450Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (Pccp) (Qla)

450.1 Description

This Work consists of construc ting Portland Cement Concrete Pa vement (PCCP) on a prepared Subgrade, Base Course or HMA/WMA.

450.2 Materials

Portland cement, air-entraining admixtures, chemical admixture s, mineral pozzolans, water, and aggregate will meet the requirements of Section 509, "Portland Cement Concrete."

450.2.1 Dowels and Tie Bars Dowels and tie bars will meet the applicable requirements of S ection 540.2, "Steel

Reinforcement Materials."

450.2.2 Joint Sealing Material

Joint sealing Material will meet the requirements of Section 4 52, "Sealing and Resealing Concrete Pavement Joints."

450.2.3 Curing Compound

The Contractor shall use curing compound that complies with th e requirements of ASTM C309 for Type 1-D or Type 2.

450.3 Construction Requirements

450.3.1 Proportioning

The Contractor shall use a Class P concrete mix that has been reviewed and approved in accordance with Section 509, “Portland Cement Concrete Mix Desi gns” by the State Concrete Engineer. If the concrete is not slip-formed, an approved Clas s HPD concrete mix shall be used instead of Class P. The Contractor shall mix and place all concrete in accordance with Section 510.3, “Construction Requirements” exc ept for Subsection 510.3.5.5, “P rice Adjustments.” The Contractor shall use a concrete mix that has been approved for use in the Freeze-Thaw zone, as defined in Section 509.2.7.4, “ Freeze-Thaw Risk Zones” in wh ich the Project is located. The Contractor shall keep a copy of the approved mix design av ailable on the jobsite when using the concrete mix.

450.3.2 Equipment

450.3.2 1 Batching Plant

The Contractor shall Use batching plants and Equipment that meet the requirements of Section 510.3.2.1, “Batching Plant.”

450.3.2 2 Mixers

The Contractor shall use mixers that meet the requirements of Section 510.3.2.6, "Mixing." Section 450: Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (PCCP) (QLA) Page 236

450.3.2 3 Transporting

The Contractor shall use truck mixers, truck agitators or non- agitating trucks that comply with Section 510.3.2, “Transporting.”

450.3.2 4 Slip-Form Paver

The Contractor shall place the concrete with an approved slip- form paver designed to spread, consolidate screed, float, and finish the concrete in o ne (1) complete pass to create a dense and homogeneous pavement. Minim ize the use of hand finis hing. The vibrators of the slip-form paver must be located behind th e auger. The Contractor shall not use pavers with vibrators in front of the auger. The Contractor shall equip slip-form pavers with internal vibr ators that meet or exceed the following Specifications at 8 ,000 cycles per minute (cpm) u nder no-load conditions: 1. Amplitude (peak to peak) = 0.070 inch; and 2. Centrifugal force = 1,200 lb. The Contractor shall equip the slip-form paver with an electro nic monitoring device capable of the following: 1. Displaying the operating freq uency of each internal vibrator ; and 2. Continuously recording at a minimum the following: a. Time of Day, b. Station location, c. Paver track speed, and d. Operating frequency of each vibrator. The Contractor shall store all information captured by the ele ctronic monitoring system throughout the Project. This information is to be used only fo r Project information by the Department and will be provided to the Project Manager at his r equest during the course of the Project and at the completion of the Project. The Contractor shall position the vibrators no further apart t han the manufacturer’s recommendations for horizontal spacing of the vibrators; but do not exceed 18 inches, center- to-center. The Contractor shall ensure that the space from the outer edge of the pavement to the center of the outside vibrator does not exceed nine (9) inc hes, or ½ the maximum recommended spacing, whichever is less.

450.3.2 5 Concrete Jointing Equipment

The Contractor shall provide enough sawing Equipment to comple te the Work within the allotted time. The Contractor may use a water-cooled diamond e dge saw blade, or an “early entry dry cut” type with a skid plate, as defined by ACI 302. The Contractor shall provide at least one (1) additional saw in good working order. The Contra ctor shall keep an ample supply of saw blades (and skid plates, if the "early entry dry cut" saws are used) at the Work site during sawing operations.

450.3.2 6 Curing Compound Application Equipment

Section 450: Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (PCCP) (QLA) Page 237 The Contractor shall apply curing compounds with Equipment tha t uses a pressure tank or pump. The Contractor shall ensure that the Equipment has a feed tank agitator that provides continuous agitation of the compound during spraying o perations. The Contractor shall use a nozzle that contains enough air to thoroughly atomi ze the compound.

450.3.3 Operations

For slip-form paving, the Contractor shall construct a padline of sufficient width and stability to accommodate the slip-form paving Equipment. The Contractor shall provide enough lateral support to constru ct the section in accordance with the Contract. The Contractor shall maintain th e smoothness and compaction of the Base Course in the specified condition until the concret e placement is completed. The Contractor shall moisten untreated aggregate base layer, if use d, before paving standing water will not be allowed. The Contractor shall control the paver alignment and grade by using a string line pulled from pin to pin in front of the paver at intervals not greater than 25 feet, or by automatic machine control (stringless system).

450.3.3 1 Handling, Measuring, Batching, and Mixing Materials

The Contractor shall handle, measure, batch, and mix the Mater ials in accordance with Section 510, "Portland Cement Concrete." The maximum mixing ti me for either truck mixers or non-agitating mixers is specif ied in Section 510.3.4.2, “Mix ing Time."

