Nebraska Standard Specifications for Highway Construction — Section 1082

- 977 - SECTION 1082 -- ASPHALT CONCRETE LONGITUDINAL JOINT DENSITY TESTING

1082.01 Description

1.One sample for determination of joint density will be taken randomly from each lot. This joint dens ity sample stands independent of the required standard density per sublot used for determining the average of 5 (five) density pay factor.

1082.02 Equipment

1.Testing shall be conducted in accordance with the AASHTO T 166, NDOT T 587, or an approved Asphalt De nsity Gauge. The Contractor shall insure that the proper adjustment bias and/or correction factors are used and accessible to Department personnel, along with all other inputs when NDOT T 587 or the Asphalt Density Gauge is selected. All correlation factors and test results shall be generated and reported on the Department Superpave Software.

1082.03 Testing

1.The Contractor shall estab lish the method of testing in the preconstruction conference.

2.One sample for determination of joint density will be taken randomly from each lot, as determined by the Engineer. The location of the edge density samples are identified by the Random Sampling Schedule.

3.The joint density core shall be cut 1 (one) inch away (laterally) from the identified edge of the top of the mat.

4.The Contractor shall cut core s the first day of work following placement of the mixtur e. The core samples shall be a minimum of a 3 (three) inch (75mm) diameter.

5.The Department will observe t he Contractor taking, transporting, and testing the cores (as applicable). The Department will take immediate custody of the cores at the completion of the testing. All disputed values determined using NDOT T 587 or the Asphalt Density Gauge will be resolved using AASHTO T166.

6.The Contractor shall determine the density of samples by comparing the specific gravity of the core sample to the Maximum Specific Gravity (Rice). The individual QC test value of the Maximum Mix Specific Gravity (Rice), determined by AASHTO T 209, will be used to calculate the density of each corresponding core.

7.Exceptions to the sampling and testing of joint density core samples for the determination of density are as follows:

a.When the nominal layer thickness is 1 (one) inch (25 mm) or less, the sampling and testing of density for this layer will be waived.

b.When the average thickness for the standard lot is 1 (one) inch (25 mm) or less, the testing of joint density samples for this lot will be waived.

1082.03 Asphalt Concrete Longitudinal Joint Density Testing

- 978 - If requested by the Contractor, a re -test for the original joint density test, taken no later than the working da y following the receipt of the test result, will be allowed. Locations of re-tests will be provided by the Engineer from the Random Sampling Schedule. The density obtained by the re-test shall be used to establish the density pay factor for the lot.

1082.04 Method of Measurement

1.All work related to the Asphaltic Concrete Longitudinal Joint Density Sample will not be measured and paid for but will be subsidiary to the associated asphaltic concrete.

1082.05 Basis of Payment

1.The pay factor shall be computed according to the following table: Joint Density Test Lot Pay Facto r Joint Density SPS SPR SPH 93.0 or greater 102% 102% 102% 92.0 to 92.9 100% 102% 102% 91.0 to 91.9 98% 100% 102% 90.0 to 90.9 98% 98% 100% 89.0 to 89.9 98% 98% 98% 88.9 or Less 98% 98% 98%

