3139Graded Aggregate for Bituminous Mixtures

3139.1SCOPE

Provide graded Aggregate for use in bituminous mixtures.

3139.2REQUIREMENTS

A Plant Mixed Asphalt A.1 Composition Provide graded Aggregate composed of any combination of the following sound durable particles as described in 3139.2A.2, “Classification.”

Do not use graded Aggregate containing objectionable Materials including: metal, glass, wood, plastic, brick, or rubber. Provide coarse Aggregate free of coatings of clay and Silt. Do not add soil Materials such as clay, loam, or Silt to compensate for a lack of fines in the Aggregate. Do not blend overburden soil into the Aggregate. Feed each Material or size of Material from an individual storage unit at a uniform rate. Do not place blended Materials from different sources, or for different classes, types, or sizes together in one stockpile unless approved by the Engineer as a Class E A ggregate. A.2 Classification A.2.a Class A Provide crushed igneous bedrock consisting of basalt, gabbro, granite, gneiss, rhyolite, diorite, and andesite. Rock from the Sioux Quartzite Formation may contain no greater than 4.0 percent non-Class A Aggregate. Do not blend or add non-Class A Aggregate to Class A Aggregate. A.2.b Class B Provide crushed rock from other bedrock sources such as Carbonate and metamorphic rocks (Schist). A.2.c Class C Provide natural or partly crushed natural Gravel obtained from a natural Gravel deposit. A.2.d Class D Provide 100 percent crushed natural Gravel produced from Material retained on a square mesh Sieve with an opening at least twice as large as Table 3139.2-2 allows for the maximum size of the Aggregate in the composite asphalt mixture. Ensure the amount of carryover, Material finer than the selected Sieve, no greater than 10 percent of the Class D Aggregate by weight. A.2.e Class E Provide a mixture consisting of at least 2 of the following classes of approved Aggregate: Class A, Class B, and Class D. A.2.f Steel Slag Steel slag cannot exceed 25 percent of the total mixture Aggregate and be free from metallic and other mill waste. The Engineer will accept stockpiles if the total expansion is no greater than 0.5 percent as determined by ASTM D4792, Standard Test Method for Potential Expansion of Aggregates from Hydration Reactions. A.2.g Taconite Tailings Obtain taconite tailings from ore mined westerly of a north-south line located east of Biwabik, Minnesota (R15W-R16W) or from ore mined in southwestern Wisconsin.

A.2.h Recycled Asphalt Shingles (RAS) Provide recycled asphalt shingles manufactured from waste scrap asphalt shingles (MWSS) or from tear-off scrap asphalt shingles (TOSS). Consider the percentage of RAS used as part of the maximum allowable Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) percentage. See Table 3139.2-3. A.2.h(1) RAS Gradation Laboratory Manual Procedure 1801 Provide RAS in accordance with the following gradation requirements: Table 3139.2-1 RAS Gradation Sieve size Percent passing 1/2 inch 100 No. 4 90 A.2.h(2) Binder Content Determine the binder content using chemical extraction meeting the requirements of Laboratory Manual Method 1851 or 1852. A.2.h(3) Bulk Specific Gravity The Contractor may use an Aggregate bulk specific gravity (Gsb) of 2.650 in lieu of determining the shingle Aggregate Gsb in accordance with Laboratory Manual Method 1205. A.2.h(4) Waste Materials Do not allow extraneous Materials including metals, glass, rubber, nails, soil, brick, tars, paper, wood, and plastics greater than 0.5 percent by weight of the graded Aggregate as determined by Material retained on the No. 4 Sieve as specified in Laboratory Manual Method 1801. A.2.h(5) Stockpile Do not blend an RAS stockpile with other salvage Material. Do not blend MWSS and TOSS. The Contractor may blend virgin sand Material with RAS to minimize agglomeration if the Contractor accounts for the blended sand in the final mixture gradation. A.2.h(6) Certification Ensure the processor provides RAS certification on the following Department form Scrap Asphalt Shingles from Manufacture Waste or Tear-Off Scrap Asphalt Shingles on the Bituminous Engineering website. A.2.i Crushed Concrete and Salvaged Aggregate The Contractor may incorporate no greater than 50 percent of crushed concrete and salvaged Aggregate in non wear mixtures. Do not use crushed concrete in wearing courses. A.2.j Ash Sewage sludge ash and waste incinerator ash are allowed as an Aggregate source at a maximum of 5 percent of the total weight of the mixture. Sewage sludge ash for use as an Aggregate source in wear or non wear courses must be approved by examination with the Hazard Evaluation Process by Department’s Office of Environmental Stewardship.

