886 715.40.5 : Blank
715.40.6 Raised Pavement Markers (RPM’s): RPM’s include Type P -2 markers, Type
R-4 markers, and Temporary markers.
715.40.6 1 -Type P -2 Markers: This specification covers Type P -2 markers, a type of
plowable, retroreflective, RPM for lane marking and delineation. All references to ASTM specifi cation D4383 herein shall be taken as referencing the D4383 -05 version of this specification.
715.40.6 1.1 -Casting Requirements: The metal castings of Type P -2 markers shall
meet the following requirements:
a.When tested in accordance with the methods an d procedures specified in ASTM D4383, the castings shall meet the Compressive Strength performance requirements of ASTM D4383.
b.When tested in accordance with the methods and procedures specified in ASTM D4383, the “ramps” of the castings shall meet the Har dness performance requirements of ASTM D4383.
c.The installed height of the casting shall not exceed 0.25 in ch above the road surface.
d.The casting shall be manufactured of material specified in ASTM D4383, and shall be hardened to the level specified in ASTM D4383. The castings shall be capable of demonstrating that this hardness level has been achieved when tested in accordance with the methods and procedures specified in ASTM D4383.
e.The plow blade deflecting ramps of the casting shall be angled not more than six (6) degrees to the surface of the road.
f.The ramps of the castings shall be designed such that there shall be no vertical surfa ces above the road level that can be contacted by the plow blade moving in the normal travel direction.
g.In new condition, the surfaces of the casting shall be free of scale, dirt, rust, oil, grease, or any other contaminant which may reduce its bond to the adhesive with which the casting is installed or with which the lens is mounted.
h.The casting shall be designed to be partially recessed below the pavement surface to withstand plow impact. It shall have means for indexing the pavement surface, such as tabs.
i.Castings with center rails shall not be allowed.
j.Castings shall have fully completed testing on the American Association of State and Highway Transportation Officials -National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (AASHTO -NTPEP) test deck in a loca tion having a similar climate to West Virginia. Upon review, the performance of the castings on the test deck shall meet or exceed the historical performance of other industry standard castings approved by the WVDOH. This determination shall be made solely by the WVDOH.
k.Castings shall have been tested by an independent testing facility to the applicable ASTM D4383 specification requirements referenced herein. The castings shall have been sampled as specified in ASTM D4383 and shall meet the applicable specification requir ements, as demonstrated by test results certified and made available by the testing facility. The applicable ASTM D4383 specification requirements referenced herein shall be considered to be parts a), b), and d) of this Section. 887 715.40.6.1.2 -Lens Requir ements: The retroreflective lenses of Type P -2 markers shall meet the following requirements:
a.The coefficient of luminous intensity (RI) of the lenses in new condition shall be not less than the values specified in ASTM D4383 when measured in accordance w ith the procedures and methods specified in ASTM D4383. Coefficient of luminous intensity shall be defined as the ratio of the luminous intensity (I) of the retroreflector in the direction of observation to the illuminance (E) at the retroreflector on a pl ane perpendicular to the direction of the incident light, expressed in candelas per lux (cd/lx).
b.After abrading the lenses in accordance with the procedures and methods specified in ASTM D4383, the coefficient of luminous intensity of the lenses at zero (0 ) degrees entrance angle shall be not less than the values specified in ASTM D4383 when measured in accordance with the procedures and methods specified in ASTM D4383. This requirement shall not apply to red faces of lenses.
c.When illuminated in accordance with ASTM D4383, the color of the lenses shall meet the color requirements of ASTM D4383 when measured in accordance with the procedures and methods specified in ASTM D4383.
d.When impacted in accordance with the methods and procedures specified in ASTM D4383, the lenses shall meet the Lens Impact Strength performance requirements of ASTM D4383.
e.When subjected to temperature cycling in accordance with the methods and procedures specified in ASTM D4383, the lenses shall meet the Temperature Cycling performanc e requirements of ASTM D4383.
f.The lens shall be comprised of materials with adequate chemical, water, and UV resistance for the intended use.
g.The lens width shall be approximately four (4) in ch.
h.The angle between the face of the lens and the base shall be no greater than forty -five
45.degrees.
