432 SECTION 614 PILING WALLS
614.1 -DESCRIPTION : This work shall consist of furnishing and placing steel piles in predrilled holes, concrete or grout, backfill and lagging, of the kinds and dimensions designated, in accordance with these provisi ons and in reasonably close conformity with the lines, grades, dimensions, and locations shown on the Plans or established by the Engineer. Painting of the exposed steel is required. Careful attention shall be given to assuring the pile wall be embedded directly into existing stable ground or bedrock. Prior to ordering any materials, the Contractor in conjunction with the Engineer shall conduct a project site review in order to verify the limits of the pile wall.
614.2 -MATERIALS : Materials shall conform to the requirements specified in the following Subsections of
MATERIAL SUBSECTION Fine Aggregate 702.1 Fly Ash 707.4 Portland Cement 701.1 Reinforcing Steel 709.1 Steel Piles and Splices 709.12 Wales 709.12
614.3 -DRILLING : A drilled hole is required for the buried length of the pile. A minimum of ten (10) feet of the pile, is to be placed in bedrock/shale. Deviation from this requirement will be controlled by a Plan note. The total estimated pile lengths and the depths to the estimated bedrock/shale line are shown in the plans. Should the elevation of t he actual bedrock/shale vary from the estimated elevation by more than 2.5 feet, the Engineer must approve the hole prior to placement of the pile. The material from the drilled hole shall be removed and disposed of by the Contractor. Particular care mu st be taken in the drilling operation to avoid deflecting the bit along a sloping bedrock/shale line. To verify proper alignment, the Contractor shall measure and record the vertical alignment of the hole using a plumb bob or other acceptable method. Pil e alignment shall allow direct welding of wale to piles. Preferably, the diameter of the drilled hole shall be a size that will allow the pile, while being slowly lowered into the hole, to reach the bottom of the hole under the impetus of the pile weight. The minimum hole diameter shall be two ( 2) inches larger than the diagonal distance across the pile cross section. Temporary casing of holes may be needed to maintain an open clean hole through the soil overburden. There will be no additional compensation for temporary casing. The cost of any casing used shall be included in the unit price bid for piling.
614.4 -INSTALLATION OF PILES : Piles shall be located as shown on the Plans or as directed by the En gineer. Piles shall be installed with the pile center within one (1) inch of the Plan location. The piles must be prevented from rotating, so that the pile axis is within five (5) degrees of the position shown on the Plans.
433 Boreholes that have collapsed shall be re -drilled or cleaned to the satisfaction of the Engineer. Obstacles that impede the placement of the piles shall be removed. Tapping on the pile(s) to reach its intended tip elevation(s) is prohibited. Driving piles with a hammer is prohibite d unless required in the Plans. It is desirable that piles be installed without splicing; however, at the direction of the Engineer splices may be made. Splice lengths at the top of the piles may be butt welded provided the splice lengths are less than the required splice plates. No pa yment will be made for cut -offs. Welding shall be in accordance with subsection 615.5.7. The drilled hole shall be pumped free of water and shall be reasonably free of fall -in soil or other debris prior to the placement of the concrete or grout. When una ble to remove the water, the concrete or grout shall be pumped or tremied through a pipe beginning at the bottom of the drilled hole. The pipe shall be slowly raised ensuring the pipe end remains at least two ( 2) feet below the surface of the concrete or grout. A means of positively measuring the elevation of the concrete or grout as it is placed shall be provided by the Contractor. After placing the concrete or grout below water table, the Contractor has the option of either pumping or pouring directly into the hole the remainder of the concrete or grout provided the hole can be pumped to remove remaining water. Placing the concrete or grout from the bottom of the hole to the bottom of the lagging shall be accomplished in one continuous operation. Accu rate records shall be maintained by the Contractor showing the depth to which each pile was placed, the plumbness, the amount of material used, depth of bedrock/shale, and any unusual conditions encountered during the pile installation. These records shal l be given to the Engineer at the competition of the project.
614.5 -CONCRETE OR GROUT : Piles will be protected from corrosion and sealed by the placement of concrete or grout, from the bottom of the hole to th e bottom of the lagging or as directed by the Engineer. Vibration of the concrete or grout is not required. The Contractor shall complete all concrete or grout operations within 24 hours of drilling each hole. The Contractor will inform the Engineer, at the preconstruction conference, as to whether grout or concrete will be used. Intermixing of concrete and grout will not be allowed, unless approved by the Engineer. Concrete shall be in accordance with Section 601, Class B. The job site and A -bar testing are waived. Grout shall be furnished, tested and placed in accordance with the requirements specified herein. Quality Control of the grout is the responsibility of the Contractor as designated in Materials Procedure MP 601.03.50. The Contractor shall maintain equipment and qualified personnel, who shall direct all field inspection, sampling, and testing necessary to determine the magnitude of the various properties of the grout governed by the Specifications and shall maintain these properties wi thin the limits of this Specification. The Quality Control Plan designated in MP 601.03.50 shall be submitted to the Engineer at the pre -construction conference. Work shall not begin until the Plan is reviewed for conformance with the contract documents. The required 7 -day compressive strength of the grout shall be a minimum of 1,600 psi. Piling which has been installed with grout which does not attain the 1,600 psi strength in 7 days shall be paid for at a reduced unit price equal to 80% of the unit bi d price for steel pile. The penalty would include the entire length of each pile which has been installed with failing grout. Grout with compressive strength of less than 1,000 psi shall be evaluated by the Engineer as to the adequacy for the use intende d. All grout evaluated as unsatisfactory for the use intended shall be
434 removed and replaced or otherwise corrected by, and at the expense of, the Contractor as required in 105.3. A grout strength test shall consist of testing three six (6) inch x twelve (12) inch cylindrical specimens. The test results shall be the average of the three specimens. A minimum of one set of three specimens shall be made for each day’s operations.