2.The pay factor will be incorporated in the production specs calculation in the Superpave Software. Any incentive or disincentive will be added or subtracted to the pay factor after any other applicable production tolerances pay factors have been incorpor ated. The pay factor will apply to the entire lot. INDEX I - 1 _ _____ Sign Support Footing . 226 “ “Preparation of Intersections and Driveways” ........................ 154 4 x 4 Inch Wood Sign Support .......................................... 226 4 x 6 Inch Wood Sign Support .......................................... 226 A AASHTO ................................. 53 Abandon In let ........................ 757 Abandon Juncti on Box .......... 757 Abandon Manh ole ................. 757 Abrasion Qua lity .................... 859 Absorbent Polymer ................ 709 Abutment _____ Excavation . 462 Abutment/Wing Backfill ......... 456 Abutments .... 117, 453, 456, 457, Abutting Jo ints...................... 539 ACA-Ammoniacal Copper Arsenate Waterborne Preservati ve ...................... 967 Accelerated Curing ................ 508 Acceleromete rs ..................... 475 Acceptance ............................. 97 Acceptance Crit eria ............... 591 Acceptance Policy for Portland Cement ............................. 789 Acceptance, final ..................... 68 Access Gate s ........................ 746 Acrylic Plastic ........................ 926 ACZA-Ammonical Copper Zinc Arsenate Waterborne Preservati ve ...................... 967 Additional Excavation for Backfill and Culverts ...................... 461 Addresses ............................... 52 Adjust Manhole to Grade ...... 756 Admixtures .................... 775, 792 Admixtures and Curing Materials .......................................... 792 Description ........................ 792 Material Characteristics ..... 792 Procedures ........................ 793 Aerating Operations ............... 343 Aerial Cabl e ................... 197, 937 Aggregate for Microsurfacing 364 Aggregate Foundation Course ______ .............................. 172 Aggregates .................... 780, 858 Acceptance Requirements 869 Base Course ..................... 866 Bituminous Aggregate ....... 863 Bituminous Sand Aggregate ...................................... 865 Description ........................ 858 Foundation Course ............ 867 General Aggregate Properties ...................................... 858 Material Characteristics ..... 858 Portland Cement Concrete Aggregate ..................... 859 Procedures ........................ 868 Sampling and Testing Procedures ................... 858 Surfacing Aggr egates ........ 865 Agitating Truck ....................... 404 Agitators ................................ 781 Air Compress ors .................... 394 Air Conten t ............................ 503 Air Jets .................................. 469 Air Temperature ............. 485, 489 Air Temperat ures ................... 513 Air-entrain ing ......................... 775 Air-Entrain ing ......................... 792 Alkali .............................. 787, 858 Alkaline Degreasing ............... 222 Allowable Bearing Capacity ... 605 Allowable Devi ations ............... 46 Allowable Tensile Stress 588, 606 Allowable Vari ation ................ 420 Altered Quanti ties .................... 92 Alumina ................................. 787 Aluminum ...................... 892, 905 Aluminum Sheet ............ 222, 892 Aluminum Welding ................. 545 Aluminum Wi re ...................... 906 Aluminum-Coated .................. 910 Aluminum-Zinc ....................... 905 INDEX I - 2 American Standard for Nursery Stock, ................................ 707 Ammoniacal Copper Arsenate .......................................... 954 Ammoniacal Copper Zinc Arsenate ........................... 959 Anchor Bo lt ........................... 578 Anchor Bolt Grout Wells ........ 485 Anchor Bolts . 203, 484, 548, 620, 895, 951 Anchor Guys ......................... 955 Anchor Rods ................. 915, 955 Anchorage Asse mblies ......... 499 ANSI Surface Roughness Rating .......................................... 540 Antioxidant Compound .......... 190 Application Emulsified As phalt ............ 327 Application of Paint ............... 551 Application Rate ... 327, 330, 331, 354, 409, 420, 426, 674 Application Tem perature ....... 341 Application Widths ......... 355, 368 Applied Ra te ......................... 673 Approved Products List ......... 796 Archaeolog ical......................... 64 Area Inlet Protection .............. 699 Armor Coat ............................ 366 Armor Coat Application ......... 367 Army Corps of Engineers Approval ........................... 132 Jurisdicti on ........................ 132 Arrow Panel .......................... 259 Asphalt Application ................ 761 Asphalt Cement Acceptance ....................... 841 Description ........................ 841 Material Characteristics .... 842 Procedure ......................... 843 Requirements ................... 841 Storage and Shipment ...... 841 Asphalt Cement ____ ............ 325 Asphalt Cement for State Maintenance Patching _____ .......................................... 332 Asphalt Cement Storage Tank .......................................... 314 Asphalt Mixing Equipment ..... 314 Asphalt Patching of Portland Cement Concrete Pavement, Type _____ ....................... 374 Asphaltic Application Elapsed Time .................... 368 Asphaltic Conc rete ................ 314 Equipment ......................... 314 Placed Temperature Mixture ...................................... 323 Preparation of Roadway .... 318 Thickness La yers .............. 373 Asphaltic Concrete Curb ........ 330 Asphaltic Concrete for Patching, Type _____ ....................... 374 Asphaltic Concrete for State Maintenance Patching ....... 332 Asphaltic Concrete for State Maintenance Patching, Type _____ ................................ 332 Asphaltic Concrete Island Noses and Medians ...................... 331 Asphaltic Concrete Pavement Smoothness ...................... 306 Asphaltic Concrete Surface Course .............................. 314 Asphaltic Concrete, Type ____ .......................................... 325 Assemblies ............................ 899 Assigning ................................. 73 ASTM ...................................... 52 Augering ................................ 478 Augured Hole s ....................... 470 Authority ............................ 44, 48 Authority, Engi neer ............ 44, 49 Auto-Flash ............................. 944 Automatic Batching Plant Scales .......................................... 324 Automatic Flood Control Gates (Flap Gate s) ...................... 881 Average-End- Areas ............... 140 B Back Gouging ........................ 545 Backfill ... 451, 454, 456, 593, 712 Backfill Material ............. 594, 611 Backfill Placem ent ................. 616 Backfilling .............. 455, 622, 710 Structures .......................... 455 Backfilling of Bridge ........... 79, 80 Balled .................................... 708 INDEX I - 3 Balled and Burl apped ............ 707 Balled and Burlapped Material .......................................... 710 Balled and Burlapped Plants . 710 Balls ...................................... 708 Band "A" ................................ 863 Band "B" ................................ 863 Bankruptcy .............................. 88 Bar Grates ..................... 640, 642 Bar Grates for Flared End Sections ............................ 882 Bar Grates for Flared-End Sections ............................ 642 Bar Mats ........................ 588, 607 Barbed Wire .................. 742, 910 Barbed Wire Fence ............... 744 Bare Rooted Plants ............... 710 Bark ....................................... 962 Barricade ............................... 259 Barricade, Type II .................. 265 Barricade, Type III ................. 265 Barricades ................. 63, 69, 263 Barrier ................................... 439 Barrier Ra il ............................ 620 Bars ....................................... 480 Bar-to-Bar Tolerance ............. 582 Base ...................................... 344 Base Course 153, 164, 342, 345, Base Course Aggregate ........ 866 Base Course Concrete .......... 420 Base Course Material ............ 343 Base Meta l ............................ 545 Base Plat es ........................... 539 Basement Wa lls .................... 117 Basket ................................... 736 Beacons, Rotating Yellow ....... 62 Bearing Area s ............... 484, 547 Bearing Capac ity ................... 471 Bearing Devi ces .................... 548 Bearing Pads ................ 593, 917 Bearing Plat es ....................... 548 Bearing Surfaces and Abutting Joints ................................ 539 Bed Rock .............................. 454 Bedding ................................. 454 Bedding for Pipe Culverts ..... 454 Benches ................................ 135 Benchmarks .................. 105, 493 Bend Rad ii ............................ 540 Bending of Reinforcements .. 598, Bending Radi i ................ 193, 196 Bent _____ Excavation .......... 462 Bent Plat es ............................ 540 Bents ..................... 117, 453, 458 Berms .................................... 128 Bethel .................................... 959 Bethell ................................... 953 Bikeways ............................... 433 Bituminous Aggregate ........... 343 Bituminous Foundation Course .......................................... 167 Bituminous Mixture Contaminated .................... 326 Bituminous Pavement Patching .......................................... 372 Bituminous Sand Base Course .......................... 339, 34 3, 346 Bituminous Sand Base Course Asphaltic Oil ...................... 346 Bituminous Sand Base Course Emulsified Asphalt ............. 346 Bituminous Surface Course ... 353 Blade Machin es ..................... 339 Blading .................................. 344 Blast Cleani ng ....................... 906 Blending ................................ 358 Block Unit Layout ................... 604 Block Unit s ............................ 603 Blocking Diagr am .................. 548 Blocks .................................... 915 Bluegrass S eed ..................... 679 Bluegrass Sod ....................... 679 Bluegrasses ........................... 681 Bolt Connec tions ................... 532 Bolt Holes .............................. 529 Bolt Tension Measuring Device .......................................... 537 Bolt Thr eads .......................... 895 Bolts ..... 527, 532, 533, 535, 538, 547, 896, 903, 915, 921, 950 Bonding Clam ps .................... 955 Bonding Gr out ....................... 510 Borings .................................. 133 Borrow .. 111, 112, 132, 134, 135, 145, 149, 455 Borrow and Waste Site Restoration ........................ 149 Borrow Sites ............................ 43 INDEX I - 4 Borrow, Unacceptable ........... 111 Bottom Layer's Thickness ..... 321 Box Culverts .................. 457, 622 Braces ........................... 746, 911 Brackets ................................ 921 Brass Rings ........................... 579 Breach of Cont ract .................. 72 Break Concrete Pavement .... 123 Break Pavement .................... 136 Breakage ............................... 134 Breakaway Devices ............... 929 Breakaway Posts .......... 225, 920 Brick ...................................... 756 Brick Mort ar ........................... 756 Bridge Abutments .................. 451 Bridge Approach Sections ..... 728 Bridge Deck and Approach Slab Smoothness ...................... 654 Bridge Deck Overlay Description ........................ 561 Bridge Deck Repair Description ........................ 561 Bridge Decks ................. 452, 514 Bridge Floor Concrete ........... 514 Bridge Floors Concrete ........................... 513 Bridge Rail ............................ 620 Bridge Seats ......................... 484 Bridge Tru sses ...................... 117 Bridge Weldin g Code ............ 525 Bridge We lls .......................... 519 Bridges .................................. 457 Additional Excavation for Backfill .......................... 461 Broken Bars .......................... 407 Broken Concrete ........... 120, 734 Broken Concrete Riprap 734, 735 Broken Wire s......................... 499 Brome Ha y ............................ 673 Brooms .......................... 162, 375 Bud-break ............................. 708 Building Re moval .................. 121 Building Tr acts ...................... 117 Build-Ups .............................. 476 Bulldozers ............................. 759 Burlap for Curing Concrete ... 798 Acceptance Requirements 798 Description ........................ 798 Material Characteristics .... 798 Butt Joints ............................. 545 Butt Splices ........................... 541 C Cabinet .................................. 942 Cable ..................... 121, 192, 908 Pulling Tensio ns ................ 192 Cable Clamps, Galvanized .... 904 Acceptance Requirements 904 Description ........................ 904 Cable Guardrai l ............. 725, 728 Cable in Duct ................. 192, 198 Cadmium Plat ed .................... 923 Calcium Carb onate ................ 859 Calcium Chloride ... 174, 791, 792 Acceptance Requirements 791 Description ........................ 791 Material Characteristics ..... 791 Calcium Chloride Applied ...... 174 Calcium Chloride Treatment .. 174 Calculated To rque ................. 899 Calendar Days ......................... 76 Calibrated Tanks ................... 153 Calibration Curve ................... 505 Calibration Tests .................... 782 Cambering ............................. 542 Cancelled Ite ms ....................... 94 Caps ...................................... 539 Carbonization of Bituminous Coal .......................................... 967 Cast Iron __ ____ ................... 755 Cast Iron Pipe Fittings .............................. 877 Joints ................................. 877 Cast Steel Pile Point Measurement and Payment ...................................... 476 Casting .................................. 589 Castings ................................ 755 Iron .................................... 889 Cast-in-Pl ace ......................... 439 Cast-in-Place Concrete ......... 754 Catch Basi ns ......................... 754 Catch Basins, Manholes, Inlets, and Junction Boxes ........... 754 Caulking Compound .............. 807 Acceptance Requirements 807 Description ........................ 807 Material Characteristics ..... 807 Caulking G uns ....................... 395 Cavities .................................. 115 INDEX I - 5 CCA-Chromated Copper Arsenate Waterborne Preservati ve ...................... 967 Cementitious Materials .......... 781 Certificat e .............................. 889 Certificate of Compliance ..... 589, 607, 613, 773, 930, 953, 965 Certification .. 525, 574, 584, 673, Certification As To Contribution Status ................................. 96 Certification St atement .......... 794 Certifications, Materials ........... 96 Certified Mill Test Reports ..... 527 Certified Te sts ....................... 773 Chain Fall .............................. 736 Chain-Link ............................. 910 Chain-Link Fence .......... 745, 910 Concrete Footings ............ 745 Installati on......................... 745 Takedown Panels ............. 746 Chains ................................... 743 Change Order ............. 37, 40, 84 Changeable Message Signs 262, Changes, Significant ......... 37, 38 Channel Crossing, Type ____ for ____ Foot Chain-Link Fence .......................................... 747 Channel Crossings, Type _____ .......................................... 744 Channel Excavation .............. 134 Channel Excavation Work . 78, 80 Channel Sh ape ..................... 923 Charpy V-Notch ..................... 883 Chip Seal .............................. 366 Chipping ................ 529, 548, 591 Chipping Hamm ers ............... 562 Chromate C oating ................. 922 Chromated Copper Arsenate 954, Chutes ................................... 485 Cinch Fence Stays ................ 743 Circuit .................................... 107 Claim ................................. 56, 65 Clamps .......................... 904, 950 Class "II" Embankment ......... 748 Class _____ Concrete for ________ .......................... 496 Class ______ Concrete for Concrete Co llar ................. 633 Class 47B or ABX .................. 420 Class C Polyethylene ............ 877 Class I Embankm ents ............ 137 Class I Repa ir ........................ 572 Class II Embankm ent ............ 137 Class II Repa ir ....................... 572 Class III Embankm ent ........... 456 Class III Embankments .......... 138 Class III Repai r ...................... 572 Clay Drain T ile ....................... 879 Acceptance Requirements 879 Description ........................ 879 Cleaning Up, Final ................... 43 Cleaning Weatheri ng Steel .... 555 Clear Tract _____ .................. 123 Clearing and Gr ubbing .......... 113 Clearing and Grubbing Work .. 78, Cleats .................................... 674 Clevises ................................. 915 Coal-Tar Pi tch........................ 761 Coated Ba rs .......................... 816 Coating Thi ckness ................. 905 Coefficient of Friction ............. 583 Cofferdams ............................ 451 Cohesive Mate rial .................. 135 Cold Bending ......................... 540 Cold Milli ng ............................ 347 Cold Milling Ma chine ............. 347 Cold Milling, Class 1 .............. 347 Cold Milling, Class 2 .............. 347 Cold Milling, Class 3 .............. 347 Cold Milling, Class 4 .............. 347 Cold Milling, Class 5 .............. 347 Cold Weather Concreting ...... 489 Cold Weather Co nditions ....... 507 Cold-Drawn Steel Wire Description ........................ 818 Cold-Drawn Steel Wire for Concrete Reinforcement ... 818 Acceptance Requirements 818 Cold-Finished Bars and Shafting .......................................... 887 Acceptance Requirements 887 Description ........................ 887 Collected Plant Materials ....... 707 Color ...................................... 938 Column Ba ses ....................... 548 INDEX I - 6 Columns ................................ 539 Combination Mast Arm Signal and Lighting Pole, Type CMP _____ ................................ 207 Combination Span Wire Signal and Lighting Pole, Type SWP _____ ................................ 