Part 1 — General
1.1 Section Includes
A.Cast-in-place concrete construction in concrete structures such as bridges, culverts, and miscellaneous structures.
1.2 Related Sections
A.Section 02056: Embankment, Borrow, and Backfill
B.Section 02317: Structural Excavation
C.Section 02701: Pavement Smoothness
D.Section 02842: Delineators
E.Section 03055: Portland Cement Concrete
F.Section 03056: Self -Consolidating Concrete (SCC)
G.Section 03057: Structural Concrete - Lightweight
H.Section 03152: Concrete Joint Control
I.Section 03390: Concrete Curing
J.Section 07105: Waterproofing Membrane
K.Section 07921: Sealing Existing Concrete Slope Protection Joints
1.3 References
A.AASHTO M 111: Zinc (Hot -dip Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and Steel Products
B.AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications Section 3 (Temporary Works)
C.ASTM C 578: Rigid, Cellular Polystyrene Thermal Insulation
D.International Concrete Repair Institute (ICRI)
E.UDOT Quality Management Plans
1.4 DEFINITIONS Not Used
1.5 Submittals
A.Working Drawings for review
1.Drawings for Temporary Works
2.Deck Overhang Bracing when shown or when screed rails are supported on forms. a. Include supporting calculations.
b.Provide the seal of a Professional Engineer or Professional Structural Engineer licensed in the State of Utah on drawings and calculations.
B.Concrete Placing and Finishing Plan for review when placing cast -in-place concrete in bridge decks and approach slabs.
1.Include at least the following:
a.Description of equipment, materials, methods, and personnel for placing, finishing, and curing concrete
b.Quality control plan
c.Placement schedule for each bridge, including placement rates, time of day, duration, placement sequence, and placement direction
d.Screed elevations for deck and approach slabs of each bridge
e.Survey data used to develop screed elevations.
Part 2 — Products
2.1 Concrete
A.Bridge Decks, Approach Slabs, and Concrete Diaphragms cast with bridge decks:
1.Standalone pedestrian, shared use or multi -use overpass or underpass structures.
a.Use Class AA(AE). Refer to Section 03055.
2.Other bridge types.
a.Use Class AA(LSF). Refer to Section 03055. 1) Includes top/bottom slabs and approach slabs of box culverts with traffic directly on the slabs.
3.Use Structural Concrete – Lightweight where shown. Refer to Section 03057.
a.Use the concrete class shown.
4.Use Class AA(ES) only where shown for closure pours with full - depth precast concrete deck panels. Refer to Section 03055.
B.Concrete Slope Protection:
1.Class A(AE). Refer to Section 03055.
C.Other Structural Elements:
1.Use Class AA(AE), unless shown otherwise. Refer to Section 03055.
2.Use Structural Concrete – Lightweight where shown. Refer to Section 03057.
a.Use the concrete class shown.
3.Self-Consolidating Concrete (SCC) may be used at the Contractor’s option. Refer to Section 03056.
a.Use the concrete class shown.
4.Use Class AA(ES) only where shown. Refer to Section 03055.
2.2 Joint Filler and Sealant
A.Preformed Joint Filler – Refer to Section 03152.
B.Silicone Joint Sealer – Refer to Section 03152.
C.Self Leveling Silicone Joint Sealer – Refer to Section 03152.
D.Joint Sealer (Structures) – Refer to Section 03152.
2.3 Backer Rod
A.Refer to Section 03152.
B.Size the diameter of the backer rod to a minimum of ¼ inch larger than the groove in which it is placed.
2.4 Waterstops
A.Refer to Section 03152.
2.5 Rigid Plastic Foam
A.Preformed, extruded, cellular polystyrene thermal insulation material that has a water absorption property of 0.3 or less. Refer to ASTM C 578.
2.6 Forms
A.Plywood, wood, metal, glass, or a combination of these materials.
