509.01 Description.
* Length of Continuous/Simple Span ** Lane, if applicable *** Approximate weight {mass} of structural steel **** If a specific type of bearing plate is required, so designate (Bronze or PTFE) Example: 508 -B Structural Steel Superstructure, 100'- 100'-100' Continuous Span, Left Lane, Approx. 373,100 pounds (SPECIALTY ITEM)
509.01 Description.
This Section shall cover the work of furnishing, preparing, and erection of timber or lumber of the stress values, grade, size, and dimensions designated by the plans or proposal. The timber may be treated or untreated as specified by the plans and may require painting if so specified. It shall also include all structural steel, iron, casting, other metal parts, and all hardware required by the Specifications and plans. The type of preservative used shall be th e type called for in the plans and/or proposal form. Where more than one type of preservative is included in the contract, each type shall be used as indicated by the plans.
509.02 Materials.
All materials shall conform to the appropriate provisions of Div ision 800, Materials. Specific reference is made to Section 833, Lumber and Timber, Untreated and Treated
509.03 Construction Requirements.
a.Handling and Storage . Timber and lumber shall be carefully handled without dropping, breaking of outer fibers, b ruising, or penetrating the outer surface with tools. Tongs, cant hooks, peavys, hooks, pike poles, or other equipment likely to break the surface shall not be used.
b.Workmanship . Only competent carpenters shall be employed and all framing shall be true and exact. Nails and spikes shall be driven with just sufficient force to set the heads flush with the surface of the wood. Deep hammer marks in wood surfaces shall be considered evidence of poor workmanship and sufficient cause for the removal of workmen causing them. Any metal work required in conjunction with timber construction shall conform to the requirements of Section 508.
c.Holes for Bolts, Dowels, Rods, and Lag Screws . Holes for round drift bolts and dowels shall be bored with a bit 1/16 inch { 1.6 mm} less in diameter than the bolt or dowel to be used. The diameter of holes for square drift bolts or dowels shall be equal to the least dimension of the bolt or dowel. Holes for machine bolts shall be bored with a bit of the same diameter as the bol t. Holes for rods shall be bored with a bit 1/16 inch {1.6 mm} greater in diameter than the rod. Holes for lag screws shall be bored with a bit 1/16 inch {1.6 mm} less in diameter than the nominal diameter and for a depth not greater than 1/2 the length of the lag screws being used. Countersinking shall be done wherever smooth faces are required. Recesses formed for countersinking shall be painted with hot creosote oil, and after the bolt or screw is in place, shall be filled with an asphalt base roofing pa tch.
d.Bolts and Washers for Timber Construction . One washer of the size and type specified shall be used under all bolt heads and nuts which would otherwise come in contact with wood. Cast iron washers shall have a thickness equal to the diameter of the bolt, and a diameter of four times the thickness. For malleable or plate washers, the diameter or side size of the square shall be equal to four times the diameter of the bolt, and the thickness of the washers shall be equal to one -half the diameter of th e bolt. Cast iron washers shall be used when the timber is in contact with the earth . All bolts shall be checked after the nuts have been finally tightened. Bolts shall be of such length that not more than 1 inch {25 mm} will protrude beyond the nut when finally tightened.
510.01 Description.
e.Additional Details . Additional requirements for timber construction will be listed under the type work for which the timber is used, including but not limited to Sections 503, 505, 510, 630, 631, 635, 636, and 637.
509.04 Method of M easurement.
The quantity to be measured shall be the number of thousand feet board measure {cubic meters} of lumber and timber, complete in place and accepted. Measurements of lumber and timber will be computed using the nominal width and thickness, and the actual length of each piece shown on the plans, unless changes in such dimensions have been authorized in writing. The nominal size dimensions shall be used in the computations even though the actual size be scant in the amount provided above. The measur ements of timber will include only such timber as is a part of the completed and accepted work, and will not include timber used for erection purposes, such as falsework, bracing, sheeting, etc.
509.05 Basis of Payment.
a.Unit Price Coverage .
1.Accepted timber and lumber will be paid for at the respective contract unit prices bid per thousand feet board measure {cubic meter}, for untreated timber, treated timber of the designated type, preservative, complete in place, which shall be payment in full for f urnishing of all materials, preservative treatment, equipment, tools, labor, hardware (as provided by Article 836.11), and incidentals necessary for the erection and painting (where provided by the plans and/or proposal form) of the work as shown on the pl ans or specified. It shall include compensation for any excavation and backfill necessary to complete the timber portion of the structure within the limits of the abutments or end bent, and when provided by the plans and/or proposal forms; it shall further include compensation for removal of any untreated or treated timber replaced by new material as directed.
2.Accepted treated timber, (any preservative) (salvaged material) will be paid for at the contract unit price bid, complete in place, which shall co ver the cost of furnishing equipment, tools, hardware, incidentals, materials, hauling, handling, and placing of materials salvaged from old structures (or furnished by the State). It shall also cover the cost of removal of any material replaced by salvage d material as provided by the plans.
b.Metal Parts and Piling . Metal parts, other than hardware (as provided by Article 836.11), will be paid for at the contract prices per linear foot {meter} or per pound {kilogram} for such items, the weight {mass} bei ng computed in the manner as specified for structural steel. Piling will be paid for as specified under Piling.
c.Payment will be made under Item No.: 509-A Untreated Timber - per MBM {cubic meter} 509-B Treated Timber, Type Preservative - per MBM {cubic meter} 509-C Treated Timber (Any Preservative)(Salvaged Material) - per MBM {cubic meter} SECTION 510 BRIDGES
510.01 Description.
The work under this Section shall cover the construction of bridges, or parts thereof , including members designated as mass concrete . When widening or modification of an existing facility is required, the work under this Section shall include the cutting or breaking away of portions of the existing structural material and the preparation of th e exposed structural materials for joining of new materials to the lines and grades shown on the plans or as directed. The requirements for concrete temperature monitoring, maximum allowable concrete temperatures, and the Thermal Control Plan (ThCP) are co vered in this section. The requirements of this Section shall apply to any concrete element that is designated as mass concrete in the Contract Documents. A ThCP to control and monitor concrete temperatures is required for all mass concrete elements.
Source: Alabama Standard Specifications for Highway Construction, 2022 Edition. Pages 361–361 of 934.