207 Combined Me thod ................. 506 Compact Embankments ........ 457 Compacting Equipment . 138, 153 Compaction ... 136, 344, 600, 617 Crushed Rock Base Course ..................................... 164 Compaction Equipment . 317, 353 Companies, Ut ility ................... 70 Compliance, Environmental Quality ................................ 56 Compression Ga skets ........... 631 Compressive Strength .. 421, 429, Compressive Strength Sample .......................................... 590 Compressive Strength Tests . 591 Concrete Curing Precast-Prestressed ..................................... 507 Guardrail Anchors and Footings........................ 725 Inspection Facilities .......... 511 Night ................................. 404 Plant Requirements - Precast/Prestressed ..... 502 Reinforcem ent .................. 521 Seal Cour se ...................... 480 Surface Finish for Precast/Prestressed ..... 509 Concrete - Precast Piles .................................. 498 Structural Units ................. 498 Concrete - Prestressed Piles .................................. 498 Superstructur es ................ 498 Concrete _____ Piling ........... 477 Concrete and Steel Bearing Pile .......................................... 469 Concrete Base Course .......... 420 Concrete Box Culverts .......... 622 Concrete Bridge Deck Repair and Overla y ...................... 561 Concrete Bridge Deck Repair with Class 47BD 4000 Concrete ........................... 557 Concrete Bridge Floors .......... 513 Drainage ........................... 519 Opening For Use ............... 519 Retarders .......................... 518 Concrete Class _____ for Bridges .............................. 520 Concrete Construction Benchmarks ...................... 493 Description of .................... 479 Foundation Preparation ..... 479 Preparation of Bearing Areas and Setting Anchor Bolts ...................................... 484 Rock Anchors for Spread Footings ........................ 480 Structures .......................... 479 Concrete Culvert Pipe ........... 630 Concrete Curb and Concrete Gutter ................................ 430 Concrete Discharge Structures .......................................... 737 Concrete Ditch Lining .... 737, 739 Concrete Driveways .............. 437 Subgrade .......................... 437 Concrete Face Panels ........... 602 Concrete Facing Panels ........ 589 Concrete Fi nish ..................... 589 Concrete Finishing ................. 518 Concrete Flared-End Sections .......................................... 873 Concrete Fl oors ..................... 117 Concrete Flume, Type _____ 739 Concrete Fl umes ................... 737 Concrete Footings ................. 459 Concrete for Foundation ........ 203 Concrete for Overlay - HD ..... 572 Concrete Island Nose ............ 436 Concrete Leveling Pads 601, 602 Concrete Median Barriers ...... 439 Concrete Mix Design ............. 498 Concrete Mixers .................... 781 Concrete Pavement ....... 116, 403 Breaking for Embankment . 136 Curing Polyethylene Film or Burlap - Polyetheyene .. 410 Curing with Liquid Membrane- Forming Compounds .... 409 INDEX I - 7 Curing with Wet Burlap ..... 411 Equipment - Finishing Machines ...................... 394 Equipment - Joint Compound Heating Unit .................. 395 Equipment - Joint Cutting Saw ..................................... 395 Equipment - Master Straightedge ................. 394 Equipment - Spreaders ..... 393 Equipment - Strike-off Blade ..................................... 393 Equipment - Trimming ...... 393 Equipment - Vibrators ....... 394 Material Requ irements ...... 403 Opening Pavement to Traffic ..................................... 412 Placing Conc rete .............. 404 Placing Tie Bars ................ 404 Preparatio n ....................... 403 Preparation of Subgrade ... 403 Protection and Curing ....... 409 Slip-Form Construction ..... 403 Slip-Form Construction ..... 405 Surface Tests .................... 412 Weather Conditions and Temperatures ............... 404 Concrete Pavement Joint Repair .......................................... 428 Concrete Pavement Repair ... 422 Removal of Old Pavement 423 Concrete Pipe Collar Connections ...................... 632 Concrete Pipe Culverts ......... 630 Installati on......................... 631 Concrete Pipe Joints ............. 631 Concrete Placement Schedule .......................................... 780 Concrete Protection Barrier ... 265 Concrete Protection Barriers . 256 Concrete Rail ........................ 496 Concrete Rail ings .................. 489 Concrete Re moval ................ 563 Concrete Rip rap .................... 734 Concrete Sa ws ...................... 562 Concrete Seals ...................... 453 Concrete Sidewalks, Bikeways, and Median Surfacing ....... 433 Concrete Slope Protection ... 737, 739 Concrete Sp readers .............. 393 Concrete Structures ............... 479 Concrete Superstructure ....... 512 Concrete Surface Finish ........ 491 Concrete Tr ucks .................... 404 Concrete Wa shout ................. 705 Concrete Wedge .................... 488 Concreting in Cold Weather .. 489 Conditions Unsafe ................... 44 Conditions, Differing ................ 39 Conditions, Differi ng Site ......... 44 Conductors ............................ 192 Conduit .................. 121, 198, 929 Conduit Bush ings .................. 193 Conduit Terminations ............ 198 Conduit Under Roadway ....... 199 Confined Elastomer Bearing - Testing .............................. 583 Confined Elastomer Bearings- Tolerances for Flatness ..... 582 Confined Elastomeric Bearing Devices ............................. 576 Conformance for Concrete Production Fac ilities .......... 779 Conformity ............................... 46 Connecting Clips ................... 736 Connecting Wires .................. 736 Constructing Asphaltic Concrete Curb .................................. 330 Constructing Asphaltic Concrete Island Nose ....................... 331 Construction Jo ints ................ 515 Construction St aking ............. 105 Construction V ehicles .............. 62 Contaminated Area ................ 326 Contaminat ion ......................... 53 Contract Hierachy .............................. 46 Intent of ............................... 37 Omissions ........................... 46 Contract Adju stment ................ 37 Contract Time Allowance ......... 76 Contract, Breach of .................. 72 Contractor Employees, Methods, and Equipment .................... 84 Contractor Working Drawings 529 Contractor, Delay ..................... 81 Contractor, Plans ..................... 44 Contractor, Responsible Floods ................................. 95 INDEX I - 8 Contractors Termination of Responsibility ....................................... 97 Contractors, Cooperation ........ 47 Control Cent ers ..................... 188 Control of Ma terial ................... 52 Control of Work ....................... 44 Controllers ..................... 121, 188 Conventional Light Poles ...... 930 Cooperation ............................ 46 Coping ........................... 601, 602 Copper Conductor ................. 743 Copper Zinc Arsenate ........... 959 Copyrights ............................... 60 Core Sample s ............... 432, 440 Cores ... 421, 432, 435, 436, 438, Cork Hand Fl oat .................... 431 Corner ................................... 911 Corner Elements ................... 585 Corner Post for _____ Foot Chain-Link Fence .............. 747 Corner Posts ................. 744, 746 Corrugated Meta l Pipe .......... 871 County Surveyor ................... 106 County Weed Control Authority .......................................... 673 Course, Conc rete .................. 480 Cover Crop Seeding ...... 127, 666 Coverages ............................. 369 Covers ................................... 756 Crack Repai r ......................... 377 Cracking ................................ 411 Cracks ........................... 521, 591 Crawler Tractors ............ 758, 759 Creditors ................................. 88 Creosote ....................... 959, 967 Cribs ...................................... 452 Crimping ................................ 674 Crossings, Temporary ............. 61 Crushed Concrete Foundation Course ___ ___ ................. 172 Crushed Rock ............... 858, 866 Crushed Rock and Gravel .... 175, Crushed Rock Base Course .. 164 Crushed Rock Embedment ... 180 Crushed Rock for Surfacing .. 866 Crushed Rock Scr eenings .... 164 Crushed Rock Surface Course .................................. 175, 180 Culvert Pipe ................... 622, 624 Culvert Sandf ill ...................... 643 Culverts . 137, 454, 455, 459, 462 Additional Excavation for Backfill .......................... 461 Culverts, Pipe ........................ 454 Excavation......................... 454 Excavation of Rock ........... 455 Curb Forming Equipment ...... 317 Curb Inlet Prot ection .............. 699 Curb Ramps .......................... 433 Curbs .... 116, 347, 411, 430, 431, Cure Coat ing ......................... 420 Cure Peri od ........................... 427 Curing ........................... 507, 589, Curing Cham bers .................. 508 Curing Compound . 409, 426, 493 Curing Concrete ... 434, 483, 493, Curing Encl osure ................... 508 Curing F ilm ............................ 410 Curing Mois ture ..................... 489 Curing Quality Control Cylinders .......................................... 509 Curing with We t Burlap .......... 411 Curving .................................. 542 Cut-Back Asph alts ................. 342 Cutoff ..................................... 475 Cutoff Elevatio n ............. 471, 475 Cuts ....................................... 737 Cutting ................................... 548 Cylinder ................................. 591 Cylinder Strength Tests 421, 429, 435, 436, 438, 439 D Dacthal .................................. 709 Damage Clai ms ....................... 65 Damaged Mem bers ............... 548 Damages ................................. 69 Liquidat ed............................ 87 Dampproofing ................ 761, 762 Date, Start ............................... 83 Day, Calendar.......................... 85 Day, Working ........................... 85 Days, Charging of Working ...... 77 Days, Nonworking ................... 44 INDEX I - 9 Days, Working ............. 77, 78, 80 Backfilling of Bridge ...... 79, 80 Channel Excavation Work . 78, Clearing and Grubbing .. 78, 80 Landscape .................... 78, 80 Pre-watering of Excavation . 81 Stockpiling of Aggregates .. 78, Deadman .............................. 451 Deciduous Pl ant .................... 712 Decisions, Engi neer's .............. 44 Deck Joint Se als ................... 646 Decrees ................................... 56 Default, Contracts ................... 88 Default, Written Notice ............ 88 Defective Mate rial ................... 54 Deformed Metal Center Joint and Metal Keyway ................... 822 Acceptance Requirements 822 Description ........................ 822 Delay ....................................... 81 Delays, Due to Slow Delivery .. 82 Delineator Un it .............. 121, 247 Delineator, Type _____ ......... 248 Delineators ............................ 247 Delineators, Reflectors .......... 926 Acceptance Requirements 927 Description ........................ 926 Material Characteristics .... 926 Delineators, Type I ................ 247 Delineators, Type II ............... 247 Delineators, Type III .............. 247 Delivery of Materials ................ 53 Delivery Tickets ..................... 780 Density .. 138, 166, 457, 732, 757 Department’s Approved Products List .................................... 937 Department’s Traffic Engineer .......................................... 937 Depositing Concrete Under Water ................................ 486 Deposits, Mate rial ................. 111 Design He ight........................ 605 Designated Superintendent ..... 47 Detector Lead-in Cable ......... 938 Detectors ....................... 209, 949 Detensioning ......................... 509 Detours ................................... 41 Detrimental Oxidation ............ 815 Deviations, Plans ..................... 46 Devices, Patented ................... 60 Devices, Safety ........................ 56 Dewater ................................. 453 Diagonal Brac es .................... 742 Diesel Hamm er ...................... 467 Differing Site C onditions .......... 38 Dikes ..................................... 128 Direct Burial Cable ................. 937 Direct Buried Cable ............... 195 Direct Buried Wire and Cable 195 Disaster Declar ation ................ 69 Disc Blades ........................... 674 Disc Harrows ......................... 759 Discharge Ch ute .................... 314 Discharge Struct ures ............. 737 Discharges .............................. 57 Discing ................................... 141 Discrepanc y ............................. 46 Diseased or Insect Infested Plant Material ............................. 708 Disk-Sand Areas .................... 906 Disposal ................................... 42 Disposal Area ........................ 157 Dispose of Flared-End Sections .......................................... 640 Disputes .................................. 44 Distillat e ................................. 345 Distribution of Plans and Specificati ons .................... 101 Distributor .............................. 305 Distributor Certified Test Report .......................................... 902 Distributor Rate ...................... 375 Distributor s ............................ 304 Diversion Ditches ................... 127 Dolomite ........................ 858, 866 Douglas Fir .................... 954, 958 Douglas Fir of the Coast Region .......................................... 953 Dowel Bars .................... 412, 817 Acceptance Requirements 817 Description ........................ 817 Dowel Join ts .......................... 411 DR Form 441 ........................... 96 Drag ....................................... 408 Drag Finish .................... 408, 515 Draglines ............................... 758 Drainage ................................ 519 Drainage Ma tting ................... 644 INDEX I - 10 Drainage Structure Terminal for _____ Foot Chain-Link Fence .......................................... 747 Drainage Structure Terminals 744 Drainage System at Station ______ .............................. 520 Drawings Working .............................. 44 Drawings, Approval ................. 45 Dredged Material ..................... 57 Drift Pins ............................... 548 Drifting ................................... 530 Drifting of Holes ..................... 531 Drilled Hole s .......................... 740 Drilling ................................... 530 Driveway Culvert Pipe ... 121, 634 Driveways ..................... 156, 362 Driving Nu ts .......................... 540 Driving of Bearing and Sheet Piles .................................. 471 Drop-offs ................................. 63 Dry Roots .............................. 708 Dry-Drilled Ho les ................... 740 Dryer-Drum Plants ................ 315 Dryers ................................... 314 Dry-Film ................................ 968 Dry-Film Thickness ............... 552 Duct Systems ........................ 929 Ductile Ir on ............................ 889 Ductile Iron Pipe .................... 877 Acceptance Requirements 877 Description ........................ 877 Fittings .............................. 877 Dump Tru cks ......................... 759 Durometer Ha rdness ............. 577 Dust ....................................... 348 Dust Collec tor........................ 315 Dust Control .......................... 702 Duty of Ins pector ..................... 48 Dynamic Formula .................. 469 Dynamometers ...................... 505 E Earth and Rock Checks ........ 690 Earth Shoulder Construction . 163 Earthwork Measured In Embankment ..................... 141 Elastomer .............................. 577 Elastomer Seal Test .............. 583 Elastomeric Bearings ............ 917 Elastomeric Disc Tolerances . 581 Elastomeric Discs .................. 577 Elastomeric Sealing Element . 646 Elastomeric Sea ling Rings ..... 579 Elastomeric Single-Component Compound......................... 810 Electrical Connections ........... 191 Electrical Metallic Tubing ....... 929 Electrical Ut ility ...................... 189 Electrochemical Requirements .......................................... 611 Electrodes ............................. 885 Elevating Equipment .............. 317 Elevating Mach ines ............... 317 Elevation of Piles and Cutoff . 475 Elevation Tole rances ............. 596 Elliptica l ................................. 630 Elongation ..................... 505, 506 Embankment 137, 141, 160, 162, 173, 456 Adjacent to St ructures ....... 137 Compaction of Class I ....... 137 Compaction of Class II ...... 137 Compaction of Class III ..... 138 Moisture Content ............... 138 On Existing Bituminous or Aggregate ..................... 136 On Existing Concrete ........ 136 Rocky Material .................. 131 Embankment Compacted ...... 162 Embankment Stabi lity ............ 111 Embankment s........................ 133 Compaction ....................... 137 Employment ............................ 98 Empty-Cell ..................... 953, 959 Emulsified Asphalt ......... 327, 354 Emulsified Asphalt (Anionic) .. 851 Acceptance Requirements 853 Description ........................ 851 Material Characteristics ..... 851 Emulsified Asphalt (Cationic) . 854 Acceptance Requirements 857 Description ........................ 854 Material Characteristics ..... 854 Emulsified Asphalt for Microsurfaci ng ................... 364 Emulsified Tack Coat ............. 318 Emulsion Pu mp ..................... 359 End ........................................ 911 INDEX I - 11 End Post for _____ Foot Chain- Link Fence ........................ 747 End Posts ...................... 744, 746 End Shoe s ............................ 915 End Welded Studs ........ 545, 884 Endangered Species Act ......... 57 Energy Dissipation Holes (Scour Holes) ............................... 732 Engineer, Authority of .............. 44 Environmental Protection ...... 554 Environmental Quality Compliance ......................... 56 Environmental Quality, Failure to Comply ............................... 59 Epoxy Coated Reinforcing Bars .......................................... 