B.Use mortar -tight concrete forms, true to the dimensions, lines, and grades of the structure and of sufficient rigidity to prevent objectional distortion of the formed concrete surface caused by pressure of the concrete and other loads incidental to the construction operations.
C.Discontinue using a form or forming system that produces a concrete surface with excessive undulations until modifications have been made.
1.Undulations are excessive if they exceed either ⅛ inch over 10 feet or 1/270 of the center -to-center distance between studs, joints, forms, fasteners, or wales.
D.Countersink all bolt and rivet holes when using metal forms for exposed surfaces so that a plane smooth surface of the desired contour is obtained.
E.Use lumber that is free of knotholes, loose knots, cracks, splits, warps, or other defects that affect the strength or appearance of the structure.
1.Rough lumber may be used for forming surfaces if visible rough surfaces do not show on the final structure.
F.Form exposed element surfaces of a concrete structure with the same forming material or with materials that produce a concrete surface that is uniform in texture, color, and appearance.
G.Do not use stay -in-place metal deck forms unless otherwise specified.
2.7 Miscellaneous Steel Items
A.Galvanize all miscellaneous steel items permanently cast into structural concrete elements. Refer to AASHTO M 111.
2.8 Waterproofing Membrane
A.Refer to Section 07105.
2.9 Equipment
A.Finishing Machine for Bridge Deck
1.Use a bridge deck finishing machine with automated systems to spread and finish concrete for the full width of the bridge deck.
2.Provide a truss mounted paving carriage that includes but is not limited to augers, rollers, and pans.
B.Finishing Machine for Approach Slabs
1.Use a finishing machine with motorized systems to spread and finish concrete for the full width or length of the approach slab for slabs 25 feet or shorter.
2.Use Finishing Machine for Bridge Deck for approach slabs longer than 25 feet.
2.10 Barrier Delineation
A.Sheeting. Refer to Section 02842.
B.Hardware. Refer to GW Series Standard Drawings.
Part 3 — Execution
3.1 Preparation
A.Falsework
1.Design and construct falsework according to the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications, Section 3 (Temporary Works).
a.Design falsework so that loads imposed on existing, new, or partially completed portions of structures due to construction operations do not exceed the load carrying capacity of the structure or portion of the structure.
b.Brace and tie girders to resist forces that would cause rotation or torsion in the girders from the placing of concrete for diaphragms or decks, or show girders to be adequate for those effects.
c.Do not weld falsework support brackets or braces to structural steel members or to reinforcing steel.
2.Footing Construction
a.Build falsework on a solid footing that is safe against undermining, protected from softening, and capable of supporting imposed loads.
b.Demonstrate that the soil bearing values do not exceed the supporting capacity of the soil. 1) Conduct load tests or have soils investigation conducted by a professional engineer licensed in the State of Utah.
c.Use piling or drilled shafts to support falsework that cannot be founded on a solid footing.
d.Space, drive, and remove piles according to the authorized falsework drawings.
3.Construction
a.Use materials able to sustain the stresses required by the falsework design.
b.Use suitable jacks or wedges to set the forms to the grade or camber required, and to prevent settling.
c.Produce a finished structure of the specified camber and built to the lines and grades indicated.
B.Forms
1.Clean the inside surfaces of dirt, mortar, and foreign material before concrete placement.
2.Use form oil that permits the ready release of the forms and does not discolor the concrete.
3.Do not place concrete in the forms until:
a.All work connected with form construction has been completed.
b.All embedded materials have been placed.
c.All dirt, chips, sawdust, water, and other foreign materials have been removed.
d.Inspection and approval have been obtained.
4.Do not use stay -in-place deck forms unless otherwise specified.
C.Footings, Box Culverts, and Headwalls
1.Excavation and Backfill – Refer to Section 02317.
2.The Engineer may direct written changes in dimensions or elevations necessary to secure a satisfactory foundation.