i.The base of the marker shall be flat within 0.05 in ch. If the bottom of the marker is configurated, the outermost faces of the configurations shall not deviate more than 0.05 inch from a flat surface.
j.The lens shel l, or body, shall be a solid polymer with no fill material. The retroreflective face(s) of the lens shall not be required to be integral with the shell.
k.The retroreflective face(s) of the lens shall be subdivided into multiple “cells” which shall allow un damaged cells to continue to perform unaffected when one or more cells are damaged.
l.The retroreflective technologies incorporated into the retroreflective face(s) of the lens shall be designed such that the lens will provide retroreflectivity when wet.
m.Lenses shall have fully completed testing on the American Association of State and Highway Transportation Officials -National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (AASHTO -NTPEP) test deck in a location having s similar climate to West Virginia. Upon r eview, the performance of the lenses on the test deck shall meet or exceed the historical performance of other industry standard lenses approved by the WVDOH. This determination shall be made solely by the WVDOH.
n.Lenses shall have been tested by an indepe ndent testing facility to the applicable ASTM D4383 specification requirements referenced herein. The lenses shall have been sampled as specified in ASTM D4383 and shall meet the applicable specification requirements, as demonstrated by test results publis hed and certified by the testing 888 facility. The applicable ASTM D4383 specification requirements referenced herein shall be considered to be parts a), b), c), d), and e) of this Section.
715.40.6 1.3 -Adhesive Requirements: Epoxy adhesive shall be used f or applying
Type P -2 markers to the pavement surface. The specific adhesive used shall be an adhesive recommended by the P -2 marker manufacturer and meeting the requirements of ASTM D4383. The adhesive used for adhering the Type P -2 marker lenses in the castings shall be an adhesive recommended by the P -2 marker manufacturer.
715.40.6 1.4 -Product Submission and Approval: Type P-2 marker castings and/or
lenses to be considered for inclusion on the WVDOH Approved Products List (APL) shall be submitted to the Materials Division following the current procedures specified by the Materials Division. The manufacturer may contact the Traffic Engineering Division for verification. The manufacturer should include all relevant documentation and information with this form, including but not limited to Product Data Sheets, Product Flyers, Manufacturer Product Specifications, Product Bulletins, Engineering Drawings, AASHTO -NTPEP test results, and the independent testing facility test results described herein. In addition to the above, the WVDOH may also require that the casting and/or lens product(s) submitted for evaluation be field tested in one or more locations in West Virginia in order to validate the acceptable performance of the product(s). This field testin g shall typically be a minimum of six months to one year in duration including a full winter season. Specific details related to this testing, such as locations and quantities, shall be determined by the WVDOH. All submitted information will be forwarded to the WVDOH Traffic Engineering Division, which will in turn contact and work directly with the manufacturer during the evaluation process. The Traffic Engineering Division will evaluate all submitted literature and documentation for compliance with the s pecified requirements as well as satisfactory performance on the AASHTO -NTPEP test deck. The Traffic Engineering Division may also arrange for the manufacturer to furnish test samples and arrange for the product to be installed for field testing as previou sly described. After the evaluation is complete, the Traffic Engineering Division will inform the Materials Division in writing of the outcome of its evaluation.
715.40.6 2 -Type R -4 Markers: This specification covers Type R -4 markers, a type of
nonplowa ble, retroreflective RPM for nighttime lane marking and delineation. Note, due to the fact that snow plowing operations are necessary throughout the state of West Virginia, Type R -4 markers are not placed such that they will be subjected to direct plowing; rather, the RPM’s are installed in limited locations in conjunction with surface mounted tubular markers in order to be shielded from plowing. All references to ASTM specification D 4280 herein shall be taken as referencing the D 4280 – 08 version of this specification. Type R -4 markers shall meet the following requirements:
a.When tested in accordance with the methods and procedures specified in ASTM D4280, the markers shall meet the Flexural Strength performance requirements of ASTM D4280. 889 b. When tested in accordance with the methods and procedures specified in ASTM D4280, the markers shall meet the Compressive Strength performance requirements of ASTM D4280.