521 Epoxy Coated Reinforcing Steel .................................. 523, 813 Acceptance Requirements 816 Description ........................ 813 Material Characteristics .... 813 Procedures ....................... 814 Epoxy Compounds and Adhesives ......................... 808 Acceptance Requirements 809 Description ........................ 808 Material Characteristics .... 808 Procedures ....................... 808 Epoxy-Resin Bonding Systems .......................................... 808 Equipment ....................... 49, 393 Sufficiency of ...................... 84 Equipment Calibr ations ......... 112 Equipment Rental .................. 758 Equipment, Calib rations ........ 153 Equipment, Heavy ................... 49 Equipment, Moving ................. 50 Equipment, Protective ............. 56 Equipment, Substituted Methods ............................................ 84 Erection Drawing ................... 547 Erosion .......................... 126, 455 Erosion Control ..... 112, 342, 682 Seed - Material Requirements ..................................... 682 Wire Staples - Material Requirements ............... 682 Erosion Control, Type _____ 684 Error, A pparent........................ 46 Establishment Period .... 681, 712 Establishment Period Fertilizer .................................. 708, 711 Estimates, Progress ................ 94 Retain .................................. 94 Etching .................................. 222 Evaporization Re tardant ........ 407 Excavate ................................ 451 Excavation .... 120, 129, 140, 141, 157, 463, 622 Box Culverts ...................... 453 Bridges .............................. 453 Catch Basi ns ..................... 453 Headwalls.......................... 453 Inlets ................................. 453 Junction Boxes .................. 453 Miscellaneous Structures .. 453 Pipe Culver ts ..................... 453 Retaining Wa lls ................. 453 Sewers .............................. 453 Steps ................................. 453 Excavation (Established Quantity) ........................... 141 Excavation Borrow ................. 141 Excavation for Box Culverts . 462, Excavation for Pipe, Pipe-Arch Culverts, and Headwalls .. 123, 461, 462 Excavation for Soil Reinforcem ent ................... 602 Excavation for St ructures ...... 453 Foundation Pits and Seal Courses ........................ 453 Material Requ irements ...... 453 Pipe Culver ts ..................... 454 Preparation for Driving Piles ...................................... 466 Substructure Ex cavations . 453 Excessive Bending ................ 591 Exempt Sale Certificate ........... 59 Expansion Bearing, TFE Type .......................................... 575 Expansion Join ts ........... 491, 646 Explosives ............................... 64 Exposed Surface Area ........... 126 Extension ................................. 81 Concrete Pipe Culvert ....... 632 Extensions, Splices, Build-Ups, and Overdriv ing ................. 476 External Drai nage .................. 605 INDEX I - 12 External Site Factors ............. 605 Extra Work .. 39, 61, 92, 157, 464 Payment For ....................... 92 Extruded Steel Sections ........ 646 Extrusheet Panels . 222, 223, 922 Eyebolts ................................ 742 F Fabric .................................... 910 Fabric Reinfo rcement ............ 377 Fabric Reinforcement Crack Repair ............................... 378 Fabric Silt Fence ................... 694 Fabrication Tolerances .......... 580 Face Panels .................. 585, 601 Facilitator .............................. 103 Failure Pl ane ......................... 603 Fall, Conife rous ..................... 707 Fall, Dedicu ous ..................... 707 Falsework .............................. 548 Fasteners ...... 537, 592, 911, 921 Faying Surfaces .................... 532 Feathered ...................... 322, 323 Federal Participation ............... 61 Fence ............................ 121, 910 Acceptance Requirements 913 Description ........................ 910 Material Characteristics .... 910 Right-of-Way Installation ... 742 Right-of-Way P adlocks ..... 743 Fence Connec tions ............... 622 Fence Fabr ic ......................... 743 Fence Right-of-Way Gates ................................ 743 Fence Stretcher ..................... 736 Fertilizer ................ 663, 666, 668 Erosion Cont rol ................. 683 Fertilizer Certif ication ............ 670 Fertilizer Mix Rate ................. 711 Fertilizer Tablets .................... 710 Fertilizing ............................... 670 Fiber Reinforced Concrete Support Spac ers ............... 522 Fiberglass Alignment Pins ..... 610 Fibrous Roots ........................ 708 Field Assemb ly ...................... 547 Field Bends ........................... 198 Field Condit ions .................... 905 Field Connec tions ................. 542 Field Laborat ories ................. 721 Field Laboratory ..................... 724 Field Laboratory, Type A ....... 721 Field Laboratory, Type B ....... 722 Field Laboratory, Type C ....... 723 Field Note s ............................ 106 Field Office ............ 721, 723, 724 Field Pain ting ......................... 553 Field Splices .................. 478, 548 Filament Reinforced Epoxy Conduit .............................. 929 Filler Material For Inertial Barrier Modules ............................ 731 Filler Meta l ............................. 545 Fillers ..................................... 604 Fills ........................................ 737 Film ........................................ 410 Filter Clo th ............................. 604 Final Che cks .......................... 107 Final Inspec tion ....................... 51 Fine Sand .............................. 859 Finish ..................................... 407 Drag .................................. 408 Finish Conc rete ..................... 407 Finish Grad ing ....................... 112 Finish Grading Operation ...... 666 Finish Machines ..................... 315 Finish Rolli ng ......................... 323 Finished Re cess .................... 578 Finished Subgr ade ................ 136 Finishing Equi pment .............. 393 Finishing Machine .................. 515 Concrete ........................... 394 Fire Hydrants ........................... 71 Fittings ........................... 903, 910 Fixed Bear ing ........................ 575 Fixed Bearing Device, Type I 584 Fixed Bearings ............... 576, 578 Fixed Bearings and Expansion Bearings, PTFE Type ........ 573 Fixed Expans ion .................... 583 Flagger .................................. 259 Flagger's H andbook............... 260 Flaggers, Certified ................... 62 Flagging ........... 62, 106, 246, 265 Flame Heat ing ....................... 489 Flanges .................. 476, 483, 541 Flap Gates ............................. 881 Acceptance Requirements 881 Description ........................ 881 Material Characteristics ..... 881 INDEX I - 13 Flap Gates (Automatic Flood Control Gate s) .................. 881 Flared-End Sections .............. 640 Flash ..................................... 944 Flashing A rrow ...................... 258 Flashing Arrow Panel .... 258, 266 Flashing Diam onds ............... 258 Flat Brass Seal ing Rings ....... 579 Flat Was her ........................... 533 Flatness of Bearing Surfaces 582 Flatness Tolerances ...... 574, 582 Flattening Bearing Surfaces .. 542 Flexible Guid e Posts ............. 248 Flexible Plasti c Gaskets ........ 630 Flexible Post Delineator ........ 248 Float Finish er ........................ 405 Floated Surface Finish .......... 493 Float-Finis hed ....................... 491 Floating ................................. 515 Floats ............................ 492, 515 Flood (Disaster) ....................... 95 Floodgate, Type ____ for ____ Foot Chain-Link Fence ..... 747 Floodgates ............................ 746 Floodgates, Type _____ ....... 744 Floor Drains _____ ................ 520 Flowable Fill .. 455, 643, 726, 786 Acceptance Requirements 786 Description ........................ 786 Material Characteristics .... 786 Flumes .................................. 737 Flux Cored Arc ...................... 545 Fluxes ................................... 885 Fly Ash .................................. 794 Acceptance Requirements 795 Description ........................ 794 Material Characteristics .... 794 Procedures ....................... 794 Fly Ash Mineral Filler ............. 864 Fog Seal ................................ 354 Fog Sealed ............................ 349 Fogging ................................. 407 Foil Back Reflec tors .............. 926 Footings ................ 725, 738, 754 Force Account Agreement ...... 92 Form Design ......................... 482 Form Hangers ....................... 483 Form Liners ........................... 482 Form Materi als ...................... 482 Forms .... 430, 439, 486, 507, 509 Precast/Prestressed Concrete ...................................... 506 Sidewalk and Bikeway ...... 433 Fossils ..................................... 64 Foundation ............................ 454 Foundation Course ........ 153, 167 Foundation Design ........ 202, 203 Foundation Excavations 479, 622, Foundation Prepar ation ......... 613 Foundations ........................... 121 Fracture s ............................... 591 Free Fall ........................ 451, 486 Freezing ................ 393, 732, 866 Freezing Weat her .................. 490 Friction Angl e................. 587, 606 Frozen Ic e ............................. 131 Frozen Snow ......................... 131 Frozen Soil .................... 131, 456 Frozen Subgra de ................... 403 Full-Cell ......................... 953, 959 Fume ..................................... 796 Funded, Federally .................... 61 Furnish Crush ed Rock ........... 177 Furnish Grav el ....................... 177 Furnish Rock or Gravel .......... 177 Furnishing & Operating Pilot Vehicle .............................. 266 Furnishing and Planting of Plant Material s............................ 707 Furnishing and Planting of Plant Materials (Trees Shrubs, Etc.) Material Requirements, Collected Materials ....... 707 Fuse Plate Bolt ...................... 225 Fusion Bonded Epoxy ........... 813 G Gabion ................................... 736 Gabion, Type _____ .............. 736 Gabions ................................. 957 Gabions and Revet Mattresses .................................. 736, 957 Acceptance Requirements 957 Description ........................ 957 Material Characteristics ..... 957 Gains ..................................... 954 Galvanized Posts ................... 923 Galvanized Rigi d Steel .......... 929 Galvanized Sheet Metal ........ 890 INDEX I - 14 Acceptance Requirements 890 Description ........................ 890 Gas Lines ................................ 47 Gas Metal- Arc ....................... 545 Gates .................................... 744 General Clearing and Grubbing .................................. 113, 114 General Info rmation .................. 5 General Instru ctions .............. 773 General Materials Definitions and Requirements ................... 773 General Requirements . 111, 303, Equipment ......................... 153 Geogrid Reinforcements 592, 609 Geological In terest .................. 64 Geostrap Reinforcements .... 592, Geotextile .............................. 592 Girder Bridge Deck Forms .... 483 Girders .......................... 486, 539 Heat Curved ...................... 542 Welded Plate .................... 541 Glass Beads .......................... 918 Glysophate (Roundup) .......... 709 Gore Signs ............................ 224 Gradation Combined Mixture of Bituminous Sand Aggregate ..................................... 865 Grade Beam Tie Rod Anchor 451 Grades .................................. 105 Grading ......................... 157, 158 Grading Shou lder .................. 160 Granite .......... 357, 858, 864, 866 Granular Backfill ... 453, 455, 456, 461, 462, 610, 617, 619 Granular Fill .................. 153, 166 As Aggregate in Bituminous Sand Base Course ....... 166 Granular Material .......... 166, 757 Granular Non-Plastic Aggregate .......................................... 433 Granular Subdrain ................. 753 Granular Subdrain, Type ______ .......................................... 753 Granular Subdr ains ............... 753 Grass Hay ............................. 673 Gravel Aggreg ates ................ 865 Gravel Aggregates for Surfacing .......................................... 865 Gravel Surface Course .......... 175 Gravity Hammers ................... 470 Grip ........................................ 532 Ground Rods ......................... 928 Grounded .............................. 746 Grounding ...................... 188, 743 Grounding Conduc tors .......... 188 Grounding Connec tors .......... 201 Grounding Nut ............... 951, 953 Grout .... 424, 425, 480, 492, 493, 509, 740 Grout Cleaned Finish ............. 492 Grout-Cleaned Surface Finish491 Grouting for Post-Tensioned Units .................................. 510 Guardrail ................................ 915 Guardrail Adapter _____ ....... 728 Guardrail Anchors .................. 725 Guardrail and Guard Posts .... 725 Backfilling Around Posts ... 726 Concrete for Anchors and Footings ........................ 725 Guardrail End Treatment _____ .......................................... 728 Guardrail Post........................ 121 Guardrail Post s .............. 728, 963 Guardrail Terminal Systems .. 963 Guide Bar Tolerances ............ 582 Guide Bars ............................ 580 Guide Design Specification for Bridge Temporary Works .. 481 Guided Bearing Device, Type II .......................................... 584 Guided Exp ansion ................. 583 Guided Expansion Bearings .. 576 Guidelines for Flagger Training and Certification of Flaggers .......................................... 259 Gutter ............................ 430, 431 Gutters ........................... 116, 411 Guy Guards ........................... 955 Guys .............................. 712, 908 H H Beam ................................. 916 H Pile ..................................... 469 Hair-Checki ng ........................ 409 Hammer Cushion ................... 467 INDEX I - 15 Hammer Data Sheet ............. 466 Hand Scre eds ....................... 407 Hand Sprayers ...... 327, 354, 367 Hand Work ............................ 664 Hand-Finis hing ...................... 515 Handholes ............................. 952 Handling Coated Steel .......... 555 Handling of Materials .............. 53 Hardened Steel Washer ........ 537 Hardware, Galvanized ........... 903 Material Characteristics .... 903 Hardware, Zinc Coating Description ........................ 903 Harrow .................................. 667 Haul Distance ........................ 345 Hauling .................................. 420 Hauling Equi pment ................ 315 Hauling Operat ions ............... 153 Hazard Identification Marker . 259 Hazardous Materials Discoveries ............................................ 64 Headers ................................ 403 Headwalls ............................. 459 Headwalls and Wingwalls ..... 453 Health ...................................... 56 Health and Welfare Benefits ... 93 Healthy Spec imens ............... 708 Heat Curved Gi rders ............. 542 Heating .................................. 331 Heating Asphaltic Materials ... 341 Heavy-Duty Posts ................. 923 High Density, Low Slump Concrete ........................... 519 High Density-Low Slump Concrete Concrete Removal Requirements ............... 563 Equipment ......................... 561 Material Requ irements ...... 561 Preparation of Surface ...... 563 High Mast Lighting Tower ..... 930 High Mast Lighting Unit, Type T _____ ................................ 207 High Mast Lowering Systems 216 High Mast Luminaires ........... 212 High Mast To wers ................. 204 High Tensile Bolts, Nuts, and Washers ........................... 896 Acceptance Requirements 897 Description ........................ 896 Documentation .................. 901 Material Characteristics ..... 896 Shipping ............................ 902 Highway Appurt enances ........ 664 Highway Cutting Permits ......... 61 Highway Grade Separations .. 509 Highway Signs ............... 221, 920 Acceptance Requirements 922 Concrete ........................... 221 Construction Methods - Type A ................................... 222 Description ........................ 920 Footings ............................ 225 Material Characteristics ..... 920 Steel Beam Breakaway Posts ...................................... 224 Type A ............................... 221 Type B ............................... 221 Hoist ...................................... 216 Hold Down Stakes ................. 686 Hole Grou p ............................ 530 Holes ..................................... 530 Honeycombs.......................... 509 Horizontal Al ignment ............. 604 Horizontal Curvature .............. 544 Horizontal Jo ints .................... 592 Horizontal Layers ................... 162 Hortus Th ird ........................... 707 Hot-Poured Joint Sealer ........ 801 H-Section Steel Line Posts .... 746 Hydromulch "Type _____" ..... 676 Hydromulching ....................... 675 Hydrostatically Test ............... 631 I Identification Marks ................ 547 Identificati on Tag ................... 196 Impact Attenua tors ................ 731 IMSA ...................................... 937 Index of Refraction ................ 918 Inertial Ba rrier ........................ 731 Inertial Barrier Modules ......... 731 Inertial Barrier Modules, Type _____ ................................ 731 Inertial Barrier System .. 257, 264, Infiltrati on ............................... 327 Infringement of Patent ............. 92 Initial Roll ing .......................... 369 Initial Se t ................................ 487 INDEX I - 16 Inlays ............................. 347, 349 Inlet Protec tion ...................... 698 Inlets ..................................... 754 Abandoning....................... 757 Insect Pe sts .......................... 708 Inside Skid ............................ 359 Insolvent .................................. 88 Inspecting Wrench ................ 538 Inspection ................................ 48 Final .................................... 51 Plant ................................... 53 Roadway Lighting ............. 189 Steel Struct ures ................ 546 Traffic Signal Systems ...... 