi de the Roadway Prism, the Assistant District Engineer for Construction, based on engineer ing judgment, will decide if the Material can remain in place with a maximum pay factor of 50%, or shall be removed and replaced at no cost to the Department. Section 423: Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) (Major Paving) Page 224 If the test strip is rejected, the Contractor shall construct a subsequent test strip. The Contractor shall not proceed to full production until an Accept ed test strip is produced. After the test strip is Accepted, the Contractor shall continue to ev aluate the mix properties and the JMF during the placement of the first two (2) sublots in the fi rst lot. Changes may be made to the JMF or the mix proportions and/ or properties with the concu rrence of the State Materials Bureau, Project Manager, and Assistant District Engineer for Co nstruction. For changes made prior to the completion of the first two (2) sublots, the adjus tments will be applied to the entire lot for purposes of payment. The Project Manager may waive test strip requirements for the Project, if requested by the Contractor based on prior experience with the JMF. The Shakedown Period is defined as the first two (2) sublots p roduced in the first lot. As the test strip is placed, the Contractor shall evaluate the mix properties and the JMF. Changes may be made to the JMF or the mix proportions and/or pr operties with the concurrence of the State Materials Bureau, Project Manager, and the Assistant District Engineer for Construction. Table 423.3.5.7:1 Test Strip Acceptance Testing Limits a,c Characteristic Allowable Tolerances from TV Air Voids, % ± 2.0 Pavement Density %c 90% to 97% Mineral Admixture % ±0.2% Voids in the Mineral Aggregate (VMA), % a ± 2.0 Asphalt Content %a,b ± 0.50 a Asphalt Content will be determined us ing AASHTO T308 as modifie d by TTCP. b HMA will not be rejected based on Asphalt Content Determined b y AASHTO T 308. c Acceptance will be based on the average test values.

423.3.6 Sampling and Testing

The Contractor shall sample and test in accordance with Sectio n 901, “Quality Control Quality Assurance General Provisions,” and Section 906, “Minimu m Testing Requirements.” The Department will sample and test in accordance with Section 901, “Quality Control /Quality Assurance General Provisions,” and Section 906, “Minimum Testin g Requirements.”

423.3.6 1 Contractor Quality Control

The Contractor shall administer a Quality Control Plan, referr ed to hereafter as “the Plan”. The Contractor shall ensure the Plan conforms to Section 902, “ Quality Control.” The Contractor shall submit the Plan a minimum of two (2) weeks pri or to commencement of crushing operations and at a minimum comply with “Contractor Qu ality Control Plan Guidelines.” No HMA operations are allowed until the Plan has been approved by the Project Manager and the District Lab Supervisor. The Contractor shall sample and test the mixture and pavement on a statistically random basis in accordance with Section 906, “Minimum Testing Requirements.”

423.3.6 1.1 Contractor Quality Control of Aggregate

Section 423: Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) (Major Paving) Page 225 The Contractor shall obtain samples in accordance with Section 902.5, “Sampling.” The Project Manager may sample and test the aggregate at any t ime during production or stockpiling, or may request to split samples with the Contra ctor.

423.3.6 1.2 Contractor Quality Control for Compaction

The Contractor shall: 1. Monitor the compaction process by determining the density of the HMA with a portable densometer in accordance with the Plan; 2. Establish calibration of the portable densometer from cut pa vement samples; 3. Determine the density readings of the cut pavement samples i n accordance with AASHTO T 166 (weight, volume method); determine the density rea dings of the pavement with the portable densometer and correlate these test results; 4. Conduct Quality Control testing in accordance with Division 900, “QUALITY CRITERIA” and provide test r esults to the Project Manager; 5. Perform Quality Control density testing while the asphalt mi xture is hot enough to permit further compaction; 6. Not roll for compaction when it becomes ineffective or damag es the HMA; and 7. Not use vibratory mode when it becomes ineffective or damage s the HMA.

423.3.6 2 Department Quality Assurance

The Department will sample and test the mixture and pavement on a statistically random basis in accordance with Section 906, “Minimum Testing Requirem ents.”