3.Do not dewater by pumping during concrete placement or for 24 hours thereafter unless pumping is outside the enclosure.
4.Do not use well points to dewater footing.
D.Bridge Decks
1.Reinforcing Steel
a.Pass the screed over the area with a screed face device to measure the cover before concrete placement.
b.Relocate and tie reinforcing steel that projects above the specified level before placing the concrete.
2.Screeds
a.Firmly support screed rails for bridge deck slabs to prevent movement during concrete placement.
b.Support the machine rails on the bridge beams when using a finishing machine.
c.Do not place the machine rails on the forms without an authorized working drawing for deck overhang bracing.
d.Extend finishing machine rails beyond both ends of the scheduled placement and allow sufficient distance to permit the float to fully clear the concrete.
e.Use adjustable rails set to provide the finished grade elevations shown, installed to prevent springing or deflection under the weight of the finishing equipment, and placed to operate without interruption over the entire surface being finished.
f.Support screed rails to prevent movement during placing of the concrete.
3.Hold a pre- activity meeting before placing cast -in-place concrete in bridge decks and approach slabs.
a.Contractor, Department, and supplier personnel involved with completing the work must attend the pre- activity meeting.
b.Conduct pre- activity meeting no more than seven calendar days before the first scheduled concrete placement.
c.Provide notification of the meeting to the Engineer at least seven calendar days in advance.
d.Discuss at least the following items specific to the concrete work for each bridge deck and approach slab: 1) Material requirements 2) Schedule, quality control procedures, and verification testing. 3) Authorized Concrete Placing and Finishing Plan 4) Placement sequence and limits (including pouring sequence, direction of pour) 5) Construction details (for example, bridge skew angle, superelevation, and transitions) 6) Locations of finishing machine rail supports and construction joints (for example, grade control) 7) Concrete conveyance, placement equipment and methods, and rates (including haul distance, haul time, and placement) 8) Special equipment 9) Finishing methods 10) Curing plan (equipment and application rates) 11) Method of verifying placement and clearances of reinforcing steel 12) Contingency plans include but are not limited to the following issues during construction: a) Finishing machine break down b) Concrete delivery delay c) Concrete not meeting specification requirements d) Weather protection requirements
e.Additional meetings may be required as determined by the Engineer.
E.Miscellaneous Construction
1.Drainage and Weep Holes
a.Construct drainage and weep holes at locations shown or as directed.
b.Place ports or vents for equalizing hydrostatic pressure below low water.
c.Use non- corrosive materials for weep hole forms.
d.Paint exposed surfaces of metal drains as shown.
2.Anchor Bolts
a.Securely and accurately set anchor bolts before concrete placement.
b.Use templates to maintain location and plumbness.
3.Saturated Surface Dry (SSD)
a.Provide SSD condition to hardened concrete before placing fresh concrete.
3.2 Place Concrete
A.Do not place concrete without authorization from the Engineer.
B.Do not deviate from the Concrete Placing and Finishing Plan without written authorization from the Engineer.
C.The Engineer may postpone placement operations if the concrete cannot be protected during adverse weather.
D.Handling concrete:
1.Avoid segregation of the ingredients.
2.Arrange chutes, troughs, or pipes used as aids in placing concrete so the concrete does not separate.
3.Use metal or metal -lined chutes and troughs. Do not use aluminum.
4.Equip chutes with baffle boards or a reversed section at the end of the outlet when placing on steep slopes.
5.Extend open troughs and chutes down inside the forms or through holes left in the forms. Terminate the ends in vertical downspouts.
6.Thoroughly flush all chutes, troughs, and pipes with water before and after each placement.
7.Do not allow the free fall of concrete to exceed 10 ft for thin walls (maximum 10 inch thickness) or 5 ft for other types of construction without the use of a tremie or a flexible metal spout.
8.Use flexible metal spout sections composed of conical sections not more than 3 ft long, with the diameter of the outlet and the taper of the various sections so the concrete fills the outlet and retards concrete flow.