450.3.3 2 Placing, Spreading, and Consolidating Concrete

The Contractor shall place concrete with the specified thickne ss along the full width of the lane or area being paved. The Contractor shall prevent segrega tion and minimize redistribution. The Contractor shall place the concrete contin uously between transverse joints without using intermediate bulkheads. When using dowel baskets, the Contractor shall not end-dump th e concrete directly onto the dowel baskets. The Contractor may use end-dumps to transfe r the concrete to the Equipment designed to place it completely across the grade. Th e Contractor shall not windrow the concrete. When placing concrete adjacent t o a newly constructed PCCP lan e, the Contractor shall not operate Equipment or traffic on the lane until the concrete has achieved a compressive strength of at least 3,000 psi, as determined by the Maturity M ethod, as described in Section

510.3.5 2, "In-Place Concrete Strength Measurements."

When working on existing pavement, the Contractor shall use Eq uipment with protective pads on crawler tracks or rubber-t ire wheels. The Contractor s hall set the crawler tracks or rubber-tire wheels far enough from the pavement edge to prevent damage to the pavement. The Contractor shall receive delivery tickets, monitor and mai ntain yield to achieve the minimum required thickness. Copy of tickets shall be delivered to NMDOT at the end of each Days paving. Additional concrete Material sha ll be placed at locations of g rade adjustments and irregularities as approved by NMDOT. Section 450: Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (PCCP) (QLA) Page 238 450.3.3.2.1 Slip-Form Paving The Contractor shall use a slip-form paver that complies with Section 450.3.2.4, “Slip- Form Paver” to distribute the c oncrete uniformly. The Contract or shall vibrate the full width and depth of the concrete to consolidate the concrete without c ausing segregation. The Contractor shall ensure that the vibration produces uniform con crete that will stand normal to the surface with sharp well-defined edges. The Contractor shall coordinate concrete mixing, delivering, a nd spreading operations in order to provide uniform progress and to minimize stopping and starting of the paver. If it is necessary to stop the paver, the Contractor shall also stop the vibratory and tamping elements immediately. The Contractor shall not apply external tractive force to the machine; the machine must be propelled only by its own mechanisms. 450.3.3.2.2 Other Paving For paving operations that are not slip-formed, the Contractor will place Class HPD concrete between stationary side forms. The Contractor shall c onsolidate the concrete by internal vibration and finish it to the required surface smooth ness using the hand-float method or other suitable means. The Cont ractor shall cure the concret e with approved methods. The Contractor shall leave wood or metal forms in place at lea st 12 hours after placing the concrete. If necessary, the Contractor shall take addition al efforts to prevent thermal cracking of the concrete. The Contractor shall clean and oil t he forms each time they are used. The Contractor shall apply a curing compound to the conc rete surfaces exposed by removal of the forms immediately after removing the forms. The Contractor shall check the form’s alignment and grade elev ations and make the necessary corrections before plac ing the concrete. If a form i s disturbed or if the Base Course under a form becomes unstable, the Contractor shall reset and r echeck the form, as directed by the Project Manager.

450.3.3 3 Temperature and Weather Limitations

Temperature and weather limitations are defined in Section 511 .3.4, "Temperature and Weather Limitations." The Contractor shall keep the concrete t emperature between 50 °F to 90 °F at the time of placement. For cold weather placement ref er to Section 511.3.3.1, “Cold Weather Concrete.” The Contractor shall provide the Project Ma nager with Hot Weather and Cold Weather Concrete Placement and Curing Plan(s) in accordanc e with Section 51.3.4, “Temperature and Weather Limitations” for review and approval b y the State Concrete Engineer.

450.3.3 4 Rate of Evaporation Limitations

The Contractor shall continuously monitor the evaporation pote ntial at a height not to exceed five (5) ft above the surface of the concrete as determi ned from Figure 511.3.4.3:1, "Surface Evaporation from Concrete" at the actual placement loc ation. Computerized Equipment furnished by the Contractor must have the capability to automatically take the required readings. Readings shall be taken at least once every five (5) minutes beginning at least 15 minutes before the pl acement begins and continuing unt il the final application of the curing compound has been completed. All readings shall be grap hically plotted on a continuous time scale. The Contractor shall not place (or continue to place) PCCP if the average evaporation potential over any ten (10) minute period of time is greater th an 0.2 lb per square ft per hour. Section 450: Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (PCCP) (QLA) Page 239 If the evaporation exceeds the 0.15 lb per square foot per hour , one (1) or more of the following actions shall be implemented to reduce the rate of ev aporation, as approved by the Project Manager: 1. The Contractor shall use an evaporation retarder (If used, t his cannot be used as a finishing aid). 2. The Contractor shall erect windbreaks to reduce the wind vel ocity over the concrete surface. 3. The Contractor shall place c oncrete during nighttime or earl y morning hours. 4. The Contractor shall lower the fresh concrete temperature du ring hot weather. This can be accomplished by using cool aggregate and chilled water, by adding ice as part of the mixing water, or by adding liquid nitrogen to the c oncrete mix after all mix ingredients have been placed into the ready mix truck. 5. The Contractor shall increase the relative humidity at the s ite with a fog spray maintained over the entire concrete surface until the final fin ish has been achieved and the curing system has been applied.

450.3.3 5 Change in Atmospheric Conditions

Placement of any PCCP by the Contractor during marginal weathe r placement is at the Contractor’s risk. The Contractor shall repair or replace at n o additional cost to the Department any concrete that is determined by the Assistant Dis trict Engineer (Construction) to be damaged due to weather conditions.