c.The markers shall be comprised of materials with adequate chemical, water, and UV resistance for the intended use.
d.The color of the marker shell shall match the color of the lens of the marker that is not red.
e.The marker height shall not exceed 0.80 in ch.
f.The marker width shall not exceed 5.1 in ch.
g.The base of the marker shall be substantially free from gloss or substances that may reduce its bond to adhesive.
h.The base of the marker shall be flat within 0.05 in ch. If the bottom of the marker is configurated, the protruding faces of the configurations shall not deviate more than 0.05 inch from a plane.
i.The coefficient of luminous intensity (RI) of the marker lenses in new condition shall be not less than the values specified in ASTM D4280 when measured in accordance with the procedures and methods specified in ASTM D4280. Coefficient of luminous intensity shall be defined as the ratio of the luminous intensity (I) of the retroreflector in the direction of observation to the illuminance (E) at the retroreflector on a plane perpendicular to the direction of the incident light, expressed in candelas per lux (cd/lx).
j.After abrading the marker lenses in accordance with the procedures and methods specified in ASTM D4280, the coefficient of luminous intensity of the lenses at zero
0.degree entrance angle shall be not less than the values sp ecified in ASTM D4280 when measured in accordance with the procedures and methods specified in ASTM D4280. This requirement shall not apply to red faces of lenses.
k.When illuminated in accordance with ASTM D4280, the color of the marker lenses shall meet th e color requirements of ASTM D4280 when measured in accordance with the procedures and methods specified in ASTM D4280.
l.When impacted in accordance with the methods and procedures specified in ASTM D4280, the marker lenses shall meet the Lens Impact Streng th performance requirements of ASTM D4280.
m.When subjected to temperature cycling in accordance with the methods and procedures specified in ASTM D4280, the marker lenses shall meet the Temperature Cycling performance requirements of ASTM D4280.
n.The retrore flective face(s) of the lens shall be subdivided into multiple “cells” which shall allow undamaged cells to continue to perform unaffected when one or more cells are damaged.
o.The retroreflective technologies incorporated into the retroreflective face(s) of the lens shall be designed such that the lens will provide retroreflectivity when wet.
p.The angle between the face of the marker lens and the base shall be no greater than forty -five (45) degrees.
q.The markers shall have fully completed testing on the Amer ican Association of State and Highway Transportation Officials -National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (AASHTO -NTPEP) test deck. Upon review, the performance of the markers on the test deck shall meet or exceed the historical performance of oth er industry standard Type R -4 markers approved by the WVDOH. This determination shall be made solely by the WVDOH. 890 r. The markers shall have been tested by an independent testing facility to the applicable ASTM D4280 specification requirements referenced here in. The markers shall have been sampled as specified in ASTM D4280 and shall meet the applicable specification requirements, as demonstrated by test results certified and made available by the testing facility. The applicable ASTM D4280 specification requi rements referenced herein shall be considered to be parts a), b), i), j), k), l), and m) of this Section.
715.40.6 2.1 -Adhesive Requirements: Standard set epoxy adhesive, rapid set epoxy
adhesive, or bituminous adhesive may be used for applying Type R-4 markers to the pavement surface. The specific adhesive used shall be an adhesive recommended by the R- 4 marker manufacturer and meeting the requirements of ASTM D4280 for one of the adhesive types described above.
715.40.6 2.2 -Product Submission an d Approval: Type R -4 markers to be considered
for inclusion on the WVDOH Approved Products List (APL) shall be submitted to the Materials Division following the current procedures specified by the Materials Division. The manufacturer may contact the Traff ic Engineering Division for verification. The manufacturer should include all relevant documentation and information with this form, including but not limited to Product Data Sheets, Product Flyers, Manufacturer Product Specifications, Product Bulletins, E ngineering Drawings, AASHTO -NTPEP test results, and the independent testing facility test results described herein. In addition to the above, the WVDOH may also require that the markers submitted for evaluation be field tested in one or more locations in West Virginia in order to validate the acceptable performance of the product(s). This field testing shall typically be a minimum of six months to one year in duration including a full winter season. Specific details related to this testing, such as locati ons and quantities, shall be determined by the WVDOH. All submitted information will be forwarded to the WVDOH Traffic Engineering Division, which will in turn contact and work directly with the manufacturer during the evaluation process. The Traffic Engi neering Division will evaluate all submitted literature and documentation for compliance with the specified requirements as well as satisfactory performance on the AASHTO -NTPEP test deck. The Traffic Engineering Division may also arrange for the manufactur er to furnish test samples and arrange for the product to be installed for field testing as previously described. After the evaluation is complete, the Traffic Engineering Division will inform the Materials Division in writing of the outcome of its evaluat ion.
715.40.6 3 -Temporary Markers: Temporary markers shall meet the same
requirements as permanent Type R -4 markers, as described in Section 715.40.6.2, with the exception of requirements q) and r). The adhesive used to apply the markers shall meet the requirements of Section
715.40.6 2.1 or, in lieu of adhesives of this type, the Contractor may utilize markers
supplied by the manufacturer with a “peel and stick” pressure sensitive adhesive pad pre - applied to the marker, provided that the surface upon which the marker is to be placed is within the manufacturer’s recommendations for markers incorporating a pre -applied adhesive pad. Markers supplied for temporary application to newly placed asphalt final wearing course surfaces or newly placed concrete surfaces shall be placed using a pre - applied pressure sensitive adhesive pad. 891 Temporary markers are not required to be submitted for review, approval, and placement on an Approved Products List (APL). N o APL shall be maintained for temporary markers. When requested, the Contractor shall submit to the project Engineer a letter of certification from the marker manufacturer certifying that the markers supplied meet the current WVDOH Specifications.
715.41 Impact Attenuators:
All Impact Attenuators and associated components furnished shall be crashworthy when assembled, installed, and utilized in accordance with the device manufacturer’s instructions. Crashworthy shall be defined as meeting all crash testin g performance requirements of MASH at Test Level 2 or 3, as specified in the Plans. This shall include the requirement for detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the device to not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compart ment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone. All Class 1, 2, and 3 approved devices, as described herein, shall be certified by the manufacturer to meet all applicable requirements contained herein. In additio n to requirements contained in the subsections below, this shall include the following:
i.The device shall perform as designed within the following parameters pertaining to the approach areas to the device. The approach areas shall include the area immediate ly adjacent to the sides of the device, an area extending fifty (50) f eet in front of the device for front approach impacts, and an area extending fifty (50) f eet to the rear of the device for rear approach impacts:
a.Maximum six (6) inch high mountable curb a minimum of eight (8) feet outside of the near face of the device when operating speeds are less than forty -five (45) MPH.
b.Maximum four (4) inch high mountable curb a minimum of thirteen (13) feet outside of the near face of the device when operating sp eeds are forty -five (45) to fifty (50) MPH.
c.No curb when operating speeds are greater than fifty (50) MPH.
d.Lateral slope 1V:10H or flatter. Lateral slope at the placement location of the device 1V:12H or flatter. ii. All components shall be designed, treated , and/or protected to insure long term durability and as -designed performance of the device in all varieties of environmental conditions expected within the State and from deterioration from UV rays. This shall include all metal components, steel cables, c onnection hardware, crushable materials and containers for such, hydraulic fluid, piston seals, etc. All steel components shall be galvanized. Except as otherwise allowed for in the herein, all Impact Attenuators furnished shall be listed on the Divisio n’s Approved Products List (APL) “Impact Attenuators – MASH”. Impact Attenuators to be furnished shall be defined in the Plans by Class, MASH Test Level, and/or Design Width as further described herein or within Sections 636 and/or 664, with these characte ristics of each device noted on the APL.
715.41.1 Class 1 Impact Attenuator: Class 1 Impact Attenuators shall be non -gating
Impact Attenuators installed on a concrete pad or bridge deck meeting the manufacturers requirements for permanent applications, or concrete pad, bridge deck, asphalt, base stone, or combination thereof meeting the manufacturers requirements for temporary or emergency applications. Class 1 Impact Attenuators shall be designed to be repairable after impacts within the parameters of those required in MASH, with a substantial portion of the device components being reusable.
Source: West Virginia Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2023 Edition. Pages 908–913 of 1,006.