E.Placing concrete:
1.Deposit concrete as close as possible to its final position without allowing it to flow laterally in the form.
2.Spread fresh concrete in horizontal layers with thickness not greater than what can be compacted with vibrators.
3.Do not use vibrators to flow concrete laterally.
4.Limit placement interruptions to 45 minutes.
5.Place and vibrate each layer before the preceding layer has taken initial set.
6.Do not place concrete in flowing water.
F.Consolidating concrete:
1.Use high frequency internal vibrators to consolidate all concrete for structures except concrete placed under water.
2.Use enough vibrators to consolidate the fresh concrete to the desired degree within 15 minutes after it is deposited in the forms.
3.Supply at least two vibrators for structures involving more than 25 yd 3 of concrete.
4.Do not attach vibrators to or against the forms or the reinforcing steel.
5.Do not allow vibrators to penetrate layers of concrete that have taken initial set.
6.Use spades or wedge- shaped tampers to secure a smooth and even texture of the exposed surface.
3.3 Place Concrete Under Water
A.Place and deposit concrete under water as shown.
B.Seal the forms or cofferdams watertight.
C.Do not pump water while placing concrete or disturb the concrete until it has set at least 24 hours or attained at least 50 percent of the specified 28 day minimum compressive strength based on field cured cylinders.
D.Regulate placing to keep surfaces approximately horizontal at all times.
E.Place the concrete by beginning at one end of the form and progressing in a zig -zag movement from side to side across the length of the form.
F.Place the concrete using a tremie or concrete pumping equipment.
G.Placing concrete with a tremie:
1.Use an 8 inch to 12 inch diameter steel tube tremie constructed with watertight connections, a hopper to receive concrete, and a device at the bottom to exclude water from entering the tube.
2.Use support that permits the discharge end to move over the entire top work surface and permits the tremie to be rapidly lowered to stop or retard flow when necessary.
3.Minimize the number of tremie location shifts for continuous placement.
4.Keep the tremie tube full to the bottom of the hopper during placement.
5.Slightly raise the tremie when a batch is dumped into the hopper but do not raise it out of the concrete at the bottom until the batch discharges to the bottom of the hopper.
a.Re-plug the end and refill the tube with concrete if the concrete seal around the tube is lost.
3.4 Pump Concrete
A.Use a prequalified concrete pumping contractor. Refer to UDOT Quality Management Plan 511 – Concrete Pumping.
1.Replace pump that causes excessive or erratic loss of air entrainment.
2.Use a pump that produces a continuous stream of concrete without air pockets.
3.Do not add water to the concrete in the pump hopper.
B.Do not allow pump vibrations to damage freshly placed concrete.
C.Do not use concrete contaminated by priming or cleaning the pump.
3.5 Limitations
A.Light the work site so all operations are plainly visible if mixing, placing, or finishing occurs after daylight hours.
B.Keep traffic off concrete bridges, culverts, approach slabs and closure pours until concrete satisfies curing requirements according to Section 03390 and achieves 100 percent of the specified 28 day minimum compressive strength based on field cured cylinders.
1.High-early strength concrete used in bridge deck and approach slab closure pours may be opened to traffic 3 days after final concrete placement and after concrete achieves 100 percent of the specified 28 day minimum compressive strength based on field cured cylinders.
3.6 Construction Joints
A.Make construction joints where shown.
B.Obtain Engineer’s authorization when additional construction joints are desired and meet the following requirements:
1.Place and construct without impairing strength and appearance.
2.Place in planes perpendicular to the principal lines of stress and at points of minimum shear.
3.Make monolithic structures by extending the reinforcing across the joint.
4.Avoid construction joints through large surfaces that are to be treated architecturally.
5.Make a straight line joint across the face of the concrete placement for the full width of the element.
