918GEOSYNTHETIC MATERIALS

918.01General Requirements

Geosynthetics are polymer-based products used for separation, filtration, reinforcement, liquid containment, moisture management, soil and aggregate confinement, and many other soil related purposes within many conventional civil engineering structures. When appropriate, the Department will require the use of geosynthetics meeting the categories and characteristics indicated below.

Geosynthetic materials including geotextile, geomembrane, geocell, and geogrid 10 shall be selected from the QPL of Geosynthetic Materials. Geosynthetics will be considered for inclusion on the QPL in accordance with ITM 806, ProcedureS. The product shall be labeled clearly and indicate the manufacturer or private labeler name, product identification, lot number, manufactured date, and roll dimensions.

Geosynthetics shall be protected from temperatures greater than 140°F, mud, dirt, dust, and debris during shipment and storage. Manufacturer recommendations shall be followed with regard to protection from direct sunlight. Geosynthetics shall be identified, stored, and handled in accordance with ASTM D4873. Damaged geosynthetics shall be replaced for the entire width of the roll. 20

918.02Geotextile

Geotextile shall be either non-woven or woven and consist of at least 85% long- chain synthetic polymers. Geotextile shall contain stabilizers or inhibitors added to the base polymer mix to make the filaments and yarns resistant to deterioration caused by ultraviolet radiation exposure. Geotextile shall be produced such that the yarns and fibers retain their relative positions. The non-woven geotextile shall be needle punched, heat bonded or resin bonded.

The geotextile shall meet the following requirements: 30

918.02

Requirements(1) Test Method, ASTM Type 1A Type 2A Type 2B Grab Tensile Strength, min. D4632 200 lb 250 lb 300 lb Grab Elongation D4632 > 50% > 50% < 50% CBR Puncture Strength, min. D6241 500 lb 625 lb 1,000 lb Trapezoid Tearing Strength, min. D4533 80 lb 100 lb 150 lb Deterioration in Tensile Strength due to UV Degradation 500 h, min. D4355 D6637 70% strength retained 70% strength retained 70% strength retained Apparent Opening Size, AOS D4751 ”1RVLHYH IRUVRLOV• passing the No. 200 sieve ”1Rsieve, IRUVRLOV• passing the No. 200 sieve ”1RVLHYH for soils < 40% passing the No. 200 sieve Permittivity D4491 •VHF -1 •VHF-1 •VHF-1

direction, except AOS size is based on maximum average roll value. 918.02

Requirements(1) (2) Test Method, ASTM Type 1A Type 2A Type 2B Grab Tensile Strength, min. D4632 80 lb 160 lb 200 lb Grab Elongation D4632 > 50% > 50% < 50% CBR Puncture Strength, min. D6241 175 lb 410 lb 750 lb Deterioration in Tensile Strength due to UV Degradation 500 h, min. D4355 D6637 70% strength retained 70% strength retained 70% strength retained Apparent Opening Size, AOS D4751 ”1RVLHYH for VRLOV• passing the No. 200 sieve ”1RVLHYH IRUVRLOV• passing the No. 200 sieve ”1RVLHYH for soils < 40% passing the No. 200 sieve Permittivity D4491 •VHFØï •VHFØï •VHFØï Notes:

direction, except AOS size is based on maximum average roll value.

918.02

Requirements(1) Test Method, ASTM Type 2A Type 2B Grab Tensile Strength, min. D4632 290 lb 400 lb Wide Width Tensile, @ 5% Strain, min. D4595 1,200 lb/ft 2,400 lb/ft Grab Elongation D4632 ” < 50% CBR Puncture Strength, min. D6241 410 lb 750 lb Trapezoid Tearing Strength, min. D4533 n/a n/a Deterioration in Tensile Strength due to UV Degradation 500 h, min. D4355 D6637 70% strength retained 70% strength retained Apparent Opening Size, AOS, min. D4751 No. 30 sieve No. 30 sieve Soil Retention, Pore Size, O50/O95, min. D6767 290/380 100/350 Permittivity, min. D4491 0.50 sec -1 0.40 sec -1 (1)All values are minimum average roll values (MARV) as determined in accordance with ASTM D4354 in the weaker principal direction, except AOS size is based on maximum average roll value. 918.02

Type 1MA geotextile shall consist of woven polypropyl ene filaments, wicking filaments, and shall be in accordance with the following: Requirements Test Method, ASTM Type 1MA Wide Width Tensile Strength, min. Machine direction Cross machine direction D45953 5,280 lbs/ft 5,280 lbs/ft Wide Width Tensile Strength, @ 2% Strain, min. Machine direction Cross machine direction D45953 480 lbs/ft 1,080 lbs/ft Apparent Opening Size, AOS, min. D4751 No. 40 sieve Flow Rate D4491 3 30 gal./min/ft2 Wicking Requirement Wet Front Movement1 24 minutes, min. C15592 6 in. Vertical Direction Wicking Requirement Wet Front Movement1 983 minutes. Zero Gradient, min. C15592 73 in. Horizontal Direction Permittivity, min. D4491 3 0.4 sec-1 Notes: 1.‘STP’: Standard Temperature and Pressure