450.3.4 Joints

The Contractor shall submit the proposed joint layout plan in .pdf format to the Project Manager, State Pavement Engineer, and the State Materials Burea u for review and approval at least four (4) weeks before st arting concrete slab construct ion. The proposed joint layout plan shall have the lane markings clearly depicted. Attempts s hall be made in the submitted jointing plan for mainline pavin g not to place longitudinal joi nts in the wheel path. After receiving the recommendations and/ or responses from the State P avement Engineer and from the State Materials Bureau the Project Manager will either appr ove or reject the submittal within ten (10) Working Days from the date of submittal. The Contractor shall construct joints at the locations, interv als, and dimensions shown in the approved joint layout Plan, and seal them in accordance wit h Section 452, "Sealing and Resealing Concrete Pavement Joints." The Contractor shall ensu re no re-entrant corners. For typical slabs, the longitudi nal joint spacing shall not exc eed 12 feet and the transverse joint spacing shall not exceed 15 feet. The Contractor shall avoid taper joints if possible. If a tape red joint is formed, the Contractor shall place a control joint at: 1. One-half the distance between the end of the taper and the o pposite end, if the baseleg is less than or equal to ten (10) ft and longer than fi ve (5) ft; or 2. Third points along the bas e leg, if the base leg is longer t han ten (10) ft. Additional Jointing Guidance: 1. No slabs will have angl es less than 60 degrees. 2. Joints shall be “dog-legged” through curve radius points. D og leg should be at least 24 inches in length to the radius point. 3. The Contractor shall constr uct joint faces perpendicular to the PCCP surface. Section 450: Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (PCCP) (QLA) Page 240 The Contractor shall install dowels at any joints added to con trol cracking in exactly the same way as the standard joints. The Contractor shall construct transverse and longitudinal con traction joints by inserting control joints while the concrete is still plastic or by sawing the freshly hardened concrete as soon as possible after placing it. The Contractor shall make t he initial sawcut at least one third the pavement depth. The Contractor shall not allow the saw to cut so deep that any reinforcement is damaged. The Contractor shall saw joints in a sequence and with a timin g that will eliminate the possibility of uncontrolled cracking. Time to cut longitudinal and transverse joints is to be determ ined by the Contractor. Approval of jointing Plan by NMDOT does not absolve the Contrac tor from responsibility of PCCP panels containing uncontroll ed cracks. The Project shall not be granted Substantial Completion until all panels containing cracks have been removed and replaced. The Contractor shall make transverse contraction and longitudi nal joints in two (2) phases. The Contractor shall make the initial saw cut or inser ted joint wide enough and deep enough to ensure that a sufficiently weakened cross-section exi sts, but not less than 1/3 the thickness of the concrete. The Contractor shall make the secon d sealant reservoir-shaping saw cut in accordance with the details shown in the Plans. The Contractor shall not damage the steel reinforcement with any saw cut. The Contractor shall saw joints sequentially. However, the Co ntractor may saw control transverse joints at intervals shown in the Contract, or at int ervals that will most effectively minimize the possibility o f uncontrolled cracking. If necessary, the Contractor shall perform the sawing operatio ns day and night, regardless of weather conditions. The Contractor shall not saw a joint if a crack occurs at or near the joint location before sawing. The Contractor shall im mediately discontinue sawing of a joint when a crack develops ahead of the saw. The Contractor shall install dow els at transverse construction joints. The Contractor shall construct transverse contraction joints b y sawing the freshly hardened concrete as soon as possible after placement. The Con tractor shall make the saw cut at least one third (1/3) the pavement depth as shown on the typical drawing included in the Project documents, or 1 ¼ inch depth for early entry sawing. T he Contractor shall not allow the saw to cut so deep as to damage any reinforcement. All PCCP panels containing full-depth uncontrolled cracks shal l be removed and replaced at no additional cost or time to the Department. The Project s hall not be granted Substantial Completion until all panels containing full-depth cracks have b een removed and replaced. The Contractor shall change saw blades (and skid plates, when using the early entry dry cut saws) as often as required to control and minimize spalling . The Contractor shall maintain a sufficient supply of replacement saw blades and skid plates a t the Project site to insure that the sawing operations will proceed without interruption until c ompleted.

450.3.4 1 Longitudinal Joints

The Contractor shall place tie bars in accordance with the cur rent NMDOT Standard Drawings, perpendicular to the longitudinal joints using approv ed Equipment, or secure the Section 450: Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (PCCP) (QLA) Page 241 joints with chairs or baskets. The Contractor shall not place tie bars within 15 inches of transverse joints. The combined width of all concrete slabs tied together in any one (1) placement shall not be more than 40 feet. The Contractor shall use straight full-length tie bars, a two (2) part threaded tie bar and splice coupler system, or bent the tie bars. The Contractor sh all only bend tie bars made of Grade 420 steel. The C ontractor shall bend ti e bars at right a ngles against the form of the first lane constructed and then straight en them into final position b efore placing the concrete of the adjacent lane. If construction of PCCP abuts ex isting pavement, the Contracto r shall drill the holes at mid-depth of the thinner slab. The Contractor shall drill the face of the existing PCCP to accept half of the tie bar length. The Contractor shall ensure that the drill holes are a diameter that allows easy insertion of the tie bar but minimizes the req uirement for grout or epoxy anchor Materials. The Contractor shall construct joints with t ie bars as shown on the Plans.

