2202 - IMAGE SYSTEMS FOR RETROFLECTIVE SHEETING
2200-4 Testing and evaluation by KDOT may be waived if complete testing has been performed on the identical
product by AASHTO National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP) within the last five years. Forward an official copy of the test report along with evidence that the product referenced is identical to that submitted for prequalification, to the Engineer of Tests for evaluation. 2202.5 BASIS OF ACCEPTANCE Prequalification as required by subsection 2202.3 . Receipt and approval of a Type C certification as specified in DIVISION 2600 . Visual observation of performance. 2203 - ROLL-UP SIGNS
2200-5 Section 2203
ROLL-UP SIGNS 2203.1 DESCRIPTION This specification covers white, fluorescent orange, and fluorescent pink retroreflective sheeting used for temporary roll-up warning signs. 2203.2 REQUIREMENTS
a.Provide retroreflective sheeting that complies with ASTM D 4956, Type VI, Class 5.
b.Mounting Stands. The type and configuration of stands for mounting and displaying roll-up signs are not specified here, and are at the Contractor’s option. Ho wever, all stands used must meet the crashworthy criteria for Category 2 devices contained in the testing and acc eptance guidelines of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 350. Retain a copy of the NCHRP Report 350 crashworthy test data and the FHWA acceptance letter to be provided to the Engineer if re quested. In addition, the mounted sign and stand must be able to resist normal wind loading without falling over, and be able to maintain a minimum mounting height of 12 inches above the edge of the pavement. 2203.3 TEST METHODS All tests will be conducted in accordance with ASTM D 49 56 with the exception of artificial weathering. Artificial weathering will be conducted according to AS TM G 155, Cycle 1, with the following additions and exceptions: At the end of each 20-hour cycle, the panels will be placed in a cold cabinet at approximately 0ºF for 1 hour. After removal from the cold cabinet, panels will be returned to the weatherometer to await the start of the next cycle. 2203.4 PREQUALIFICATION Only the retroreflective sheeting used to manufacture the signs will be prequalified. Sheeting manufacturers interested in prequalifying material under th is specification must submit 3 pieces 24 inches square to the Engineer of Tests. Samples will be tested for complia nce with all requirements of this specification. Each manufacturer will be notifie d of the test results. If the prequalification samples of retroreflective sheeting comply with this specification, the product will be placed on a list of prequalified products ma intained by the Bureau of Construction and Materials. No retroreflective sheeting will be used on KDOT projects unless it has been pr equalified. Manufacturers w ill be required to requalify at intervals determined by the Engineer of Tests. product by AASHTO National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP) within the last five years. Forward an official copy of the test report along with evidence that the product referenced is identical to that submitted for prequalification, to the Engineer of Tests for evaluation. 2203.5 BASIS OF ACCEPTANCE Prequalification as required by subsection 2203.4 above. Receipt and approval of a certifica tion prepared by the manufacturer st ating that the sheeting used to manufacture the roll-up signs is essentially the same as that submitted for prequalification. Visual inspection on delivery. 2204 - CENTER MOUNT REFLECTORS
2200-6 Section 2204
CENTER MOUNT REFLECTORS 2204.1 DESCRIPTION This specification covers plastic center mount reflectors. 2204.2 REQUIREMENTS
a.General. Provide reflectors that are plas tic reflector discs with a mounting hole in the center, and a nominal diameter of 3 inches. Provide the reflectors in 3 colors; white, amber and red. Provide amber and red reflectors that comply with the limits set by the High way Yellow and Red Color Tolerance Charts of the U. S. Department of Transportation.
b.Construction and Materials.
1.Plastic Reflector Unit. Provide reflectors that consis t of 2 circular pieces of plastic, hermetically sealed together at the edges and at the cente r mounting hole. Provide units with an air space between the two sealed pieces and permanently sealed agai nst dust, water and vapor.
a.Front (Lens). Provide reflectors whose front piece of plas tic consists of a clear and transparent acrylic plastic of the color shown in the Contract Documents. Provide reflectors whose outer surface of the front piece is smooth and highly polis hed, free from cracks, checks, projections or indentations. This surface may contain a mountin g hole and trademark identification. Legibly mold the manufacturer’s name and identification into the face near the edge. Form the inner surface into numerous small reflector elements to affect “cubecorner” retroreflection.
b.Back. Provide a plastic back that is either transparent or opaque, but sealed to the front to form an airtight seal in order to protect the reflector elements.
2.Housing and Mounting. Provide reflectors with a cen ter mounting hole with a grommet that uses either of two designs. A Type I grommet is formed as part of the backing and projects through the reflector and beyond the lens by about 1/32 in. The backing, including the grommet, is hermetically sealed to the lens. A Type II grommet is formed from nonferrous metal and applied after the reflector is assembled and sealed. Provide either type of grommet with an inside diameter of 0.19 – 0.24 inches, inclusive.
c.Performance. Provide reflectors with the following minimu m Reflective Intensity per reflector at a divergence angle of 0.2º: TABLE 2204-1: MINIMUM REFLECTIVE INTENSITY Angle of Incidence Reflective Intensity (cd/ft-c) White Amber Red -4º 90 54 25 20º 45 27 12 2204.3 TEST METHODS Center mount reflectors will be sampled by a represen tative of KDOT and submitted to the Engineer of Tests. A sample consists of 18 reflectors per each 5 000 reflectors for each color. For each additional 5000, or fraction thereof, add 4 reflectors to the sample size. Lightly wash the reflectors with a mild detergent and dry with a clean cloth before testing as follows:
a.Coefficient of Luminous Intensity per Reflector. Determine the reflective intensity of center mount reflectors according to ASTM E 809. Measure each reflector individually at a divergence angle of 0.2º and incidence angles of -4º and 20º. Averag e readings taken at every 45º rotation.
b.Heat Test. After measuring the reflective intensity per re flector, place a minimum of 9 reflectors face up in a horizontal position on the central rack of a forced draft oven maintained between 148º and 150°F for 4 hours. 2204 - CENTER MOUNT REFLECTORS
2200-7 Remove the reflectors from the oven and place them face up on a table to cool. Allow th e reflectors to return to
room temperature, wipe the reflectors with a clean chamoi s and measure the reflective intensity of each reflector as described in subsection 2204.3a . The reflective intensity of each reflector must not be less than the minimum values shown in subsection 2204.2c .
