Section 202 Section 202 by the unit. The length of pipe removed will be the product of the number of commercial lengths and the nominal laying length. Traffic stripe removal will be measured by th e linear foot from end-to-end of individual stripes. Measurement will be made along th e surface of each stripe and will not include nominal skip intervals. Stripes more than six inches in width will be converted to equivalent lengths of six-inch stripe. Legend will be measured for payment by the square foot. When provisions are not included in the contract for legend removal by the square yard, the removal area will be converted to equivalent lengths of six-inch stripe.
202.05 Basis of Payment. Removal of Obstructions will be paid for at the contract
lump sum price which shall be full compensation for removing and disposing of the obstructions in accordance with th e provisions of the contract. Specific obstruction items stipulated for removal and disposal under 202-B will be paid for at the contract unit price which shall be full compensation for completing the work. Payment will be made under: 202-A: Removal of Obstructions - lump sum 202-B: Removal of Item - per each, linear foot, square foot, square yard, or cubic yard SECTION 203 - EXCAVATION AND EMBANKMENT
203.01 Description. This work consists of excavation and embankment required for
roadways, ditches, channel changes and borro w material, preparation of subgrades and foundations, construction of embankments and other utilization or disposal of materials excavated, and the compaction and dressing of excavated areas and embankments. This work shall also consist of any required site grading in accordance with the details in the plans and/or as directed by the Engineer. The work of excavatio n for structures is covered separately under Section 206 and not included under this section.
203.01.1 Unclassified Excavation. Unclassified excavation will consist of all
excavation materials of whatever character encountered in the wo rk except for those classes of excavation for which separate pay items are provided. 203.01.2--Rock Excavation. When shown as a pay item, rock excavation will consist of material that cannot be excavated without blasting and shall also include large boulders and detached stones having volumes of one-half cubic yard or more. The use of the words "rock," "boulders," "stone," or synonyms of these words appearing elsewhere on the plans, soil profile or these specifications does not imply that these materials may be included under this classification unless so indicated in the contract proposal. The Contractor shall immediately notify the Engineer when rock excavation is encountered during the progress of the work so the necessary measurements may be made for determining the volume removed.
203.01.3 Muck Excavation. Muck excavation will consist of the excavation, removal
and disposal of natural deposits of soils and organic matter in accordance with the provisions of Subsection 203.03.7. Muck excavation shall not be identified by visual means but will be sampled and tested, at a frequency determined by the Engineer, to verify its classification. Muck excavation is defined as a saturated soil having an organic content of at least six percent (6%) as determined by Mississippi Test Method MT-29, or AASHTO T 267. It is the intent that all areas of muck excavation will be located and defined during the design phase of a project. However, if additional areas of questionable material are found during construction, the material shall be tested to see if it is a saturated soil having an organic content of six percent (6%) or more be fore it is considered muck. If the material is defined as a muck, based on testing, the method of removal should not be an issue and the material should be paid for as 203-D, Muck Excavation. Excavated material not meeting the herein es tablished requirements for classification as muck excavation shall be used , measured and paid for under the pay item in which the material is being used. In extreme cases, in non-organic areas where all efforts to drain the area and/or dry the material have proved unsuccessful, the Project Engineer, in consultation with the District Materials Engineer and District Construction Engineer, shall make the determination as to whether the material will be classified as muck excavation or unclassified excavation. Removal of muck excavation shall be in accordance with the requirements of Subsection 104.05.
203.01.4 Borrow Excavation. Borrow excavation will consist of approved material
required for the construction of embankments or other portions of the work and shall be obtained from approved sources outside the right-of-way except as provided in Subsection 203.03.3. Unless otherwise provided in the contract, the Contractor shall make arrangements for obtaining borrow and pay all costs involved. Contractor- furnished borrow shall meet the requirements of Subsections 106.02.2 and 703.21.
203.01.5 Channel Excavation. When shown as a pay item, channel excavation will
consist of excavation and disposal of all material from widening, deepening or straightening of an existing channel, or construction of a new channel. The Contractor shall furnish a disposal area unless otherw ise provided in the contract. Material designated as channel excavation and used in the roadbed or other required embankment construction will be measured for payment as channel excavation only.
203.01.6 Excess Excavation. When shown as a pay item, excess excavation will
consist of excavation that cannot be satisfactorily used or disposed of within the right-of- way. Exclusive of muck excavation, excess excavation may include any type, kind, or class of excavation that the Engineer determines must be removed from the right-of-way. It will not include any excess caused by the Contractor importing too much excavation from sources outside the roadway structure; in such case, the excess excavation shall be removed from the right-of-way without cost to the State. Unless otherwise indicated in the contract, th e Contractor shall provide a disposal area for excess excavation. Removal of excess excavation shall be in acco rdance with the requirements of Subsection 104.05.
203.01.7 Surplus Excavation. When shown as a pay item, surplus excavation will
consist of excavation within the right-of-way that is in excess or unsuitable for embankments but can be satisfactorily used or disposed of within the right-of-way.
203.02 Blank .
203.03 Construction Requirements .
203.03.1 General . Excavation and embankment operations may be started at the
location and in the sequence approved by the Engineer when:
a.sufficient clearing and grubbing has been completed and accepted; (b) the work has been cross sectioned and slope staked; (c) installation of required pipes, culver ts, and approved backfills are complete;
d.the site has been prepared in a ccordance with these specifications; and
e.the Contractor is aware of proper methods of haul and disposal of material. Excavations and embankments shall be finished to reasonably smooth and uniform surfaces. No material shall be wasted without permission of the Engineer. Excavation operations shall be conducted in a manner that material outside the construction limits will not be unnecessarily disturbed. No excavation or embankment shall be placed while frozen or placed on frozen materials. Where plating with topsoil is contemplated, either in cut or fill sections, appropriate adjustment shall be made in the graded section during construction so that the finished section after plating will conform to the typical sections shown on the plans. Unless otherwise specified, rock larger than three inches shall be removed from the roadbed to a minimum depth of eight inches below subgrade and backfilled with material designated on the plans or approved by the En gineer. Care shall be taken that undrained pockets are not left in the surface of rock. Rock removed more than 12 inches below subgrade will not be measured for payment and backfilling in excess of 12 inches will be at the expense of the Contractor. Removal of boulders and subsequent backfilling are excluded from the 12-inch limitation. Borrow material should no t be placed until excavation from the roadway has been utilized as shown on the plans. Excess material determined to have been caused by the Contractor importing too much excavation from sources outside the roadway shall be removed from the right-of-way in accordan ce with Subsection 104 .05 unless permission is given by the Engineer that the material may be disposed of within the right-of-way. In either case, the volume of excess material will be measured by the method deemed most appropriate by the Engineer under the provisions of Subsection 109.01 and deducted from measured quantities. The Contractor shall not excavate beyond the dimensions and elevations established or approved, and no material shall be moved prior to the staking out and cross-sectioning of the site. If borrow material is to be measured for payment in its original position (FM), the finished borrow areas shall be left in a condition suitable to accurately measure the material used. Additional requirements shall be those applicable conditions governing the use of local materials as set out in Section 106. Obliteration of old roadways shall include all operations necessary to incorporate the old roadway into the new roadway or into the surrounding right-of-way in a way that will provide a pleasing appearance from the new roadway. Unless other pay items are provided, roadway obliteration will be paid for as unclassified excavation. When excavating operations encounter the remains of prehistoric dwelling sites or other artifacts of historical or arch eological significance, the oper ations shall be temporarily discontinued. The Engineer will contact appropriate authorities to determine their significance and appropriate disposition. When directed by the Engineer, the Contractor shall excavate the site in a manner to preserve the artifacts encountered, or aid in the determination of significance and disposition, and when ordered, shall remove them for delivery to the custody of the proper State authorities. Such excavation and removal will be considered and paid for as Extra Work. If excavation to grade results in a foundation, subgrade, or slope of unsuitable soil, the Engineer may require the Contractor to remove unsuitable materials and backfill to the required grade with approved material. Slides or other soil failures shall be removed by the Contractor unless their removal is waived by the Engineer. The Contractor shall conduct operations in such a way that the E ngineer can take the necessary cross sections before backfill is placed. The Engineer may designate as unsuitable those soils that, at the proper moisture content, cannot be processed to the required density and stability. All unsuitable material shall be disposed of as specified or directed. When the Engineer orders or the contract requires excavation to be handled more than one time prior to final placement, such as topsoil to be stockpiled and reserved for later use, payment will be made at the contract unit price for the class excavation involved for each handling approved by the Engi neer, or it will be paid as another item of work for the final handling when so specified. The topsoil shall be dressed vertically with a dozer or other tracked equipment.
203.03.2 Topsoil . Where the salvaging and stockpiling of topsoil is specified, this
operation shall be completed before beginning excavation of the underlying material.
203.03.3 Borrow Excavation from Within the Right-of-Way . When the contract
indicates borrow excavation to be paid for as final measure-embankment (FME), the plans may also identify certain estimated excavation volumes by the symbol ESFE (Estimated State Furnished Excavation). Suitable quantities of ESFE may be used by the Contractor without charge in the construction of embankments to be measured FME. Quantities of ESFE shown on the plans are for the Contractor's information only and may vary or may be varied by the Engineer. The change in quantity shall not be cause for additional compensation. Excavation designated as ESFE is required to be performed and will not be measured in its original position. ESFE suitable for use in embankment or other features of the work shall be used and will be included in measur ed quantities of borrow excavation (FME). Any materials indicated as ESFE that are fo und to be unsuitable shall be removed and disposed of as provided elsewhere in the contract. 203.03.4--Construction of Bridge Approaches . The construction of "spill through" embankments and approaches shall be the responsibility of the grading Contractor. The existence of a separate contract awarded for bridge construction will not alter this responsibility. The grading Contractor shall construct the bridge approaches to subgrade elevation and extending a minimum of 100 feet from each bri dge end as soon as practicable. All bridge end slopes shall be finished to the lines and grades specified except the allowable tolerance for initial construction of bridge end slopes to be paved is plus six inches. The bridge Contractor shall drive the piling through the fill, complete the end bents, end spans, and slope paving as soon as practicable after the bridge end fills have been placed in order that the grading may be completed by the grading Contractor. The bridge Contractor is responsible for the final shaping of the "spillthrough" embankment for placement of slope paving or riprap.
203.03.5 Excavation Operations. Excavation operations shall be so conducted as to minimize the loosening of materials outside the required slopes or below the indicated
grade. No payment will be made for the re moval, disposal or re placement of material determined to be loosened or undercut through carelessness or negligence on the part of the Contractor. Neither will payment be made for excavation that is used for purposes other than designated except as provided in Subsection 104.06. When practicable, excavation and disposal of the material shall be conducted in such a manner that the most suitable material will be placed in the top courses of embankments. Also, adequate drainage that will conform to the finished drainage system shall be maintained. All earth cut slopes shall be dressed to sm ooth and uniform surfaces to conform to the specified sections. The allowable horizontal tolerance at subgrade elevation will be five-tenths of a foot. The allowable tolerance from staked cut slopes will be plus or minus five tenths of a foot horizontally for each 10 feet of depth. Allowable vertical tolerances at subgrade elevation shall be in accordance with the tolerances se t out in Section 321. Care shall be taken to avoid overshooting of material when blasting. All rock cut slopes shall be left with a reasonably uniform surf ace, and all loose, shattered or overhanging rock shall be removed.
203.03.6 Muck Excavation . The depth and width of muck excavation will normally be
shown on the plans. The excavation and subsequent basement soil formation shall be completed as soon as practicable in order to obtain maximum consolidation prior to final shaping of the subgrade and subsequent construction of the pavement structure. When directed by the Engineer, other unsatis factory foundation material beneath or immediately adjacent to the muck shall be re moved and disposed of as muck excavation. Excavation of muck shall proceed ahead of backfilling or embankment operations for the full width and depth shown on the plans or as directed. Placing of embankment material in the excavat ed area by backdumping may be permitted when the Engineer determines this method of placement to be satisfactory. In this case, placement shall immediately follow the muck re moval, and where deemed desirable, the fill shall be constructed forward in a wedge shape with as much of a surcharge above grade as practicable to afford maximum di splacement of the remaining muck. Pressure developed on the advancing toe of the em bankment by the displaced muck shall be relieved by excavating and removing the muck. Otherwise, embankment construction shall be performed in accordance with the provisions of Subsection 203.03.8. The Contractor shall take necessary precautions to ensure that stream channels and drainage ditches will not be filled by movement of muck. Displaced materials adjacent to the roadway shall be leveled or disposed of as specified. In any cas e, the material shall be left in such a manner that it will not pr esent an unsatisfactory appearance, interfere with essential drainage or prevent proper embankment formation.
203.03.7 Disposal of Unsuitable, Surplus, Channel and Excess Excavation . All
material encountered in excavation within the right-of-way that is unsuitable for use in the work shall be removed and disposed of as specified in the contract or as directed. Unsuitable material shall be understood to be any material that, at the proper moisture content, cannot be processed to the required density and stability. The Contractor will be paid for unsuitable material ordered excavated and disposed of and the required backfill material at the respective contract prices except when the unsuitable material was placed under the contract. Unless otherwise specified, the Contractor shall provide at no additional costs to the State the location for the disposal of muck and excess excavation and shall furnish the Engineer with two signed copies of the release as provided in Subsection 104.05. Removal of muck and excess excavation shall be in accordance with the requirements of Subsection 104.05. Surplus excavation as defined in Subsection 203.01.7 shall be used for widening of embankments, flattening slopes or at other locations within the right-of-way for the purpose indicated. If there is more surplus ex cavation than can be effectively used within the right-of-way, the Engineer may reclassi fy the excavation as excess excavation as defined in Subsection 203.01.6 when the contract contains a bid item for excess excavation or order its di sposal as extra work. Unless specified for use in embankments, channel excavation may be used to fill old channels when so designated on the plans and to fill washes and gullies or wasted as directed by the Engineer. It shall be spread and leveled or otherwise shaped to blend with the adjacent terrain and shall not obstruct dr ainage, interfere with the property rights of others or present an unsatisfactory appearance.
203.03.8 Embankment Construction .
203.03.8 1--General . Embankment construction shall consist of constructing roadway
embankments, dikes, placing and compacting of approved material where unsuitable material has been removed, backfilling of structures where not otherwise provided for and placing and compacting embankment material in holes, pits or other depressions. This work shall also consist of preparation of the areas upon which embankments are to be constructed. Only approved materials shall be placed in embankments and backfills. Unsuitable or perishable materials such as rubbish, sod, brush, roots, logs, stumps after removal, heavy vegetation, sawdust, etc., shall not be incorporated in embankments. Rocks, broken concrete, or other solid materi al shall not be placed in embankment areas where piles are to be driven. Special materials for inundated areas, filter be ds, etc., or special backfill may be specified elsewhere in the contract.
203.03.8 2--Preparation of Embankment Areas . Preparation of embankment areas
shall be in accordance with one or a combination of the following procedures:
a.All grade points shall be undercut and backfilled with suitable material as directed by the Engineer and compacted to the density for the design soil portion of embankments. The material excavated fr om the undercut, if suitable, shall be used in other portions of the work. Th e undercut at each grade point shall be approximately three feet below subgrade. The undercut shall be extended a sufficient distance into the cut to provide an undercut grade at the point of intersection with the subgrade of not less than three feet below natural ground. Approved undercut will be measured for payment as excavation.
b.Where an old road surface containing granular materials or surface treatment is less than three feet below subgrade, the ol d road shall be scarified as directed. The scarified material shall be compacted to the density specified for the design soil portion of the embankment prior to placing additional material.
c.Unless otherwise specified or directed by the Engineer, all sod, vegetation and unsuitable soil shall be removed from the surface upon which the embankment is to be constructed when the height of the embankment to subgrade will be three feet or less. The cleared surface shall be thoroughly mixed by plowing, scarifying or disk-harrowing to a depth of at least six inches. The area shall then be compacted to the density specified for the design soil portion of the embankment. The removed vegetation and unsuitable soil shall be disposed of as directed. No measurement for payment will be made unl ess the Engineer requires that the material be loaded and hauled for use or disposal in another area. In this case, measurement for payment will be made as provided in Subsection 203.04 and haul will be paid as provided in Section 205. No direct payment will be made for the plowing, scarifying or disk-harrowing.
d.In areas where the height of embankment to subgrade is to be greater than three feet, all material determined by the Engineer to be unsuitable as a foundation of the embankment shall be undercut and disposed of as directed. All sod on other areas shall be thoroughly disk-harrowed before construction of the embankment. Approved undercut will be measured for payment as excavation and haul will be paid as provided for in Section 205. No direct payment will be made for the disk-harrowing.
e.Where embankment is to be constructed against existing roadway slopes or on hillsides, the slopes that are steeper than 6:1 shall be continuously benched as the new work is constructed on the slope. Benching shall be of sufficient depth and width to permit operation of the construction equipment. Each horizontal cut shall begin at the intersection of the original ground or slope and the vertical side of the previous cut. Suitable mate rial thus cut out shall be re-compacted along with the new embankment material and will not be measured for payment.
203.03.8 3--Embankment Formation. After the area has been prepared as specified, the
embankment shall be constructed in full-width layers parallel to the finished grade. Except as herein provided, the non-compacted thickness of each layer shall not exceed eight inches and shall be spread, shaped and compacted to the required density and stability. The completed embankment shall conform to the line, grade, and cross-section. The required stability in embankment construction shall be that which the Engineer determines can be reasonably obtained at th e proper moisture content for the material being placed. Sponginess, shoving or other displacement under heavy equipment will be considered prima facie evidence of the lack of stability. Direct casting or similar methods will not be permitted unless authorized in writing by the Engineer. When direct casting is authorized, all material shall be moved from the point where it is deposited, spread and compact ed in uniform layers as specified herein.
203.03.8 4--Basement Soils. Reference is made to Figure 1 at the end of Subsection 101 regarding basement soils. In low, swampy ground that will not support the weight of
hauling equipment, the Engineer may permit the bottom portion of the embankment to be built in a uniformly distributed layer of sufficient thickness to support the construction equipment. However, this method will not be permitted in any portion of the embankment within three feet of the subgrade. Where the embankment material is from an inconsistent soil deposit, construction shall be performed so as to eliminate pockets or strata of varying materials. Each layer shall be disk-harrowed and heavily bladed for its full depth; or moved from its position of deposit by appropriate equipment; or processed by other means to the extent necessary to eliminate pockets or stratification of the embankment materials. The layer shall then be shaped and compacted in accordance with these specifications. Rock shall be distributed over the embankment area to avoid bridging, nests or pockets, and all voids shall be completely filled with earth or stone fragments and compacted. Where only occasional boulders are encounter ed, they shall be placed near the outer slopes in lower portions of the embankment. Where the excavated material consists predom inately of rock fragments of sizes that cannot be placed in layers of the thickness specified with out crushing, pulverizing or further breaking down of pieces resulting fr om excavation methods, the material may be placed in layers not exceeding the thickness of the approximate average size of the rocks, but in no case to exceed three feet. The ba lance of the embankment shall be composed of suitable material placed in layers not exceeding eight inches in loose thickness and compacted as specified.
203.03.8 5--Design Soils . Reference is made to Figure 1 at the end of Subsection 101
regarding design soils. Each layer of the design soil shall be disk-harrowed and heavily bladed for its full depth, or processed by other approved means to the extent necessary to provide a layer of material reasonably uniform in character. Each layer shall then be shaped and compacted in accordance with these specifications.
203.03.8 6--Backfill and Embankment Formation Adjacent to Structures .
Backfilling around structures shall not start until permission has been granted by the Engineer as referenced in Subsection 601.03.6.3. After approval is given to proceed, the work shall be performed under the supervision of the Engineer or the Engineer’s designated representative. Material used shall be suitable material obtained from structure excavation, roadway and drainage excavation or other designated material. The material shall be approved before placement and shall be the best available from th e source. It shall preferably be sandy or loamy non-plastic material and free from large lumps, clods, rock or other objectionable matter. Adequate provision shall be made for thorough drainage of all backfilling. The backfill material shall be deposited in uniform and parallel layers not to exceed eight inches of loose material on each side of box bridges, culverts or other structures. Each layer shall be processed by approved methods for its full depth and to the extent necessary to provide a layer of material reasonably uniform in character and shall be so placed and compacted that drainage of the la yer will be away from both the longitudinal and the transverse axes of the structure. In addition, the backfill for abutments, retaining walls, wing walls or other structures or secti ons thereof shall be built in layers with each layer being constructed for the full length of the unit and special precaution shall be taken to prevent any wedging actio n against the structure. The material for each layer shall be unifor mly compacted with ap proved mechanical equipment or self-powered mechanical tampers to not less than the density required in the adjacent embankment. The work shall be conducted so as to form a berm of compacted soil of sufficient width on each side of the st ructure. The berm at the top of the structure shall be at least six feet in width. The slop es of the backfill shall not be steeper than 2:1 at any point. Unless otherwise specified, backfilling shall continue as applicable to the level of the original ground or to an elevation at least one foot above the top of the structure or to the top of the graded section when less than one foot of cover is provided. The work shall be conducted in a manner that the Engineer can make the necessary tests for compaction as the work progresses. The Contractor shall repair, restore with new work or make good without extra compensation all damage to the structure as a result of the backfilling operation. Payment for this construction shall be included in the contract unit price for the material with which backfill is made.
203.03.8 7--Compaction of Embankments . All embankment material shall be at the
moisture content determined to be proper for the particular material being placed so that the resulting work will be both dense and stable. It shall be the Contractor's responsibility to maintain the proper moisture content during compaction operations and the Engineer may require additional moisture or drying as necessary without additional compensation. The material shall be compacted until the re quired density, dete rmined in accordance with Subsections 700.03 and 700.04, has been attained and the embankment is stable. Acceptance of compaction will be on a lot basis. A lot size will be based on the Contractor's hourly production rate as set out in Department's SOP. For basement and design soils, the required density shall be 95.0 percent and 98.0 percent, respectively. If a density test is w ithin minus two percent (-2.0%), 93.0 to 95.0% or 96.0 to 98.0%, of the required density, a verification test will be performed and the average of the two tests will be the test value for the lot. The lot shall be rejected if this test value does not meet the required density (95.0 or 98.0%). If the original test value exceeds minus two percent (-2%) of the requi red density, no verification test will be performed and the lot shall be rejected. Acceptance of compaction for st ructural backfill w ill be considered a separate frame of work. The backfill at each structure up to a de pth of five feet will be considered a lot. For long structures, the Engineer may specify that the backfill be divided into smaller lots. Each lot will be divided into four approximately equal sublots with two density tests taken at random on each side of the structure. The single test and the lot average shall conform to the required densities set forth above for basement soils or design soils as applicable. The Contractor shall make allowance for shrinkage and compaction in the construction of embankment.
203.03.8 8--Tolerances. The tolerances shown below as allowable shall not prevent the
work from meeting the requirements of Subsection 105.03. Allowable vertical tolerances for design soils at subgrade elevation shall be in accordance with the tolerances set out in Section 321. The allowable horizontal tolerance at subgrade elevation will be five-tenths of a foot. The allowable tolerance from staked slopes on fills will be plus or minus five-tenths of a foot horizontally for each 10 feet of fill height except where surplus excavation is required or permitted by the Engineer for widening embankments or flattening slopes. In these cases tolerances will be modified accordingly.
203.03.9 Site Grading. Site grading shall consist of excavating or shaping foreslopes,
backslopes, or areas shown on the plans to the satisfaction of the Engineer. When site grading is performed and the yield of material from shaping the designated area is in excess of the material needed, such material will be removed and disposed of as directed by the Engineer. Payment of removed material will be made at the contract price for the class excavation involved. Clearing and grubbing, if required, shall be included in the bid item for clearing and grubbing. If no bid item for clearing and grubbing is included in the contract, it shall be included in the contract unit price for site grading. The equipment used to site grade shall be capable of grading the site to a uniform and smooth surface as directed by the Engineer.
203.03.10 Maintenance of Earthwork . The Contractor shall satisfactorily maintain all
portions of the work until release of mainte nance by the Engineer as referenced in Subsections 105.14, 105. 15, 105.16 and 107.17. The Cont ractor shall replace, restore or reconstruct without extra compensation all portions, including materials, determined by the Engineer to have been displaced or damaged due to carelessness or negligence. Carelessness or negligence may include, but not be limited to, improperly maintained; inadequate drainage; failure to remove forms or obstructions; failure to properly prosecute and complete work within the specified time; neglecting to establish erosion control items in accordance with the provisions of Subsection 107.22 and Section 210 or other avoidable causes for displacement or damages.
203.04 Method of Measurement . Items of excavation listed in the proposal will be
measured as set forth herein, unless otherwise stipulated.
203.04.1 Unclassified, Rock, Muck, Channel, Excess and Surplus Excavation .
These items will be measured by the cubic yard final measure (FM) or loose vehicular measure (LVM) in accordance with Subsecti on 109.01. The unit of measurement for each item will be shown on the proposal bid sheets. Excavation identified as ESFE will not be measured for payment as excavation except as provided herein. Excavation identified as ESFE that is unsuita ble for placement in the designated roadway prism may be used to construct berms, flatten slopes, wasted on the right-of-way or disposed of by the Contractor off the right-of-way as directed by the Engineer and will be measured for payment under Pay Item No. 203-A, Unclassified Excavation. When the contract does not include a bid price for unclassified excavation, the ESFE will be measured for payment under Pay Item No . 203-EX, Borrow Excavation (ESFE) (FM) (AH), per cubic yard at a unit price equal to 75 percent of the contract unit price for contractor furnished borrow excavation.
203.04.2 Borrow Excavation-State Furnished . Borrow excavation will be measured
in accordance with Subsection 109.01 by the cubic yard FM, FME or LVM. The unit of measure will be shown on the proposal bid sheets. When measurement is by FME, it will include excavation identified as ESFE which ha s been incorporated into the embankment.
203.04.3 Borrow Excavation-Contractor Furnished . Contractor furnished borrow will
be measured in accordance with Subsection 109. 01 by the cubic yard FME or LVM. The unit of measure will be shown on the proposal bid sheets. When measurement is by FME, it will include excavation identified as E SFE which has been incorporated into the embankment. Undercut required by the En gineer prior to placement of embankment material that is suitable for placement in other furnished portions of the embankment will be measured for payment as contractor borrow excavation. Undercut that is unsuitable for placement in the designated roadway prism may be used elsewhere and measured for payment as provided in Subsection 203.04.1 for unsuitable material identified as ESFE.
203.04.4 Haul . Haul of excavation, when authorized for payment, will be measured in
accordance with Subsection 205.04. Unless otherwise provided, haul will not be measured for channel excavation, muck excavation or contractor furnished borrow excavation. Nor will haul be measured for payment of the other excavation items when the pay item description contains the symbol "AH" for absorbed haul.
203.04.5 Site Grading . Site grading, complete and accepted, will be measured by the
acre or square yard. Only areas shown on th e plans or directed by the Engineer will be considered for measur ement of payment.
203.05 Basis of Payment . Excavation items, measured as prescribed above, will be
paid for at the contract unit price per cubic ya rd, square yard or acre, which price shall be full compensation for completing the work. Payment will be made under: 203-A: Unclassified Excavation, FM or LVM - per cubic yard 203-B: Rock Excavation, FM or LVM - per cubic yard 203-C: Blank 203-D: Muck Excavation, FM or LVM - per cubic yard 203-E: Borrow Excavation, FM, FME or LVM , Class____ - per cubic yard 203-F: Channel Excavation, FM or LVM - per cubic yard 203-G: Excess Excavation, FM or LVM - per cubic yard 203-H: Surplus Excavation, FM or LVM - per cubic yard The symbol "AH" may be added to the pay item descriptions as provided in Subsection 203.04.4. 203-I: Site Grading - per square yard or acre Material Furnished by Contractor : 203-EX: Borrow Excavation, AH, FME or LVM , Class____ - per cubic yard 203-EX: Borrow Excavation, ESFE, FM, AH* - per cubic yard * This pay item is not to be included in the plans or contract proposal. Section 204 Section 204 SECTION 204 - GEOGRID REINFORCEMENT OF EMBANKMENT SLOPES AND SUBGRADES
204.01 Description. This work shall consist of furnishing and installing geogrid for
reinforcement of embankment slopes and/or subgrades as shown on the plans and in conformance with th ese specifications.
204.02 Material Requirements. The geogrid shall meet the requirements of Subsection
714.15.
204.03 Construction Requirements.
204.03.1 Preparation of Design Grade of Geogrid.
204.03.1 1--Preparation of Foundation Soil . An embankment site that is to receive
geogrid reinforcement upon the foundation soil shall be cleared and graded to establish a relatively smooth surface. Trees and stumps are to be cut off at the ground line and sawdust or sand placed over these areas to provide a cushion for the geogrid.
204.03.1 2--Preparatio n of Basement Soils . An embankment that is to receive geogrid
reinforcement located within the basement soil portion of the embankment shall be brought up to the proper grade as shown on the plans and compacted to the required density. The surface shall be left rough so as to provide for a good bond with the next embankment lift above the geogrid.
204.03.1 3--Preparation of Design Soils or Subgrades . A design soil or subgrade that
is to receive geogrid shall be shaped an d compacted to the required density thus providing a smooth finish, free of loose material and sharp objects.
204.03.2 Geogrid Installation . Geogrid shall be placed coincidently with the
compacted lift nearest the design elevation shown on the plans. No partial or half-lift thicknesses are required; however, at no time shall the placement elevation deviate by more than one foot fro m the design grade. Correct orientation of the geogrid shall be verified by the Engineer. Geogrid shall be secured in-place to pr event movement while being covered.
204.03.3 Overlaps and Joints.
204.03.3 1--Uniaxial Geogrids. Uniaxial geogrid sha ll be placed in continuous
longitudinal strips in the direction of main reinforcement and adjacent strips do not need to be overlapped. However, if the Contract or is unable to complete a required length with a single continuous length of geogrid, a joint may be made with the Engineer's approval. This joint shall be made for the full width of the strip by interlacing over and under the main reinforcing strands using a solid rod or hollow pipe of similar material and strength. No end joints will be allowed in any two adjacent strips or within 10 feet of the face of the embankment or, in the case of a spill through slope, in front of the abutment. In the event that the length of geogrid reinforcement is greater than the roll length, then end joints will be allowed in adj acent strips, but they cannot be within 75 feet of one another as measured along the length of the strip. Every effort should be made to
Source: Mississippi Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2017 Edition. Pages 121–132 of 1,113.