450.3.4 2 Transverse Joints

The Contractor shall construct transverse contraction joints w ith load transfer devices (dowels). The Contractor shall hold dowels in position paralle l to the surface and centerline of the slab with chairs or other approved supports as approved by the Project Manager. The Contractor shall submit shop drawings of the welded dowel assem blies to the Project Manager for approval by State Pavement Engineer. The Contractor shall not place concrete until the Department approves the welded dowel assemblies. Dowel bars shall be installed within the tolerances and of the size, grade and spacing specified. Horizontal support wi res or shipping braces shall b e non-deformed bars or wires with a diameter less than or equal to 0.307 inches (gauge 0 wir e). The number of horizontal support wires or shipping braces shall be limited to a maximum of five (5) per assembly. The center of the dowel assembly or insertion location shall be mar ked on both sides of the pavement slab for reference in sawing the joint. Dowel bars sh all be furnished in a rigid welded assembly or, when the Contractor demonstrates that the p lacement can be made within required tolerances, placed by a dowel insertion machine . Assembly should be securely fastened to the Base/Subbase and constructed to firmly hold all the centerline of all dowel bars at T/2 depth with a minimum of three (3) inches cove r, parallel to each other and to the pavement grade and alignment. See Detail indicated in the Contract Plans or standard Plan serials for the applicable section.

450.3.4 2.1 Individual Dowel Placement Tolerances

 Horizontal Skew (Rotational Alignment) = 1 ½” inches  Vertical Tilt (Rotational Alignment) = 1 ½” inches  Horizontal Translation = Two (2) inches  Vertical Translation (Depth) = One (1) inch  Longitudinal Translation = Three (3) inches Section 450: Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (PCCP) (QLA) Page 242  Horizontal Skew – The deviation of the dowel bar from true par allel alignment from the edge of the pavement, measured over the entire length of th e dowel bar .  Vertical Tilt – The deviation of the dowel bar from true paral lel alignment from the surface of the pavement, measured over the entire length of the dowel bar.  Alignment – The degree to which a dowel bar aligns true (e.g., parallel) to the horizontal and vertical planes of the pavement.  Misalignment – Any deviation in either the horizontal or verti cal plane from a true alignment condition (e.g., horizont al skew or vertical tilt).  Mislocation – Any deviation of the dowel bar from its planned location other than misalignment. The Contractor is responsible for ensuring that the dowels rema in properly aligned and in the proper locations before and during the placing procedure. The Contractor shall not cut the tie wires holding the baskets toget her before placing the concr ete. The Contractor shall thoroughly and uniformly coat each dowel a nd each tie wire along its full length with an approved form release agent not more than t welve (12) hours before concrete placement. The Contractor shall not use grease to lub ricate the dowels. If the concrete placement is postponed or Delayed; the dowels will be re-coated. Ground Penetrating Radar equip ped with dual side-by-side antenn as or approved equal by the Project Manager and State Concrete Engineer can be used for all embedded steel reinforcement. Magnetic Tomography (i.e. MIT Scan 2) may be ut ilized. Regardless of the equipment used, the results from the nondestructive testing sha ll be confirmed by drilling or coring for at least three (3) dowel bars within the first 120 l inear feet of paving.

450.3.4 2.2 Joint Score

Section 450: Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (PCCP) (QLA) Page 243 The Joint Score is the means of assessing locking potential. The Joint Score is evaluated for a single transvers e joint between adjacent longit udinal joints and/or pavement edges. Table 450.3.4.2.2:1 WEIGHTING FACTORS USED TO DETERMINE JOINT SCORE Range of Rotational Misalignment Weight < 0.6 in. 0 ≥ 0.6 in and < 0.8 in. 2 ≥ 0.8 in and < 1 in. 4 ≥ 1 in 5 Joint Rejection Criteria: 1. Any joint with a Joint Score greater than ten (10) is consid ered rejected. An individual joint may be allowed if the two (2) longitudinally adjacent joints ea ch have a joint score less than or equal to ten (10). 2. Any joint that does not have at least three (3) acceptable d owel bars in each wheel path.

450.3.4 2.3 Individual Dowel Bar Rejection Criteria

Rotational Alignment (Vertical Tilt and Horizontal Skew):  Any bar with a misalignment greater than 1.5 inches. Longitudinal Translation:  Any bar with a mislocation greater than three (3) inches.  Any bar that is not embedded at l east six (6) inches on each s ide of the joint. Vertical Translation (Depth):  Any bar within the top three (3) inches of the pavement or at a depth less than the saw-cut depth.  Any bar within the bottom three (3) inches of the pavement.  Any bar with a mislocation of greater than one (1) inch. Horizontal Translation:  Any bar with a mislocation of greater than two (2) inches. When rigid assemblies are used to install dowel bars and the b ars are rejected for depth, the Contractor may core the pavement to verify the MIT 2 Scan d epth results.