c.Leakage Test. After measuring the reflective intensity per re flector, immerse a minimum of 9 reflectors face down in water in a vacuum desiccator under a coarse br onze or stainless steel screen to keep them beneath the water. Cover the desiccator and slowly reduce the air pre ssure in the desiccator until a vacuum of 20 inches of mercury is obtained. Hold this reduced pressure for 5 minutes and then allow air to slowly ente r the desiccator until the pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure. Allow the reflectors to remain under water for an additional 5 minutes. Remove the reflectors from the water and wipe off the excess water with a clean cloth. Measure the reflective intensity of each reflector as described in subsection 2204.3a . Any reflectors that have filled with any water will be marked as failures and the reflective intensit y will not be measured. The reflective intensity of each reflector must not be less than the minimum values shown in subsection 2204.2c .
d.Resampling. When only 1 reflector per sample fails subsection 2204.3a. , b. or c., the entire sample will be accepted for use on KDOT projects. A failure of 2 reflect ors per sample will require resampling and testing. A failure of 3 or more will cause the entire sample to be rejected without resampling. 2204.4 PREQUALIFICATION None required. 2204.5 BASIS OF ACCEPTANCE Each lot or batch will be sampled by a representa tive of KDOT and tested as necessary to verify compliance with the specification. Satisfactory performance in the field. 2205 - FLEXIBLE DELINEATOR POSTS AND ANCHORING DEVICES
2200-8 Section 2205
FLEXIBLE DELINEATOR POST S AND ANCHORING DEVICES 2205.1 DESCRIPTION This specification covers flexible delineator posts and anchoring devices. 2205.2 REQUIREMENTS
a.General.
1.Provide delineator posts consisting of a flexible, durable, UV resistant and non-discoloring material that meet all the requirements of the MUTCD. Provide posts to which retroreflective sheeting can be applied, and are capable of recovering from 5 cold weather impacts between 27 and 37 F and 5 hot weather impacts between 80 and 90F. Upon installation, the delineator must be resistant to overturning, twisting, or displacement from wind and vehicle forces. For 2-piece systems, the post must be compat ible with an anchor that holds the post in place by a locking mechanism, or with a bolting arrangement.
2.When shown in the Contract Documents, apply High Intensity retroreflective sheeting that complies with SECTION 2201 . Apply white or yellow retroreflective sheeting to 1 or 2 sides as stated in the Contract Documents. The total length and color of the post are shown in the Contract Documents.
3.Delineators are required to meet the crashworthy criteria for category I devices contained in the testing and acceptance guidelines of the National Cooperativ e Highway Research Progr am (NCHRP) Report 350. 2205.3 TEST METHODS
a.Tensile Strength and Elongation. Test flexible delineator posts an d anchoring devices is accordance with the procedures referenced in ASTM D 638 and ASTM G 154.
b.Impact Resistance Test. Test flexible delineators for impact re sistance as prescribed by the AASHTO National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP ) test procedures for flexible delineator posts and plastic barrels. The manufacturer must submit Impact Resistance data for tests that have been performed on the identical product by the AASHTO NTPEP test location that includes both hot and cold weather conditions. Forward an official copy of the test report along with evidence that the product referenced is identical to that submitted for prequalification, to the Engineer of Tests for evaluation.
c.Crashworthy Test. Test delineators as prescribed by the NCHRP Report 350 for category 1 devices. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) guidance indicates that category 1 devices may be accepted based on a self-certification by the manufacturer. This certification may be a one-page affidavit signed by the manufacturer, with documentation supporting the certification (crash tests and/or engineering analysis) kept on file by the certifying organization. Forward an offi cial copy of the certification with evid ence that the product referenced is identical to that submitted for prequalification, to the Engineer of Tests for evaluation. 2205.4 PREQUALIFICATION The flexible delineator post, complete with appropriat e anchor, will be prequalified as a system or unit by KDOT. Manufacturers interested in prequalifying items under this specification must submit 2 complete units (posts with appropriate anchors), the Impact Resistance test data, and the Crashworth y Certification to the Engineer of Tests. The sample will be tested for compliance with all requirements of this specification and the producer will be notified in writing of the test results. A list of qualified ma terials will be maintained by the Bureau of Construction and Materials. 2205.5 BASIS OF ACCEPTANCE Prequalification as required by subsection 2205.4 . Receipt and approval of a Type C certification in accordance with DIVISION 2600 . 2206 - RAISED PAVEMENT MARKERS
2200-9 Section 2206
RAISED PAVEMENT MARKERS 2206.1 DESCRIPTION This specification covers Flexible Raised Pavement Markers and Rigid Raised Pavement Markers (Type I or Type II) for lane marking and delineation on both portland cement concre te and asphalt surfaces. 2206.2 REQUIREMENTS
a.General. Provide temporary raised pavement markers (RPMs) as shown in the Contract Documents. The markers shall be readily visible at night, from a minimum of 300 feet, when viewed with high beam automobile headlamps. Prior to use, markers must be approved by the Engineer. Provide flexible RPMs which consist of a flexible bo dy with retroreflective sheeting on both sides facing traffic. The markers shall be between 4 and 6 inches wide, be at least 2 inches tall and have a flat base for mounting to the road. The width of the marker will face traffic in each direction. Each marker shall use adhesive to secure the marker to the road surface and, when h it, will not cause damage to an automob ile. Attach a cover to the marker to protect the retroreflective material during surfacing operations. Remove the cover after the operations to expose the retroreflective surface. Provide rigid (Type I) RMPs that are traversable by motor vehicles and constructed of traffic bearing high impact plastic with 1 or 2 retroreflective faces, as shown in the Contract Documents. The markers shall be 2.5 to 4 inches wide and at least 0.4 inches hi gh. The width of the marker will face tra ffic in each direction. Each marker shall use an adhesive to secure marker to the road surf ace and, when hit, the marker will not cause damage to an automobile. The adhesive used shall not stain the pavement and will allow the markers to be easily removed without damage to the roadway surface. Provide rigid (Type II) RPMs constructed of traffic bear ing high impact plastic with retroreflective surfaces on the 2 sides facing traffic. The marker shall be at least 2.5 inches high, 12 inches wide and 6 inches long. Each marker shall use adhesive to secure ma rker to the road surface and the adhesive used will not stain the pavement and will allow the markers to be easily remove d without damage to the roadway surface.
b.Visibility. Markers shall be visible a minimum of 30 0 feet in daytime and nighttime conditions. Retroreflectivity measured under field conditions may be used to determine visibility.
