6-60 Sectio N 618 – Sidewalks and Aprons
618.0 1 DESCRIPTION . This work shall consist of the construction of bituminous or Portland cement concrete sidewalk s, curb ramps , and stamped concrete aprons and islands . 618.0 2 MATERIALS . Materials shall meet the requirements of the following subsection s: Emulsified Asphalt ................................ ................................ ................................ .....702.0 2 Preformed Joint Filler, Cork , and Asphalt -Treated Felt ................................ ............ 707.0 6 Preformed Joint Filler, Bituminous Type ................................ ................................ ..707.1 2(a) Reinforcing Steel ................................ ................................ ................................ .......713.01(a) Welded Wire Reinforcement ................................ ................................ ..................... 713.0 3 Bituminous Concrete Mixtures ................................ ................................ .................. 716.02 Bituminous Mixing Plant and Laboratory ................................ ................................ .716.03 Preparing and Mixing Bituminous Concrete Mixtures ................................ .............. 716.04 Water Repell ent, Silane ................................ ................................ ............................. 726.10 Detectable Warning Surface ................................ ................................ ...................... 751.0 3 Concrete shall conform to the r equirements of Section 541 for Concrete, Class B . There shall be a mineral admixture substitution for Portland cement of 20% fly ash or 25% ground granulated blast -furnace slag . The type of bituminous material s for sidewalk s shall be as specified in the Pl ans or as directed by the Engineer . 618.0 3 PORTLAN D CEMEN T CONCRET E SIDEWALK .
a.Excavation and Foundation . Excavation shall be made to the required depth and to a width that will permit placing of bed course material and the installation and bracing of the forms. Bed course material shall be placed as shown on the Plans. When the depth of bed course required exceeds 6 inches, two layers of approximately equal depth shall be placed, and each layer thoroughly compacted so that it is hard and unyielding. The wetting of bed course material may be necessary to obtain the required compaction.
b.Forms . Forms shall meet the applicable requirements of Subsection 541.0 8. Forms shall be made of wood or metal and shall extend for the full depth of the concrete . All forms shall be straight or curved as required and free from warp .
6-61 (c) Placing Concrete . The forms and foundation shall be wetted immediately prior to the placing of
the concrete. The concrete shall be deposited within the forms to such a depth that, after being consolidated and finished, it is of the full thickness required. The concrete shall be conso lidated using a method approved by the Engineer.
d.Finishing . The surface shall be finished with a wooden float or mag . No plastering will be permitted . The edges shall be rounded with an edger having a radius of 1/4 inch. Before the concrete has taken i ts initial set, it shall be tested for waves or irregularities with a straightedge at least 10 feet long . Deviations of 1/4 inch or more, either above or below the general contour of the surface, shall be immediately remedied. The surface of the sidewalk , after the floating and screeding process is completed, shall be finished with a broom of a type approved by the Engineer, drawn over the surface parallel to the transverse joints.
e.Joints . Unless otherwise shown on the Plans or directed by the Engineer, expansion joints shall be placed every 20 feet. Expansion joints shall be formed around all appurtenances such as manholes, utilit y poles and other obstructions extending into and through the sidewalk . Preformed joint filler with a thickness of 1/4 inch s hall be installed in these joints . Expansion joint filler of the thickness indicated shall be installed between concrete sidewalk s and any fixed structure such as a building or bridge . This expansion joint material shall extend for the full depth of the sidewalk . Between the expansion joints, the sidewalk shall be divided at intervals of 5 feet by dummy joints formed by a jointing tool or other acceptable means to provide grooves approximately 1/8 inch wide and at least 33% of the total sidewalk depth. When the sidewalk is constructed next to a concrete or granite curb, asphalt -treated felt shall be placed between the sidewalk and curb for the total depth of the sidewalk .
f.Curing . Concrete shall be cured in accordance with Subsection 541.1 5. During the curing period, all traffic, both pedestrian and vehicular, shall be excluded . Vehicular traffic shall be excluded for such additional time until 85% of the design strength has been attained as demonstrated by field - cured cylinders.
g.Backfilling . After sidewalk construction has been completed, the space on each side shall be backfilled to the required elevation with suitable material as shown on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer.