450.3.4 2.4 Dowel Bar Corrective Measures

The following corrective measures will be allowed for the bars or joints that are rejected:  Rotational Misalignment: o Saw-cut the misaligned bars. Joints with less than three (3) un-cut bars in each wheel path will require the addition of dowel bars using a n approved dowel bar retrofit method. Section 450: Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (PCCP) (QLA) Page 244  Longitudinal and Horiz ontal Mislocation: o Addition of dowel bars using an approved dowel bar retrofit me thod.  Depth: o Inadequate cover above the bar - Remove the bar and install a replacement bar using an approved dowel bar retrofit method . o Inadequate cover below the bar - Addition of dowel bars using an approved dowel bar retrofit method .  Missing Dowel Bars: o Addition of dowel bars using an approved dowel bar retrofit me thod. Retrofitted dowel bars shall not exceed the dowel bar rejectio n criteria. In addition to the above procedures, the Contractor may propos e removal and replacement of the affected slabs. The Contractor shall submit the method of repair to the Projec t Manager for approval. The Contractor shall demonstrate his ability to place dowel ba rs in conformance with the specifications by plac ement of a test section. The test section shall be a minimum of 120 feet in length. Up on completion of the test section, the Contractor shall shut down paving operations. Dur ing the shutdown period, the Contractor shall evaluate all joints in the test section using the Ground Penetrating Radar, analyze the results and submit the results to the Project Manag er. Paving operations shall not be restarted until the Project Manager approves the test sectio n results. The test section will be found acceptable if 85% of the dowel bars placed are found t o be within the acceptable tolerances stated in the reject ion criteria. All dowel bars ex ceeding the Rejection Criteria must be addressed using the abov e corrective measures. If the Project has less than 500 linear feet of pavement, the test section will not be required. If a Project does not h ave sections of continuous pa vement greater than 45 linear feet, the test section will not be required. Upon completion of the test section(s) and for each week of pr oduction, the Contractor shall prepare an electronic report generated using MagnoProof o r equivalent software and submit it to the Project Manager at the start of each working w eek during production for the previous week’s Work. All data shall be submitted in the manuf acturer’s native file format, along with the calibration files. The electronic report shall include the following: 1. Control number, date, highway number and direction of traffi c. 2. Joint number, lane number and station. 3. Bar number and x-location of dowel bar. 4. Horizontal and vertical misal ignment of each bar in inches. 5. Overall misalignment of each bar in inches of each bar. 6. Side shift of each bar in inches. 7. Depth to center of each bar in inches. 8. Joint Score. Section 450: Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (PCCP) (QLA) Page 245 9. All measurements exceeding the rejection criteria shall be h ighlighted in red. In addition to the electronic report provide all information r equired in the report as listed above on the final joint layout plan and provide to the Project Manager for Final Acceptance of the PCCP. Due to potential magnetic interference from tie bars, dowel ba rs located within 15 inches of a tied joint shall not be included in the evaluation. When the test section is found to be unacceptable, the Contrac tor shall perform corrective actions and place a second test section. If the sec ond test section is found to be unacceptable, the Contractor shall pave no more than 500 feet p er day until an acceptable test section has been achieved. Once a test section is successfully completed, Dowel Bar Place ment testing frequency shall be a minimum of one (1) location per 1,250 linear feet of each continuous lane including climbing lanes, passing lanes, a cceleration and deceleration la nes and ramps or at the discretion of the Project Manager . Sections greater than 45 li near feet and less than 1,250 linear feet require a minimum of one (1) test location. Testin g locations shall be determined by a random procedure so that each area has a randomly selected tr ansverse joint location. At each location, five (5) consecut ive joints shall be tested. Sections of continuous pavemen t constructed less than 45 linea r feet will not require Dowel Bar Placement Testing. When any joint score is greater than ten (10) or any one (1) b ar in a single joint exceeds the rejection criteria, joints s hall be tested in each directio n from the rejected joint, until two (2) consecutive joints in each direction are found to be within the rejection criteria. All Delays or costs associated with dowel bar rejection will n ot be paid for by the Department. The Contractor will be responsible for providing the appropria te equipment and qualified personnel to provide the specified tests and reports to the Pro ject Manager. This work will be incidental to concrete pavement.

450.3.5 Finishing

After the concrete has been discharged from the truck, no addi tional water will be added to the concrete. The Contractor shall provide a final surface finish that compl ies with the Project requirements for MRI, measured in accordance with Section 401, “Pavement Smoothness Measurement.” The Contractor shall correct pavement edge slumping (exclusive of specified edging) in excess of ¼ inch before the concrete hardens. If edge slump ex ceeds ¼ inch within ten (10) ft, or less, of hardened concrete, replace the entire panel bet ween the transverse and longitudinal joints. Before the concrete’s initial set, the Contractor shall work t he edges and joints with the appropriate tools to produce a well-defined and continuous radi us with a smooth and dense mortar finish that is not segregated nor prematurely sealed. T he Contractor shall minimize disturbance of the slab surface during finishing operations. I t is the Contractor’s responsibility not to over-work the surface of the fresh concrete. Any plasti c shrinkage cracks that occur Section 450: Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (PCCP) (QLA) Page 246 shall be repaired or replaced at the discretion of the Project Manager at no cost in time or money to the Department. The Contractor shall thoroughly clean the sawed area and, afte r completion of the sawing process. The Contractor shall seal the joint immediately, if r equired by the Project Manager. The Contractor shall give the pavement a final wearing surface by tining or grooving as required in Section 450.3.5.1, “Texturing of PCCP.”

450.3.5 1 Texturing of PCCP

Texturing of PCCP will be longitudinal tining. When tining, the Contractor shall use a mechanical device such as a wire broom or comb having a single row of tines 1/8 inch +/- 1/64 inch width. The depth of groove in the plastic concrete shall be 1/8 inch +/- 1/16 inch. Tining will be Longi tudinal unless otherwise specified in the Contract. Longitudinal Tining: The tines shall be uniformly spaced at ¾ -inch intervals. The Contractor shall use Equipment w ith horizontal and vertical con trols to ensure straight, uniform depth grooves. A two (2) inch to three (3) inch wide strip of pavement surface shall be protected from longitudinal surfa ce grooving for the length of and centered over the longitudinal joints. Transverse Tining: The tines shall be randomly spaced from 3/ 8 inch to 1 5/8 inch with no more than 50% of the spacing exceeding one (1) inch. The Co ntractor shall leave a four

450.3.5 2 Protection of Fresh Concrete

To protect the fresh concrete from unanticipated storm events, the Contractor shall keep enough waterproof sheeting at the placement location to cover t he maximum anticipated Section 450: Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (PCCP) (QLA) Page 247 amount of pavement that can be placed in a three (3) hour perio d. The Contractor shall reserve this sheeting exclusiv ely to protect the pavement.