c.Retroreflectivity . Provide the markers in solid white and yellow which comply with the minimum requirements shown in TABLE 2206-1 : TABLE 2206-1: RETROREFLEC TIVITY REQUIREMENTS Color Millicandelas/sq m/lux (min.) (measured at 0.2°observation angle and 0°entrance angle) White 3.0 Yellow 1.8
d.Color. The marker shall be the same color as the retroreflective elements, which shall match the color of pavement marking they are intended to replace or supple ment, or as shown in the Contract Documents. Marking color should be consistent throughout the body of the device. 2206.3 TEST METHODS Test for retroreflectivity in accordance with ASTM E 809. 2206.4 PREQUALIFICATION None required. 2206.5 BASIS OF ACCEPTANCE Receipt and approval of a Type D certification as specified in DIVISION 2600 . Visual inspection for condition and dimensional requirements. 2207 - COLD PLASTIC PAVEMENT MARKING MATERIAL
2200-10 Section 2207
COLD PLASTIC PAVEMENT MARKING MATERIAL 2207.1 DESCRIPTION This specification covers cold plastic pavement marking materials for use on both concrete and asphalt surfaces. 2207.2 REQUIREMENTS Provide cold plastic pavement marking material that complies with ASTM D 4505 Reflectivity Level II. 2207.3 TEST METHODS ASTM D 4505 2207.4 PREQUALIFICATION Submit a sample of at least 100 linear feet of each color of material to the Engineer of Tests. If the material complies with all laboratory requirements, the manufacturer will be contacted to arrange for the field evaluation. The field evaluation will consist of 2 or 3 test projects at times and locations as determined by the Bureau of Transportation Safety and Technology. Manufacturers must specify if the material may be used on both asphalt and concrete surfaces or onl y on asphalt or concrete surfaces. Duration of the test project will be dependent on the submittal of test data from the AASHTO National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP). Forward an official copy of the te st data along with evidence that the material referenced is identical to that submitted for prequalification to the Engineer of Tests for evaluation. Materials with no test data will have a test project duration of 18 months; materials with test data will have a test project duration of 12 months. Materials will be evaluate d initially and every 3 to 6 months throughout the duration of the test project for retroreflectivity, color and durability. The material will be evaluated for compliance with this specification, and the manufacturer will be notified of the results. The Bureau of Construction and Materials will maintain a list of qualified materials and installation instructions. Products will rema in on the prequalified list as long as field pe rformance is satisfactory and the results of verification testing are consistently acceptable. Report any ch anges in formulation to the Engineer of Tests for review and evaluation to determine if requalification is necessary. 2207.5 BASIS OF ACCEPTANCE
a.Long Line Markings.
1.Prequalification as stated in subsection 2207.4 .
2.Satisfactory results of Verification Testing. Except for symbols, the Engineer will sample each lot or batch. Collect samples of each lot in accordance with KT-81.
b.Preformed Symbols.
1.Prequalification as stated in subsection 2207.4 .
2.Receipt and approval of a Type C certification as specified in DIVISION 2600. Include all lot numbers from the material used to fabricate the symbols. 2208 - PATTERNED COLD PLASTIC PAVEMENT MARKING MATERIAL
2200-11 Section 2208
PATTERNED COLD PLASTIC PAVE MENT MARKING MATERIAL 2208.1 DESCRIPTION This specification covers patterned cold plastic pavement marking material for use on both concrete and asphalt surfaces. 2208.2 REQUIREMENTS Provide patterned cold plastic pavement marking material that complies with ASTM D 4505 Reflectivity Level I with the following additions:
a.Dimensions. Provide material with a thickness of not less than 0.02 in. at the thinnest portion of the cross section. Provide material whose thickest portion of the cross section is 0.07 – 0. 09 in. All measurements are exclusive of the adhesive. 2208.3 TEST METHODS ASTM D 4505 2208. 4 PREQUALIFICATION Submit at least 100 linear feet of each color of materi al to be prequalified to the Engineer of Tests. If the material complies with all laboratory requirements, the manufacturer will be contacted to arrange for the field evaluation. The field evaluation will consist of 2 or 3 test projects at times and locations as determined by the Bureau of Transportation Safety and Technology. Manufacturers must specify if the material may be used on both asphalt and concrete surfaces or onl y on asphalt or concrete surfaces. Duration of the test project will be dependent on the submittal of test data from the AASHTO National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP). Forward an official copy of the te st data along with evidence that the material referenced is identical to that submitted for prequalification to the Engineer of Tests for evaluation. Materials with no test data will have a test project duration of 18 months; materials with test data will have a test project duration of 12 months. Materials will be evaluate d initially and every 3 to 6 months throughout the duration of the test project for retroreflectivity, color and durability. The material will be evaluated for compliance with this specification, and the manufacturer will be notified of the results. The Bureau of Construction and Materials will maintain a list of qualified materials and installation instructions. Products will rema in on the prequalified list as long as field pe rformance is satisfactory and the results of verification testing are consistently acceptable. Report any ch anges in formulation to the Engineer of Tests for review and evaluation to determine if requalification is necessary. 2208.5 BASIS OF ACCEPTANCE
a.Long Line Markings.
1.Prequalification as stated in subsection 2208.4 .
2.Satisfactory results of Verification Testing. Except for symbols, the Engineer will sample each lot or batch. Collect samples of each lot in accordance with KT-81.
b.Preformed Symbols.
1.Prequalification as stated in subsection 2208.4 .
2.Receipt and approval of a Type C certification as specified in DIVISION 2600. Include all lot numbers from the material used to fabricate the symbols. 2209 - HIGH DURABILITY P AVEMENT MARKING MATERIAL
2200-12 Section 2209
HIGH DURABILITY PAVEMENT MARKING MATERIAL 2209.1 DESCRIPTION This specification covers white or yellow high durabili ty pavement markings designed to be used in severe wear conditions such as repeated shear actions from crossover or encroachment traffic and turning, stopping or starting traffic. This includes material for use on bot h portland cement concrete and asphalt surfaces. 2209.2 REQUIREMENTS Provide high durability pavement marking material that complies with ASTM D 4505 Reflectivity Level II with the following exceptions and additions:
a.The material must have a strong topcoat with glass beads distributed to provide immediate and continuing retroreflection. Bond ceramic particles to the top layer to provide a skid resistant surface.
b.Delete all references to application temperatures.
c.Tensile Strength . The material must have a minimum tensile strength of 500 psi when measured in the direction of the roll.
d.Adhesion . 8 lbf, minimum.