A.2.k Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) A.2.k(1) Aggregate Angularity Provide combined RAP and virgin Aggregates that meet the composite coarse and fine Aggregate angularity for the mixture being produced. A.2.k(2) Objectionable Material Do not use RAP containing objectionable Materials including metal, glass, wood, plastic, brick, or rubber. Remove rubber or wire particles, if visibly present, from the stockpile. Effectiveness of rubber or wire particles removal will be made based upon their presence in the paved surface. Individual particles greater than 6 inches in any dimension or the presence of three or more smaller particles within a one square yard area is unacceptable and subject to 1512, “Unacceptable and Unauthorized Work.” A.2.k(3) Asphalt Binder Content Determine the asphalt binder content using the Laboratory Manual Method 1851 and 1852. A.2.k(4) Bulk Specific Gravity Determine the bulk specific gravity in accordance with Laboratory Manual Method 1205 or 1815. A.3 Quality A.3.a Los Angeles Rattler Test ................................ Laboratory Manual Method 1210 Ensure a coarse Aggregate loss no greater than 35 percent for any individual source. A.3.b Soundness (Magnesium Sulfate) ................... Laboratory Manual Method 1219 Maximum loss after 5 cycles on the coarse Aggregate fraction (Material retained on No. 4 Sieve for any individual source within the mix) as follows:

Sieve, ≤ 14 percent

Sieve, ≤18 percent

Sieve, ≤ 23percent

≤ 18 percent, and acceptance will be granted if:

meet at least 1 of the individual components, the Engineer may accept the source if each individual component is no greater than 110 percent of the requirement for that component.

requirement, but fails to meet the composite, the Engineer may accept the source if the composite is no greater than 110 percent of the requirement for the composite.

Coarse Aggregate that exceeds the requirements in this section for Material passing the No. 4 Sieve cannot be used. A.3.c Spall Materials and Lumps ............................ Laboratory Manual Method 1219 Spall is defined as shale, iron oxide, unsound cherts, pyrite, highly weathered and/or soft phyllite and argillite (may be scratched with a brass pencil), and other Materials having similar characteristics. Lumps are defined as loosely bonded Aggregations and clayey masses. If the percent of lumps measured in the stockpile or cold feed exceed the Specification limits, stop asphalt production and determine compliance by dry batching . This procedure may be repeated at any time at the discretion of the Engineer. Maximum limits for Spall and lumps, expressed as percentages by mass, are listed in Table 3139.2-3. A.3.d Insoluble Residue Test................................... Laboratory Manual Method 1221 A.3.d(1) For Districts 1, 2, 3, 4, M, 7 and 8 If using Class B Carbonate Materials ensure the portion of the insoluble residue passing the No. 200 Sieve is no greater than 10 percent. A.3.d(2) For District 6 If crushed Carbonate quarry rock (Limestone or dolostone) is used, the minus No. 200 sized portion of the rock insoluble residue shall not exceed 10 percent by weight. Blending of sources and/or beds with an insoluble residue up to 15 percent is allowed to meet the 10 percent insoluble residue requirement. Individual beds thinner than 6 inches or up to 5 percent of the total face height, are exempt from the 15 percent maximum insoluble residue requirement. However, the Aggregate producer shall practice good quality control at all times and exclude poor quality stone to the extent practical, regardless of the bed thickness and/or pocket size and location. No Carbonate quarry rock from the Platteville Geological Formation is allowed. A.3.e Gradation Ensure the Aggregate gradation broad bands meet the following requirements in accordance with AASHTO T-11 Standard Method of Test for Materials Finer than 75-μm (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing, (passing the No. 200 wash) and AASHTO T-27 Standard Method of Test for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Co arse Aggregates.

Table 3139.2-2 Aggregate Gradation Broad Bands (percent passing of total washed gradation) Sieve size A B C D 1 inch — — 100 — 3/4 inch — 100* 85 – 100 — 1/2 inch 100* 85 – 100 45 – 90 — 3/8 inch 85 – 100 35 – 90 — 100 No. 4 60 – 90 30 – 80 30 – 75 65 – 95 No. 8 45 – 70 25 – 65 25 – 60 45 – 80 No. 200 2.0 – 7.0 2.0 – 7.0 2.0 – 7.0 3.0 – 8.0 * The Contractor may reduce the gradation broadband for the maximum Aggregate size to 97 percent passing for mixtures containing RAP, if the oversize Material originates from the RAP source. Ensure the virgin Material meets the requirement of 100 percent passing the maximum Aggregate Sieve size.