189 Inspection Fa cilities ............... 511 Inspection for Precast- Prestressed Concrete ....... 511 Inspection, Acceptance ........... 48 Inspection, Eliminate ............... 48 Inspection, Final ...................... 51 Inspection, Ma terials ............... 48 Inspector Authority and Duty .............. 48 Install _____ inch _____ Flared- End Secti on ...................... 641 Install Combination Mast Arm Signal and Lighting Pole, Type CMP _____ ....................... 207 Install Combination Span Wire Signal and Lighting Pole, Type SWP _____ ....................... 207 Install Concrete Construction Barrier ............................... 265 Install High Mast Lighting Unit, Type T _____ .................... 207 Install Impact Attenuator 262, 266 Install Lighting Control Center, Type _____ ....................... 215 Install Mast Arm Signal Pole, Type MP_____ ................. 207 Install Pedestal Pole, Type PP _____ ................................ 207 Install Pedestrian Pushbutton 210 Install Preducted Cable ......... 196 Install Span Wire Signal Pole, Type SWP _____ .............. 207 Install Street Lighting Unit, Type SL _____ .......................... 207 Install Temporary Lighting Unit, Type _____ ....................... 207 Install Type A Sign ................. 226 Install Type B Sign ................. 226 Install Vehicle Detector, Type _____ Preformed .............. 210 Install Vehicle Detector, Type TD _____ ................................ 210 Installing Tie Bars .................. 740 Insulation ............................... 489 Insulation Board ..................... 426 Insurance Liability ................................ 65 Intensity Requirements .......... 926 Interest .................................... 96 Interest, P ublic ......................... 69 Interference to Traffic .............. 69 Interference, Traffic ................. 83 Intermediate Anchorage Sections .................................. 727, 728 Intermediate Metallic Conduit 929 Interpass Temperature .......... 545 Interpreta tion ........................... 44 Interruption of Service ............. 71 Intersection and Driveway Preparation ........................ 155 Intersections .................. 156, 362 Iron Castin gs ......................... 889 Acceptance Requirements 889 Description ........................ 889 Iron Rod ................................. 736 Irrigation ................................ 133 Irrigation Stru cture ................. 631 Items Cancelled ............................ 94 Items, Specia lty ....................... 73 J Jack ....................................... 650 Jacking _____ inch _____ Pipe .......................................... 650 Jacking Culvert Pipe, Sewer Pipe, and Ca sing ............... 650 Jacking Pi ts ........................... 199 Jacking Pressu re ........... 505, 506 Jacks ..................................... 505 Jetting .................................... 478 Job Inspection Torque ........... 538 Joint ....................................... 437 Joint Compound Heater ......... 395 Joint Construction Procedures .......................................... 411 INDEX I - 17 Joint Fill er .............................. 333 Joint Filling Machine .............. 395 Joint Sa w .............................. 395 Joint Sealing - Asphalt to Concrete ................... 333, 337 Joint Sealing Filler ................. 801 Description ........................ 801 Material Characteristics .... 801 Joints .... 323, 362, 410, 488, 490, Joints Between Old and New Pavement s ........................ 323 Junction Boxes ...................... 754 Abandoning....................... 757 L Labor ....................................... 98 Labor Laws ............................. 98 Labor, Shorta ge ...................... 82 Laboratories, Field ................ 721 Laborator y ............................. 721 Ladder Reinforcing Strips ...... 609 Laminated Beari ng Pads ....... 917 Acceptance Requirements 917 Description ........................ 917 Lamps ................................... 258 Land ........................................ 50 Land Contra cts ...................... 111 Lapped Splic es...................... 523 Large Tree Removal ..... 113, 114 Latex-Modified Emulsified Asphalt .............................. 357 Laws ........................................ 56 Laws, Feder al.......................... 56 Laws, Local ............................. 56 Laws, State ............................. 56 Layer ..................................... 321 Layer of Embankment ........... 162 Layers ................................... 455 Lead ...................................... 893 Lead Sheet .................... 548, 578 Lead-Based Paint Removal .. 651 Leads .................................... 470 Leakage ................................ 631 Ledge Rock ................... 736, 866 Legal Relati ons ....................... 56 Legal Relations and Responsibility to the Public . 56 Legal Rights ............................ 71 Leveling Pa d ......................... 596 Leveling Pad Elev ations ........ 604 Leveling Pads ................ 618, 619 Liability Insurance .............. 65, 93 Licenses .................................. 59 Lifting Inse rts ......................... 591 Light Harrowi ng ..................... 667 Light-Duty Post ...................... 923 Lighting and Traffic Signal General Requirements ...... 185 Lighting Control Center .......... 937 Lighting Control Centers 121, 214 Lighting System ............. 217, 219 Lighting Un its ......................... 217 Lighting, Signs and Traffic Control Breakaway Connectors ..... 190 Grounding ......................... 188 Material Requ irements ...... 185 Secondary Electrical Connections .................. 189 Tests of Systems ............... 187 Lime ....................................... 787 Limestone ...................... 858, 859 Limestone Dust ...................... 864 Liming .................................... 794 Line Post s .............................. 911 Linear Reinforcement .... 588, 606 Lines ...................................... 105 Liquid Asph alts ...................... 850 Acceptance Requirements 850 Description ........................ 850 Material Characteristics ..... 850 Procedures ........................ 850 Liquid Compounds for Curing Concrete Acceptance Requirements 800 Bituminous ........................ 800 Description ........................ 800 Material Characteristics ..... 800 Liquid Membrane-Forming Compound......................... 507 Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds ....................... 409 Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing Concrete ........................... 799 Acceptance Requirements 799 Description ........................ 799 Material Characteristics ..... 799 Liquidated Damages ........ 87, 161 INDEX I - 18 Liquidated Damages Formula . 87 Load Cell s ............................. 505 Load Tickets .......................... 451 Loading Equi pment ............... 758 Loams ................................... 858 Local Tra ffic ............................ 41 Logs ...................................... 456 Longitudinal Joint .................. 322 Longitudinal Joint Sealing ..... 337 Longitudinal Jo ints ................ 406 Longitudinal Laps .................. 405 Longitudinal Meas urements .... 90 Loop Amplifie rs ..................... 947 Loop Detect or........................ 947 Loop Detector Wire ............... 938 Loop Detect ors ...................... 209 Loop Vehicle Detector Amplifiers .......................................... 947 Loops .................................... 209 Los Angeles Abrasion Loss percentage ........................ 866 Lot ......................................... 325 Lot of S eed ............................ 663 Low Carbon Steel Fasteners . 895 Acceptance Requirements 895 Description ........................ 895 Material Characteristics .... 895 Low Relaxation Strands ........ 821 Lugs ...................................... 322 Lumber .................................. 958 Luminaire Arm ....................... 952 Luminaire Conversion ........... 213 Luminaire Extension .............. 952 Luminaire Removal ............... 118 Luminaires ............................ 212 High Mas t.......................... 212 Roadway Lighting ............. 212 Sign Lightin g ..................... 213 Wall Mounte d .................... 212 M Magnesium Bull Float ............ 425 Magnetic Dete ctor ................. 949 Magnetic Dete ctors ............... 209 Mailbox .......................... 748, 763 Mailbox Po st ......................... 763 Mailbox Turnouts ................... 748 Special Surface Course .... 748 Maintenance ................. 153, 345 Maintenance of Detours, Shooflies, and Temporary Accesses ...... 41 Maintenance Oper ations ......... 79 Major Steel Br idges ............... 525 Malleable Ir on ........................ 889 Manhole ___________ .......... 755 Manholes ............... 754, 755, 756 Abandoning ....................... 757 Manual of Standard Practice . 522 Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways .................... 920 Manufacture of Cast-In-Place Concrete Piles ................... 465 Manufacturer Certified Test Report ............................... 901 Manufacturer's Certification ... 550 Manufacturer's Certified Tests .......................................... 773 Manufacturer's Data .............. 186 Markers ................................. 750 Markers, Right-of-Way ........... 111 Marking and Sh ipping ............ 547 Marking T ape......................... 918 Masonry and Distribution Plate Tolerances ........................ 581 Masonry Plates ...................... 578 Mast Arm Re moval ................ 118 Mast Arm Si gnal .................... 206 Mast Arm Signal Pole, Type MP _____ ................................ 207 Match-Marked........................ 531 Matchmarki ng ........................ 531 Material Conf ormity ................. 46 Material Details Approved Products List ..... 774 Material Guar antee .................. 52 Material, Unsu itable ............... 137 Materials ...................... 42, 52, 54 Delivery, Storage and Handling.......................... 53 Materials Samplin g Guide ..... 850 Materials, Contamination ......... 53 Materials, Found ...................... 42 Materials, Inspection ................ 53 Materials, Patented .................. 60 Materials, So urces ................... 52 Materials, State-Furnished ...... 54 Materials, Stor ed ............... 54, 61 Materials, Te sted ..................... 52 INDEX I - 19 Materials, Unacceptable .......... 54 Maximum Density .................. 424 Maximum Lift Thickness 599, 616 Maximum Mass ....................... 49 Maximum Sl ump ................... 465 Maximum Temperature ......... 507 Measurement .......................... 90 Measurements, Longi tudinal ... 90 Measurements, Transverse .... 90 Mechanical Brooms ............... 305 Mechanical Fence Stretchers742, Mechanical In serters ............. 405 Mechanical Jo int Saw ........... 395 Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) Walls ...................... 585 Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls - Modular Block ....... 603 Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls with Concrete Facing Panels ............................... 585 Median Barri er....................... 439 Median Construc tion ............. 173 Median Surfac ing .................. 433 Medians ................................ 173 Melter-Applicator Unit ............ 333 Membrane Curi ng ................. 493 Messengers .......................... 908 Metal Flared-End Sections .... 872 Metal Foil .............................. 926 Metal Hanger s ....................... 483 Metal Keyw ay ........................ 822 Metal Ties ............................. 482 Metallized .............................. 906 Metallizi ng ............................. 582 Meteorites ............................... 64 Meter, Water ................. 140, 702 Methods of Operation .............. 84 Methods, Tests ........................ 52 Microsurfacing ............... 357, 361 Migratory Fish ....................... 126 Mill Order s ............................. 527 Mill Test R eport ..................... 901 Milled Surfaces ...................... 327 Milling Mach ine ..................... 347 Mineral Aggregate ................. 346 Mineral Filler.. 341, 357, 358, 864 Mineral Filler Bins .................. 315 Mineral Filler for Bituminous Sand Base Course ............ 346 Mineral Filler for Microsurfacing .......................................... 364 Minimum Dry-Film Thickness 553 Minimum Free Haul Distance 150 Minimum Nut Ro tation ........... 899 Minimum Speed ....................... 62 Minor Items .............................. 42 Mix Designs ........................... 498 Mixed Pro duct........................ 358 Mixture Temperature ............. 325 Mobile Mixer .................. 423, 781 Mobilizati on ........................... 102 Modular Block/Drainage Fill .. 610, Modular Bloc ks ...................... 604 Moisture ................................. 363 Moisture Content .. 162, 343, 344, 368, 869, 965 Moisture Rete ntion ................ 420 Moisture Retention Tests ....... 409 Monolithic Lay er .................... 482 Monuments .............................. 64 Mortar ............ 431, 476, 491, 756 Mortar B eds ........................... 754 Mortared Join ts ...................... 630 Motor Driven Wire Brushes ... 395 Motorgrader ........................... 156 Motorgraders ......................... 758 Mounting Brac kets ................. 921 Moving Equi pment ................... 50 Mudsills ................................. 481 Mulch ..... 663, 673, 677, 709, 712 Mulch Crim per ....................... 674 Mulch Deliver ies .................... 673 Mulch Perimeter Control ........ 688 Mulching ................................ 673 MUTCD Sign No. G20-4 ........ 260 N Nails ...................................... 903 National Electrical Code ........ 938 National Em ergency ................ 88 National Ready Mixed Concrete Association ........................ 779 National Register of Historic Places ................................. 57 Native American Relics ........... 64 Native Prairie Hay .................. 673 Natural Phenomena ................. 69 NDOT Tru cks......................... 332 INDEX I - 20 Nebraska Licensed ................. 52 Nebraska Revenue Act of 1967 ............................................ 59 Needle Gun ........................... 551 NEMA Vehicle Actuated ........ 940 Neoprene .............................. 648 New Flared-End Sections ..... 640 New Materials ......................... 48 NICET Certif ied ..................... 106 Nitrogen ................................ 670 Nominal Dimension ............... 582 Non-agitator Trucks ............... 781 Nonconforming Materials ........ 46 Nonextruding ......................... 805 Non-Guided Bearing Device, Type III .............................. 584 Non-Guided Expansion ......... 583 Non-Guided Expansion Bearings .......................................... 576 Normal .................................. 944 Notch Toughn ess .................. 883 Notebooks ............................. 106 Notice to Proceed .............. 76, 83 Noxious Weed Free .............. 673 Nuts 895, 896, 903, 921, 924, 950 O Object Markers ........................ 63 Obstructi ons ............................ 42 Obstructions, Minor ................. 42 Office Ar ea ............................ 546 Offset Blo cks ......................... 725 One Call Notification System Act .......................................... 189 One-Call Notification System Act ............................................ 56 Opened to Tr affic .................. 393 Opening .................................. 68 Opening the Lane to Traffic ... 162 Openings ................................. 61 Operation and Maintenance of Temporary Lighting System, Type _____ ....................... 220 Operations Limitations........................... 83 Opposing Lane Divider .......... 266 Opposing Lane Dividers 262, 265 Optically Programmed Traffic Signal ................................ 940 Orders ............................... 44, 56 Ordinary Surface Finish ......... 491 Organic Binder s ..................... 905 Organic Matte r ....................... 858 Other Reasons Termination Cl ause ............. 89 Outer Slope ........................... 131 Outer Sl opes.......................... 136 Overdrivi ng ............................ 476 Overfill Embank ment ............. 136 Overhaul ................................ 150 Overlapping Excavation ......... 460 Overlaps ................................ 644 Overlay Markers .................... 918 Overseeded ........................... 681 P Pad Mounted Cabinets .......... 942 Padlocks ................................ 743 Pads ...................................... 548 Paint ...................................... 550 Paint Color ............. 968, 969, 971 Paint Film Thickness ............. 923 Painted Posts ........................ 923 Painting ................................. 550 Painting Pi les ......................... 476 Painting Piles and Miscellaneous Steel .................................. 556 Painting Structure at ________ .......................................... 556 Paints and Protective Coatings .................................. 968, 971 Acceptance Requirements 968 Description ........................ 968 Material Characteristics ..... 968 Paleontologic al Discoveries ..... 64 Panel Dimensions .................. 590 Panel Join ts ........................... 223 Panel Square ness ................. 590 Panel Surface Finish ............. 590 Parallelis m ............................. 582 Partial Paymen t ............... 94, 714 Participation, Federal ............... 61 Partnering .............................. 103 Patch, Type and Size ............ 422 Patching ................................ 372 Patching Mate rials ................. 815 Patented Devi ces .................... 60 Patented Materials ................... 60 Patents .................................... 60 Pavement Marking Removal . 296 INDEX I - 21 Pavement Mark ings .............. 348 Pavement Pa nels .................. 422 Pavement Repairs ................. 422 Payment .................................. 90 Partial ................................. 94 Payment For Extra Work ......... 92 Payment, Final ........................ 97 Payments, Estimates .............. 95 Pedestal Po le ........................ 953 Pedestal Pole, Type PP _____ .......................................... 