450.3.5 3 Surfacing Smoothness Requirements

The Contractor shall test the longitudinal smoothness of the P CCP finished surface in each through traffic lane and passing lane with an approved Pro file, in accordance with Section 401, "Pavement Smoothness Measurement." The Department will exclude the following locations from the Pr ofiler measurement (The Contractor shall evaluate them using a straightedge in accordan ce with Section 401, "Pavement Smoothness Measurement."): 1. Shoulders, ramps, tapers, hol ding lanes, turn-outs, Medians, concrete pavement slab removal and replacement Projects, intersections not paved integ rally with the mainline, and other non-mainline pavement.

450.3.5 4 Straightedge Measurements

The Contractor shall measure the surface of PCCP not subject t o Profiler measurements using an approved ten (10) foot straightedge at both right angl es and parallel to the centerline. The Contractor shall correct surface deviations greater than ¼ inch within ten (10) feet.

450.3.6 Curing

For Curing, the Contractor Shall use Method 2 as described in Section 511.3.10.2, “Method 2, Curing Compound” except as amended here. The Contractor shall apply curing compound in accordance with the Manufacturer’s instructions. If the Manufacturer does not specify when applic ation should begin, the Contractor shall apply the curing compound immediately after fi nishing and texturing but no later than 30 minutes. The Contractor shall maintain curing co mpounds in place as specified below until such time as the pavement is to be opened for traff ic or until the concrete has reached 3,000 psi compressive strength, whichever occurs first. The Contractor shall not apply the curing compound in rainy conditions.

450.3.6 1 Application of Curing Compound

The Contractor shall thoroughly mix the membrane forming curin g compound within an hour of use and agitate it during spraying operations. Before placing the curing compound in the spray tank, the Contractor shall thoroughly agitate it with compressed air, or other approved means, until the pigments in the original container ar e uniformly suspended. The Contractor shall not dilute or alter the curing compound in any way. The Contractor shall not use a curing compound that exhibits separation, segregation, or skinning. The Contractor shall apply curing compound to the entire area of the exposed concrete surface with an approved mechanical spray machine. The Contrac tor shall protect the fog spray from the wind with an adequate shield and apply uniformly until it completely covers the entire surface without gaps or openings in the coverage. The C ontractor shall spray the concrete surface uniformly with two (2) coats of approved curin g compound at an individual application rate of not more than 180 sq. ft. per gallon. The Contractor shall apply the first coat within ten (10) minutes after completing texturing operati ons. The Contractor shall apply the second coat within 30 minutes after completing texturing op erations. The Contractor shall immediately reapply the curing compound over any control joints that were cut through previously applied coat ings of curing compound. Section 450: Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (PCCP) (QLA) Page 248 The Contractor shall protect all surfaces covered with curing compound for three (3) Days after application. The Contractor shall re-apply curing compou nd in areas damaged by subsequent work activities. The Contractor shall place the curing compound directly into t he spray tanks from the manufacturer’s original container s bearing the manufacturer’s n ame, brand, and lot number. If, because of cold temperatur e, the curing compound becomes t oo viscous for proper stiffening or application, or if portions of the curing compoun d have been precipitated from solution, the Contractor shall follow the manufacturer’s recomm endations to restore proper fluidity and dispersion. If rain falls on freshly applied curing compound before it has dried enough to resist damage, or if the surface is otherwise damaged, the Contractor shall apply an additional coat of curing compound.

450.3.7 Reserved

450.3.8 Protections from and Opening to Traffic

The Contractor shall protect new pavement against public traff ic and operational and employee traffic. The Contractor shall provide personnel to di rect traffic. The Contractor shall erect and maintain warning signs , lights, pavement Bridges, or crossovers in accordance with the Contract’s traffic control requirements. The Contractor shall not open to traffic for a least three (3) Calendar Days or until the concrete has reached a compressive strength of 3,000 psi as det ermined by the Maturity Method, in accordance with Section 510.3.4.2.2, “In-Place Concr ete Strength Measurements," unless the Project Manager directs otherwise. The Contractor shall clean the pavement of loose Materials and debris before opening to traffic.

450.3.9 Test Strip

The Contractor shall construct a test strip a minimum of 0.1 m ile, but not more than 0.2 mile in length for each CPPC mix design with a minimum of three (3) Contractor and three (3) agency samples to evaluate the process control, and placement o perations. The Contractor shall construct test strip on shoulder, low volume segments of the pavement, or area approved by the Project Manager. The Contractor shall correct and modif y non-complying placement operations and produce necessary process control adjustments. The Contractor shall develop a revised placement method if necessary based on the results of the test strip. Production and placement operations prior to approval of the revised place ment operations are at the Contractor’s risk. The test strip will be evaluated in conformance in accordance with this Section. If accepted, the test strip will have a pay factor of one (1.0). If rejected, said Material shall be handled in accordance with Table 450.3.10.2.1:1, “Acceptance Li mits.” The Contractor shall remove unaccepted test strip Material placed within the Roadway P r i s m a t n o c o s t t o t h e Department. If the Contractor disagrees with removing and repl acing unacceptable Material placed in test strips outside t he Roadway Prism, the Assistant District Engineer for Construction, based on his or her engineering judgment, will de cide if the Material can remain in place with a maximum pay factor of 50%, or shall be removed and replaced at no cost to the Section 450: Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (PCCP) (QLA) Page 249 Department. If the test strip is rejected, the Contractor shal l construct a subsequent test strip. The Contractor shall not proceed to full production until an Ac cepted test strip is produced.