6-62 618.0 4 Reinforce D Portlan D Cemen T Concret E Sidewalk .
a.General Requirements . All requirements of Subsection 618.03 shall apply to reinforced Portland cement sidewalk s.
b.Reinforcing . Welded wire reinforcement shall be 6 -inch × 6 -inch 10 -gauge welded wire steel. Dowels shall be No. 5 reinforcing bars, each two feet long. Both welded wire reinforcement and dowels shall be placed at mid -depth of the concrete sidewalk. Dowels shall be placed at all sidewalk construction joints, two feet on center.
c.Submittals . The Contractor shall subm it to the Engineer for approval their proposed method of supporting the welded wire reinforcement to ensure it is placed at the specified location in the concrete. 618.0 5 BITUMINOU S CONCRET E SIDEWALK .
a.Excavation and Foundation . Excavation and foundation shall conform to the requirements of Subsection 618.03(a) .
b.Forms . Where no headers, curbing, or other suitable supports are provided, grade control forms shall be installed when hand methods are utilized to assist in obtaining proper alignment and adequate compaction of the sidewalk course . The alignment and grade of all forms set shall be approved by the Engineer immediately prior to placing any material against them . The forms shall be cleaned thoroughly each time they are used . String or wire lines staked to grade will not be accepted as a substitute for grade control forms . When a suitable abutting curb or header is available and is approved by the Engineer as being in conformity with the intended grade, it may be utilized as a grade control form.
c.Placing Bituminous Sidewalk Material . Bituminous sidewalk material shall be placed on the compacted bed course as directed by the Engineer by either mechanical or hand spreading methods in a manner that the required depth will result after rolling. When placing over an existing surface, the surface shall be cleaned and emu lsified asphalt applied before the bituminous concrete is placed.
d.Compaction . Compaction shall be accomplished by means of a hand operated or power roller of a type and mass acceptable to the Engineer. In areas inaccessible to the roller, hand tamping will be permitted . In any case, the bituminous sidewalk material shall be uniformly compacted and shall present a smooth, even surface.
6-63 618.0 6 Detectabl E Warnin G Surface .
a.General Requirements . Detectable warning surfaces shall be furnished and installed as indicated in the Contract and in conformance with the Americans with Disabilities Act and the Public Rights - of-Way Accessibility Guidelines .
b.Handling . Detectable warning surface material s shall be suitably packaged or crated to prevent damage in shipment or handling . Finished surfaces shall be protected by sturdy wrappings.
c.Installation . The detectable warning surface shall be installed in accordance with all applicable supplier and manufacturer requirements and recommenda tions for environmental conditions, surface preparation, installation procedures, curing procedures, and material s compatibility. The Contractor shall be responsible for removing any material spatters . The Contractor shall repair any damage to the surface resulting from either installation or clean -up of surface material s. This work shall be performed at no additional cost to the Agency . 618.07 STAMPED CONCRETE APRONS AND ISLANDS .
a.General Requirements . The pattern and color of stamped concrete shall be as specified on the Plans. The color shall be fully integrated into the concrete. Alternative stamping patterns or colors may be used if approved by the Engineer. If alternative products are to be used, they shall be of equal quality, detail, function, and performance to that specified.
b.Qualifications . The installer shall be ACI certified as a Concrete Flatwork Finisher.
c.Preparation . The Contractor shall plan the pattern layout to coo rdinate slab dimensions and construction joint locations with stamping pattern dimensions where necessary. The Contractor shall provide a minimum four -foot by four -foot mock -up to the Engineer for approval to demonstrate methods of obtaining consistent vi sual appearance. The mock -up shall be constructed a minimum of 28 calendar days prior to the start of final work, using materials and methods to be used in the final work. The mock -up shall be located on site in a location determined by the Engineer. Sampl es of materials used in the mock -up shall be retained for comparison with materials used in the final work. The accepted mock -up will constitute a visual standard for the final work. The mock -up shall be removed when no longer required as determined by the Engineer for comparison with the final work. The work and materials required for the mock -up shall be incidental to the final installed stamped concrete island or apron.