6.Leave or provide a rough surface of at least ICRI Concrete S urface Profile (CSP) 5 to increase the bond with the concrete placed later.
a.Refer to http://www.udot.utah.gov/go/standardsreferences for a CSP Examples document.
7.Form tapered sections with an insert so that the succeeding layer of concrete ends in a section at least 6 inches thick.
8.Place a bulkhead from the surface to the top mat of steel to establish a straight vertical face.
a.Shape the concrete below the top steel to a near vertical face in line with the bulkhead.
b.Establish a straight vertical face by saw cutting to a minimum depth of 1 inch when a bulkhead cannot be placed. 1) Shape the concrete below the saw cut to a near vertical face in line with the saw cut.
C.Meet the following before resuming concrete placement:
1.Re-tighten forms.
2.Verify or provide a rough surface of at least surface profile CSP 5.
a.Roughen the surface of hardened concrete without leaving loosened particles or damaged concrete.
b.Repair reinforc ing steel epoxy coating that is damaged.
3.Clean off concrete surface of foreign matter and laitance by sandblasting.
4.Provide SSD condition.
3.7 Concrete Surface Finishing Classifications
A.Ordinary Surface Finish – A true and uniform finished surface.
B.Rubbed Finish – A surface smooth in texture and uniform in appearance free of form marks and irregularities.
C.Wire Brush or Scrubbed Finish
1.A finished surface with the cement surface film completely removed and the aggregate particles exposed leaving an even- pebbled texture.
2.An appearance ranging from fine granite to coarse conglomerate depends on the size and grading of the aggregate used.
D.Floated Surface Finish
1.Flat work – Strike off and use a floated surface finish.
2.Bridge decks and approach slabs – use a finishing machine unless otherwise permitted.
3.8 Concrete Surface Finishing
A.Give all formed concrete surfaces at least an ordinary surface finish except as specified otherwise.
B.Use other types of finishes as required in addition to the ordinary surface finish.
C.Provide a rubbed finish for repaired surfaces that cannot meet ordinary surface finish requirements due to irregularities, honeycombing, excessive surface voids, discoloration, and other defects.
3.9 Concrete Surface Finishing Procedures
A.Ordinary Surface Finish 1. Remove all fins and projections after removing forms.
a.Clean, point, and true all honeycomb spots, broken corners or edges, cavities made by form ties, and other holes and defects.
b.Keep all areas to receive mortar saturated with water for at least 30 minutes before mortar placement.
2.Use a mortar made of cement and fine aggregate for pointing, not more than one hour old, mixed in the proportions used in the grade of concrete being finished.
3.Cure the mortar patches and rub to blend with surrounding concrete.
4.Tool and free all joints of mortar and concrete.
a.Leave the full length of the joint filler exposed with clean and true edges.
B.Rubbed Finish
1.Wet the concrete surface as soon after form removal as conditions permit, paint with grout, and rub with a wooden float until the surface is covered with a lather of cement and water.
a.A thin grout of one part cement, one part fine sand may be used in the rubbing.
b.Let this lather set for at least three days then rub lightly with a fine carborundum stone until smooth.
2.Use a mechanically operated carborundum stone to finish the surface of hardened concrete at least four days after placing.
a.Finish in the same manner as ordinary surface finish. 1) Let the lather set for at least 7 days before lightly rubbing with a fine carborundum stone until smooth.
3.Commercial grade rubbing mortar may be used if authorized by Engineer.
C.Wire Brush or Scrubbed Finish
1.Scrub the surface with stiff wire or fiber brushes using a solution of muriatic acid – one part acid, four parts water as soon as forms are removed and while the concrete is relatively green.
2.Wash the entire surface once the scrubbing produces the desired texture.
a.Use water mixed with 5 percent by volume ammonium hydroxide to remove all traces of the acid.
