911WOOD MATERIALS

911.01Untreated Lumber

Untreated lumber is a sawmill product which may be further manufactured by sawing, resawing, passing lengthwise through a standard planing machine, drying, cross cutting to length, and machining but is not treated with preservatives.

Yard lumber less than 2 in. thick and more than 1 in. wide is a board.

2 . D i m e n s i o n L u m b e r Lumber from 2 in. to but not including 5 in. thick and 2 in. or more wide is dimension lumber.

Lumber that is 2 in. or more thick and 4 in. or more wide intended for use where working stresses are required is structural lumber. The grading of structural lumber is based on the strength and use of the entire piece. The grade of lumber shall be as shown 20 on the plans or as otherwise specified.

Timber is solid sawn pieces with a nominal dimension of 5 in. or more in the least dimension is timber. Timbers may be classified as beams, stringers, posts, caps, sills, girders, or purlins. Timber for structural purposes shall be no less than 6 in. in width or thickness. Dimensions and grade of timber shall be as shown on the plans or as otherwise specified.

These timbers are used in the original round form, such as poles, posts, and mine timbers. Round timbers, such as posts and poles, shall be entirely peeled. All limbs 911.01

and knots shall be trimmed flush. Unless otherwise approved or shown on the plans, no minus tolerances will be allowed on the specified diameter.

Yard lumber is lumber of all sizes and patterns intended for general building purposes. The grading of yard lumber is based on the intended use of the particular grade and is applied to each piece with refe rence to its size and length when graded without consideration to further manufacture. 40

Lumber that is dressed by running it through a planer.

Lumber that has been sawn, edged, and trimmed, but not dressed.

Only Coastal Douglas-fir, red oak group, redwood, southern yellow pine, and white oak group will be allowed, except as set out elsewhere herein. Redwood lumber 50 shall not be used in bridges where it is a permanent part of the structure.

Except as otherwise provided, all lumber furnished under these specifications shall be of the species and grades specified.

Softwood lumber shall be graded in accordance with grade rules which conform with the basic provisions of the American Softwood Lumber Standard PS 20. It shall be grade marked and shall be in accordance with the applicable grading rules or specifications of the following agencies for the species indicated.

Coastal Douglas-fir – Pacific Lumber Inspection Bureau Southern Yellow Pine – Southern Pine Inspection Bureau Redwood – Redwood Inspection Service.

Red and White Oak Group, Hardwood Lumber, shall be grade marked and shall be in accordance with the applicable grading rules of the National Hardwood Lumber Association.

If lumber is not to be graded as provided above, it may be green or seasoned, but shall be sound, free from excessive wane, unsound loose or hollow knots, knot holes, 70 shakes, or other defects which would impair strength or durability for the use intended. Pin holes, shot holes, or occasional grub holes in oak are not classified as defects. If approved and if the proposed use of the material is stated on the purchase order, grade markings may not be required on native red or white oak groups furnished from local sources or on emergency orders or small orders of Coastal Douglas-fir and southern yellow pine.

Lumber for temporary bridges or other temporary structures may be of any species and grade which meets approval. 911.01

Regardless of grade markings all lumber may be inspected for grades and quality at the point of origin or final destination. If, during inspection of a lot of lumber, it becomes apparent that the quantity of rejection exceeds 20%, the entire lot may be rejected.

Tolerances for rough sawn or dressed lumber shall be in accordance with the National Lumber Grades Authority Grade Rule standards for each species.

Untreated piles shall be in accordance with ASTM D25 and the following. All piling shall be cut from white or red oak, de nse southern yellow pine, fir, or cypress, and is preferred in the order listed. They may be of other species, subject to approval, which can withstand driving without showing excessive brooming or splitting.

The butts and tips shall be sawn square with the axis of the pile. Alternatively, the tips may be tapered to a point of not less than 16 sq in. with the tip so formed that the centerline of the pile passes through the tip.

Unless otherwise specified, all piles shall be clean-peeled before driving. No strip of the inner bark remaining on the pile shall be more than 3/4 in. wide. There shall be at least 1 in. of bark free surface between tw o such strips. Not less than 80% of the surface shall be clean wood. All knots shall be trimmed flush with the body of the pile.

After peeling, piles shall have diameters as indicated below unless otherwise approved or required.

