216Seeding, Fertilizer, and Sodding

Seeding, Fertilizer, and Sodding

216.1DESCRIPTION

1 This section describes the requirements for soil preparation, furnishing and spreading fertilizers, furnishing and drilling or broadcasting seed, mulching, and furnishing and placing sod.

216.2MATERIALS

1 Provide materials in accordance with the following:

Materials

Subsection Coconut Fiber Ditch Lining 806.4 Erosion Control Blanket 806.4 Erosion Control Netting 806.6 Grass Seed and Fertilizer 806.1 Mulch, Straw, or Hay 806.2 Mulch Tack 806.7 Sod 806.3 U-pin staples 806.4

216.3EQUIPMENT

216.3.1 Hydraulic

1 For mixing and slurry application, use hydraulic equipment with built-in agitators to keep the various combinations of seed, fertilizer , mulch, mulch tack (when specified), and water mixed homogeneously until pumped. For pumping, ensure a pressure adequate to maintain a continuous, nonfluctuating slurry stream. Provide sprayers equipped with nozzles and hose extensions adequate to obtain a uniform slurry application.

2 Apply mulch tack type AR with a hydraulic seeder capable of producing a coarse spray and calibrated to the specified application rate.

3 Mix mulch tack types MC and GU in a hydraulic seeder equipped with a mechanical agitation system. Use the smallest nozzle available for the equipment in use to ensure accurate distribution. 216.3.2 Dry Mulch

1 Use equipment that does not pulverize or excessively shorten the individual stems of the mulch. After spreading, anchor the mulch in the soil with blunt - notched disks or

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scalloped rollers manufactured specifically for crimping mulch. Do not use sharpened, smooth disk harrows.

216.3.3 Seed Drills

1 Set drills to produce uniform rows no more than 8 in [200 mm] apart. Equip with a positive means for calibration to ensure seed distribution at the specified rate.

216.4CONSTRUCTION

216.4.1 General

1 Perform and complete seeding between the time frost leaves the ground in the spring and June 15, or between September 1 and before frost enters the ground in the fall . Complete seeding in stages as the grading and topsoil work are completed. If the weather conditions are favorable, the engineer can extend the spring seeding date to June 30 and start the fall window on August 15. If at least half the project is above 7000 feet in elevation, there will be no restrictions on seeding in the summer.

2 Do not begin or continue reclamation when the wind speed exceeds 20 mph [32 km/h] or there is frost in the ground.

3 Before seeding, complete slopes to the specified line and grade. Spread topsoil uniformly on prepared slopes in accordance with Section 207, Topsoil. Scarify or disc- harrow horizontally the entire seed bed to a depth of approximately 6 in [150 mm], leaving definite furrows and the topsoil in an uncompacted, workable condition for seeding. Leave steep slopes that cannot be scarified in a rough condition similar to scarification.

4 Repair damage to prepared slopes or replace lost material resulting from delays in the work activities, at no additional cost to the department.

5 Coordinate other work, such as fencing, with seeding operations.

6 Spread fertilizer uniformly before seeding, except in locations where hydraulic seeding or hydraulic mulching is specified. Use a method that will not contaminate adjacent surface waters. Apply seed by drilling or broadcasting, followed by mulching.

7 When specified, spread type V fertilizer uniformly and mix into the upper 4 in [100 mm] of topsoil using a disc or other suitable equipment.

8 Within the specified clear zone, remove newly exposed rocks that have diameters greater than 3 in [75 mm].

9 Protect reclaimed areas from damage by construction equipment. Repair areas damaged by traffic or construction equipment, at no additional cost to the department.

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216.4.2 Seeding

216.4.2.1 General

1 If requested by the engineer, have seed on the project and available for testing 15 working days before seeding operations begin.

216.4.2.2 Drilling

1 Maintain specified drilling depths for the seeds planted. When the depth is not specified, follow the seed supplier’s recommendation.

216.4.2.3 Broadcasting

1 Broadcast seed only where drilling will not be safe or effective. Scarify areas for seed broadcasting in accordance with Subsection 216.4.1, Seeding, Fertilizer, and Sodding, Construction, General. Apply seed at 1½ times the rate specified for areas seeded by drilling. Distribute seed uniformly using mechanical or hydraulic broadcasting devices, then cover by raking or chain- dragging the ground; wherever practical, drag on the contour.

216.4.2.4 Hydraulic Seeding

1 Perform hydraulic seeding as follows:

and water. When the tank is at least one-third full of water, add the mulch and remaining water while agitating continuously to maintain homogeneity. When the tank is full of water, add seed. Continue mixing at least five minutes before applying the slurry. Do not add seed before mulch.

with Subsection 216.4.1, Seeding, Fertilizer, and Sodding, Construction, General.

4.1Mix seed, water, and approximately 100 lb/acre [100 kg/ha] of hydraulic

mulch, and apply the mixture uniformly.