918.02

Requirements(1) Test Method, ASTM Wire Fence Supported Self Supported Grab Strength D4632 90 lb 90 lb Elongation @ 45 lb D4632 50% max. Apparent Opening Size (2) D4751 No. 20 sieve No. 20 sieve Permittivity (2) D4491 0.01 sec -1 0.01 sec-1 Ultraviolet Degradation at 500 h D4355 70% strength retained 70% strength retained

minimum average roll value. Test results from a sampled roll in a lot shall be in accordance with or shall exceed the minimum values shown in the above table. The stated values are for non-critical, non- severe conditions. Lots shall be sampled in accordance with ASTM D4354.

fence performance if deemed necessary by the Engineer. Note: All values are minimum average roll values (MARV) as determined in accordance with ASTM D4354. 918.02

918.03Geomembrane

This material shall consist of a geom embrane fabricated from HDPE consisting of strong, rot resistant, chemically stable long-chain synthetic polymer materials, dimensionally stable with distinct and measurable openings. The manufacturer shall submit the tests for the intended use to the Geotechnical Engineering Division.

The geomembrane shall meet the following requirements: 60

Test Method Requirement Density @ 23°C, min. ASTM D1505 0.88 g/cm 3 Sheet Thickness ASTM D5199 0.75 mm Tear Resistance ASTM D1004 98 N Resistance to Soil Burial ASTM D6134 min. of 90% of original value retained pH AASHTO T 289 Durability between 3 to 12 Roll Width Calibered 20 ft

918.04Geocell Confinement System

Geocell confinement system is a lightweight, flexible mat that consists of high density polyethylene strips. The mat shall be perforated and the strips shall be ultrasonic bonded together to form a strong configuration. Cell seam strength shall be uniform over full depth. Geocell materials shall be 4 in. in depth.

The geocell shall meet th e following requirements:

Properties Material/Test Method Unit Value Sheet Thickness ASTM D5199 mils 50 Environmental Stress Crack Reduction, min. ASTM D1693 hours 3,500 Short-Term Seam Peel Strength for 4 in. depth ASTM D6392 lb/ft 350 Percent Open Area COE-02215 % 12.6 Nominal Expanded Cell Size Calibered in. 12.6 x 11.3 Note: Carbon Black shall be minimum 1.5% by weight in accordance with ASTM D5199.

918.05Geogrid

Geogrid shall be a biaxial or multi axial composition of a regular network of connected polymer tensile elements with aperture geometry sufficient to enable significant mechanical interlock with the surrounding material. The material shall be polypropylene, ASTM D4101 (97% minimum) and Carbon Black, ASTM D1603 (0.5% minimum).

The geogrid structure shall be dimensionally stable and shall be able to retain its geometry under construction stresses. The geogrid structure shall have a resistance to 80 damage during construction, ultraviolet degradation, and all forms of chemical and biological degradation encountered in the soil being placed. 918.05

Geogrid shall be in accordance with the property requirements as specified in the Geosynthetic Research Institute, GRI, Standard Test Methods GG1, GG3, GG4, ASTM D5262, and ASTM D6637.

The geogrid shall be in accordance with the property requirements for the type specified as follows:

Property Test Method Unit Type IA Value, Min. Type IB Value, Min. Aperture Area Calibered Sq. in. 1.3 1.3 Open Area COE, CW02215 % !” !” Junction Strength ASTM D7737 lb/ft ----- 788 Tensile Modulus, machine direction cross machine direction ASTM D6637 1,2,3 lb/ft lb/ft

10,000 10,000

10,000 10,000 Ultimate Strength, machine direction cross machine direction ASTM D6637 2,3 lb/ft lb/ft

Ultraviolet Stability ASTM D4355 ----- ----- 70% at 500 hrs 1 Secant modulus at 5% elongation.

2 Results for machine direction, MD, and cross machine direction, CMD, are required.

3 Minimum average roll values shall be in accordance with ASTM D4759.

Property Test Method Unit Value, Min. Open Area COE, CW02215 % !” Tensile Modulus, machine direction ASTM D6637 1,2 lb/ft 49,300 Ultraviolet Stability ASTM D4355 70% at 500 hrs Creep Limited Strength, machine direction at 5% strain ASTM D5262 lb/ft 1,090 1 Secant modulus at 2% elongation.

2 Minimum average roll values shall be in accordance with ASTM D4759.

Geogrid material shall be of high-density polyethylene, HDPE; polypropylene, 100 PP; or polyester, PET, polymers and have the following properties: 918.05

Property Test Method Unit Value, Min. Open Area COE, CW02215 % > ” Ultraviolet Stability ASTM D4355 70% at 500 hrs Ultimate Strength, machine direction ASTM D6637 lb/ft 1,500 Long-Term Design Strength, Allowable, LTDS, machine direction GRI-GG4 lb/ft 1,000* * Minimum Average Roll Value, MARV: Property value calculated as average minus two standard deviations.

LTDS = Tult (RFୈ)(RF୍ୖ)(RFୈ) where:

LTDS = Long Term Design Strength Tult = Ultimate strength RFCR = Reduction factor for creep RFIR = Reduction factor for installation damage RFD = Reduction factor for durability

The minimum reduction factors are as follows:

R F CR = 2.6 for HDPE, 4.0 for PP, 1.6 for PET 110 R F IR = 1.10 RF D = 1.10

918.06Fabric for Waterproofing

Fabric for waterproofing shall be treated cotton in accordance with ASTM D173, woven glass in accordance with ASTM D1668, or glass fiber mat in accordance with ASTM D2178. A Type C certification in acco rdance with 916 shall be provided for the fabric.