207 Pedestal Traffic Signal Pole .. 953 Pedestrain Barrier Rail .......... 621 Pedestrain Railing (Chain Link Type) ................................ 621 Pedestrian Handrail ............... 621 Pedestrian Pushbutton, Type PPB .................................. 210 Pedestrian Pushbuttons 209, 950 Pedestrian Ra iling ................. 620 Pedestrian Si gnals ................ 940 Pelleted Fert ilizer .................. 711 Pension Fund Benefits ............ 93 Pentachlorophenol ........ 954, 959 Pentachlorophenol Solution .. 967 Perchlorethylene ................... 222 Performance ........................... 44 Permanent Lighting System .. 185 Permanent Pavement Marking .......................................... 268 Permanent Seeding .............. 663 Permit, Pavement Opening ..... 61 Permits ........................ 59, 61, 64 Personal Liab ility ..................... 71 Phosphoric Acid .................... 670 Photoelectric Control ............. 937 Pick-up Devi ce ...................... 342 Pier _____ Excavation .......... 462 Piers ...... 117, 453, 455, 456, 458 Pigments ............................... 918 Pile Cush ion .......................... 467 Pile Driv er ............................. 470 Pile Driv ing ............................ 469 Pile Driving An alyzer ............. 474 Pile Order Lengths ................ 474 Pile Penetra tion ..................... 472 Pile Pi t ................................... 467 Pile Poin ts ............................. 476 Pile Reinforcement ........ 598, 615 Pile Welding .......................... 469 Piles ....................................... 894 Concrete For ..................... 466 Determination of Bearing Capacity ........................ 471 Driving ............................... 471 Elevation and Cutoff .......... 475 Extensions, Splices and Overdriving - Measurement and Payment ................. 478 Extensions, Splices, Build- Ups, and Overdriving .... 476 Material Requ irements ...... 465 Method of Dr iving .............. 469 Painting ............................. 476 Practical Re fusal ............... 475 Precast Concrete .............. 498 Prefabricated Cast Steel Pile Points ............................ 476 Preparation for Driving ...... 466 Prestressed Concrete ....... 498 Steel Shee t........................ 894 Storing and Handling ......... 466 Toleranc e .......................... 471 Piles and Pile Driving ............. 465 Pilot Nuts ............................... 540 Pilot Vehicl e ................... 260, 265 Pilot Vehicle Driver ................ 261 Pinholes ................................. 539 Pins ............................... 527, 547 Pins and Ro llers .................... 539 Pipe ....................... 454, 743, 910 Ductile Iron ........................ 877 Pipe Pile ................................ 465 Pipe Pili ng ............................. 477 Pipe Underdrai ns ................... 751 Pipe-Arch ............................... 630 Piston .................................... 578 Piston Tolera nces .................. 581 Place Concre te ...................... 486 Placement Inspector .............. 324 Placement of Asphaltic Concrete for Driveways and Intersecti ons ...................... 325 Placement of Concrete for Structures .......................... 485 Placement Temper atures ...... 404 Placing ........................... 393, 420 Placing Concrete .. 404, 485, 487, Placing Reinforcing Steel ...... 405 INDEX I - 22 Placing, Finishing, and Curing HD Concrete Overlay ........ 572 Plain Was hers ....................... 924 Plans ............................... 44, 101 Alteration of ......................... 37 Distribution of .................... 101 Plans and Working Drawings 529 Plans, Coordina tion ................. 46 Plans, Deviat ions .................... 46 Plant ...................................... 315 Plant Approval Requirements for Precast Concrete ....................... 502 Plant Inspection, Building ........ 53 Plant Inspection, Safety Measures ............................ 53 Plant Inspection, Unrestricted Rights ................................. 53 Plant Materi als ...................... 707 Description ........................ 707 Planting ................................. 707 Planting Fert ilizer .................. 708 Planting Seas on .................... 707 Plants in St orage ................... 709 Plant's Label .......................... 707 Plants, Dryer-Dr um Mixing .... 315 Plaster of Paris ...................... 787 Plastic for Curing Concrete ... 797 Plastic Pi pe ........................... 875 Plastic Ti es ............................ 482 Plasticity Index ...... 593, 867, 870 Plates .................................... 527 Plow-Pulled ........................... 195 Plug ............................... 643, 757 Plugging Sewer Lines ...................... 117 Pneumatic-Tired Roller ......... 341 Pole ....................................... 952 Pole and Tower Foundations 202 Pole Lines ............................... 71 Pole Mounted C ontrollers ...... 211 Pole Sha ft ............................. 952 Pole Tongs ............................ 954 Poles ............. 121, 188, 930, 954 Poles and To wers ................. 204 Polyamid Fiber ...................... 522 Polychloroprene .................... 648 Polychloroprene (Neoprene) . 646 Polyethylene Film for Curing Concrete ........................... 797 Acceptance Requirements 797 Description ........................ 797 Material Characteristics ..... 797 Polyethylene Pipe .................. 875 Polyethylene Sheets .............. 507 Polymeric Mate rials ............... 918 Polystrene Board Fillers ........ 914 Acceptance Requirements 914 Description ........................ 914 Material Characteristics ..... 914 Polytetraflourethylene Surface .......................................... 646 Polyurethane ......................... 910 Polyvinyl Chloride Conduit ..... 929 Ponding ................................. 133 Portable Scales ............... 90, 317 Portland Cement .................... 787 Acceptance Requirements 788 Description ........................ 787 Material Characteristics ..... 787 Procedures ........................ 787 Portland Cement Concrete .... 775 Acceptance Requirements 782 Description ........................ 775 Material Characteristics ..... 775 Mixing and Handling General Procedures ................... 778 Portland Cement Concrete Aggregat e.......................... 859 Portland Cement Concrete Pavement .......................... 393 Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Smoothness ..... 396 Post-emergent C hemical ....... 709 Post-emergent Chemicals ..... 712 Posts .... 693, 725, 745, 910, 911, 923, 961, 962 Posts and Fasteners Description ........................ 923 Material Characteristics ..... 923 Posts and Fasteners for Highway Signing .............................. 923 Acceptance Requirements 925 Post-sodding Fe rtilizer ........... 681 Post-sodding Inorganic Fertilizer .......................................... 679 Post-Tensioned Tendons ...... 505 Post-Tensioning ..................... 499 Post-Tensioning Method ........ 506 Pot Base ................................ 578 INDEX I - 23 Pot Bearin gs ......................... 577 Pot Cavity .............................. 577 Pot Undersi de ....................... 580 Potash ................................... 670 Potassium Oxide ................... 787 Powdered Zi nc ...................... 905 Power ...................................... 70 Power Hammer ..................... 469 Power Sprayer ...................... 410 Pozzolan ............................... 794 Pozzolan Clas s C .................. 794 Pozzolans ............................. 775 Practical Refusal of Piles ...... 475 Preassembly ......................... 542 Preassembly of Field Connections ...................... 542 Precast Concrete Piles .................................. 498 Structural Units ................. 498 Superstructur es ................ 498 Precast Concrete Median Barriers ............................. 439 Pre-Cast P iling ...................... 465 Precast Structures ................. 504 Precast/Prestressed Concrete Construction Methods ....... 504 Curing ............................... 507 Defects and Repair Procedures ................... 509 Forms ............................... 506 Grouting for Post-Tensioned Units ............................. 510 Handling, Transporting, and Storing .......................... 510 Inspection Facilities .......... 511 Material Requ irements ...... 498 Placing Conc rete .............. 506 Stressing Proc edure ......... 505 Stressing Requirements ... 504 Surface Fini sh ................... 509 Precast/Prestressed Concrete _____ Superstructure at Station ____ _* .................. 512 Precast/Prestressed Structural Units ................................. 498 Precast-Prestressed Concrete Description ........................ 498 Precision End Trimmed ......... 958 Precompressed Polyurethane Foam (PPF) Joint .............. 657 Preconstruction Conference ... 85, 253, 289 Preducted C able .................... 195 Pre-emergent C hemical ......... 709 Pre-emergent Herbicide ........ 680 Pre-emergent Weed Control .. 679 Prefabricated Cast Steel Pile Points ................................ 476 Preformed Join t Filler ............ 805 Acceptance Requirements 805 Description ........................ 805 Material Characteristics ..... 805 Procedures ........................ 805 Preformed Loop Vehicle Detectors ........................... 209 Preformed Plastic for Pipe Joints .......................................... 631 Preformed Plastic Gasket ...... 631 Preformed Polychloroprene Elastomeric Join t Seals ..... 806 Acceptance Requirements 806 Description ........................ 806 Material Characteristics ..... 806 Preheat .......................... 507, 545 Preliminary Compaction ........ 164 Premature Refusal ................. 475 Preparatio n ............................ 318 Preparation of Bearing Areas and Setting Anchor Bolts .......... 484 Preparation of Bridge at Station _____ ................................ 496 Preparation of Intersections and Driveways.......................... 157 Preparation of Structure at Station __ ___ .................... 123 Prepare Expansion Relief Joint .......................................... 325 Preservative Treatment . 953, 964 Preservatives Wood ................................. 967 Pressure Gauges ................... 505 Pressure-Formed Pelleted Fertilizer ............................ 711 Prestressed Steel .................. 498 Pretensioned Members ......... 505 Pretensioning Method ............ 505 Pre-watered ........................... 134 Prewatering ........................... 133 Pre-wateri ng .......................... 111 Pre-watering of Excavation 78, 80 INDEX I - 24 Prime Coat .................... 375, 552 Primer ................................... 968 Priming C oat ......................... 761 Priorities .................................. 46 Prismatic ............................... 926 Private Fence Terminal for _____ Foot Chain-Link Fence ..... 747 Private Fence Terminals ....... 744 Private La nd ............................ 50 Processes, Pa tented ............... 60 Production Lo t ....................... 591 Professional Engineer .. 480, 586, Profile He ight......................... 550 Profiling ......... 153, 155, 167, 393 Progress .................................. 73 Progress Estimates ........... 86, 94 Progress of Work .................... 85 Progress Schedule ............ 85, 86 Project Lighting System Maintenance ............. 217, 218 Project, Is Open ...................... 63 Project, Openi ng ..................... 68 Proof Load Test..................... 583 Proof Load Te sts ................... 898 Property .................................. 64 Property Damage Insurance ... 93 Property, Utility and Services .. 70 Proposals, Sa vings ................. 39 Proposals, Subm ission ............ 39 Prosecution ............................. 73 Provisions, Sanitary ................ 61 Prune Deciduous Plant ......... 712 Pruning .................................. 712 PTFE and Stainless Steel Sliding Surface Tolerances ........... 581 PTFE Sliding Surface ............ 579 Public ...................................... 56 Public Convenience ................ 61 Public Inte rest ......................... 69 Public Liab ility ......................... 69 Public Officials, Personal Liability ............................................ 71 Public Responsi bility ............... 56 Public Safety ................. 254, 289 Pull Boxes ............................. 201 Pull Post for _____ Foot Chain- Link Fence ........................ 747 Pull Posts .............. 744, 746, 911 Pull-Post s .............................. 742 Pumping Conc rete ................. 487 Punched Ho les ...................... 530 Purchasing Agent Appointment59 Q Quality, Accept ability ............... 44 Quantities of Work ................... 92 Quantities, Altered ................... 92 Quantities, Measurement ........ 90 Quantities, Proposal For .......... 94 Quarry Weight ....................... 733 Quartzite ........ 357, 858, 864, 866 Questionable Work .................. 96 R Radiant He at ......................... 508 Radio Interference Suppressor .......................................... 943 Radius of Curvature ............... 543 Rail Elemen ts ........................ 620 Rail Post s .............................. 620 Rail Suppor ts ......................... 514 Rails ...................................... 514 Railway .................................... 70 Railway Cars ........................... 53 Rain ....................................... 343 Raised Pavement Marker ...... 296 Ram Force ............................. 469 Rapid Curing Type ................. 850 Rapid-Curing Cut-back Asphalt .......................................... 850 Rates of Application ............... 663 Reamed ................................. 530 Reaming ........................ 530, 548 Rebuild .................................... 69 Reconstruct Manhole ............. 756 Reconstruction of Manholes .. 756 Recording The rmometer ........ 508 Recycled Asphalt Shingles for Use in Asphaltic Concrete Basis of Pa yment .............. 969 Recycled Asphalt Shingles for Use in Asphaltic Concrete . 969 Acceptance Requirements 969 Description ........................ 969 Material Characteristics ..... 969 Reduced Pr ice ....................... 326 Re-excavate .......................... 142 Reference Li ne ...................... 403 Reference System ......... 316, 348 INDEX I - 25 Reflective Sheeting 221, 222, 920 Reflectorizing Glass Beads ... 918 Reinforced Backfill ........ 610, 619 Reinforced Concrete Manhole Risers ............................... 873 Reinforced Concrete Pipe (Round, Elliptical, Pipe-Arch) .......................................... 873 Reinforced Concrete Pipe, Manhole Risers, and Flared- End Sections ..................... 873 Reinforced Concrete Slotted Pipe .......................................... 630 Reinforcem ent ....................... 521 Concrete Bridge Floors ..... 513 Description ........................ 521 Fabrication ........................ 521 Material Requ irements ...... 521 Placing and Fastening ...... 521 Protection of Material ........ 521 Splicing ............................. 522 Reinforci ng ............................ 738 Reinforcing Bars .................... 522 Reinforcing Steel ... 203, 405, 604 Cold-Drawn Steel Wire ..... 818 Tie Bars ............................ 404 Welded Steel Wire Fabric 405, Reinforcing Steel for ______ . 523 Reinforcing Steel for _______755 Reinforcing Steel for Collar ... 633 Reinforcing Strands ............... 476 Reinstall Flared-End Sections 640 Rejected Plant Ma terial ......... 708 Relaying Reinforced Concrete Pipe .................................. 633 Relief Join ts .......................... 324 Relocate High Mast Lighting Unit, Type T _____ .................... 207 Relocate Lighting Control Center, Type _____ ....................... 215 Relocate Street Lighting Unit, Type _____ ....................... 207 Relocated To wers ................. 206 Removal .................................. 42 Removal and Processing of Concrete Pavement .......... 179 Removal of Existing Guardrail ............. 729 Removal of Forms ................. 589 Removal of Structures and Obstructi ons ...................... 115 Removal of Unsuitably Wet Soil .......................................... 141 Remove & Reset Flexible Post Delineators ........................ 249 Remove & Salvage Guardrail 730 Remove and Salvage Flared-End Section .............................. 641 Remove Falsework ................ 514 Remove Flared-End Section . 641 Remove Guardrail ................. 730 Remove Pave ment ................ 423 Removing and Resetting Delineators ........................ 249 Removing and Resetting Guardrail ........................... 729 Rental .................................... 758 Rental of _____ ..................... 760 Rental of Backhoe . 692, 695, 699 Rental of Ba ckhoe ................. 687 Rental of Backhoe, Fully Operated ........................... 691 Rental of Crawler .. 687, 691, 695, Rental of Crawler ................... 692 Rental of Dump Truck ... 691, 695, Rental of Dump Truck ............ 687 Rental of Dump Truck ............ 692 Rental of Dump Truck, Fully Operated ........................... 374 Rental of Loader .... 691, 695, 699 Rental of Loader .................... 687 Rental of Loader .................... 692 Rental of Loader, Fully Operated .......................................... 374 Rental of Motor Grader, Fully Operated ........................... 374 Rental of Skid Loader ... 691, 695, Rental of Skid Loader ............ 687 Rental of Skid Loader ............ 692 Rental of Skid Loader, Fully Operated ........................... 374 Rental Rate Bl ue Book ............ 93 Repair ...................................... 69 Repair Method 3 -- Sprayed Zinc .......................................... 906 INDEX I - 26 Repair of Damaged Metallic Coatings ........................... 905 Description ........................ 905 Material Characteristics .... 905 Report ................................... 158 Requisition, Stock ................... 54 Reset Guardr ail ..................... 730 Resetting Guar drail ............... 729 Residual As phalt ................... 358 Resilient Bitumi nous Type ..... 805 Responsibil ity .......................... 70 Responsibility of Payment ....... 92 Responsibility, C ontractor's ..... 69 Restoration of Property ........... 64 Restoration of Service ............. 71 Restore ................................... 69 Restore Borrow Pit ................ 