4.2Before the

final mulch application, cover seed with approximately ¼ in to ½ in [6 mm to 12 mm] of soil on slopes 1V:2H or flatter. The seed may be covered by dragging with a log chain, chain harrow, or other appropriate mechanical means.

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4.3W ithin 48 hours of the completion of seeding, mix the remaining hydraulic

mulch (specified amount less the 100 lb/acre [100 kg/ha] used in Step 4.1. above), fertilizer, and mulch tack with water, and apply the mixture uniformly.

216.4.3 Hydraulic Mulching

1 Perform hydraulic mulching within 48 hours after the completion of seeding. Mix the hydraulic mulch, fertilizer, and mulch tack with water, and apply the mixture uniformly.

216.4.4 Sodding

1 Provide machine-cut sod strips with an adhering soil layer from ⅜ in to 1 in [10 mm to 25 mm] thick. Do not install sod that has dried, has a soil layer that breaks, tears or crumbles, or was cut more than 36 hours previously. Keep sod rolls moist and protected from the sun and wind by tarpaulins or shade cloth.

2 Before sodding, ensure the presence of uniformly graded topsoil layer at least 4 in [100 mm] thick; apply fertilizer at the specified rate. Till topsoil and fertilizer to a depth of 4 in [100 mm]; roll and smooth so that the topsoil is firm but not compacted. Rake to remove stones and debris with diameters lar ger than 1 in [25 mm]. Leave finished grade approximately 2½ in [64 mm] below the top of adjacent curbs and sidewalks. Prior to placing the sod, apply water to the topsoil and fertilizer.

3 Lay sod strips parallel to slope contours and tightly abutted, with the ends staggered to minimize erosion when watering. Water thoroughly. After the water has soaked in, roll the sod to ensure good contact with the topsoil. Regularly water new-lain sod to avoid brown spots and until firmly rooted.

216.

4.5Dry Mulching

1 Spread dry mulch uniformly at the specified rate. Begin application at the top of the slopes, then proceed down the slope.

2 Where steep slopes or other factors prohibit the use of equipment, mulch may be spread by hand or blower and covered with erosion control netting or lightweight erosion control blankets to hold the mulch in place. Do not place mulch that cannot be covered with netting or blankets the same day.

3 Anchor mulch the day of placement and so that at least 25 percent of the stems are vertical after crimping.

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216.4.6 Erosion Control Blankets and Coconut Fiber Ditch Lining

216.4.6.1 General

1 Use erosion control blankets and ditch lining to prevent erosion in borrow ditches, drainages, and roadway slopes.

2 Shape, finish, seed, and fertilize areas as specified before placing erosion control blankets or ditch lining (referred to as “blankets” from here on).

3 Prior to installation, do not expose stored rolls of blanket to moisture.

4 To achieve maximum blanket-to-soil contact, roll out blankets evenly and smoothly without stretching. Unroll blankets with netting on only one side so that the netting is on top.

5 Overlap lengthwise blanket edges at least 2 in [50 mm] and with the direction of prevailing winds to minimize overturning. Embed the non-overlapping ends of the initial blankets in 6 in wide × 6 in deep [150 mm × 150 mm] check slots the full width of the blanket.

6 Staple blankets to the ground using U- shaped, industrial quality, bright, basic wire staples with the following dimensions for the site’s soil conditions, as determined by the engineer:

6 in x 1 in x 6 in [150 mm x 25 mm x 150 mm].

at least 6 in x 1 in x 6 in [150 mm x 25 mm x 150 mm].

x 2 in x 9 in [225 mm x 50 mm x 225 mm].

7 Drive U-pin staples vertically through the material. Use a single staple common to both blankets at overlapped ends and edges. Place centerline and quarterline staples to form a diagonal grid pattern with equidistant staple locations. Drive staples in all corners.

8 After erosion control blankets are installed, backfill, seed, and fertilize check slots as specified.

216.4.6.2 Ditches

1 Unroll blankets in the direction of water flow, extending up side slopes at least 8 in [200 mm] above the projected water line with ends overlapped at least 6 in [150 mm] and the downstream end on top, creating a “shingle effect.” Offset overlapped edges at least 12 in [300 mm] from the centerline of flow in ditch bottoms. In ditches with a flow gradient

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greater than 6 percent, embed the full width of the blankets in check slots placed at intervals from 35 ft to 40 ft [10 m to 12 m].

2 Place staples at intervals of 4 ft [1.2 m] along overlapping lengthwise edges and at intervals of 3 ft [1 m] along overlapping ends and the bottom of check slots. Drive staples along the longitudinal centerline and quarterlines of the blankets at alternating intervals of 4 ft [1.2 m]. Drive additional staples on the side slopes at the projected water line.

216.4.6.3 Slopes

1 Unroll blankets in the direction of water flow with ends overlapped at least 4 in [100 mm] and the uphill blanket on top.