D.Floated surface finish on flat work other than bridge decks and approach slabs:
1.Striking Off
a.Carefully rod and strike off the surface with a strike board following the cross sections and grades shown after compaction.
b.Allow for camber as required.
c.Operate the strike board longitudinally or transversely and move it forward with a combined longitudinal and transverse motion so that neither end is raised from the side forms during the process.
d.Keep a slight excess of concrete in front of the cutting edge at all times.
2.Floating
a.Use longitudinal or transverse floating or both to create a uniform surface.
b.Longitudinal floating is required except in places where it is not feasible.
3.Longitudinal Floating
a.Work the longitudinal float operated from foot bridges with a sawing motion while holding it parallel to the road centerline.
b.Pass gradually from one side of the pavement to the other. 1) Move the float forward ½ of its length and repeat operation.
c.Substitute machine floating if equivalent results are produced.
4.Transverse Floating
a.Operate the transverse float across the concrete surface by starting at the edge and slowly moving to the center and back again to the edge. 1) Move the float forward ½ of its length and repeat the operation.
b.Preserve the crown and cross section of the concrete surface.
5.Straightedging
a.Test the concrete surface for trueness with a straightedge after the longitudinal floating has been completed and the excess water has been removed while the concrete is still plastic.
b.Furnish and use an accurate 10 ft straightedge held parallel to the road centerline in contact with the surface.
c.Check the entire area immediately filling depressions with freshly mixed concrete, then strike off, consolidate, and refinish.
d.Cut down and refinish high areas.
e.Continue the straightedge testing and re- floating until the concrete surface is at the required grade and contour.
E.Floated Surface Finish for Bridge Decks and Approach Slabs
1.Use a finishing machine on exposed surfaces unless otherwise permitted.
2.Finish concrete by striking off and floating the surface.
3.Allow the Engineer enough time to inspect finishing machines during daylight hours before concrete placement.
4.Provide lighting facilities that adequately light the work area when placing and finishing operations are not completed during daylight hours.
5.Place finishing machine parallel to the abutments and bents within 10 degrees.
6.Attach a measuring device to the screed face and pass it over the area.
7.Place concrete in a uniform heading approximately parallel to the finishing machine.
8.Limit the rate of placing to allow enough time to finish the surface before initial set.
9.Continuously place concrete the full length of the structure or superstructure unit unless otherwise shown or authorized.
10.Provide sufficient material, equipment, and manpower to place deck concrete at a rate of at least 25 yd 3/hour.
11.Strike off the surface to the required elevations with the finishing machine immediately after placing and consolidating the concrete.
12.Do not add water to the concrete in front of or behind the screed.
13.Obtain authorization for the strike- off method and equipment.
a.Maintain satisfactory performance.
b.Use equipment capable of finishing concrete within the surface tolerances specified. 1) Provide a deck and approach slab thickness that is within - 1/8 inches and +1/4 inches shown.
c.Maintain satisfactory consolidation and surface tolerance to prevent shutdown and rejection of the equipment.
14.Drive finishing machine beyond the scheduled placement and allow sufficient distance to permit the float to fully clear the concrete.
15.Furnish a 10 ft straightedge to check the surface tolerance, placed both longitudinally and transversely, immediately behind the finishing machine and in hand- finished areas.
16.Correct irregularities greater than ⅛ inch from the straightedge, before additional placement, and immediately fill depressions with concrete and refinish.
17.Cut down and refinish high areas.
18.Continue straightedge testing and corrective measures until the entire surface is free of observable departures from the straightedge.
F.Final texturing for bridge decks and approach slabs – a textured hardened finish:
1.Use a texture process that produces regular ⅛ inch wide transverse grooves spaced randomly from ½ inch to ¾ inch on centers and ⅛ inch deep.
2.Keep the finished surface free from porous spots and surface irregularities.
3.Furnish a work bridge that follows the finishing machine to facilitate texturing and application of the curing compound.
4.Check the surface smoothness for acceptance after the concrete has hardened. Refer to Section 02701.
3.10 Joint Filler and Sealant
A.Provide joint filler or sealant as shown.
3.11 Concrete Curing
A.Refer to Section 03390.
3.12 Form Removal
A.Obtain authorization from the Engineer before removing forms.
B.Remove struts, stays, and braces that hold the forms in correct shape and alignment when no longer necessary.
C.Remove all forms from the concrete surfaces.
1.Do not use a method of form removal likely to cause overstressing of the concrete.
D.Remove supports to permit the concrete to uniformly and gradually take the stresses due to its own weight.
E.Do not remove forms used in ornamental work, railings, parapets, and exposed vertical surfaces for at least twelve hours after placement.
F.Always remove forms before removing shoring from beneath beams and girders to determine the condition of columns.
G.Removing Falsework
1.Do not remove falsework supporting the deck of rigid frame structures until the fill has been placed in back of the vertical legs.
2.Keep falsework and forms in place under slabs, beams, and girders for 14 days after the day of last concrete placement.
a.Slab forms with a clear space of less than 10 ft may be removed after seven days.
3.Keep forms and falsework in place in cold weather according to the authorized Cold Weather Concreting Plan. Refer to Section 03055.
H.Patch formed surfaces within 24 hours after form removal.
1.Cut back and remove all projecting wire or metal devices used for holding the forms in place and that pass through the body of the concrete at least 1 inch beneath the surface of the concrete.
2.Remove lips of mortar and irregularities caused by form joints.
3.Fill small holes, depressions, and voids with cement mortar mixed in the same proportions as that used in the body of the work.
4.Obtain a solid uniform surface by chipping away coarse or broken material to patch larger holes or honeycombs.
a.Cut away feathered edges to form faces perpendicular to the surface.
b.Fill the cavity with stiff mortar composed of one part portland cement to two parts sand thoroughly tamped into place.
c.Pre-shrink the mortar by mixing it approximately 20 minutes. 1) Vary the time according to manufacturer’s recommendations, temperature, humidity, and other local conditions.
d.Float the surface of this mortar with a wooden float before initial set.
e.Keep the patch wet for five days.
f.Rub patches on exposed surfaces to blend them with surrounding concrete after curing.
g.Add coarse aggregate to the patching material when patching large or deep areas.
h.Make a dense, well -bonded, and properly cured patch.
I.Areas with extensive honeycombing will be rejected.
J.Apply the following requirements after fully removing all the closure joint forms if inserts are placed along the bottom edges of the precast concrete deck panels to form the closure pour joints:
1.Cut off cast -in-place anchors at least 1 inch below the face of slab and repair according to this Section, Article 3.12, paragraph H.
2.Fill all voids with dry -pack mortar flush with the bottom of slab.
3.Fill voids created by the removal of re- usable concrete anchors with dry-pack mortar flush with the bottom of slab.
4.Dry-pack mortar will be composed of one part portland cement to two parts sand.
3.13 Superstructure
A.Bridge decks and approach slabs 1. Follow the authorized Concrete Placing and Finishing Plan when placing cast -in-place concrete.
2.Do not place parapet forms or parapet for at least seven days after deck placement and until the deck has attained the specified 28 day minimum compressive strength based on field cured cylinders, unless falsework is left in place and is designed to car ry the additional loads that are part of the parapet placement process.
a.Do not allow the installation of the parapet and parapet forms to interrupt the curing of the deck and approach slabs when installed before curing is complete.
B.Partial -depth precast concrete deck panels
1.Provide SSD condition prior to placement of cast -in-place concrete.
C.Slab Span
1.Place concrete in one continuous operation.
D.Cast-In-Place T -Beams
1.Place concrete in one or two continuous operations – first to the top of the girder stems and second to completion, unless otherwise shown.
2.Obtain a bond between the stem and slab that is positive and mechanical and secured by means of shear keys or roughened surface in the top of the girder stem.
E.Do not place the approach slab until the sleeper slab concrete has been in place at least seven days or has attained 70 percent of the specified 28 day compressive strength based on field cured cylinders.
3.14 Substructure
A.Concrete in Columns and Bent Stems
1.Allow footing concrete to set until it has attained 70 percent of the specified 28 day minimum compressive strength based on field cured cylinders before placing column forms when column is being placed on a footing.
2.Place concrete in one continuous operation.
3.Allow concrete to set at least two days and until it has attained 70 percent of the specified 28 day minimum compressive strength based on field cured cylinders before placing caps.
B.Substructure Concrete 1. Do not place the superstructure load on the bents or abutments until they have been in place at least seven days and attained 70 percent of the specified 28 day minimum compressive strength based on field cured cylinders.
C.Do not backfill abutments, wingwalls, and retaining walls until all concrete has been in place at least 7 days and has attained 100 percent of the specified 28 day minimum compressive strength based on field cured cylinders.
1.Do not interfere with curing.
3.15 Box Culverts
A.Allow base slab and footing to attain 70 percent of the specified 28 day minimum compressive strength based upon field cured cylinders before constructing the remainder of the culvert.
B.Construct side walls and top slab monolithically unless the wall height exceeds 10 ft.
1.Keep the construction joints vertical and at right angles to the axis of the culvert.
C.Construct shear keys in the top of the side walls for anchoring the top slab when side walls and top slab are not placed monolithically.
D.Construct wingwalls monolithically.
E.Apply waterproofing membrane to the top slab and side walls once the concrete satisfies curing requirements according to Section 03390.
1.Apply along the full length of the structure.
F.Do not backfill until the concrete has attained 100 percent of the specified 28 day minimum compressive strength based on field cured cylinders.
3.16 Headwalls
A.Allow apron and pipe collar to attain 70 percent of the specified 28 day minimum compressive strength based on field cured cylinders before the remainder of the headwall is constructed.
B.Construct wingwalls monolithically.
C.Do not backfill headwalls and wingwalls until all concrete has attained 70 percent of the specified 28 day minimum compressive strength based on field cured cylinders.
3.17 Concrete Slope Protection
A.Preparing Subgrade
1.Prepare the area to be paved by smoothing and shaping the berms and slopes and excavating for the cut -off walls.
2.Fill and compact subgrade – Refer to Section 02056.
a.Furnish extra material to properly finish the slopes when required.
b.Compact all soft and yielding material resulting in a firm and substantial subgrade of uniform density.
3.Thoroughly spray the area with water before placing the concrete.
B.Placing Concrete
1.Do not place concrete upon spongy, frozen, or unstable surfaces.
2.Provide concrete of a consistency that it can be placed on the slopes without deformation.
3.Complete all horizontal grooves and vertical joints as shown.
4.Complete the entire slope protection in one placement if possible or terminate the placement with a construction joint located in the horizontal grooves or vertical joints.
5.Finish concrete using a Floated Surface Finish according to this Section, Article 3.9.
C.Seal Joints and Closures – Refer to 07921.
3.18 Retaining Walls
A.Allow footing concrete to set until it has attained 70 percent of its specified 28 day minimum compressive strength based on field cured cylinders before placing wall forms.
B.Do not backfill walls until all concrete has attained 100 percent of the specified 28 day minimum compressive strength based on field cured cylinders.
3.19 Miscellaneous Construction
A.Bearing Areas
1.Finish bridge seat bearing areas high and rub or grind to elevation shown.
a.Level to within an allowable tolerance of ± 1/16 inch and within a tolerance of ± ⅛ inch of the elevation shown.
2.Do not grout under bearing plates.
3.20 Cleanup
A.Remove falsework and falsework piling to 2 ft below the finished ground line, rubbish, and temporary building materials before final inspection.
3.21 Delineation Hardware
A.Attach to parapet as shown.
Source: Utah Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2026 Edition. Pages 969–989 of 1,331.