e.Dimensions. With the exception of patterned, provide material with a 0.05 inch minimum thickness. Provide patterned material with a thickness of not less than 0.02 inch at the thinnest portion of the cross section and 0.07 – 0.09 inch at the thickest portion of the cross section. All measurements are exclusive of the adhesive. 2209.3 TEST METHODS ASTM D 638 with the following exception: Test a 1 by 6 inch sample at a temperature between 70 and 80ºF using a jaw speed of 10 - 12 inches per minute. ASTM D 4505. 2209.4 PREQUALIFICATION Submit at least 100 linear feet of each color, and a complete set of installation recommendations and instructions to Engineer of Tests. If the material complies with all laboratory requirements, the manufacturer will be contacted to arrange for the field evaluation. The field evaluation will consist of 2 or 3 test projects at times and locations as determined by the Bureau of Transportation Safety and Technology. Manufacturers must specify if the material may be used on both asphalt and concrete surfaces or onl y on asphalt or concrete surfaces. Duration of the test project will be dependent on the submittal of test data from the AASHTO National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP). Forward an official copy of the te st data along with evidence that the material referenced is identical to that submitted for prequalification to the Engineer of Tests for evaluation. Materials with no test data will have a test project duration of 18 months; materials with test data will have a test project duration of 12 months. Materials will be evaluate d initially and every 3 to 6 months throughout the duration of the test project for retroreflectivity, color and durability. The material will be evaluated for compliance with this specification, and the manufacturer will be notified of the results. The Bureau of Construction and Materials will maintain a list of qualified materials and installation instructions. Products will rema in on the prequalified list as long as field pe rformance is satisfactory and the results of verification testing are consistently acceptable. Report any ch anges in formulation to the Engineer of Tests for review and evaluation to determine if requalification is necessary. 2209 - HIGH DURABILITY P AVEMENT MARKING MATERIAL
2200-13 2209.5 Basis of Acceptance
a.Long Line Markings.
1.Prequalification as required by subsection 2209.4 above.
2.Satisfactory results of Verification Testing. Exce pt for symbols, the Engin eer will sample each lot or batch. Collect samples of each lot in accordance with KT-81.
b.Preformed Symbols.
1.Prequalification as required by subsection 2209.4 above.
2.Receipt and approval of a Ty pe C certification as specified in DIVISION 2600 , which also includes all lot numbers of material used to fabricate the symbols. 2210 - TEMPORARY PAVEMENT MARKING TAPE
2200-14 Section 2210
TEMPORARY PAVEMENT MARKING TAPE 2210.1 DESCRIPTION This specification covers preformed plastic pavement markings designed for limited service life. This includes both Removable (Type I) and Non-removable (Typ e II) materials for use on bot h portland cement concrete and asphalt surfaces. Type I tape can be removed without damage to or discoloration of the pavement surf ace. Type II is not required to have the removal characteristics of Type I, though removal that leaves damage to or discoloration of the pavement surface may be required, as shown in the Contract Documents. This specification also covers Removable Line Mask ing Tape. This is a highly durable, skid resistant, non-reflective, black or dark gray, pliant polymer tape designed for temporary obliteration of existing pavement markings. The tape must be able to be removed without residue or damage to the existing marking. 2210.2 REQUIREMENTS Provide pavement markings that comply with ASTM D 4592 with the following exceptions and additions: Delete all references to application temperatures. Apply all markings according to the manufacturer's recommendations for proper surf ace conditions and preparation, ai r and surface temperatures, and other weather conditions. Store all material in accordance with the manufacturer's directions, including temperature and exposure to the elements. If recommended by the manufacturer, use a prim er to precondition the pavement surface. Visibility. Pavement Marking Tape shall be visible a minimum of 300 feet in daytime and nighttime conditions. Retroreflectivity measured under field conditions may be used to determine visibility. Retroreflectivity. Retroref lectivity requirements are not applicable for Removable Line Masking Tape. Provide tape in white or yellow which complies with the minimum requirements shown in TABLE
2210-1 :
TABLE 2210-1: RETROREFLECTIVITY Color Millicandelas/sq m/lux (min.) White 250 Yellow 175 2210.3 TEST METHODS ASTM D 4592 2210.4 PREQUALIFICATION None Required. 2210.5 BASIS OF ACCEPTANCE Receipt and approval of a Type D certification as specified in DIVISION 2600 . Visual observation of performance on the project. 2211 - THERMOPLASTIC PAVEMENT MARKING MATERIAL
2200-15 Section 2211
THERMOPLASTIC PAVEMENT MARKING MATERIAL 2211.1 DESCRIPTION This specification covers thermoplas tic materials suitable for use as re troreflective pavement markings on asphalt and portland cement concrete pavements. Material will be prequalified for use on both asphalt and portland cement concrete surfaces or for use only on asphalt surfaces. The material is applied to the pavement in molten form. Glass beads are pre-mixed into the ma terial furnished, and also dropped on the surface of the molten material immediately after it is applied to the pavement surface, at a rate specified. Upon cooling to normal pavement temperature, it produces an adherent retroreflectorized stripe of specified thickness and width, capable of resisting deformation by traffic. 2211.2 REQUIREMENTS
a.General.
1.Provide the material in wh ite and/or yellow as specified.
2.A binder-sealer is required for ap plications involving aspha lt over 2 years old, or for asphalt surfaces that are worn or oxidized to a condition where 50% or mo re of the wearing surface is exposed aggregate.
3.Do not commingle materials from different manufacturers.
b.Thermoplastic Material and Premix Beads. Provide thermoplastic mate rial that complies with AASHTO M 249 with the following restrictions: (1) Only maleic modified glycerol ester alkyd ba sed resins will be allowed for the binder system.
2.Yellow pigments must comply with the latest OSHA standards for toxic heavy metals.
c.Glass Beads for Drop-on Application. Provide glass beads according to the thermoplastic manufacturer’s recommendations.
d.Binder-Sealer. When a binder-sealer is specified, provide one that is recommended by the manufacturer of the thermoplastic material, and appl y it according to the manufacturer's in structions. The binder-sealer must be compatible with the pavement material, and form a tight bond between the pavement and the thermoplastic material.
e.Color. Provide thermoplastic that complies with the requirements of ASTM D 6628. The yellow lines must also display a nighttime presence of yellow wh en viewed under automobile headlights.
f.Retroreflectivity. Provide thermoplastic that complies with th e minimum retroreflectivity requirements in TABLE 2211-2 using an acceptable 30-meter retroreflectometer: TABLE 2211-2: THERMOPLASTIC RETROREFLECTIVITY REQUIREMENTS Color millicandelas/sq m/lux (min.) White 300 Yellow 225 2211.3 TEST METHODS
a.Thermoplastic Material.
1.AASHTO T 250, plus,
2.Verify the material is alkyd using KTMR-6, Determination of Alkyd Base in Thermoplastic Material. (3) Glass Bead Content. ASTM D 4797.
4.Titanium Dioxide. ASTM D 1394, Aluminum Reduction Method.