450.3.10 Sampling and Testing

The Contractor shall sample and test the aggregate production and PCC mixture in accordance with Section 902, “Quality Control;” Section 903, “Q uality Assurance;” and Section 906,”Minimum Testing Requirements.” Department personnel may t est locations other than the random locations generated for statistical analysis. These tests will not be used for pay factor determination, but may be used to determine Acceptance o r rejection of localized Material.

450.3.10 1 Contractor Quality Control The Contractor shall administer a Quality Control Plan, referr ed to hereafter as “the Plan”

to provide a product in accordance with the Contract. The Cont ractor shall ensure the Plan conforms to Section 902, "Quality Control." The Contractor sha ll submit the Plan a minimum of two (2) weeks prior to PCCP pre-placement meeting. No PCCP operations are allowed until the Plan has been approved by the Project Manager and Dis trict Lab Supervisor. The Contractor shall ensure the plan addresses all elements tha t affect the quality of the Portland cement concrete paving , including but not limited to: 1. Mix designs; 2. Aggregate production; 3. Quality of components; 4. Stockpile management; 5. Batching; 6. Mixing; 7. Transporting; 8. Placing; 9. Vibration and consolidation; 10. Finishing; 11. Joints; 12. Smoothness; 13. Hot/Cold Weather Placement and Curing Plan(s); 14. Curing method; 15. Thickness; 16. Placement phasing; 17. Rumble strips if required; and 18. Non Destructive Testing Methods (including Project calibrat ion process). The Contractor shall make sure the Plan identifies personnel re sponsible for sampling and testing of PCCP, and how to contact them at any time. The Contractor shall make sure that qualified sampling and testing personnel perform PCCP samp ling and testing in accordance with Section 906, "Minimum Testing Requirements." T he Contractor shall provide at least two (2) qualified technicians, as follows: 1. The Process Control Technician (PCT) is responsible for perf orming inspection, sampling, and testing at the concrete batching facility and at the Contractor’s field Section 450: Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (PCCP) (QLA) Page 250 Laboratory. The PCT shall use Laboratory test results and other Quality Control practices to assure the quality of aggregate sources and other mix components, and adjust and control mix proporti oning to meet the mix designs. T he PCT shall periodically inspect Equipment used in proportioning and mixing to assure its proper operating condition and to assure that the Contractor performs proportioning and mixing in accordance with the mi x design and other requirements . 2. The Quality Control Technici an (QCT) is responsible for insp ection, sampling, and testing at the paving site. The QCT shall assure that the deliv ered Materials comply with the requirements of the Contract. The QCT shall periodical ly inspect Equipment used to transport, place, and fin ish the concrete to assure its proper operating condition, and to assure that the Contractor provides a final c onstructed product in accordance with the Contract. The Plan must coordinate and document the activities of the PCT a n d Q C T . T h i s includes the frequencies for each test, the criteria to reject or correct unsatisfactory Materials, and a description of what corrective actions can be taken, and how and when the actions will be initiated. The Plan will detail the sampling and testing programs, includi ng methods to determine and apply random sampling locations. The Contractor shall perf orm sampling and testing in accordance with Section 906, “Mi nimum Testing Requirements.”

450.3.10 2 Department Quality Assurance

The Department will sample and test the Material on a statisti cally random basis in accordance with Section 903, “Quality Assurance” and Section 90 6, “Minimum Testing Requirements.”

450.3.10 2.1 Acceptance

The Department will ev aluate and Accept Mat erials using Contra ctor and Department test data in accordance with Section 904, “Quality Level Analysis” a nd Section 906, ”Minimum Testing Requirements.” In addition to as indicated above, the thickness of the plasti c concrete shall be determined by the Contractor by taking stab depth measurements during paving at intervals not greater than 100 feet intervals. The recorded depth shall be the average of three (3) depths taken per location and the three (3) locations shall be within 18 inches of one another. The Contactor shall stab and measure at the lane lines. When t he edge of the concrete being placed falls at a lane line; the measurement shall be offset tw o (2) ft from that line. The Contractor shall keep a log (date, before or behind paver, dept h station and offset) of these measurements and provide the NMDOT a copy ever week, unless oth erwise requested. Table 450.3.10.2.1:1 Acceptance Limits Characteristic Specification limits, from TV Entrained air (from the appropriate Freeze/Thaw Risk Zone) ± 1.5% *Target Compressive Strength (From approved mix design) ± 1,000 psi Thickness (From Project Specifications) + 1 inch/-1/4 inch Unless otherwise provided in the Contract, target values for Ac ceptance shall be as follows: Section 450: Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (PCCP) (QLA) Page 251 Table 450.3.10.2.1:1 Acceptance Limits Entrained air Target Air Content for the Freeze/Thaw Risk Zone in which the Project is located Compressive strength Target strength from mix design Thickness Nominal plan thickne ss +1 inch/-1/4 inch *Target Compressive Strength will be the average compressive st rength of the first thirty (30) tests from the Contractor’s QLA testing program. If the Contra ctor’s data does not validate with the departments data, the Target Compressive Strength will be the average of the first ten

450.3.10 3 Independent Assurance Testing

The Department will perform Independent Assurance sampling and testing in accordance with Section 906, “Minimum Testing Requirements.”