423.3.6 3 Acceptance

The Department will evaluate Materials using Contractor and De partment test data from each Random sampling Plan for A cceptance in accordance with thi s section. Table 423.3.6.3:1 Acceptance Testing Tolerances a Characteristic Specification limit, percentage points from TV Air Voids, % ± 1.4 Pavement Density %c ± 2.5 Mineral Admixture%e Minimum of JMF Target Value Voids in the Mineral Aggregate (VMA), % a,d ± 1.6 Asphalt Content %a,b ± 0.50 a All gradation, Asphalt Content, VMA, and VFA values shall be de termined using the AASHTO T 308 testing results. b HMA will not be rejected based on Asphalt Content Determined b y AASHTO T 308. c Density payment will be adjusted in accordance with Section 90 1.3.11, “QLA.” d If Gmm fluctuates more than ±0. 03 on a consistent basis, it is recommended that the Specific Gravity of the aggregates be checked in order to verify VMA. e If Mineral Admixture is below Des ign TV cease hot mix producti on, investigate and correct. Section 423: Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) (Major Paving) Page 226 Department personnel may test locations other than the random locations generated for statistical analysis. These tests will not be used for pay fac tor determination, but may be used to determine Acceptance or rej ection of localized Material.

423.3.6 3.1 Quality Level Analysis (QLA)

The Department will determine Acceptance of the Materials in a ccordance with Section 904, “Quality Level Analys is (QLA),” using the Acceptan ce limits in Table 423.3.6.3, “Acceptance Testing Tolerances.” Acceptance lot sizes shall be determined at the Pre-Paving Conference. The Department will have the final authority for d etermination of Acceptance lot size. For all QLA Projects, if a composite pay factor of more than one (1.00) is calculated, the composite pay factor will be a one (1.00) for the purposes of p ayment.

423.3.6 3.1.1 Acceptance of Pavement Density

The target density for Acceptance of HMA will be 94.50% of the theoretical maximum density as determined from AASHTO T 209. For determina tion of maximum specific gravity, the Contractor shall obtain and test a minimu m of two (2) samples and ensure the Department obtains and tests a minimum of one (1) sample fo r each Day that the HMA is placed, in accordance with the random sampling Plan. Each indi vidual density test value obtained less than 92.0% or more than 97.0% of the theoretical maximum density will be evaluated in accordance with Section 423.3.6.3.2, “Adherence to Specifications and Rejection of Non-specification Material.” For purposes of Acceptance and pay factor determination: 1. Determine the density from cut pavement sections (cores) wit h six (6) inch diameters extending through the full thickness of the HMA; 2. Determine the pay factor in accordance with Section 904, “Q uality Level Analysis;” 3. To be prepared for dispute resolution, the Contractor shall provide one (1) additional core for each core tested by the Department for Acceptance of d ensity in accordance with section 423.3.7, “Dispute Resolution;” and 4. If a composite pay factor of more than one (1.00) is calcula ted, the composite pay factor will be a one (1.00) for the purposes of payment. For Projects consisting of si ngle lift overlays or mill and in lay with a single lift of two and a half inches or less, the Project Manager may grant an exception to the mean density target requirement of at least 94.5% of the theoretical maximum densit y if the Contractor can demonstrate that a minimum of 92.0% cannot be reasonably obtain ed because of the existing conditions of the Pavement Structure or Subgrade Materials. Th e Contractor demonstrates this by providing non-destructive density results obtained duri ng paving operations witnessed by a State Inspector at the location in question. If the Proje ct Manager grants this exemption, the Contractor shall construct a Roadway test strip and develop an HMA compaction process to get the highest possible density based on an approved roller ’s density gain per pass, in accordance with Section 423.3.4.4, “Compaction Equipment.” The Project Manager will approve the process, establish a new target value for density a nd establish a new Acceptance lot only for the portion of the Project addressed herein (excep t for the Roadway test strip) before paving begins or continues. Lot density shall not fall below 91%. If a lot does not meet either of the revised density requirements, the Project Manager will, with the concurrence of the Assistant District Engineer fo r Construction do the followi ng: 1. Accept and pay for the lot of HMA at 50% of the Bid Item Uni t Price; or 2. Reject the in-place Material and require the Contractor to r emove and replace at no cost to the Department. Section 423: Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) (Major Paving) Page 227 423.3.6.3.2 Adherence to Specifications and Rejection of Non-Sp ecification Material The Contractor shall produce Material in substantial complianc e with all Specification requirements. The Department will evaluate Air Voids, Pavement Density, Void in Mineral Aggregate (VMA), and Asphalt Content test results for Specifica tion compliance. Evaluation of Material that does not meet Specifications will be in accordanc e with the following: Individual Test Results . If an individual test is outsi de the Specification limits but is less than two (2) standard deviations from the mean of previously pr oduced Material of the current lot, investigate and propose corrective actions but production may continue and the result will be entered into QLA. If an individual test result (for the cur rent lot) is outside the Specification limits and is two (2) or more standard deviations from the mean of previously produced Material, the Contractor shall cease production, investigate th e causes of the failure, and propose corrective actions. The Contractor shall not resume pr oduction until the proposed corrections are approved by the Project Manager. Consecutive Test Results . If two (2) consecutive test res ults of the same property (for the current lot) are outside the Specification limits, cease produc tion, investigate the causes of the failure, and propose corrective action. The Contractor shall n ot resume production until the proposed corrections are Accepted by the Project Manager in wri ting. Limit production to a maximum of 1,000 tons, production will include a minimum of two (2) Contractor tests and one