Length of Pile Diameter, inches Tip, min. 3 in. from Butt, min. Butt, max. Less than 20 ft 8 11 20 20 ft and less than 40 ft 8 12 20 40 ft and less than 60 ft 7 13 20 60 ft and more 6 13 20

911.02Treated Lumber 110

Treated lumber shall be preservative-treated by pressure processes in accordance with AWPA Standards T1 and U1 or AASHTO M 133. Other AWPA Standards applying to specific items are set out in 911.02(b), 911.02(c), 911.02(e), and 911.02(g). Lumber to be treated sha ll be in accordance with 911.01, except as modified in

(b), 911.02(c), and 911.02(e). The lumber may be inspected at the treating plant

Preservatives shall be in accordance with 911.02(h). Wherever ammoniacal or alkaline 911.02

copper quat azole or wherever copper preser vative is utilized, only stainless steel or hot dipped galvanized fasteners and hardware shall be used. Galvanizing for fasteners 120 shall be in accordance with ASTM A153. Galvanizing for hardware shall be in accordance with ASTM A653, coating desi gnation G185. Fasteners and hardware in contact with one another shall be of the same base material and coating if applicable, and shall be used consistently throughout the treated wood article or structure.

This shall be southern yellow pine or Coastal Douglas-fir. There shall be no heartwood requirements and the amount of sapwood shall not be limited. Wane will not be allowed on any treated plank for flooring and may be excluded elsewhere when so specified. Lumber for bridges shall be treated with a preservative in accordance 130 with applicable provisions of AWPA Standards T1 and U1, Commodity Specification A: Sawn Products, use category UC4B.

Timber piling, before treatment, shall be in accordance with 911.01(e), except piles shall be southern yellow pine or Coastal Douglas-fir. The outer and inner bark shall be removed before treatment. Unless otherwise specified, piling shall be treated with a preservative in accordance with the applicable requirements of AWPA Standards T1 and U1, Commodity Specification E: Round Timber Piling, use category UC4C. 140

Wood sign posts shall be cut from southern yellow pine, Coastal Douglas-fir, or other species as specified. Posts shall be surfaced four sides.

Dimensions shall be in accordance with the plans. There will be a length tolerance of ±2 in. Both butt and top ends shall be sawn square. All outer and inner bark shall be removed. One way sweep, not exceeding 1 in. between the top and butt, will be 150 acceptable. Short crooks will not be allowed.

The posts shall be sound timber. No splits, shakes, excessive cracks, loose decayed or hollow knots will be allowed. Occasional pin, shot, or grub holes in oak, or bird pecks in other timbers, will not be considered defects. All posts shall be entirely treated with preservatives in accordance with all applicable provisions of AWPA Standards T1 and U1, Commodity Specification A: Sawn Products, use category UC4A.

The requirements for posts and blockouts prior to treatment shall be in accordance with AASHTO M 168 and as modified below.

911.02

Timber posts shall be of the species li sted and shall be in accordance with the grading requirements specified in Table A. Timber blockouts shall be of the species listed and shall be in accordance with the grading requirements specified in Table B.

Timber posts and blockouts shall have cross-sections and length dimensions as shown on the plans. 170

Table A Special and Grading Requirements for Sawn Timber Guardrail Posts Species Posts and Timbers Gr ade Grading Rules Agencies a Softwoods Coastal Douglas-fir Southern Pine No. 1 or better No. 1 or better WWPA or PLIB SPIB a WWPA (Western Wood Products Assoc.); PLIB (Pacific Lumber Inspection Bureau); and SPIB (Southern Pine Inspection Bureau).

Posts and blockouts shall be graded in accordance with grading rules based on principles and methods specified in ASTM D245. Where there is a conflict between AWPA and ASTM standards, AWPA will prevail. Where there is a conflict between either AWPA or ASTM standards and this specification, this specification will prevail.

All material shall show the approved grading agency stamp indicating mill origin, species, and grade. 180

Table B Species and Grading Requirements for Sawn Timber Guardrail Blockouts Species Posts and Timbers Gr ade Grading Rules Agencies a Softwoods Coastal Douglas-fir Southern Pine No. 2 or better No. 2 or better WWPA or PLIB SPIB a WWPA (Western Wood Products Assoc.); PLIB (Pacific Lumber Inspection Bureau); and SPIB (Southern Pine Inspection Bureau).

Posts and blockouts shall be in accordance with the following general requirements.

Posts and blockouts shall be fr ee from decay before treatment.

Posts containing unsound wood will be rejected. Blockouts may contain small spots of unsound wood provided they are well scattered.