614.6 -PAINTING : All surfaces from the top of the steel pile, down to and including two ( 2.0) feet below the top of the anticipated concrete or grout line shall be cleaned and painted prior to installation. The method of surface preparation shall be hand tool cleaning to SSPC -SP-2. The paint system shall consist of one -coat of epoxy mastic meeting the requirements of 711.12 applied at a minimum dry film thickness of 5 mils (125 μm). If no concrete or grout is required in the Plans, the entire pile shall be painted.
614.7-LAGGING AND BACKFILLING : Lagging of the type and size as specified on the Plans shall be installed between the piles. Timber or steel lagging shall not be use unless otherwise shown in the plans. Back filling and restoration of the roadway template shall be as shown on the Plans. Precast concrete lagging shall be fabricated in accordance with the requirements of MP 604.02.40 and shall have a minimum 28 - day concrete compressive strength of 3,000 psi and an entrained air content of 7% ± 2.5%. Precast concrete lagging shall be used to the maximum exposed height as follows: For exposed heights of up to eight ( 8) feet, six (6) inch (minimum) lagging thickness shall be used. For exposed heights greater tha n eight ( 8) feet and less than sixteen ( 16) feet, eight ( 8) inch
maximum center to center piles spacing of six (6) feet. Other spacings, exposed heights, and mini mum thicknesses shall be allowed as shown on the plans.
614.8 -METHOD OF MEASUREMENT : The quantity of piles will be measured in linear feet of piles installed and accepted for the wall. The quantity of lagging will be measured in square feet installed and accepted as measured by the total area of lagging as measured through all wall elements, without deductions for gaps between lagging, piles, etc.
614.9 -BASIS OF PAYMENT : The quantities will be paid for at the contract unit prices bid for the items listed below, which prices and payments shall be full compensation for furnishing all materials and doing all the work herein prescribed in a workmanlik e and acceptable manner, including all labor, tools, equipment, supplies, and incidentals necessary to complete the work. The cost of drilling, concrete, grout, wales, and painting shall be included in the price bid for the piles. Payment will be made af ter receiving and accepting the record of piling installation as described in Section 614.4.
435 614.10 -PAY ITEMS : ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT 614001 -* “size” Steel Pile Linear Foot 614003 -* Concrete Lagging, Thickness “thickness” Square Foot
* Sequence number
436 SECTION 615 STEEL STRUCTURES
615.1 -GENERAL : 615.1.1 -Description: The work shall consist of furnishing, fabricating, and erecting steel structures and structural steel portions of other structures in accordance with these Specifications, the Special Provisions, and the details shown on the plans. Fabricators of bridges that have welded shop splices shall be certified under the American Institute of Steel Construction’s (AISC) Quality Certification Program “Major Steel Bridges” category. The fabricators of fracture critical members shall be certified as category: “Maj or Steel Bridges” and, in addition, shall possess an “F” endorsement by AISC. Fabrication of grades HPS 50W and HPS 70W steel shall only be performed by fabricators possessing an “F” endorsement. Fabricators of rolled beam bridges shall be certified by A ISC in either the “Major Steel Bridges” category or the “Simple Steel Bridges” category. Ancillary bridge components such as expansion dams, drains, scuppers, and pedestrian handrail may be fabricated in shops that are AISC certified as “Bridge and Highwa y Metal Component Manufacturers.” The fabricator shall provide a quality control plan to the Engineer for approval. This plan shall contain information concerning the fabricator's internal control process. Information concerning the contents of the quality control plan can be found in the FHWA Region Three, Structural Committee for Economic Fabrication's Guidelines for the Development of a Quality Control Plan. The plan shall be approved by the Division prior to the start of fabrication. Structural components designated on the plans or in the special provisions as “fracture critical” shall conform to the provisions of Section 12 of the ANSI/AASHTO/AWS Bridge Welding Code D1.5. Painting shall conform to the provisions of Section 688.
615.1.2 -Notice of Beginning of Work: The Contractor shall give the Engineer a minimum of two weeks notice prior to the beginning of work at the fabrication shop, so that inspection may be provided. No material shall be manufactured, or work done in the shop, befo re the Engineer has been so notified. Prior to beginning work, Engineer and Contractor representatives shall identify individuals who are responsible for the following functions: preparation, submittal, review, approval, and distribution of shop drawings ; submittal and control of material test reports (MTRs). The Engineer will identify individuals or agents responsible for handling shop detail drawings, approving welding procedures, providing quality assurance, and accepting proposed repairs. Before wor k begins a prefabrication meeting may be held at the discretion of the Engineer or if requested by the Fabricator or Contractor.
615.1.3 -Inspection: Structural steel shall be inspected in the fabrication shop. The Contractor shall furnish the Engineer with a copy of all mill orders and shop lists showing heat numbers to be used for each piece. Mill test reports that document the chemical analysis and physical test results for each heat of steel to be used in the work shall also be furnished. Final approval of the material in the shop will not be given until the above data is approved. With the approval of the Engineer, certificates of compliance shall be furnished in lieu of mill test reports for material that normally is not supplied with mill te st reports, and for items