450.4 Method of Measurement

The Department will only pay for the average thickness of pave ment in accordance with the Plans. The Department considers dowels, tie bars, joint Materials, an d required coring, including the filling of core holes with concrete, Incidental to the Work in accordance with section 450, “Portland Cement Concrete Pavement .“ The quantities for PCCP will be measured in square yards (Sq Y d) completed and Accepted. The width for measurement will be the width of the p avement shown on the typical cross section of the Plans, including additional wideni ng where called for, or as otherwise directed by the Project Manager in writing. The leng th will be measured horizontally along the centerline of each roadway and ramp.

450.5 Basis of Payment

The Department will adjust the P CCP unit bid price in accordan ce with Section 904, "Quality Level Analysis." The Department will pay for PCCP on a lot-by-lot basis at a price determined by multiplying the unit bid price by the composite p ay factor. The Department will use Table 450.5:1, “Composite Pay Factor,” to calculate the com posite pay factor. Composite Pay factors greater than one (1.0) will be paid for as one (1.0 ). Table 450.5:1 Composite Pay Factors Measured characteristic Factor “f” Entrained air 25 Compressive strength 25 Thickness 25 Dowel bar tolerances 25 Pay Item Pay Unit Concrete Pavement Square Yard

450.5.1 Work Included in Payment

Section 450: Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (PCCP) (QLA) Page 252 The Department will consider as included in the payment for pay item(s) listed in this section and will not measure or pay separately for the followin g Work: 1. Dowels, tie bars, and joint Materials. 2. Mixing, hauling, placement, jointing, texturing, finishing, and curing of concrete pavement. 3. Quality Control in accordance with Section 902, “Quality Con trol.” 4. Required coring and filling core holes with concrete. 5. Providing Mix Design in accor dance with Section 509, “Portland Cement Concrete Mix Designs.” Section 451: Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (PCCP) (Non-QLA) Page 253 SECTION 451: PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT (PCCP) (Non-QLA)

451.1 Description

See Section 450.1, “Description.”

451.2 Materials

See Section 450.2, “Materials.”

451.3 Construction Requirements

451.3.1 Proportioning

See Section 450.3.1, “Proportioning.”

451.3.2 Equipment

See Section 450.3.2, “Equipment.”

451.3.3 Operations

See Section 450.3.3, “Operations.”

451.3.4 Joints

See Section 450.3.4, “Joints.”

451.3.5 Finishing

See Section 450.3.5, “Finishing.”

451.3.6 Curing

See Section 450.3.6, “Curing.”

451.3.7 Grooving of PCCP

See Section 450.3.5.1, “Texturing of PCCP.”

451.3.8 Protection from, and Opening to, Traffic

See Section 450.3.8, “Protection from, and Opening to, Traffic .”

451.3.9 Sampling and Testing

451.3.9 1 Contractor Quality Control

451.3.9 2 Department Quality Assurance

451.3.9 2.1 Acceptance

The Department will Accept the finished pavement, with respect to strength, in accordance with Section 510.3.4.3, “Concrete Sampling and Testi ng.” The Department will Accept the finished pavement, wi th respect to thickness, based on test areas less than Section 451: Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (PCCP) (Non-QLA) Page 254 2,400 yd2 in size, randomly selected by the Project Manager. T he Department will make thickness determinations either using cores located in a random pattern with at least two (2) cores in each test area or by drilling holes greater than ½ inc h diameter completely through the PCCP and determining the thickness from the drilled hole. Core holes shall be filled with self-leveling sealant Material as specified in Section 452, “Se aling and Resealing Concrete Pavement Joints” including round closed-cell bondbreaker as des cribed in Section 452.2.3, “Bondbreaker.” These repairs sha ll be considered Incidental. The Contractor shall complete all corrective Work in accordance with Section 450.3.5.2, “Surf acing Smoothness Requirements,” before the Department determines pavement thickn ess. The Department will Accept test areas when an average of the me asurements is not less than 1/4 inch from the required thickness, and when any measure ment is not less than 3/4 inch from the required thickness. 451.3.9.3 Independent Assurance Testing The Department will perform Independent Assurance sampling and testing in accordance with Section 906, “Minimum Testing Requirements.”

451.4 Method of Measurement

The Department will measure concre te pavement using the dimens ions shown in the Contract or approved modifications.

451.5 Basis of Payment

Pay Item Pay Unit Concrete Pavement __ inch Square Yard The Department will only pay for the average thickness of pavem ent in accordance with the Plans. The Department considers dowels, tie bars, joint Materials, and required coring, including filling the core holes with conc rete, Incidental to the Work in accordance with Section 452, “Sealing and Resealing Concrete Pavement Joints.”

451.5.1 Price Adjustments

451.5.1 1 Thickness

The Department will apply price adjustment for concrete pavemen t with deficient thickness based on a structural engineering analysis conducted by the Department that will determine the percent loss of traffic carrying ability based on the original design ESAL.

451.5.1 2 Strength

See Section 510.3.5.5, “Price Adjustments.”

451.5.1 3 Final Adjustment in Bid Item Unit Price per Lot

When test results allow price adj ustments, the resultant adjust ment will be cumulative.

451.5.2 Work Included in Payment

Section 451: Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (PCCP) (Non-QLA) Page 255 The Department will consider as included in the payment for th e pay item(s) listed in this section and will not measure or pay separately for the followin g Work: 1. Dowels, tie bars, and joint Materials; 2. Mixing, hauling, placement, jointing, texturing, finishing, and curing of concrete pavement; 3. Required coring and filling core holes with concrete; and 4. Providing Mix Design in accordance with Section 509, “Portla nd Cement Concrete Mix Designs.” Section 452: Sealing and Resealing Concrete Pavement Joints Page 256