423.3.6 4 Independent Assurance Testing

The Department will perform Independent Assurance sampling and testing in accordance with Section 906, “Minimum Testing Requirements.”

423.3.7 Dispute Resolution

For any test incorporated into the pay factor, if a dispute ex ists the Project Manager and Contractor will investigate to determine why and make correctio ns if possible. If the Section 423: Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) (Major Paving) Page 228 discrepancy cannot be resolved, then either party may invoke th e dispute resolution process. The State Asphalt Engineer will maintain a list of labs that ar e willing and capable of performing referee testing. All referee Labs shall be AASHTO M aterials Reference Laboratory (AASHTO RE: SOURCE) certified for the test(s) to be performed. Neither the Department’s Project staff, nor the Contractor will know who is performing t he referee testing. The State Asphalt Engineer will select a Laboratory, without disclosing t he name of the Lab to Department Project personnel or Contractor personnel, from the following, not in priority order: 1. A District Laboratory not from t he District in which the Pro ject resides; 2. A Laboratory currently listed on the State Material’s Bureau ’s list of approved testing labs not involved in the subject Project in any manner, such as mix design submittal, preliminary testing for design, etc. Only Laboratories that ar e in the routine business of providing testing and designs will be considered; o r 3. State Materials Bureau Laboratory. For all testing incorporated into the pay factor, an additiona l sample from the Department’s Acceptance Samples and the Contractor’s Quality Co ntrol Samples shall be obtained for referee testing purposes. Failure to provide the referee samples will result in the Project Manager suspending the Project at no cost to the Depart ment. Additional time will not be added to the Contract for Project suspension caused by failu re to comply with Dispute Resolution Process. Work shall not resume until the Contractor provides the sample(s) and satisfies the Project Manager, in writing, that future samples will be provided in compliance with this requirement. The referee sample(s) is (are) to be re tained by the Department. The Department will retain the referee samples at a location determ ined by the Project Manager. Once the pay factor is determined, the Contractor shall dispose of the unused samples at no cost to the Department. In no case will the unused samples be disposed of prior to the ten

423.5 Basis of Payment

Pay Item Pay Unit HMA Complete Ton or Square Yard HMA Ton or Square Yard The Department will pay for Accepted quantities at the Bid Ite m Unit Price, adjusted in accordance with Section 423.5.1, “Price Adjustments.” Providin g and transporting all cores, samples and storage containers shall be Incidental to the Pay I tems above.

423.5.1 Price Adjustments

The Department will pay for Accepted quantities of HMA or HMA Complete at the Bid Item Unit Price, adjusted in accordance with Section 904, “Qual ity Level Analysis (QLA).” The HMA will be evaluated on a lot-by-lot basis at a price determin ed by multiplying the Bid Item Unit Price by the weighting fa ctor. The Department will use Ta ble 904.1:1, “Weighting Factors,” to calculate each lot’s composite pay factor. The pa y factor for the entire Project will be calculated by applying weighted averages, based on tonnage c ontained within each lot, to each lot’s composite pay factor. If the composite pay factor f or a lot is greater than one (1.0), the pay factor will be set at one (1.0).

423.5 2 Work Included in Payment

The Department will consider as included in the payment for th e pay item(s) listed in this section and will not measure or pay separately for the followin g Work: 1. Asphalt binder, aggregate, blending sand, mineral filler, mi neral admixture, and WMA additive or process as appropriate; 2. Mixing, hauling, placement, and compaction of HMA or WMA; 3. Quality Control in accordance with Section 902, “Quality Con trol;” 4. Providing and transporting all cores for correlation; 5. Providing Mix Design in accor dance with Section 423.2.8, “Mi x Design;” and 6. Providing storage container for samples and cores if referee testing is used. Section 424: Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) (Major Paving) Page 230