6-64 (d) Finishing . The stamping operation shall be performed using the stamping tool k it, per the
manufacturer’s recommendations and across the entire pour. The concrete slab shall be allowed to cure thoroughly prior to rinsing residual powder release from the surface. The Contractor shall ensure that the surface is clean and apply silane water repellent to all exposed surfaces in accordance with Section 514 . 618.0 8 METHO D OF MEASUREMENT . The quantity of Portland Cement Concrete Sidewalk, 5 Inch; Portland Cement Concrete Sidewalk, 8 Inch; Reinforced Portland Cement Concrete Sidewalk, 5 Inch; and Reinforced Portland Cement Concrete Sidewalk, 8 Inch to be measured for payment will be the number of square yards of the specified depth of sidewalk installed in the complete and accepted work. The quantity of Bituminous Concrete Sidewalk to be measured for payment will be the number of tons of material installed in the complete and accepted work , as determined from load ticket s. The quantity of Detectable Warning Surface to be measured for payment will be the number of square feet of approved material installed in the complete and accepted work . The quantity of Stamped Concrete Apron, 5 Inch and Stamped Concrete Island, 8 Inch to be measured for payment will be the number of square yards of stamped concrete placed in the complete and accepted work. 618.0 9 BASIS OF PAYMENT . The accepted quantities of Portland Cement Concrete Sidewalk, 5 Inch; Portland Cement Concrete Sidewalk, 8 Inch; Reinforced Portland Cement Concrete Sidewalk, 5 Inch; and Reinforced Portland Cement Concrete Sidewalk , 8 Inch will be paid for at the Contract unit price per square yard for the specified depth . The accepted quantity of Bituminous Concrete Sidewalk will be paid for at the Contract unit price per ton . The accepted quantity of Detectable Warning Surface will be paid for at the Contract unit price per square foot . Payment will be full compensation for furnishing, transporting, handling, and placing the material s specified, including expansion joint materi al, and for furnishing all labor, tools, equipment , and incidentals necessary to complete the work . The cost of cleaning an existing surface before placing a Bituminous Concrete Sidewalk and the application of emulsified asphalt will not be paid for direct ly but will be considered incidental to Bituminous Concrete Sidewalk . The accepted quantity of Stamped Concrete Apron, 5 Inch and Stamped Concrete Island, 8 Inch will be paid for at the Contract unit price per square yard. Payment will be full compensation for furnishing, handling, preparation and placing the materials specified, including concrete, and for furnishing all labor, tools, equipment, and incidentals necessary to complete the work.
6-65 Bed course material will be paid for under the appropriate Section 301 pay item.
Excavation, unless otherwise specified, will be paid for under the appropriate Section 203 pay item. Payment will be made under: Pay Item Pay Unit 618.10 05 Portland Cement Concrete Sidewalk , 5 Inch ................................ ............ Square Yard 618.1 008 Portland Cement Concrete Sidewalk , 8 Inch ................................ ............ Square Yard 618.1 205 Reinforced Portland Cement Concrete Sidewalk, 5 Inch ......................... Square Yard 618.1 208 Reinforced Portland Cement Concrete Sidewalk, 8 Inc h ......................... Square Yard 618.15 00 Bituminous Concrete Sidewalk ................................ ................................ .Ton 618.30 00 Detectable Warning Surface ................................ ................................ .....Square Foot 618.4005 Stamped Concrete Apron, 5 Inch ................................ .............................. Square Yard 618.4108 Stamped Concrete Island, 8 Inch ................................ .............................. Square Yard
6-66 Sectio N 619 – Markers
619.0 1 DESCRIPTION . This work shall consist of furnishing and placing boundary markers, marker posts, and bollards , and removing and resetting of existing property markers. 619.0 2 MATERIALS . Materials shall meet the requirements of the following subsection s: Crushed Gravel for Subbase ................................ ................................ ...................... 704.05 Mortar, Type I ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 707.01 (b) Bar Reinforcement ................................ ................................ ................................ .....713.01 Wood Posts ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 728.01(a) Steel Posts and Anchors ................................ ................................ ............................. 751.01(a) Paints and stains shall meet the requirements of Subsection 708.01 . Concrete shall meet the requirements of Section 541 for Concrete, Class B. 619.0 3 PLACING .
a.General Requirements . Boundary markers, marker posts, and bollards of the dimensions shown in the Contract shall be placed vertically in holes to the depths indicated and shall be backfilled with suitable material placed and compacted in layers not more than 6 inches in depth. Marker posts and bollards may be driven if suitable caps and driving equipment are used to prevent damage to the post. Yielding marker posts shall be 6 -1/2 feet long and shall be embedded to a depth of 3 feet in the ground.
b.Boundary Markers . When the marker point falls on bedrock , a steel rod marker shall be placed in a hole of the diameter and depth shown on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer . The rod shall be securely wedged into the hole and cut off to the required el evation . The space around the rod shall be filled with Type I mortar.
c.Bollards . Bollards shall be installed as shown on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer.
d.Removing and Resetting Property Markers . Prior to the removal of any property marker, the Contractor shall verify that the Engineer has located and properly referenced the marker location. The Contractor shall remove, properly identify, and store the property markers to be reset prior to beginning any other construction in the immed iate vicinity.
Source: Vermont Standard Specifications for Construction, 2024 Edition. Pages 834–839 of 1,380.