5.Specific Gravity. AASHTO T 228. 2211 - THERMOPLASTIC PAVEMENT MARKING MATERIAL
2200-16 2211.4 Prequalification
a.Manufacturers interested in prequalifying material under this specification must provide a 10-lb sample of each color to the Engineer of Tests. Also include a copy of the quality control test repo rt for each lot of material, material safety data sheets, and a complete set of installation recommendations and instructions.
b.If the material complies with all laboratory requirement s, the manufacturer will be contacted to arrange for the field evaluation. The field evaluation will consist of 2 or 3 test projects at times and locations as determined by the Bureau of Transportation Safety and Technology. Manufacturers must specify if the material may be used on both asphalt and concrete surfaces or onl y on asphalt or concrete surfaces. Duration of the test project will be dependent on the submittal of test data from the AASHTO National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP). Forward an official copy of the te st data along with evidence that the material referenced is identical to that submitted for prequalification to the Engineer of Tests for evaluation. Materials with no test data will have a test project duration of 18 months; materials with test data will have a test project duration of 12 months. Materials will be evaluate d initially and every 3 to 6 months throughout the duration of the test project for retroreflectivity, color and durability.
c.The material will be evaluated for compliance wi th all requirements of this specification, and the manufacturer will be notified of the results. The Bureau of Construction and Materials will maintain a list of qualified materials and installation instructions. The list will differe ntiate between products prequalified for use on asphalt and concrete surfaces, or for use on asphalt su rfaces only. Products will remain on the pr equalified list as long as the results of verification testing and field performance are satisfactory . Any changes in formulation should be reported to the Engineer of Tests for review and evaluation to determine if requalification is necessary. 2211.5 BASIS OF ACCEPTANCE
a.Thermoplastic Material.
1.Prequalification as required by subsection 2211.4 .
2.Receipt and approval of a Type C certification as specified in DIVISION 2600 for each lot of material used.
b.Glass Beads for Drop-on Application.
1.Receipt and approval of a Type D certification as specified in DIVISION 2600 .
2.Copies of testing results for each lot of beads used on the project.
c.Binder-Sealer. If binder-sealer is required, it will be accepted on the basis of brand name as recommended by the thermoplastic material manufacturer, and visual observation of performance in the field. 2212 - PREFORMED THERMOPLASTI C PAVEMENT MARKING MATERIAL
2200-17 Section 2212
PREFORMED THERMOPLASTIC PAVEMENT MARKING MATERIAL 2212.1 DESCRIPTION This specification covers preformed thermoplastic mate rials suitable for use as reflecting pavement markings on either asphalt or concrete pavements. A manufacturer recommended heat sour ce fuses the markings to the asphalt or concrete pavements. Glass beads are pre-mixed into the ma terial furnished, and also must be applied to the surface either before or after fusion to the pavement. Upon cooling, the material produces an adherent reflectorized marking of specified thickness and width, capable of resisting deformation by traffic. 2212.2 REQUIREMENTS
a.General.
1.Provide the material in wh ite and/or yellow as specified.
2.Provide material with a minimum thickness of 0.1 inch as supplied by the manufacturer.
3.Provide material that is resistant to deterioration due to exposure to sunlight, water, oil, gasoline, salt, or adverse weather conditions.
4.After application, the material must exhibit no appreci able deformation or discoloration, remain tack free, and not lift from the pavement under normal traffic conditions within a road temperature range of 20 to 150ºF. (5) Provide material that is capable of conforming to pavement contours, breaks, and faults through the action of traffic at normal pavement temperatures.
b.Color. Provide thermoplastic that meets the requirements of ASTM D 6628.
c.Retroreflectivity. Provide preformed thermoplastic that meets the minimum retroreflectivity requirements in TABLE 2212-1 , using an acceptable 30-meter retroreflectometer. TABLE 2212-1: PREFORMED THERMOPLASTIC RETROREFLECTIVITY REQUIREMENTS COLOR millicandelas/sq m/lux (min.) White 300 Yellow 225
d.Thermoplastic Material and Premix Beads.
1.Provide thermoplastic material that complies with AASHTO M 249 with exception of the relevant differences due to the material being supplied in a preformed state.
2.All pigments must be heavy metal free, including, but not restricted to lead, cadmium, and mercury.
e.Glass Beads for Drop-on Application. Provide glass beads according to the thermoplastic manufacturer’s recommendations. 2212.3 TEST METHODS
a.Thermoplastic Material and Premix Beads. AASHTO T 250 2212.4 PREQUALIFICATION
a.Manufacturers interested in prequalifying material under this specification must provide at least 100 linear feet of each color to the Engi neer of Tests. Also, include a copy of the quality control test report for each lot of material, material safety data sheets, and a complete set of installation recommendations and instructions. 2212 - PREFORMED THERMOPLASTI C PAVEMENT MARKING MATERIAL
2200-18 b. If the material complies with all laboratory requirement s, the manufacturer will be contacted to arrange for
the field evaluation. The field evaluation will consist of 2 or 3 test projects at times and locations as determined by the Bureau of Transportation Safety and Technology. Manufacturers must specify if the material may be used on both asphalt and concrete surfaces or onl y on asphalt or concrete surfaces. Duration of the test project will be dependent on the submittal of test data from the AASHTO National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP). Forward an official copy of the te st data along with evidence that the material referenced is identical to that submitted for prequalification to the Engineer of Tests for evaluation. Materials with no test data will have a test project duration of 18 months; materials with test data will have a test project duration of 12 months. Materials will be evaluate d initially and every 3 to 6 months throughout the duration of the test project for retroreflectivity, color and durability.
c.The material will be evaluated for compliance wi th all requirements of this specification, and the manufacturer will be notified of the results. The Bureau of Construction and Materials will maintain a list of qualified materials and installation instructions. Products will remain on the prequalified list as long as field performance is satisfactory and the results of verification testing are consis tently acceptable. Report any changes in formulation to the Engineer of Tests for review and evaluation to determine if requalification is necessary. 2212.5 BASIS OF ACCEPTANCE
a.Thermoplastic Material.
1.Prequalification as required by subsection 2212.4 .
2.Receipt and approval of a Type C certification as specified in DIVISION 2600 for each lot of material used.
b.Glass Beads for Drop-on Application.
1.Receipt and approval of a Type D certification as specified in DIVISION 2600.
2.Copies of testing results for each lot of beads used on the project. 2213 - SPRAYED THERMOPLASTIC PAVEMENT MARKING MATERIAL
2200-19 Section 2213
SPRAYED THERMOPLASTIC PAVEMENT MARKING MATERIAL 2213.1 DESCRIPTION This specification covers thermopl astic materials suitable for use as retroreflecting pavement markings on asphalt pavement. The material is applied to the pavement in molten form by spray means. Glass beads are pre-mixed into the material furnished, and also dr opped on the surface of the molten material immediately after it is applied to the pavement surface, at a rate specified. Upon cooling to normal pavement temp erature, the material produces an adherent retroreflective marking of specified thickness a nd width, capable of resisting deformation by traffic. 2213.2 REQUIREMENTS
a.General.
1.Provide the material in whit e and/or yellow as specified.
2.Provide 100% solids thermoplastic material that is homogeneously composed of pigment, filler, resins and glass beads. The material must have a minimum binder c ontent of 25% by mass composition and be free of foreign objects that would cause bleeding, staining, or discoloration. Upon heating to application temperature, the material will not exude fumes that are toxic, or injurious to persons or property.
b.Pigment.
1.Use high-grade titanium dioxide as the pigment for the white material. The material must contain a minimum of 10% titanium dioxide by mass. (2) Use heat resistant and colorfast yellows, golds, or oranges to produce a material to comply with color requirements.
3.Yellow pigments must comply with the latest OSHA standards for toxic heavy metals. (4) Use a filler consisting of white calcium carbonate, silica, or an approved substitute.
c.Glass Beads. Provide glass beads according to the ther moplastic manufacturer’s recommendations.
d.Thermoplastic Material. Provide thermoplastic material that complies with the following:
1.Specific Gravity--2.0 maximum
2.Daylight Reflectance (Y)
a.White—75% minimum
b.Yellow—45% minimum
3.Color—meets the requirements of ASTM D 6628. Yellow lines must display a nighttime presence of yellow when viewed under automobile headlights. (4) Retroreflectivity—Provide sprayed thermoplastic that meets the following minimum retroreflectivity requirements using an acceptable 30-meter retroreflectometer: TABLE 2213-2: SPRAYED THERMOPLASTIC RETROREFLECTIVITY REQUIREMENTS Color Millicandelas/sq m/lux (min.) White 300 Yellow 225
5.Softening Point--180°F minimum (6) Cracking Resistance at Low Temperature--No visible cracks when observed from a distance of one foot.
e.Binder-Sealer. When a binder-sealer is specified, provide one that is recommended by the manufacturer of the thermoplastic material, and apply it according to the manufacturer's instructions. The binder-sealer must be compatible with the pavement material, and form a tight bond between the pavement and the thermoplastic material. 2213 - SPRAYED THERMOPLASTIC PAVEMENT MARKING MATERIAL
2200-20 2213.3 Test Methods
a.Thermoplastic Material. Use AASHTO T 250 except for:
1.Softening Point-Heat the material for 4 hours ± 5 minutes at 375 ± 2ºF.
2.Cracking Resistance at Low Temperature-Heat the material for 4 hours ± 5 minutes at 375 ± 2ºF. (3) Glass Beads content. ASTM D 4797 and AASHTO T 247.
4.Titanium Dioxide. ASTM D 1394, Aluminum Reduction Method. 2213.4 PREQUALIFICATION
a.Manufacturers interested in prequalifying material under this specification must provide a 10-lb sample of each color to the Engineer of Tests. Also include a copy of the quality contro l test report for each lot of material, material safety data sheets, and a complete set of installation recommendations and instructions.
b.If the material complies with all laboratory requirement s, the manufacturer will be contacted to arrange for the field evaluation. The field evaluation will consist of 2 or 3 test projects at times and locations as determined by the Bureau of Transportation Safety and Technology. Manufacturers must specify if the material may be used on both asphalt and concrete surfaces or onl y on asphalt or concrete surfaces. Duration of the test project will be dependent on the subm ittal of test data from the AASHTO National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP). Fo rward an official copy of the test data along with evidence that the material referenced is identical to that submitted for prequalification to the Engineer of Tests for evaluation. Materials with no test data will have a test project duration of 18 months; materials with test data will have a test project duration of 12 months. Materials will be evaluate d initially and every 3 to 6 months throughout the duration of the test project for retroreflectivity, color and durability.
c.The material will be evaluated for compliance wi th all requirements of this specification, and the manufacturer will be notified of the results. The Bureau of Construction and Materials will maintain a list of qualified materials and installation instructions. Products will remain on the prequalified list as long as the results of verification testing and field performance are satisfactory. Any changes in formulation should be reported to the Engineer of Tests for review and evaluation to determin e if requalification is necessary. 2213.5 BASIS OF ACCEPTANCE
a.Thermoplastic Material.
1.Prequalification as required by subsection 2213.4 .
2.Receipt and approval of a Type C certification as specified in DIVISION 2600 for each lot of material used.
b.Glass Beads for Drop-on Application.
1.Receipt and approval of a Type D certification as specified in DIVISION 2600 .
2.Copies of testing results for each lot of beads used on the project.
c.Binder-Sealer. If binder-sealer is required, it will be accepted based on brand name as recommended by the thermoplastic material manufacturer, and visual observation of performance in the field. 2214 - EPOXY PAVEMENT MARKING MATERIAL
2200-21 Section 2214
EPOXY PAVEMENT MARKING MATERIAL 2214.1 DESCRIPTION This specification covers epoxy resin and glass bead s suitable for use as reflective pavement markings on portland cement concrete or asphalt pavement. 2214.2 REQUIREMENTS
a.Epoxy Pavement Marking Material.
1.General. Provide an epoxy resin material that is toxic heavy metal free, 2-component, 100% solids, and is formulated and tested to perform as a pavement marking material with glass beads a pplied to the surface. The 2 components are an epoxy resin and an amine curing agent. Pr ovide complete manufacturer's specifications and material safety data sheets to the Engineer for all material provided. Provide a material that does not exude toxic fumes when heated to application temperature. Provide a material that, when mixed in the proper ra tio and applied at 0.02 inch wet film thickness at 75ºF with the proper saturation of glass beads, has a no tracking time of less than 40 minutes for slow curing material and less than 10 minutes for rapid curing material. Provide a material that is capable of fully curing under a constant surface temperature of 32ºF or above. (2) Properties of Cured Material.
a.Color. Provide material that complies with the requirements of ASTM D 6628. Provide white and yellow material that complies with the following Daylight Reflectance values: TABLE 2214-1 DAYLIGHT REFLECTANCE Color 45 Degrees-0 Degrees, % Min. White 75 Yellow 45
b.Retroreflectivity. Provide epoxy pavement marking material that meets the following minimum retroreflectivity requirements using an acceptable 30-meter retroreflectometer: TABLE 2214-3: EPOXY RETROREFLECTIVITY REQUIREMENTS Color millicandelas/sq m/lux (min.) White 325 Yellow 250
c.Hardness. Provide material with Shore D hardness of 75 minimum.
d.Bond Strength to Concrete. Provide material that when catalyzed, has such a high degree of adhesion to the specified concrete su rface that there is a 100% concrete failure. Apply the material at a film thickness of 0.01 ± 0.001 inch to concrete with a minimum compressive strength of 4000 psi. Allow the material to cure for 72 hours at 77ºF before the test is performed.
e.Yellowness Index. White only. Value after 72 hours in QUV – 30 maximum when tested at 0.01 ± 0.001 inch and a 72-hour cure.
b.Glass Beads For Drop-On Application (double drop system). Provide glass beads according to the epoxy manufacturer’s recommendations. 2214.3 TEST METHODS
a.Bond Strength to Concrete . AASHTO T 237
b.Hardness. ASTM D 2240 2214 - EPOXY PAVEMENT MARKING MATERIAL 2200-22
c.Yellowness Index. ASTM E 313 2214.4 PREQUALIFICATION
a.Manufacturers interested in prequalifying material under th is specification must provide a 1-quart sample of each color plus 1 quart of hardener to th e Engineer of Tests. Also include a c opy of the quality control test report for each lot of material, an infrared spectro scopy analysis for each component, material safety data sheets and a complete set of installation recommendations and instructions. .
b.The material will be evaluated for compliance wi th all requirements of this specification, and the manufacturer will be notified of the results. Each color an d the hardener will be analyzed and “fingerprinted” using infrared spectroscopy for use in screening future verification samples to verify that materials submitted for use are of an identical formulation as originally approved.
c.If the material complies with all laboratory requirement s, the manufacturer will be contacted to arrange for the field evaluation. The field evaluation will consist of 2 or 3 test projects at times and locations as determined by the Bureau of Transportation Safety and Technology. Manufacturers must specify if the material may be used on both asphalt and concrete surfaces or onl y on asphalt or concrete surfaces. Duration of the test project will be dependent on the submittal of test data from the AASHTO National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP). Forward an official copy of the te st data along with evidence that the material referenced is identical to that submitted for prequalification to the Engineer of Tests for evaluation. Materials with no test data will have a test project duration of 18 months; materials with test data will have a test project duration of 12 months. Materials will be evaluate d initially and every 3 to 6 months throughout the duration of the test project for retroreflectivity, color and durability.
d.The Bureau of Construction and Materials will maintain a list of qualified materials and installation instructions. Products will remain on the prequalified list as long as the results of verification testing and field performance are satisfactory. Any changes in formulation s hould be reported to the Engineer of Tests for review and evaluation to determine if requalification is necessary. 2214.5 BASIS OF ACCEPTANCE
a.Epoxy Material.
1.Prequalification as required by subsection 2214.4 .
2.Receipt and approval of a Type C certification as specified in DIVISION 2600 .
b.Glass Beads for Drop-on Application.
1.Receipt and approval of a Type D certification as specified in DIVISION 2600 .
2.Copies of testing results for each lot of beads used on the project. 2215 - PAVEMENT MARKING PAINT
2200-23 Section 2215
PAVEMENT MARKING PAINT 2215.1 DESCRIPTION This specification covers water-borne pavement marking paint and glass beads suitable for use as retroreflective pavement markings on portla nd cement concrete or asphalt pavement. 2215.2 REQUIREMENTS
a.Paint. Use white or yellow paint that is specificall y manufactured for use as pavement markings. Formulate the paint to consist of acrylic resin, lead free pigm ents and water as the solvent. The paint must comply with volatile organic compound (VOC) requirements, be lead and other toxic heavy metal free, and exhibit the following qualities:
1.Formulation: Yellow paint- The pigment of the Yellow paint shall consist of the following for each 100 gallons of paint:
A.30 lbs. of approved Hansa Yellow
B.17 lbs. of Rutile Titanium Dioxide
C.Other such extender pigments as necessary to produce a close matc h to the yellow color requirement. White and yellow paint shall be composed of 100% acr ylic polymer, which shall be Rohm and Haas HD-21 acrylic resin or Dow Chemical’s DT400.
2.Dry-Opacity: A contrast ratio of not less than 0.96 when the paint is applied with a 0.012 inch film applicator.
3.Daylight Reflectance: Daylight Reflectance of the white paint not less than 80% relative to magnesium oxide. (4) Color: Provide paint that meets the requirements of ASTM D 6628.
5.Bead Embedment: At least 90% of the glass beads must be embedded between 50 and 70%. (6) Dry to No Pick-Up Time : Maximum 5 minutes when tested according to KT-MR1
b.Glass Beads for Pavement Marking Paint (Double Drop System). Provide glass beads according to the paint manufacturer’s recommendations. 2215.3 TEST METHODS
a.Paint.
1.Dry Opacity. ASTM D 2805.
2.Daylight Reflectance. ASTM E 1347.
3.Bead Embedment. Apply paint to a Leneta plain white paper chart at a wet film thickness of 0.025 inch followed immediately by an applica tion of glass beads (AASHTO M 247, Ty pe 3) dropped onto the surface of the paint. After drying for at least 24 hours observe the amount of bead embedment with a 30-power microscope.
4.No Pick-Up Time. ASTM D 711. 2215.4 PREQUALIFICATION None Required. 2215.5 BASIS OF ACCEPTANCE Acceptance of pavement marking paint and glass beads wi ll be made on the basis of Type D certifications as specified in DIVISION 2600 , copies of testing results for each lot of beads used on the project, and visual inspection of performance and consistency on the job site. 2216 – MULTI-COMPONENT LIQUID PAVEMENT MARKING MATERIAL
2200-24 Section 2216
MULTI-COMPONENT LIQUID PAVEMENT MARKING MATERIAL 2216.1 DESCRIPTION This specification covers mu lti-component, liquid materials* suitable for use as retroreflecting pavement markings on portland cement concrete or asphalt pavements. Glass beads or other reflective elements are dropped at a specified rate on the surface of the liquid material imme diately after it is applied to the pavement surface. Upon curing, it produces an adherent retroreflective marking of specified thickness and width, capable of resisting deformation by traffic. * These can be modified uretha nes, polyureas, methylmethacryl ates, special epoxies or other applicable materials. 2216.2 REQUIREMENTS
a.Color. Provide material that complies with the requirements of ASTM D 6628. Provide white and yellow material that complies with the following Daylight Reflectance values: TABLE 2216-1: DAYLIGHT REFLECTANCE Color 45 Degrees-0 Degrees, % Min. White 75 Yellow 45
b.Provide material that is a homogeneous blend of liqui d resins, pigments, and fillers and is also free of lead and other toxic heavy metals.
c.Provide one of the above-mentioned liquid marking materials or a material as approved by KDOT. The burden of proof of a product rests with the producer. Provide all supporting technical data, including test reports, field test data, etc. for consideration of the product.