2 On slopes of 1V:2H or steeper, or longer than 300 ft [90 m], staple in accordance with Subsection 216.4.6.2, Ditches. On flatter slopes, drive staples at intervals of 6 ft [1.8 m] along overlapping lengthwise edges and at intervals of 4 ft [1.2m] along overlapping ends and the bottom of check slots. Drive centerline and quarterline staples at alternating intervals of 6 ft [1.8 m].

216.4.7 Erosion Control Netting

1 Seed, fertilize, and mulch areas before placing erosion control netting . Do not crimp straw mulch.

2 Place erosion control netting immediately after mulch.

3 Unroll erosion control netting over mulch and in the direction of water flow.

4 Replace netting damaged after placement, at no additional cost to the department. Overlap adjoining pieces from 2 in [50 mm] to 4 in [100 mm] with the upstream piece on top. Fasten netting with U-pin staples in accordance with Subsection 216.4.6.1, Erosion Control Blankets and Coconut Fiber Ditch Lining, General.

216.

4.8Mulch Tack Type AR

1 Do not apply when rain or snow is forecast within the next 12 hours or when air temperatures are below 35 °F [2 °C] . Do not allow concentrated emulsion or dilute mix to freeze.

2 Mix mulch tack type AR in the following sequence:

Operate at full agitation rate.

same time.

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dilution ratio.

3 Apply the mulch tack to prewetted soil immediately after mixing.

216.4.9 Mulch Tack Type MC

1 Mix mulch tack type MC in the following sequence:

mechanical agitation.

remaining water.

approximately five minutes before application.

2 Apply immediately after mixing.

216.4.10 Mulch Tack Type GU

1 Mix mulch tack type GU in the following sequence:

mechanical agitation.

remaining water. Mix until gumballs are dissolved.

minutes before application.

2 Apply immediately after mixing.

216.5MEASUREMENT and PAYMENT

216.5.1 General

1 The engineer will measure:

by the square yard [square meter] of completed exposed surface area. Overlaps will not be measured.

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seeding or hydraulic mulching, by the pound [kilogram] of available nitrogen.

weight [mass] of the fertilizer less the percentage weight [mass] due to water in the delivered composted manure (as indicated by the laboratory certificate) or by the cubic yard [cubic meter] based on volumetric measurements.

hydraulic mulching, as pounds [kilograms] of available phosphorous.

air-dry weight [mass] of the mulch before the addition of water, fertilizer, mulch tack, and seed. The measurement will include fertilizer, seed, mulch tack, and, unless otherwise specified, water as one payment.

dry weight [mass] of the mulch before the addition of water, fertilizer, and mulch tack. The measurement will include fertilizer, mulch tack, and, unless otherwise specified, water as one payment.

[hectares] treated, except those quantities required for hydraulic seeding or hydraulic mulching. The measurement will include guar-gum powder, wood fiber, fertilizer, and, unless otherwise specified, water as one payment.

which includes seed, fertilizer, and mulch.

mixture, based on the actual ai r-dry weight [mass] of the seed applied. The increased application rate of seed for broadcast- seeding will be measured only on authorized areas. The weight [mass] of seed wasted or used without authorization will be deducted from the measurement.

measured under the respective pay items.

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2 The department will pay as follows:

Pay Item

Pay Unit Measure to the Nearest Pay to the Nearest Coconut Fiber Ditch Lining SY [m2] 0.1 ft [0.1 m2] SY [m2] Dry Mulch TON [t] 0.05 ton [0.5 t] 0.05 TON [0.05 t] Erosion Control Blanket SY [m2] 0.1 ft [0.1 m2] SY [m2] Erosion Control Netting SY [m2] 0.1 ft [0.1 m2] SY [m2] Fertilizer Type____ LB [kg] lb [0.5 kg] LB [0.5 kg] Fertilizer Type V TON, CY [t, m3] 0.05 ton, yd3 [0.05 t, m3]

0.05TON, CY

[0.05 t, m3] Hydraulic Mulching TON [t] 0.05 ton [0.5 t] 0.05 TON [0.05 t] Hydraulic Seeding TON [t] 0.05 ton [0.5 t] 0.05 TON [0.5 t] Mulch Tack Type ____ ACRE [ha] ft [0.5 m] 0.1 ACRE [0.1 ha] Seeding LS, SY [LS, m2] LS, 0.1 ft [LS, 0.05 m] LS, SY [LS, m2] Seeding (PLS) LB [kg] lb [0.5 kg] LB [0.5 kg] Seeding Special (PLS) LB [kg] lb [0.5 kg] LB [0.5 kg] Sodding SY [m2] 0.1 ft [0.1 m] SY [m2]

216.5.2 Referenced Sections for Direct Payment

1 When specified, the engineer will measure and pay for: