403Asphalt Pavements

402.05 Basis of Payment. Subject to the adjustments set forth in Subsection 402.02.6.3,

Open Graded Friction Course, measured as pr escribed above, will be paid for at the contract unit price per ton and shall be full compensation for completing the work. Bituminous Tack Coat, measured as prescribed above, will be paid for at the contract unit price per gallon, which price shall be full compensation for completing the work. Payment will be made under the following items: 402-A: Open Graded Friction Course, * - per ton Mixture 402-B: Bituminous Tack Coat - per gallon * 9.5-mm mixture or 12.5-mm mixture SECTION 403 - ASPHALT PAVEMENTS

403.01 Description. This work consists of constructing one or more lifts of asphalt

pavement meeting the requirements of Section 401 on a prepared surface in accordance with the requirements of this section and in reasonably close conf ormity with the lines, grades, thicknesses, and typical cross sections shown on the plans or established by the Engineer. This work shall also include applicable in-grade preparation of the underlying course in accordance with Section 321. The Contractor must select one of the asphalt mixture processes (HMA or WMA) to be used on this project.

403.02 Material Requirements . Materials and their use shall conform to the applicable

requirements of Subsection 401.02.

403.03 Construction Requirements .

403.03.1 General . Construction requirements shall be as specified in Subsection

401.03, except as otherwise indicated in this section or applicable special provisions.

403.03.2 Smoothness Tolerances . Except as noted herein, the finished smoothness of

each lift shall conform to the designated grade and cr oss section within the following tolerances from grade stakes or other grade reference points set at 25-foot intervals: Lower* & Lower* Top Leveling Intermediate Intermediate Surface Lifts Lift Lift Lift Maximum deviation from grade and cross section at any point ........................................ 1/2" 3/8" 1/4" 1/4" Maximum deviation from A 10 foot straight edge ...................... 3/8" 1/4" 1/8" 1/8" Note: Where more than four (4) lifts of asph alt are required, all lifts, excluding the top three (3) lifts, shall meet the requirements of the lower lift. * When tested longitudinally from a stringline located equidistant above points 50 feet apart, the distance from the stringline to the surface at any two points located 12½ feet apart shall not vary on e from the other more than the maximum deviation allowed above from a 10-foot straight edge. Grade stakes or other grade reference points set at 25-foot intervals and maximum deviation from grade and cross section will not be required provided an approved profile averaging device is furnished and properly used for the four conditions set forth herein; however, all other surface re quirements are applicable.

403.03.2 1--Smoothness Tolerances for Mean Roughness Index (MRI). Smoothness

tolerances shall be applied to asphalt pa vements based on the following pavement categories. Category A applies to the following pavement constructions:  New construction  Construction with three (3) or more lifts  Mill and two (2) or more lifts Category B applies to the following pavement constructions:  Mill and one (1) lift  Two (2) lift overlays without milling Category C applies to the following pavement constructions:  Single lift overlay without milling  All 57,650-pound routes regardless of the pavement construction Additional projects may qualify for Category C construction at the Department’s discretion. Spot leveling / preliminary leveling does not count as a lift. Full width / continuous leveling courses that have a mini mum thickness of ¾” across the entire lane width will be considered a lift. Category A projects shall have a long contin uous interval ( 528-foot) surface MRI of not more than 60 inches per mile. Category B projects shall have a long continuous interval ( 528-foot) surface MRI of not more than 70 inches per mile. Category C projects shall have the existing surf ace profiled at no additional cost to the State. These projects shall be measured by a long fixed interval (528-foot) surface MRI and meet the higher value of the following requirements: A 50% improvement in MRI from the existing surface or 80 inches per mile In the case that 50% of the existing surface MRI is greater than 80 inches per mile, the short continuous threshold shall be increased from 160 inches per mile by the difference between 50% of the existing surface MRI and 80 inches per mile. For all projects, areas of the surface lift with loca lized roughness greater than 160 inches per mile as determined by the continuous short interval (25’) report will be identified for correction by the Project Engineer. When a project has multiple lifts, the lift und erlying the surface lift shall have a MRI of no more than 10 inches/mile more than the surface lift threshold for both long and short continuous intervals. Category B projects containing multiple lifts must meet the Category C percent improvement requirement for the underlying lift. Corrective action must be taken on those segments that do not meet this requirement. No unit price adjustment will be applied on any underlying lift. For Category A and B projects, a unit price increase will be added when the MRI for the final surface lift, prior to any required lo calized roughness (short interval) corrective action, is less than or equal to fifty inches per mile (50.0 inches / mile) on the long interval report. These Projects will be considered for incentive pay based on the following guidelines for the long interval surface lift MRI. Mean Roughness Index inches / mile Contract Price Adjustment Percent of Asphalt Unit Bid Price Less than 35.0 108 35.1 to 40.0 106 40.1 to 45.0 104 45.1 to 50.0 102 50.1 to Required Surface MRI 100 In addition to the above pay incentive factors, a project may be subject to a disincentive when the Long Continuous Interval MRI for th e surface exceeds the allowable tolerance. Mean Roughness Index (inches / mile) Contract Price Adjustment Percent of Asphalt Unit Bid Price Above 20.0 Over REMOVE AND REPLACE 15.1 to 20.0 Over 80 10.1 to 15.0 Over 85 5.1 to 10.0 Over 90 0.1 to 5.0 Over 95 Required Surface MRI 100 For Category C projects, segments may be subject to a disincentive when the Fixed Interval MRI for the surface does not meet the minimum requirements. Percent Improvement MRI (inches/mile) Contract Price Adjustment Percent of Asphalt Unit Bid Price Below 30 Percent 80 * 30.1 to 35.0 Percent 80 35.1 to 40.0 Percent 85 40.1 to 45.0 Percent 90 45.1 to 50.0 Percent 95 Above 50% 100 * Segments that not only show less than 30 percent improvement but also a final surface MRI greater than 100 inches/mile will be subject to removal. Segment(s) or portions thereof representing areas excluded from a smoothness test shall also be excluded from consideration for a contract price adjustment for rideability. Where a segment less than 528 feet occurs at the end of a section, it will be combined with the preceding 528-foot segment for calcu lation of MRI. Corrective action must be taken on those sections that exceed the ‘R emove and Replace’ threshold as directed by the Project Engineer. The minimum remove and replace length will be 528 feet (0.1 mile). Additional smoothness testing shall be required on sections following replacement and will be required to meet at least the maximum surface MRI short of ‘Remove and Replace’ tolerance. The above pay factors will be applied in conjunction with the Long Continuous Histogram Chart from ProVAL’s Smoothness Assurance Module. The price adjustments for rideability will be tabulated in the Department’s Pay Incentive spreadsheet on the basis of a theoretical tonnage of 110 lbs/yd 2 * inch thickness (pounds per square yard * inch thickness) determined in accordance w ith Subsections 401.02. 6.8 and 403.04, for the segment(s) or portions thereof fo r which an adjustment is warranted.

403.03.3 Thickness Requirements . Asphalt overlay lifts shall be constructed as nearly

in accordance with the thickness shown on the plans as the underlying pavement and foundation will permit. Periodic and cumulative yield tests will be made to determine practicable conformity to the thickness of each lift. The Engineer may order modifications in placement thicknesses to pr event unwarranted variations in plan quantities. When the paver is operating off an established grade line, no thickness determination will be required for the various lifts of pavement. It is understood that the tolerances from design grade will control the thickness requirements. When grade stakes are eliminated by Notice to Bidders or as outlined in Subsection

403.03 2(d) and where resulting in the placement of two (2) or more lifts, acceptance and

payment will be determined on a lot to lot basis by cores taken from the completed pavement. Lots will be coincidental with ac ceptance lots for the su rface lift as provided in Subsection 401.02.6.4, excep t that only lots resulting fr om the placement of mainline surface lift will be used for thickness assessment. One co re will be obtained at random from each lot. Irregular areas will not be cored. When the average thickness of all the cores from the lots representing a day’s production, excluding any discarded by the Engineer for justifiable reason, is within three-eighths of an inch (3/8”) of the total pavement thickness shown on the plans, excluding lift(s) placed using an established grade line, corrective action will not be required and a price adjustment will not be made for non-conformity to specified thickness. When the average thickness of all the cores from the lots representing a day’s production is deficient in thickness by more than three eights of an inch (3/8”) of the total pavement thickness shown on the plans, ex cluding lift(s) placed using an established grade line, the deficiency shall be corrected by overlaying the entire length of the day’s production. The thickness of the overlay shall be equal to the thickness deficiency but no less than the minimum single lift laying thickness for the specified mixture. When the thickness of all the cores from the lots representing a day’s production is more than three eights of an inch (3/8”) thicker than the total thickness shown on the plans, excluding lift(s) placed using an established grade line, a price adjustment will be made in accordance with Subsection 403.05.1. The cores shall be cut and removed by the Contractor in the presence of the Engineer's representative and turned over to the Engineer’s representative for further handling. The Contractor shall fill each core hole with surface lift mixture and compact to the satisfaction of the Engineer within 24 hours after coring.

403.03.4 Lift Corrections . Pavement exceeding the allowable surface tolerances shall

be corrected at the Contractor's expense by the following methods: Lower, Leveling and Lower Intermediate Lifts:

403.03.5 Overlays or Widening and Overlays . In addition to the requirements of

Subsections 403.03.1 through 403.03.4, the following requirements will be applicable when an existing pavement is to be overlaid or widened and overlaid.

403.03.5 1--Blank .

403.03.5 2--Sequence of Operations . In order to expedite the safe movement of traffic

and to protect each phase of th e work as it is performed, a firm sequence of operations is essential. Unless otherwise provided in the traffic control plan and/or the contract, the following appropriate items of work shall be begun and continually prosecuted in the order listed:

403.03.5 4.

403.03.5 3--Wideni ng of Pavement . The foundation for widening shall be formed by

trenching or excavating to the required depth and constructing a smooth, firm and compacted foundation. It shall have sufficient density and stability to withstand the placement and compaction of subsequent lif ts. Soft, yielding and other unsuitable material that the Engineer determines will not compact readily shall be removed and backfilled with granular materi al or asphalt as directed. Except as provided herein, excavation for widening, undercutting or other required excavation shall be spread along the edge of the shoulders, foreslopes or other adjacent areas as directed and will be an absorbed item. When the quantity is in excess of what may be used satisfactorily on adjacent areas, the Engineer may direct that the material be loaded, hauled and spread uniformly on other designated areas. In this case, compensation for handling surplus material will be in accordance with the appropriate pay items as provided in the contract or as extra work. If the plans require widening of the shoulders or embankment with Contractor furnished material, all suitable material obtained from widening excavation may be used and will be measured and paid for as Contractor furnished materials. No measurement for payment of haul will be made. Removal and disposal of old stakes, forms and other debris encountered in excavating shall be in accordance with Section 201 and shall be considered as incidental to and included in the unit prices bid for other items. No separate measurement will be made therefor. Pavement edges and surfaces sha ll be cleaned prior to final shaping and compaction of adjacent trenching or undercut areas. Granular material for widening shall be placed on a previo usly prepared, smooth, firm and unyielding foundation in accordance with the typical section. Density of the granular material shall be as specified. Asphalt for widening, including trench widening, shall meet the applicable requirements of Section 401, Section 403, and shall be pl aced in one or more layers as shown on the plans or directed. The surface of the mixture shall be finished as a continuation of the adjacent pavement slope. Trench rollers or other compaction equipment shall be used to co mpact the foundation, granular material and bituminous mixtures for widening when standard width rolling equipment cannot be used.

403.03.5 4--Patching. Existing pavement that has failed or unsatisfactorily stabilized

shall be removed as directed. Removal of pavement will be measured and paid for under the appropriate pay items as provided in the contract. Backfill shall consist of asphalt or a combination of compacted layers of aggregate material and asphalt. Unless otherwise specified, the Engineer will make this determination based on depth and field conditions. Asphalt used for backfilling will be measured and paid for at the contract unit price for the mixture designated on the plans as the lowest lift. Aggregate will be measured and paid for under the appropriate pay item as pr ovided in the contract or as extra work.

403.03.5 5--Preliminary Leveling. All localized irregularities of the existing pavement,

such as ruts, cross-slope deficiencies, etc., shall be corrected by spot leveling, skin patching, feather edging or a wedge lift in advance of placing the first overall lift.

403.03.5 6--Placement of Lifts . The leveling lift shall be placed in a layer, or layers, not

exceeding approximately two and one- half inches compacted thickness. When single lane construction is required, pl acement of a lift on the adjacent lane may be performed by an approved profile averaging device provided the lane previously placed is within the allowable tolerances for all surface requirements. When any of the tolerances are exceeded, the Contractor shall reestablish the control stringline for laying the adjacent lane should the Contractor elect to perform th is work prior to correcting the deficiencies of the lane previously placed. In no case sh all a "matching shoe" be used to control the grade of an adjacent lane. In instances where there are only minor devia tions from the allowable tolerances in the first overall lift, the Engineer may permit th e Contractor to place the next higher lift by graded stringline in lieu of making the corrections. Single lane placement of leveling, intermediate and surface lifts shall be limited to the distance covered in one and one-half days in advance of that placed in the adjacent lane.

403.03.5 7--Protection of Pavement . The pavement shall be protected and properly

maintained until it has been compacted and cooled sufficiently for use by traffic.

403.04 Method of Measurement . Asphalt pavement, of the type specified, will be

measured by the ton. The weight of the composite mixture shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of Subsection 40 1.03.2.1.11. The pay quantities for each individual job mix formula (JMF) will be calculated using the approved JMF maximum specific gravity (Gmm) and the following formulas. When the composite mixture has a maximum specific gravity of 2.540 or less, Tp = Tw When the composite mixture has a maximum specific gravity greater than 2.540, Tp = Tw((100-(((Gmm*A*B)-C)/(Gmm*A*B))*100))/100 Where: Tp = Total tonnage for payment Tw = Total tonnage weighed, used and accepted Gmm = Maximum Specific Gravity of the approved composite asphalt mixture A = 46.725 lbs/yd 2/in B = 0.93 = 93% density C = 110.374 lbs/yd2/in = Theoretical density at 2.540 Gmm Unless shown as a separate pay item, the furnishing and application of the tack coat will not be measured for payment. When payment is provided, tack coat will be measured as set out in Section 407. Joint sealant will be measured by the linear foot for each joint sealed. The quantity of bituminous mixture required to correct the work, when made at the expense of the Contractor, will not be measured for payment. Any trenching required for widening will not be measured for payment, such cost thereof shall be included in other items of work. Undercut required by the Engineer will be measured for payment under the appropriate excavation item as provided in the contract or as extra work. Pavement removal and any required trenching will not be included in the measurement for undercut. Class "B" structural concrete base substitute d for asphalt under portland cement concrete bridge end pavement, as per Subsection 502.03.1, will be paid for as asphalt calculated as follows: Square yards of portland cement concrete bridge end pavement * concrete base thickness in inches * 0.055 = tons of asphalt.

403.05 Basis of Payment. Subject to the adjustments set out in Subsections 401.02.6.3,

401.02.6 4, 401.02.6.8 & 403.03.2, asphalt paveme nt, measured as prescribed above, will

be paid for at the contract uni t price per ton for each lift of pavement specified in the bid schedule and shall be full compensation for completing the work. Joint sealant will be paid for at the contract unit price per linear foot for each joint which shall be full compensation for furnishing the joint sealant material, cleaning the joint, applying the sealant, and for all equipment, tools, labor, and incidentals necessary to complete the work.

403.05.1 Price Adjustment for Thickness Requirement . When grade stakes are

eliminated as provided in Su bsection 403.03.3 and the average thickness of all cores from lots representing a day’s production is more than three eights of an inch (3/8”) thicker than the total specified thickness of the pavement, excluding lift(s) placed using an established grade line, a lump sum reducti on in payment for the surface lift of lots representing a day’s productio n will be made as follows: Individual Day’s

403.05.2 Pay Items .

Payment will be made under: 403-A: (1) , (4) , Asphalt Pavement - per ton 403-B: (2) , (4) , Asphalt Pavement, Leveling - per ton 403-C: (3) , (4) , Asphalt Pavement, Trench Widening - per ton 403-D: (2) , HT, Asphalt Pavement, Polymer Modified - per ton 403-E: (2) , HT, Asphalt Pavement, Polymer Modified, Leveling - per ton 403-S: Joint Sealant - per linear foot or mile

404.01 Description . This work consists of constructing one or more courses of cold

bituminous pavement in accordance with these specifications and in reasonably close conformity with the lines, grades, thicknesses , and typical cross sections shown on the plans or established by the Engineer. This work shall also include applicable in-grade preparation of the underlying course in accordance with Section 321. The bituminous pavement shall be composed of aggregates and bituminous material, and, if specified, a top dressing of sand , gravel, stone, or slag screenings.

404.02 Materials .

404.02.1 General . Cold bituminous mixtures shall be either a preapproved commercial

cold mix as listed on the Department's APL, or conform to the requirements of the Department's standard cold mixture as set out below.

404.02.2 Preapproved Commercial Cold Bituminous Mixture. Commercial cold

bituminous mixture must be an approved product as listed on the Department's APL. Such approval will be based on satisfactory performance of the cold bituminous mixture on a field test section, placed in accordan ce with the manufacture's recommendations, after from six months to one year's evaluation by the Department. The mixture shall have a minimum shelf life of six months.

404.02.3 Department Standard Cold Bituminous Mixtures - General . Department

standard cold bituminous mixtures shall conform to the requirements of Subsection

703.13 and the requirements as set out below. The mixture shall have a minimum shelf

life of six months.

404.02.3 1--Mineral Filler . Mineral filler shall meet the requirements of Subsection

Section 404 Section 404

703.16 Mineral filler may be used as necessary to obtain desired properties of the

mixture; however, excessive use will not be permitted.

404.02.3 2--Bituminous Materials . Bituminous material shall be cutback asphalt of one

of the grades set out in AASHTO M 82 or, in lieu thereof, a combination of petroleum asphalt cement Grade PG 58-28, 64-22 or 67-22 conforming to Section 702 and a liquefier.

404.02.3 3--Hydrated Lime . Hydrated lime meeting the requirements of Subsection

714.03.2 may be used as a facilitator in the mixture and will be required when siliceous

aggregates are used.

404.03 Construction Requirements .

404.03.1 General . Construction requirements shall be as prescribed in Subsection

401.03, except as modified in the following subsections.

404.03.2 Weather Limitations . Cold bituminous pavement courses shall be placed

only when the air temperature is 40°F or above.

404.03.3 Tack Coat . Unless otherwise directed by th e Engineer, tack coat shall be

applied at a minimum rate of 0.05 gallon per square yard residual asphalt. The tack coat shall be applied as a complete coating, fog coating, or "spider webbing" as directed.

404.03.4 Preparation of Aggregate . When combined with cu t-back asphalt, aggregates

shall be dry and at a temperature of at least 60°F and not more than 225°F. If not already surface dry, aggregates shall be dried at a temperature between 150°F to 300°F and then cooled before being mixed with bituminous material. When combined with emulsified asphalt, the aggregates shall be at a temperature of at least 60°F and not more than 175°F.

404.03.5 Mixing. The prepared aggregates shall be combined in the quantities required

to meet the job-mix formula, introduced into the mixer, and mixed dry for a period sufficient to distribute the various sizes uniformly throughout the batch. The bituminous material shall then be introduced and mixed until the aggregates are thoroughly coated and the mass is a uniform color. The mixing time for each phase of the mixing operations will be set by the Engineer, based on the nature of the aggregates, the job- mix formula, and the size of the batch, but in no case shall the mixing time, after introduction of the bituminous material, be less than two minutes.

404.03.6 Spreading and Finishing . The material shall be spread by a motor grader or

mechanical paver. Where the compacted thickness is to be more than two inches, the mixture shall be spread and compacted in layers of no more than two inches in thickness. When spreading with a motor grader the mixt ure shall be dumped along the centerline or along the outside quarter point in sufficient volume to produce the weight per square yard Section 404 Section 404 indicated or directed. It shall then be moved for its full depth and formed into a windrow of uniform section. The windrow shall then be spread, at the prescribed rate per square yard. While the surface is being compacted and finish ed, the edges shall be shaped to a neat line. 404.03.7--Compaction . Immediately after the mixtur e has been spread, it shall be thoroughly and uniformly compacted. Rolling shall extend over a period of three days after the initial rolling and shall consist of a minimum of two coverages each day.

404.03.8 Top Dressing. When a top dressing of aggr egate is specified, it shall be

applied immediately after the rolling of the surface course. The top dressing shall be applied at the rate specified and rolled as directed.

404.03.9 Surface Tolerances . The distance at any point from a 10 foot straight edge to

the surface shall not exceed three- sixteenths in ch. Lumps or depressions exceeding this tolerance shall be corrected by removing defective work and replacing with new material as directed.

404.04 Method of Measurement . Cold bituminous pavement of the type specified will

be measured by the square yard or ton. When measured by the ton, measurement will be as prescribed in Subsection 403.04.

404.05 Basis of Payment . Cold bituminous pavement will be paid for by the square

yard or ton. Payment on a tonnage basis will be as set out in Subsection 403.05, except no reduction in payment will be made for compaction. Payment will be made under: 404-A: ___” Cold Bituminous Pavement, Type _____ - per square yard or ton 404-B: Aggregate Top Dressing - per ton SECTION 405 – STONE MATRIX ASPHALT

405.01 Description . These specifications include general requirements that are

applicable to Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA). This work consists of constructing one or more lifts of SMA pavement on a prepared surface in accordance with th e requirements of Sections 401 and 403 for Asphalt Pavements, with the exceptions set forth herein. The SMA shall meet the specific requirements for the mixture to be produced and placed in reasonably close conformity with the lines, grades, thicknesses and typical sections shown on the plans or established by the Engineer.

405.02 Materials .

405.02.1 Component Materials .