Table 3139.2-3 Mixture Aggregate Requirements Aggregate Blend Property Traffic Level 2 Traffic Level 3 Traffic Level 4 Traffic Level 5 20 year Design ESALs <1 million 1 - 3 million 3 - 10 million 10 – 30 million Minimum. Coarse Aggregate Angularity (ASTM D5821, Standard Test Method for Determining the Percentage of Fractured Particles in Coarse Aggregate) (one face/two face), percent-Wear (one face/two face), percent-Non Wear 30/- 30/- 55 / - 55 / - 85 / 80 60/ - 95 / 90 80 / 75 Minimum Fine Aggregate Angularity (FAA) (AASHTO T304 Standard Method of Test for Uncompacted Void Content of Fine Aggregate, Method A) percent-Wear percent-Non Wear Flat and Elongated Particles, max. percent by weight, (ASTM D4791, Standard Test Method for Flat Particles, Elongated Particles, or Flat and Elongated Particles in Coarse Aggregate ) - 10 (5:1 ratio) (5:1 ratio) (5:1 ratio) Minimum. Sand Equivalent (AASHTO T 176 Standard Method of Test for Plastic Fines in Graded Aggregates and Soils by Use of the Sand Equivalent Test) - - 45 45 Max. Total Spall in fraction retained on the No. 4 Sieve – Wear Non Wear 5.0 5.0 2.5 5.0 1.0 2.5 1.0 2.5 Maximum Spall Content in Total Sample – Wear Non Wear 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 1.0 2.5 1.0 2.5 Maximum Percent Lumps in fraction retained on the No. 4 Sieve 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Class B Carbonate Restrictions Maximum percent -No. 4: Final Lift/All other Lifts 100/100 100/100 80/80 50/80 Maximum percent + No. 4: Final Lift/All other Lifts 100/100 100/100 50/100 0/100 Shingle Restrictions Maximum allowable scrap shingles–MWSS* Wear/Non Wear 5/5 5/5 5/5 5/5 Maximum allowable scrap shingles –TOSS* Final Lift/All other Lifts 5/5 5/5 0/5 0/0 * MWSS is manufactured waste scrap shingle and TOSS is tear-off scrap shingle.

B PASSRC and PASB B.1 Restrictions Do not use recycled Materials including glass, concrete, bituminous, shingles, ash, and steel slag. B.2 Gradation The gradation limits are also considered the job mix formula (JMF) limits. B.2.a PASB Table 3139.2-4 PASB Aggregate Gradation Sieve Size Percent Passing 1 1/2 inch 100 1 inch 95 - 100 3/4 inch 85 – 95 3/8 inch 30 – 60 No. 4 10 – 30 No. 8 0 – 10 No. 30 0 – 5 No. 200 0 – 3 B.2.b PASSRC Table 3139.2-5 PASSRC Aggregate Gradation Sieve Size Percent Passing 5/8 inch 100 1/2 inch 85 – 100 3/8 inch 50 – 100 No. 4 0 – 25 No. 8 0 – 5 B.3 Quality Will meet all requirements of 3139.2A.3.a, “Los Angeles Rattler Test,” through 3139.2A.3.c, “Spall Materials and Lumps.” 3139.2A.3.d, “Insoluble Residue Test,” changes to: If using Class B Carbonate Materials ensure the portion of the insoluble residue passing the No. 200 Sieve is no greater than 10 percent.

B.4 Mixture Quality Requirements Table 3139.2-6 Mixture Aggregate Requirements for PASSRC & PASB Aggregate Blend Property Requirement Coarse Aggregate Angularity (ASTM D5821ǁ) (one face/two face) percent PASSRC * PASB * 95/- -/65 Fine Aggregate Angularity (FAA) (AASHTO T304, Method A) percent Not Applicable Flat and Elongated Particles, max. percent by weight, (ASTM D4791†) Not Applicable Clay Content (AASHTO T 176ǂ) Not Applicable Total Spall in fraction retained on the No. 4 Sieve 3.0 Maximum Spall Content in Total Sample 5.0 Maximum Percent Lumps in fraction retained on the No. 4 Sieve 0.5 * Carbonate Restrictions: If Class B (as defined in 3139.2A.2.b, “Class B”), crushed Carbonate quarry rock (Limestone or dolostone), is used in the mixture, or if Carbonate particles in the Material retained on the No. 4 Sieve exceeds 55 percent, by weight, the minus No. 200 Sieve size portion of the insoluble residue shall not exceed 10 percent. ǁ ASTM D5821, Standard Test Method for Determining the Percentage of Fractured Particles in Coarse Aggregate. † ASTM D4791, Standard Test Method for Flat Particles, Elongated Particles, or Flat and Elongated Particles in Coarse Aggregate. ǂ AASHTO T 176 Standard Method of Test for Plastic Fines in Graded Aggregates and Soils by Use of the Sand Equivalent Test. C Ultra-thin Bonded Wearing Course C.1 Restrictions Do not use recycled Materials including glass, concrete, bituminous, shingles, ash, and steel slag. C.2 Quality Will meet requirements of 3139.2A.3, “Quality.” C.3 Coarse Aggregate Provide a Class A Aggregate, as defined in 3139.2A.2.a, “Class A,” in accordance with the following requirements: Table 3139.2-7 UTBWC Coarse Aggregate Requirements Tests Laboratory Manual Method Limit, percent Flat and elongated ratio at 3:1 1208 ≤ 25 Los Angeles Rattler Test (LAR) 1210 ≤ 40 Bulk Specific Gravity 1204 -