911.02

Posts and blockouts shall be sound. No sapwood rot will be allowed. Ring shake will not be allowed. Grub holes in the bu tt, 1/2 in. or less in diameter, are not considered defects. Posts or blockouts cont aining ant holes will not be accepted. Any post or blockout which contains any defect which is detrimental to the post or blockout will be rejected. 200

d . D i m e n s ional Tolerances Posts and blockouts shall be sawn square to within -1/2 in. of the specified cross- sectional dimensions. A tolerance of ±2 in. will be allowed on the specific length of the posts. A tolerance of -1/2 in. will be allowed on the specified length of the blockouts.

Pressure treating posts and blockouts sha ll be in accordance with the following requirements and AWPA Standards T1 and U1, Commodity Specification A: Sawn 210 Products, use category UC4B.

Posts and blockouts shall be sawn to their final shape and holes bored prior to treatment.

The treater shall be responsible for ensu ring that the material has the required approved grading agency stamp before treatment is commenced. The stamp or marking shall be applied on a wide face at the trimmed end. The stamp shall be applied 220 and remain readable after treating. Material that has been air dried or kiln dried shall

be inspected for moisture content in accordance with AWPA Standard M2.

All posts and blockouts shall be treated with a preservative as specified herein.

The preservative used for treating posts and blockouts shall be in accordance with

the appropriate AWPA or AASHTO Standards.

230

Timber for guardrail posts and blockouts shall be treated to be in accordance with

AWPA Standard T1, and the requirements specified herein.

The material in a charge shall consist of the same species or consist of species

within one group shown in table C. The material shall have similar moisture content

and be of similar form and size. Blockouts and posts may be treated in the same charge.

911.02

1093

Table C240

Species Groupings for Treatment in Same Charge

Group Species

A Southern Pine

B Coastal Douglas-fir

Conditioning shall be in accordance with AWPA Standard T1.

The treater shall determine that the preservatives used are in accordance with the

requirements herein. The minimum frequency of the preservation analysis shall be

each charge for the occasional single charge inspected. The minimum frequency for

consecutive treatments from the same working tank shall be the first and at least one

of every five additional charges, selected at random. Preservative samples shall be250

taken as appropriate to be representative of the solution in the treating cylinder.

The minimum retentions shall be in accordance with AWPA Standards T1 and

U1.

The penetration requirements shall be in accordance with AWPA Standard T1,

table B6.

260

Following treatment, the charge shall be physically inspected in accordance with

AWPA Standard M2, section 4. All treated material shall bear the quality mark of the

inspection agency. All inspections shall be completed at no cost to the Department.

All non-compliant material shall be removed from the remaining acceptable

material before shipment.

All post and blockouts shall be clearly and permanently branded or marked on270

one of the wide faces. The brand shall be within 12 in. of the top of the post. The brand

shall show the treater’s identification, the plant designation, and the year of treatment.

The month may also be included. The brand shall also show the species, the

preservative type, and retention, all in accordance with AWPA Standard M6.

The treating plant supplying the material shall be responsible for and will be

required to supply a certificate indicating the species, grade, preservative type,

retention, year, and name of treater. The certificate shall also include all of the other

information listed in AWPA Standard M2, section 6.2.280

911.02

1094

Copies of treating records, analysis records, and other records which may be

necessary to determine accordance with specifications shall be made available to

Department personnel or their designated representatives upon their request. Required

information shall be that which is listed in AWPA Standard M2, section 6.2. These

records shall be retained by the treating plant for five years from the date of material

shipment.

The Department may inspect the material or call for a non-Departmental

inspection to verify that it is in accordance with all specifications.

Cuts, holes, or injuries to the surface of posts and blockouts which occur after

pressure treatment shall be field treated with copper naphthenate in accordance with

AWPA Standard M4.

Guardrail posts or blockouts developing the following degrade prior to installation300

will be rejected regardless of prior approvals:

other totaling more than 3 in. deep, measured with a probe

not more than 1/16 in. thick,

point, and extending more than 1/3 of the length of the post

or blockout,

310

widest point,

bolt hole,

twists,

otherwise in accordance with the specifications but which

may cause the post or blockout to separate into several

pieces.

Lumber and timber that will be used in facilities where human contact will occur,

such as handrails, pedestrian facilities including decking and picnic tables, shall be

911.02

1095

treated in accordance with AWPA Standards U1 or UC4A, or AASHTO M 133. A

Type C certification in accordance with 916 shall be provided for the lumber/timber.

330

Preservatives shall be in accordance with current AWPA or AASHTO M 133

Standards as modified by EPA regulation.

Waterborne preservatives shall be in accordance with AASHTO M 133 or AWPA

Standards.