2024
Eric Holcomb GOVERNOR
INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Michael Smith COMMISSIONER
STANDARDS COMMITTEE
CHAIRMAN Greg Pankow, Construction Management Director
MEMBERS
David Boruff, Traffic Engineering
Kumar Dave, Pavement Engineering
Anne Rearick, Bridge Management
Michael Koch, Fort Wayn e District Construction
Joe Novak, State Construction Engineer
Mark Orton, Engineering Standards and Policy
Kurt Pelz, Construction Technical Support
Jim Reilman, Materials and Test
Peter White, Bridge Engineering
John Wooden, Contract Administration
SECRETARY
Scott Trammell, Construction Specifications Engineer
Lana Podorvanova, Specifications Coordinator iv MEASUREMENTS
The first two paragraphs of 109.01, M easurement of Quantities reads as follows:
The standard measures shown in this publication are primarily in the English System of Units such as feet and inches, pounds, gallons, and acres. Any metric equivalents, shown in parentheses, are intended only for those contracts in which they are specified, or to maintain consistency with industry standards. No guarantee is provided, explicit or implicit, that the units are accurate conversions. The following table and general notes are provided to assist you in becoming familiar with the metric system.
v SI UNITS AND CONVERSION FACTORS
MEASUREMENT ENGLISH UNIT ENGLISH UNIT SYMBOL MULTIPLIER FOR CONVERSION FROM ENGLISH UNIT TO SI UNIT (*) SI UNIT SI SYMBOL Acceleration foot per second squared mile per hours quared ft/sec2 mi/h2 0.304 8 exactly 1.060 93 meter per second squared kilometer per hours quared m/s2 km/h2 Area square inch square foot square yard acre square mile sq in. sq ft sq yd ac sq mi 645.16 exactly 0.092 9 0.836 1 0.404 7 2.59 square millimeter square meter square meter hectare square kilometer mm2 m2 m2 ha km Densit y pound per cubic foot lb/cu ft 16.018 46 kilo gram per cubic meter k g/cu m Energy foot·pound force kilowatt hour ft lbf kW h 1.355 8 3 600 000. exactl y joule joule J J Force/Weight (Gravity of Force) pound force kilopound force ton lbf kip t 4.448 2 4.448 2 8.896 4 newton kilonewton kilonewton N kN kN Length inch foot yard mile in. ft yd mi 25.4 exactly 0.304 8 exactly 0.914 4 exactly 1.609 3 millimeter meter meter kilometer mm m m km Mass ounce pound mass ton mass oz lbm t 28.349 5 0.453 6 0.907 2 gram kilogram megagram g kg Mg Power horse power (550 ft·lbf/s ) h p 745.669 9 watt W Pressure/Stress pound per square inch pound per square foot kilopound per square inch lb/sq in. lb/sq ft kip/sq in. 6.894 8 0.047 88 6.894 8 kilopascal kilopascal megapascal kPa kPa MPa Speed/Velocity foot per second mile per hour ft/s mph 0.304 8 exactly 1.609 3 meter per second kilometer per hour m/s km/h
vi Temperature de gree Fahrenheit °F (°F -32 )/1.8(**) exactl y de gree Celsius °C Volume, Fluid cubic inch fluid ounce gallon 1000 gallons cu in. fl oz gal. kGAL. 16.387 1
29.573 4
3.785 4 3.785 4 milliliter milliliter liter kiloliter mL mL L kL Volume, Solid cubic inch cubic foot bushel cubic yard 1000 feet board measure cu in. cu ft bu cu yd MFBM 16.387.06 exactly 0.028 32 0.035 24 0.764 6 2.359 7 cubic millimeter cubic meter cubic meter cubic meter cubic meter mm3 m3 m3 m3 m3
(*) Conversion from SI unit to English unit may be made by dividing the SI unit by the conversion factor shown in this column.
(**) This is a formula, and not a multiplier. The Fahrenheit temperature is substituted for °F in the formula to attain the Cel sius temperature. Conversion from Celsius temperature to Fahrenheit temperature may be made by substituting the Celsius temperature for °C in the formula (1.8 x °C) +32. This is an exact conversion. Angles will continue to be measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds instead of radians.
vii GENERAL NOTES
expressed in pounds. The megagram (Mg) shall be used for larger masses expressed in tons.
by using the centimeter, gram, and second as base units) shall be avoided.
when one speaks of a person’s weight, the quantity referred to is mass. In Science and Technology, the term weight of a body has usually meant the force that, if applied to the body, would give it an accel eration equal to th e local acceleration of free fall g (acceleration of gravity). Wh en the term is used , it is important to know whether mass or force is intended and to use SI Units properly, by using Kilograms for Mass or Newtons for Force. The use of force of gravity (mass times acceleration of gravity) instead of weight with this meaning is recommended. Because of the dual use of the term weight as a quantity, this term shall be avoided in technical practice except under circumstances in which its meaning is completely clear.
produces a vertically downward force because of the influence of gravity acting on a mass may be expressed in mass units. Any other load is expressed in force units.
handled so that the stated limit is not violated.
correspondence between the accuracy of the data and the given number of digits. In all conversions, the number of significant digits retained shall be such that accuracy is neither sacrificed nor exaggerated. For example, a length of 125 ft converts exactly to 38.1 m. If however, the 125 ft length has been obtained by rounding to the nearest 5 ft, the conversion shall be given as 38 m. The proper conversion procedure is to multiply a valu e by a conversion factor that is more accurate than is required, th e result is then rounded to the appropriate number of significant digits.
results, the rule for addition and subtraction is that the answer shall contain no significant digits farther to the right than occur in the least precise number. The rule for multiplication and division is that the product or quotient shall contain no
viii more significant digits than are contained in the number with the fewest significant digits used in the multiplication.
standard “5” up procedures shall be used as follows:
not be changed. For example, 3.46325, if rounded to three digits, would be 3.463; if rounded to two digits, would be 3.46.
be increased by one unit. For example, 8.37652, if rounded to three digits, would be 8.377; if rounded to two digits would be 8.38.
System of Units (SI) for other conversion factors.
responsibilities. The word “will” is used to describe the Department’s responsibilities. The words “shall” and “w ill” are not required to be followed by the words “by the Contractor” or “by the Department” to retain these meanings.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Title Page
ix DIVISION 100 – GENERAL PROVISIONS