C.4 Fine Aggregate Provide fine Aggregate, passing the No. 4 Sieve in accordance with the following requirements: Table 3139.2-8 UTBWC Fine Aggregate Requirements Tests Method Limit, percent Sand equivalent AASHTO T 176* ≥ 45 Uncompacted void content (FAA) Laboratory Manual 1206 ≥ 40 Bulk Specific Gravity Laboratory Manual 1205 - * AASHTO T 176 Standard Method of Test for Plastic Fines in Graded Aggregates and Soils by Use of the Sand Equivalent Test C.5 Aggregate Gradation Broadband Table 3139.2-9 UTBWC Aggregate Gradation Broadband* Sieve Size Gradation Broadband Limits percent Passing 3/4 inch - 1/2 inch 100 3/8 inch 85 – 100 No. 4 28 – 42 No 8 21 – 33 No. 16 14 – 24 No. 30 9 – 20 No. 50 6 – 15 No. 100 5 – 11 No. 200 3.0 – 7.0 * Aggregate size: 3/8 inch, Typical application rates: 65-75 pounds/square yard D Micro-surfacing D.1 Restrictions Do not use recycled Materials including glass, concrete, bituminous, shingles, ash, and steel slag. D.2 Gradation Provide Aggregate in accordance with the gradation requirements of Table 3139.2-10. If no type is designated by the Contract, provide MnDOT Type 2/ISSA Type II .

Table 3139.2-10 Micro-surfacing Gradation Limits and QA Tolerances Percent Passing (AASHTO T 11 ‖, AASHTO T 27 †) Sieve Size MnDOT Type 1 MnDOT Type 2 ISSA* Type II MnDOT Type 3 ISSA* Type III Job Mix Formula QA Tolerance, percent 3/8 inch 100 100 100 — No. 4 100 90–100 70–90 ±5.0 No. 8 85–100 65–90 45–70 ±5.0 No. 16 72–92 45–70 28–50 ±5.0 No. 30 50–75 30–50 19–34 ±5.0 No. 50 35–55 18–30 12–25 ±4.0 No. 100 15–35 10–21 7–18 ±3.0 No. 200 5–15 5–15 5–15 ±2.0 * International Slurry Surfacing Association ‖ AASHTO T 11 Standard Method of Test for Materials Finer Than 75-µm (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing † AASHTO T 27 Standard Method of Test for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregate D.3 Quality Provide Aggregate that meets the durability requirements of Table 3139.2-11. Table 3139.2-11 Micro-surfacing Aggregate Durability Requirements Tests on Aggregate Test Requirement, percent Sand equivalent AASHTO T 176ǁ ≥ 60 Abrasion resistance* AASHTO T 96† ≤ 30 Soundness (using MgSO4)# AASHTO T 104ǂ ≤ 25 * Use Grading C for Type 3 Material. Use Grading D for Type 1 & 2 Material. ǁ AASHTO T 176 Standard Method of Test for Plastic Fines in Graded Aggregates and Soils by Use of the Sand Equivalent Test. † AASHTO T 96 Standard Method of Test for Resistance to Degradation of Small -Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angles Machine. ǂ AASHTO T 104 Standard Method of Test for Soundness of Aggregate by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate. # Perform the soundness test on the Class B Aggregate of the blend, if applicable. D.4 Aggregate Class Unless modified by the Contract, provide Class A Aggregate as defined in 3139.2A.2, “Classification,” or taconite tailings. If modified by the Contract, provide Class D Aggregate which is defined, as 100 percent crushed natural Gravel produced from Material retained on a square mesh Sieve with an opening at least twice as large as the maximum size of Aggregate in Table 3139.2-10, for the type specified in the mix design. Ensure the amount of carryover, Material finer than the selected Sieve, is no greater than 10 percent of the Class D Aggregate by weight.

3139.3SAMPLING AND TESTING

Perform sampling, Sieve analysis, lumps, crushing, and shale testing meeting the requirements of the Laboratory Manual.