149 Restore Waste Site ............... 149 Retaining Wa ll ....................... 603 Retaining Walls ............. 451, 453 Retarders .............................. 518 Retentions ............................... 94 Retroreflecti ng Lens .............. 926 Retroreflective Sheeting ........ 920 Revet Mattress ...................... 736 Revet Mattress, Type _____ . 736 Revet Mattres ses .................. 957 Right-of-Way ..................... 50, 65 Right-of-Way and Barbed Wire Fence ................................ 741 Concrete Footings ............ 741 Right-of-Way Fence ...... 741, 744 Right-of-Way Markers ........... 750 Right-of-Way Monuments ..... 106 Rights, Legal ........................... 71 Rigid Beam Elements ............ 725 Ring Shakes .......................... 961 Riprap ................................... 117 Riprap Filter Fabric ................ 645 Roads Closed ................................ 63 Open for Traffi c ............. 63, 68 Roads, Obliterate .................. 145 Roadside Si gns ..................... 224 Roadway and Sign Lighting Structures ......................... 937 Roadway Grading ................. 145 Roadway Lighting Luminaires 936 Roadway Lighting Luminaries 212 Roadway Lighting Removal .. 118 Roadway Lighting, Sign Lighting, and Traffic Si gnals ............ 928 Acceptance Requirements 956 Description ........................ 928 Material Characteristics ..... 928 Rock .............. 454, 455, 480, 732 Rock Anchors ........................ 480 Rock Anchors for Spread Footings ............................ 480 Rock and Grav el .................... 177 Rock Fragment s .................... 135 Rock Lot ........................ 175, 177 Rock or Gravel Surfacing ...... 175 Rock Ripra p ........................... 732 Rock Riprap, Type _____ ...... 733 Rock-Fill ................................ 736 Roller ............. 317, 340, 353, 749 Roller Dr ums.......................... 340 Roller Marks .......................... 323 Roller Sp eed .......................... 323 Rollers ........................... 345, 758 Rolling ........................... 344, 369 Root Balls .............................. 708 Rot ......................................... 961 Rotary Tille rs ......................... 759 Rotational Capacity Lot Number .......................................... 901 Rotational Capaci ty Test ....... 532 Rotational Capacity Tests ...... 898 Round .................................... 630 Routemarker .......................... 920 Rubbed Finish ....... 491, 492, 493 Rubber Gaskets ..................... 630 Rubber-Asphalt Joint Filler .... 333 Rubble ................................... 120 Rueping ......................... 953, 959 Rut ......................................... 359 Rye ................................ 673, 681 S Safety ...................................... 61 Safety Devices ......................... 56 Sales and Us e Tax .................. 59 Salvage Sewer Pipe .............. 124 Salvageable Materials ........... 111 Salvaged Bridges and Culverts ......... 117 Salvaged Bituminous Material353 Salvaged Material .......... 118, 352 Salvaged P iles ....................... 466 INDEX I - 27 Salvaging Catch Basins ..................... 117 Inlets ................................. 117 Manholes .......................... 117 Sewers .............................. 117 Salvaging and Placing Topsoil .......................................... 148 Salvaging and Stockpiling Bituminous Material .......... 352 Sample .. 521, 587, 606, 864, 968 Samples .......................... 52, 537 Sampling ......................... 52, 599 Sand .............................. 343, 357 Sand Fill ........................ 433, 435 Sandblasting Equipment 394, 562 Sand-fill ................................. 737 Sandstone ............................. 732 Sandy Subgrade ................... 155 Sanitary Bypass .................... 117 Sanitary Provisions ................. 61 Sawing Pavem ent ................. 124 Saximeter ...................... 467, 490 Scale ..................................... 781 Scale Hous e .......................... 721 Scale Ticke t .......................... 164 Scale Ticke ts ......................... 324 Scales ..................... 91, 317, 350 Scarified Mate rial .................. 155 Scarify ........... 149, 154, 155, 158 Scarifying E quipment ............ 562 Schedule ................................. 86 Scope of Paym ent ................... 91 Scope of Wo rk......................... 37 Scrapers ................................ 758 Screed ........... 316, 359, 425, 515 Screedin g .............................. 323 Screeds ................................. 423 Screened Processing ............ 223 Screenings ............................ 164 Screws .................................. 903 Seal Course .......... 451, 454, 496 Sealing Comp ounds .............. 810 Acceptance Requirements 811 Description ........................ 810 Material Characteristics .... 810 Procedures ....................... 810 Sealing Cra cks ...................... 441 Sealing Join ts ........................ 444 Sealing Rings ........................ 578 Sealing Transverse Joints with Silicone Joint Sealant ........ 411 Seams ................................... 410 Second Tier Subcontracts ....... 73 Seed Analys is ........................ 663 Seed Bed ............................... 664 Seed Mixtur es........................ 663 Seed Tags ............................. 663 Seeding Methods ................... 663 Seeding Operat ions ............... 663 Seeding, Type ______ .......... 665 Segregation ........................... 868 Select Backfill ................ 587, 606 Select Granular ...................... 593 Select Granular Backfill 594, 600, 601, 612, 617 Select Granular Backfill for MSE Walls ......................... 602, 619 Selective Placement Materials .......................................... 139 Sensing Po int ........................ 348 Service Cable, _____ Aerial .. 197 Service Cable, Direct Buried . 196 Service Connections ................ 47 Services ................................... 70 Set Retarding Agents ............ 358 Settlement, Final ...................... 51 Setup Factor .................. 474, 475 Sewers .................................. 636 Additional Excavation for Backfill .......................... 461 Shales ........................... 131, 456 Shearing ................................ 529 Sheepsfoot Roller .................. 139 Sheet Alumi num .................... 892 Acceptance Requirements 892 Description ........................ 892 Sheet Lead ............................ 893 Acceptance Requirements 893 Description ........................ 893 Sheet Metal Aluminum .......................... 892 Galvanized ........................ 890 Lead .................................. 893 Sheet Pile Excavation ............ 462 Sheet Pile s ............................ 465 Sheet Zinc ............................. 891 Acceptance Requirements 891 Description ........................ 891 Sheet Metal- Zinc ............... 891 INDEX I - 28 Sheeting ................................ 410 Shell ...................................... 466 Shells for Cast-in-Place Piling 466 Shielded Meta l-Arc ................ 545 Shoe ...................................... 348 Shooflies ................................. 41 Shop ...................................... 905 Shop Drawings ...... 586, 604, 928 Shop Painti ng ........................ 552 Shoring .................................. 451 Shoring For Mechanically Stabilized Earth Structures 602 Shortage of Labor ................... 82 Shoulder ................................ 160 Shoulder Construction ... 160, 162 Shoulder Embankment .......... 160 Shoulder Measurement ......... 156 Shoulder Prof iling .................. 155 Shoulder Sl opes .................... 154 Shoulder Subgrade Preparation .......................... 154, 15 5, 157 Shoulder Subgrade Stabilization .......................................... 158 Shoulders ................................ 63 Shoulders, T opsoil ................ 147 Side-Delivery Ma chines ........ 316 Sidewalk ........................ 121, 199 Sidewalks ...................... 116, 433 Sign Day ............................... 265 Sign Face .............................. 223 Sign Lighting Luminaires 213, 937 Sign Lighting Removal .......... 118 Sign Lighting System ............ 185 Sign Posts ..... 121, 224, 923, 964 Signage ................................. 106 Signal Arm ............................ 952 Signal He ads ......................... 208 Signal Mast Arm .................... 952 Signal Remo val ..................... 118 Signal Structure, Type _____ 207 Signs ............................. 121, 920 Silica ..................................... 787 Silica Fume ........................... 796 Silica Fume Co ncrete ............ 796 Acceptance Requirements 796 Description ........................ 796 Material Characteristics .... 796 Procedures ....................... 796 Silicone Joint Sealer Requirements Acceptance ....................... 803 Silk Scre en ............................ 223 Silt Check, Type _____ ......... 687 Silt Che cks ............................ 686 Silt Fence .............................. 693 Silt Trap ................................. 692 Simple Steel Bridges ............. 525 Single-Component Sealing Compounds (Type I or Type II) .......................................... 810 Single-Component Sealing Compounds Include Polysulfides and Polyurethanes ................... 810 Site .......................................... 38 Site Conditions, Differing ......... 38 Site, Invest igate ....................... 38 Skid Loaders ......................... 759 Skid Resist ance ..................... 348 Skidmore-Wilhelm Calibrator 537, Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars Acceptance Requirements 971 Description ........................ 971 Material Characteristics ..... 971 Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Motars Acceptance Requirements971, Slash Mulc h ........................... 688 Slash Mulch-Gr inding ............ 688 Slash Mulch-Placement ......... 688 Slick Spot s ............................. 361 Slides ..................................... 134 Sliding Surfaces ..................... 646 Slip-Form ....................... 431, 434 Slippage ................................ 505 Slope Mainte nance ................ 134 Slope Protecti on ............ 677, 678 Concrete ........................... 136 Slope Protection Area ............ 678 Slope Protection Mulch .......... 678 Slope Protection Quantity ...... 678 Slope Tracking ....................... 696 Slope, B ench ......................... 135 Slopes ................................... 734 Snug Torque .......................... 901 Snug-tight .............................. 533 Snug-Tight ............................. 535 INDEX I - 29 Social Security Taxes .............. 93 Sod ........................................ 456 Sod Bed ................................ 680 Soda Ash .............................. 794 Sodding ......................... 679, 681 Sodding Oper ation ................ 680 Sodium Oxide........................ 787 Sodium Sulfate Soundness Loss .......................................... 594 Soil Amendm ent .................... 671 Soil Binder ..... 158, 159, 868, 870 Acceptance Requirements 870 Description ........................ 870 Material Characteristics .... 870 Pulverizing ........................ 158 Sampling and Testing Procedures ................... 870 Subgrade Stabilization and Shoulder Subgrade Stabilization .................. 158 Soil Reinforc ement ................ 588 Soil Reinforcement Length .... 605 Soil Reinforcements ..... 598, 600, 615, 617 Soil Rougheni ng .................... 697 Soil Type Minera l Filler .......... 864 Soils, Use ................................ 42 Soil-Setu p ............................. 474 Soil-Setup Determination ...... 474 Solder Allo ys ......................... 905 Solders .................................. 905 Sole Plates ............ 539, 580, 581 Solid State Pre-timed ............ 940 Solid State Pre-timed Controllers .......................................... 940 Soundness ............ 610, 732, 859 Southern Yellow Pine .... 953, 958 Span Wire Signal Pole, Type SWP _____ ....................... 207 Span Wire s ........................... 908 Special Bridge Approach Section .......................................... 728 Special Guardrail Posts . 727, 728 Special Guardrail Posts _____ .......................................... 728 Special Provis ions ................... 46 Special Surface Coating ........ 493 Special Surface Course for Mailbox Turnouts .............. 749 Specialty Items ........................ 73 Specifications .................. 46, 101 Specifications, Coordination .... 46 Spiral Reinfo rcement ............. 523 Splices .. 191, 469, 476, 478, 531, 539, 743, 746 Splicing .................................. 522 Splits at the Bends ................. 521 Spray Bar ...................... 304, 359 Spread Footings ............ 454, 479 Spreading H opper ................. 305 Spring, Conife rous ................. 707 Spring, Deci duous ................. 707 Springbac k ............................ 540 Square End Tr immed ............ 958 Stabilized Construction Exit .. 703, Stainless Steel Sliding Surface .......................................... 580 Stainless Steel Surface ......... 646 Stakes ................... 105, 693, 709 Stakes, Construction ............. 105 Staking .................................... 78 Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges ............... 481 Standard Specifications for Structural Supports For Highway Signs, Luminaires and Traffic Signals .... 930, 934 Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing ................................ 53 Standards, Cit ed ...................... 52 Standing Water .............. 455, 741 Staples .......................... 910, 912 Start Date ................................ 83 Starting Da te............................ 76 State Laws ............................... 56 State Maintenance Patching .. 332 State Surveyor ....................... 106 State-Furnished Materials ....... 54 Static Pile Load Test .............. 477 Steam .................................... 508 Steam Curing Cycle ............... 507 Steam Jets ............................ 508 Steel Structural ........................... 883 Steel Bars .............................. 740 Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcem ent ................... 812 INDEX I - 30 Steel Beam Breakaway Posts 224 Steel Casti ngs ....................... 888 Acceptance Requirements 888 Description ........................ 888 Steel Chan nel........................ 394 Steel Diaphragms .......... 546, 549 Steel Extrusions .................... 648 Steel Forgi ngs ....................... 886 Acceptance Requirements 886 Description ........................ 886 Steel Guardrail Posts and Special Posts Acceptance Requirements 916 Blocks ............................... 916 Description ........................ 916 Material Characteristics .... 916 Steel Handr ail........................ 620 Steel Pili ng ............................ 465 Steel Pipe and Structural Tubing .......................................... 878 Acceptance Requirements 878 Description ........................ 878 Steel Plate Substitution ......... 883 Steel Po t ............................... 577 Steel Raili ngs ........................ 620 Steel Reinforcements .... 588, 606 Steel Sheet Pile ..................... 469 Steel Sheet Piles and Sheet Pile Corners ............................. 894 Acceptance Requirements 894 Description ........................ 894 Steel Sheet P iling .................. 477 Steel Stampi ng ...................... 531 Steel Strand for Prestressed Concrete ........................... 821 Acceptance Requirements 821 Description ........................ 821 Steel Structures ..................... 525 Accuracy of Hole Group .... 530 Bearing Surfaces and Abutting Joints ............................ 539 Bent Plat es ....................... 540 Bolt Holes ......................... 529 Bolt Holes - Drifting ........... 531 Bolt Holes - Matchmarking 531 Bolt Holes - Subpunching, Reaming and Assembly 531 Bolted Connections ........... 532 Description ........................ 525 Falsework ......................... 548 Field Assemb ly .................. 547 General Requirements ...... 529 Heat Curved Girders ......... 542 Joints Using High Tensile Steel Bolts ..................... 532 Marking and Shipping ....... 547 Material Requ irements ...... 527 Pins and Ro llers ................ 539 Plans and Working Drawings ...................................... 529 Punched Ho les .................. 530 Shop and Field Inspection . 546 Steel Diaphragms .............. 546 Thermal Cutting ................. 540 Welded Plate Girders ........ 541 Welding ............................. 545 Steel Structures Painting Council Specifications (SSPC-SP10) .......................................... 550 Steel Substructure at Station _____ ................................ 549 Steel Superstructure at Station _____ ................................ 549 Steel Superstructure at Station ______ .............................. 549 Steel Wire for Prestressed Concrete ........................... 820 Acceptance Requirements 820 Description ........................ 820 Stepping ................................ 155 Steps ..................................... 453 Stock Requis ition ..................... 54 Stock Requisition Form ......... 214 Stockpiled .............................. 869 Stockpiling of Aggregates .. 78, 80 Stone ..................................... 736 Stone Pocket s ....................... 509 Storage of Mate rials ................ 53 Storage Tan ks ....................... 664 Stored Materi als ...................... 54 Straightedge .................. 394, 407 Straighten ing ......................... 542 Strain Transdu cers ................ 475 Strand .................................... 908 Strand Groups ....................... 506 Strand Tens ion ...................... 505 Straw ..................................... 673 Streams ......................... 127, 128 Street Lighting Cable, _____ Aerial ...................... 197 INDEX I - 31 Street Lighting Unit, Type SL ____ .................................. 207 Stressing Stra nds .................. 499 Stretching .............................. 746 Striations ............................... 348 Strip Salv age ......................... 125 Strip Seal s ............................. 648 Strobe Type Beacons .............. 62 Structural Connection .... 598, 615 Structural Connections .. 588, 606 Structural Jo ints .................... 532 Structural Plate Connectors .. 592 Structural Plat e Pipe ............. 453 Structural Plate Pipe, Pipe- Arches and Arches ........... 880 Acceptance Requirements 880 Description ........................ 880 Structural Steel .............. 549, 755 Description ........................ 883 Material Characteristics .... 883 Requirements ................... 883 Structural Steel for Bridge Rail .......................................... 621 Structural Steel for Handrail .. 621 Structural Steel for Sign Supports .......................................... 226 Structural Steel for Substructure .......................................... 549 Structural Steel for Superstruct ure .................. 549 Structural T ubing ................... 878 Structure ............................... 549 Structure - Concrete Construction Consolidation of Concrete 487 Placing Conc rete .............. 485 Pumping Conc rete ............ 487 Structure Backfill Requirements .......................................... 456 Structures .............................. 121 Backfilling .......................... 455 Concrete Construction ...... 479 Description ................ 451, 453 Equipment ......................... 452 Excavation ........................ 453 General Proce dures .......... 451 Structures - Concrete Construction Concreting in Cold Weather ..................................... 489 Curing Concrete ................ 493 Depositing Concrete Under Water ............................ 486 Equipment ......................... 480 Forms ................................ 482 Joints ................................. 490 Material Requ irements ...... 479 Removal of Forms and Falsework ..................... 484 Surface Fini sh ................... 491 Structures, Disposal ................ 42 Structures, Removal ................ 42 Structures, Unforeseen ............ 42 Stud Weldin g ......................... 545 Studded "T" St eel .................. 912 Studs ..................................... 884 Studs, End Welded Description ........................ 884 Stumps .................................. 456 Subcontractor .......................... 73 Subdrains .............................. 753 Subgrade ...... 153, 155, 344, 403, 433, 737 Subgrade Preparation ... 154, 157 Correcting Faulty Conditions ...................................... 157 Excess Excavated Material155 Salvaging and Replacing Aggregate ..................... 155 Sandy Soil ......................... 155 Subgrade Preparation, Shoulder Subgrade Preparation, and Preparation of Intersections and Driveways ................... 154 Subgrade Prof iling ................. 155 For Flexible and Rigid Pavement ...................... 155 Multiple Lift Construction ... 155 Subgrade Stabilization ........... 159 Outside Typical Sections ... 159 Subgrade Stabilization and Shoulder Subgrade Stabilization Compaction ....................... 158 Correcting Faulty Subgrade ...................................... 158 Soil Binder ......................... 158 Subgrade Trimming General Condit ions ........... 155 Sublet ...................................... 73 Subletting ................................ 73 INDEX I - 32 Submerged Ar c ..................... 545 Subpunching ......................... 531 Substructu re .......................... 549 Subsurface Drainage Matting 644 Successive Pours .................. 483 Superelevated Curves ........... 323 Superintende nt ........................ 47 Superpave Asphaltic Concrete .......................................... 823 Superstructure....... 485, 489, 549 Supplemental Agreement . 39, 40, Supply Tanks ........................ 304 Surface Course ............. 345, 353 Surface Finish ............... 439, 509 Surface Te sts ........................ 412 Surface Variation ................... 345 Surge Bi n .............................. 314 Survey ................................... 105 Surveying ........ 78, 105, 106, 107 Suspend .................................. 44 Suspend Work ................... 48, 85 Suspension of Work .......... 70, 85 Suspension s ........................... 85 Sweepers .............................. 305 Swinging Leads ..................... 470 T Tachometer ................... 394, 488 Tack Coat ..... 323, 326, 327, 328, 330, 331, 345 Application of Asphaltic Materials ....................... 327 Tack Coat Volume ................. 328 Tack Weld s ........................... 545 Takedown Panel for ____ Foot Chain-Link Fence .............. 747 Takedown Panels .................. 746 Tamping ........................ 139, 758 Tandem Roll ers ..................... 340 Tank Volu mes ....................... 314 Tapping Existing _____ ......... 639 Tapping Existing Drainage .... 639 Taxes ...................................... 59 Temperature Rate of Rise ..... 508 Temperature Readings ......... 508 Templet Join ts ....................... 431 Temporary Earth Check ........ 691 Temporary Glare Screen265, 266 Temporary Lighting System .. 185 Temporary Lighting Systems . 219 Temporary Pavement Marking .................................. 289, 918 Acceptance Requirements 919 Description ........................ 918 Material Characteristics ..... 918 Temporary Pavement Marking, Type ___ ........... 288, 295, 296 Temporary Power Service ..... 256 Temporary Rock Check ......... 691 Temporary Rumble Strips ..... 256, 264, 266 Temporary Seeding ............... 668 Temporary Silt Check ............ 687 Temporary Slope Drain ......... 701 Temporary Traffic Control Signs and Device s ...................... 250 Temporary Traffic Signal ...... 255, 264, 265 Temporary Utility Facilities ...... 47 Tension Ba nds....................... 746 Tension Ba rs ......................... 746 Tension Wire ................. 912, 913 Tentative Acceptance ........ 50, 97 Terminal Anchorage Sections .................................. 727, 728 Terminal Installations ..... 742, 746 Terminal Sections _____ ....... 728 Terminated .............................. 89 Test ....................................... 944 Test Pile ................................ 475 Test Pile _____ ...................... 477 Test Pile s ............................... 474 Test Strip ....................... 354, 367 Testing ..................................... 52 Tests ........................................ 52 Certified ............................. 773 Textured ................................ 408 TFE Type ............................... 573 Thawing ......................... 732, 866 Thermal Cutting ............. 529, 540 Thermoset Polyester Resin ... 610 Thinning Pa int........................ 551 Threads ................................. 924 Three Girder Laydown ........... 542 Threshed Oa ts ....................... 673 Thrie-Beam Guardrail ... 725, 726, Ticket ..................................... 733 Tie Bars ................. 404, 424, 737 INDEX I - 33 In Adjacent Pavement Lanes ..................................... 406 Tie Rod Excava tion ............... 458 Tie Rod Trenches .................. 456 Tie Strips ............................... 592 Tied, Groups of Work .............. 91 Ties ............... 106, 742, 910, 911 Timber ................................... 958 Timber and Lu mber ............... 958 Acceptance of Timber and Lumber ......................... 964 Description ........................ 958 Fence Post and Brace Requirements ............... 960 Material Characteristics .... 959 Round Guardrail Posts Requirement ................. 961 Sawn Wood Guardrail Posts and Offset Blocks ......... 963 Sign Post Requirements ... 964 Timber Brac ing ...................... 452 Time Allowance ....................... 76 Time Extens ion ....................... 81 Tolerances ............................ 590 Top Coat ............................... 968 Top Layer's Thickness .......... 321 Top Rail ................................. 911 Topsoil .................. 135, 149, 680 Salvaging and Placing ...... 147 Topsoil, Rolling ...................... 147 Torque Wrenc h ..................... 537 Torque-Tension Relationship 899 Tractors ................................. 758 Traffic 68, 83, 348, 368, 393, 412 Accommodation of (Public) . 41 Traffic Control Devices ...... 63, 69 Traffic Control Management and Surveillan ce ...................... 242 Traffic Control Signs .............. 121 Traffic Maintained .................... 62 Traffic Maintained Conditions 322 Traffic Signal Cable ............... 937 Traffic Signal C ontroller ......... 211 Traffic Signal Controllers and Cabinets ........................... 940 Traffic Signal Heads .............. 121 Traffic Signal Poles ............... 951 Traffic Signal Removal .......... 118 Traffic Signal System ............ 185 Traffic Si gnals ....................... 938 Traffic, O pening ....................... 68 Transition Mat ........................ 685 Transporting Plant Materials .. 709 Transverse Construction Joint .......................................... 404 Transverse Jo int .................... 323 Transverse Jo ints .................. 337 Transverse La ps .................... 406 Traveling Mixing Plants ......... 339 Treated Tim ber ...................... 921 Treatment Inspection Certificates .......................................... 964 Trees ....................................... 64 Tremie ................................... 486 Tremied ................................. 487 Trench ........... 195, 199, 454, 753 Trenches ................. 63, 738, 753 Trichlorethy lene ..................... 222 Trim ....................................... 958 Truck Beds ............................ 315 Truck Mixe rs .......................... 781 Truss Rods ............................ 746 Trusses .................................. 539 Tubular Line Posts ................. 746 Tubular Post .................. 261, 266 Tubular Steel Posts ............... 912 Turbidity Ba rrier ..................... 700 Turnbuckles ................... 746, 915 Turndowns ............................. 738 Turn-of-Nut Method ....... 535, 537 Turnout .................................. 748 Twists .................................... 961 Two Girder Laydown ............. 542 Type A - Water-Reducing Admixture .......................... 792 Type A and Type B Coated Dowel Bars ........................ 817 Type A Signs ................. 221, 921 Type B - Retarding Admixture 792 Type B Signs ................. 221, 920 Type C - Accelerating Admixture .......................................... 792 Type D - Water-Reducing and Retarding Admixture ......... 792 Type E - Water-Reducing and Accelerating Admixture ..... 792 Type F - Water-Reducing, High Range Admixture .............. 792 INDEX I - 34 Type G - Water-Reducing, High Range and Retarding Admixture.......................... 792 Type I (Self-Leveling) ............ 810 Type I Object Marker ............. 258 Type II (Non-Sag) .................. 810 Type III Sheeting ................... 920 Type RPM ............................. 918 U U Posts ................................. 923 UI Form 16 .............................. 96 Unacceptable Ma terials ........... 54 Unauthorized Welds .............. 542 Under Wate r .......................... 486 Underdeck Luminaire, Type _____ ................................ 213 Underground Utilities ............... 70 Unemployment Insurance Contributions ....................... 93 Uniform Gradation ................. 869 Uniformity .............................. 868 Unsuitable Material 139, 458, 464 Unsuitable Ma tter .................. 131 Unsuitable Soil ...................... 454 Untillable ............................... 663 Use of La nd ............................. 50 U-Shape Reinforcement Connectors ....................... 609 Utilitie s ............................ 70, 117 Utilities, Facilities ..................... 47 Utilities, No tify ......................... 47 Utility ....................................... 71 Utility Comp any ....................... 70 Utility Proper ty ......................... 70 V Value Engineering Proposals .. 39 Vapor Degrea sing ................. 222 Vehicle Detector Amplifier ..... 946 Vehicle Detector, Type ___ Preformed ......................... 210 Vehicle Detector, Type TD _____ .......................................... 210 Vehicle Detector-Magnetic, Type TD-3 .................................. 949 Vehicle Dete ctors .................. 209 Vehicle Sign als...................... 939 VEP, Acceptab ility ................... 41 VEP, Costs .............................. 40 Vertical Alignment .................. 604 Vertical Ca mber ..................... 544 Vertical Jo ints ........................ 592 Vertical Panels ....................... 257 Vibration Fr equency .............. 488 Vibrator .................................. 425 Vibrators ........................ 394, 487 Vibratory Rollers Amplitude .......................... 323 Frequency ......................... 323 Vinyl Coated Fence Posts ..... 911 Vinyl-Coated Steel Chain-Link Fence ................................ 910 Visors .................................... 939 Volume Determ ination ........... 345 V-Type Heating ...................... 543 W Wages ..................................... 98 Wages and Conditions of Employment ........................ 98 Scope .................................. 98 Waiver of ................................. 72 Wall Excavati on ..................... 613 Wall Mounted/Underdeck/Overhead Luminaires......................... 212 Walls ...................................... 117 Warning Lights ......................... 69 Warning Signs ................... 63, 69 Washers ................ 895, 896, 921 Waste .................................... 149 Water .... 112, 133, 141, 157, 159, 162, 163, 165, 166, 180, 342, 346, 358, 361, 407, 453, 466, 681, 711, 737, 790 Water Distributor Equipment . 153 Water for Conc rete ................ 790 Material Requ irements ...... 790 Water for Dust Control ........... 702 Water Jets ............................. 469 Water Jetti ng ......................... 452 Water Lines ............................. 47 Water Pollution .............. 126, 127 Water Pollution Control .......... 126 Water, Applied On Embankme nt ............... 138 Subgrade Preparation ....... 153 Water, Secu ring ....................... 52 Water/Cement Ratio ...... 503, 781 INDEX I - 35 Watering Ba sin ...................... 712 Waterproof Co vers ................ 507 Waterproofed Covers ............ 509 Waterway .............................. 126 Waterways .................... 111, 458 Wave Equat ion ...................... 466 Wave Speed ......................... 475 W-Beam and Thrie-Beam Guardrail ........................... 915 Acceptance Requirements 915 Description ........................ 915 Material Characteristics .... 915 W-Beam Guar drail ................ 728 Weather Conditions and Temperatures Concrete Pavement .......... 404 Weather, Cold ......................... 82 Weathering Steel ........... 527, 533 Webs ..................................... 541 Wedge ................................... 323 Weeds ................................... 456 Weep Holes .................. 455, 497 Weld Cracki ng ....................... 545 Weld Qualification Tests ....... 525 Weld Repai rs......................... 542 Welded Steel Iron Fabric ....... 405 Welded Steel Wire Fabric Acceptance Requirements 819 Description ........................ 819 Installing in Concrete Pavement ..................... 405 Welded Wire Me sh ........ 588, 607 Welders ................................. 526 Welder's Qualif ications .......... 526 Welding ......... 469, 525, 542, 545 Welding on Reinforcing Steel 522 Welding Reinforcing Steel ..... 498 Welding, Electrodes and Fluxes .......................................... 885 Description ........................ 885 Material Characteristics .... 885 Wells ............................... 52, 519 Wet Burlap .................... 411, 507 Wet-Curing ............................ 493 Wet-Drilled Ho les .................. 740 Wetlands ................................. 57 Wheat .................................... 673 Wheel Tracto rs ...................... 758 White Burlap-Polyethylene Sheet .......................................... 797 White Burlap-Polyethylene Sheets ............................... 410 White Opaque Polyethylene .. 797 White Opaque Polyethylene Film .......................................... 410 White Pigmented Curing Compound......................... 426 White Polyethylene Film ........ 513 Width ..................................... 368 Wind Velociti es ...................... 513 Windrow ................ 341, 342, 344 Wings .................................... 457 Wingwalls .............. 451, 455, 456 Winter Shut Down .................. 342 Wire ....................................... 910 Wire and Cable in Conduit ..... 192 Wire Baske ts ......................... 710 Wood Mulc h .......................... 709 Wood Pole s ........................... 953 Wood Posts ........... 224, 912, 915 Wood Preserva tives .............. 967 Description ........................ 967 Material Characteristics ..... 967 Procedures ........................ 967 Work Character of ........................ 37 Progress .............................. 85 Sublet .................................. 73 Unacceptab le ...................... 52 Unauthorized ................. 52, 73 Work Stops Construction Joint .......................................... 404 Work, Start .............................. 83 Work, Suspens ion ................... 85 Work, Unacceptable ................ 48 Work, Unautho rized ................. 48 Worker's Compensation Insurance Premiums ........... 93 Working Da y ............................ 78 Additional ............................ 82 Exclusions ..................... 76, 82 Working Drawings .. 44, 529, 586, Working Drawings and Shop Drawings ........................... 604 Working, Draw ings .................. 44 Woven Wire ........................... 910 Y Yielding .................................. 505 INDEX I - 36 Z Zinc ............... 891, 903, 905, 923 Zinc Alloy So lders ................. 905 Zinc-Coated and Aluminum- Coated Carbon Steel Wire 909 Acceptance Requirements 909 Description ........................ 909 Material Characteristics ..... 909 Zinc-Coated and Aluminum- Coated Steel Wire Strand . 908 Acceptance Requirements 908 Description ........................ 908 Material Characteristics ..... 908 Zinc-Coated St eel .................. 910 Zinc-Rich Pa int ...................... 905

Source: Nebraska Standard Specifications for Highway Construction, 2017 Edition. Pages 1011–1048 of 1,048.

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1081 ASPHALT DENSITY GAUGE