d.Retroreflectivity. Provide multi-component pavement marking material that meets the following minimum retroreflectivity requirements usi ng an acceptable 30-meter retroreflectometer: TABLE 2216-2: MULTI-COMPONENT RETROREFLECTIVITY REQUIREMENTS Color millicandelas/sq m/lux (min.) White 325 Yellow 250
e.Glass Beads For Drop-On Application (double drop system). Provide glass beads according to the multi-component manufacturer’s recommendations. 2216.3 TEST METHODS
a.Bond Strength to Concrete . AASHTO T 237
b.Hardness. ASTM D 2240
c.Yellowness Index. ASTM E 313 2216.4 PREQUALIFICATION
a.Manufacturers interested in prequalifying material under th is specification must provide a 1-quart sample of each color plus 1 quart of hardener to th e Engineer of Tests. Also include a c opy of the quality control test report for 2216 – MULTI-COMPONENT LIQUID PAVEMENT MARKING MATERIAL
2200-25 each lot of material, an infrared spectro scopy analysis for each component, material safety data sheets and a complete
set of installation recommendations and instructions. .
b.The material will be evaluated for compliance wi th all requirements of this specification, and the manufacturer will be notified of the results. Each color an d the hardener will be analyzed and “fingerprinted” using infrared spectroscopy for use in screening future verification samples to verify that materials submitted for use are of an identical formulation as originally approved.
c.If the material complies with all laboratory requirement s, the manufacturer will be contacted to arrange for the field evaluation. The field evaluation will consist of 2 or 3 test projects at times and locations as determined by the Bureau of Transportation Safety and Technology. Manufacturers must specify if the material may be used on both asphalt and concrete surfaces or onl y on asphalt or concrete surfaces. Duration of the test project will be dependent on the submittal of test data from the AASHTO National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP). Forward an official copy of the te st data along with evidence that the material referenced is identical to that submitted for prequalification to the Engineer of Tests for evaluation. Materials with no test data will have a test project duration of 18 months; materials with test data will have a test project duration of 12 months. Materials will be evaluate d initially and every 3 to 6 months throughout the duration of the test project for retroreflectivity, color and durability.
d.The Bureau of Construction and Materials will maintain a list of qualified materials and installation instructions. Products will remain on the prequalified list as long as the results of verification testing and field performance are satisfactory. Any changes in formulation s hould be reported to the Engineer of Tests for review and evaluation to determine if requalification is necessary. 2216.5 BASIS OF ACCEPTANCE
a.Multi-Component Liquid Material
1.Prequalification as required by subsection 2216.4 .
2.Receipt and approval of a Type C certification as specified in DIVISION 2600 .
b.Glass Beads/Reflective Elements for Drop-on Application.
1.Receipt and approval of a Type D certification as specified in DIVISION 2600 .
2.Copies of testing results for each lot of beads used on the project. 2301 - WOOD POSTS
2300-1 Section 2301
WOOD POSTS 2301.1 DESCRIPTION This specification governs wood posts and spacer blocks for guardrail, and wood sign support posts. This specification does not cover wood fence posts. It es tablishes a quality control/quality assurance (QC/QA) and prequalified plant system for producers of wood products. 2301.2 REQUIREMENTS
a.General.
1.Any plant producing wood post s and spacer blocks for guardrail, and wood sign sup port posts through this specification must be currently prequalified. A plant is any facility that produces the posts as the final treated product. Prequalification requires a thorough inspection by KDOT and comparison testing to verify the plant has the capability to comply with this specification. Procedures for prequalification are outlined in subsection 2301.4 .
2.Unless shown otherwise in the Contract Documents, produce all posts provided under this specification to meet the applicable subsections.
3.Quality Assurance insp ection of wood posts and spacer blocks for guardrail; and wood sign support posts will be done at the job site on a random, project by project basis as outlined in subsection 2301.4e.
4.Wood species not listed but mee ting or exceeding these specifications will be considered by the Bureau Chief of Construction and Materials upon written request.
5.Unless shown otherwise in the Contract Documents, treat material listed under this section with a preservative treatment in accordance with subsection 2301.2e.
b.Material Specifications and Grading Rules. Comply with the applicable parts of the following:
1.ASTM D 245.
2.Standard grading rules as set forth by Southern Pine Inspection Bureau.
3.Standard grading rules as set forth by Western Wood Products Association. (4) Product Standard 20 American Softwood Lumber Standard as set forth by the U. S. Department of Commerce.
5.Any commercial grading rules that will provide material of equal or greater stress value may also be used. The burden of proof regarding the equality of the proposed rules lies with the supplier.
6.Provide materials that are free of decayed wood, rot, red heart, and detrimental compression wood.
7.Fb defined. Fb is the minimum extreme fiber strength in bending under dry conditions (from grading rules tables). Specific requirements for each type of product supplied are outlined in the paragraphs below.
c.Guardrail Posts and Spacer Blocks.
1.Posts and spacer blocks provided under this speci fication are surfaced on four sides (S4S) and complies with the dimensions and details shown in the Contract Documents.
2.Unless shown otherwise in the Contract Document s, provide posts and spacer blocks graded No. 1 (posts and timbers – 5 inch X 5 inch and larger), with a minimum extreme fiber strength in bending, F b, of 1200 psi, regardless of species. Sterilize posts and spacer blocks by kiln drying.
d.Sign Support Posts.
1.Posts provided under this speci fication are S4S and comply with th e dimensions and details shown in the Contract Documents.
2.Unless shown otherwise in the Contract Documents, provide posts graded as follows: Southern Pine: 4 inch X 4 inch, No. 1 Dense, F b = 2000 psi 4 inch X 6 inch, No. 1 Dense, F b = 1750 psi Douglas Fir: 4 inch X 4 inch and 4 inch X 6 inch Select Structural, Base Value F b = 1450 psi Note: Douglas Fir base value does not include size factors. 2301 - WOOD POSTS 2300-2
e.Preservative Treatment a nd Handling of Wood Products.
1.General. Treat all wood products with a wood preservative registered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act.
a.Unless shown otherwise in the Contract Docu ments, treat all wood products provided under this section to meet the applicable subsections in American Wood Protection Association (AWPA) Standard C14, “Wood for Highway Construction—Preservative Treatment by Pressure Processes”. (b) Treatment processes not listed but meeting or exceeding this section will be considered by the Bureau Chief, Construction and Materials, upon written request.
2.Preservative Types. Use preservatives that comply with AWPA Standard U1, Commodity Section A: Sawn Products or Commodity Section B: Posts, or AASHTO M 133.
3.Fabrication. No field fabrication will be permitted, unless shown otherwise in the Contract Documents. Complete all adzing, boring, chamfering, framing, gaining, incising, surfacing, and trimming prior to treatment.
4.Treatment Processes.
a.Use preservative treatments that comply with the latest requirements of AWPA Standard U1, Commodity Section B: Posts, or AASHTO M 133.
b.Stamp or tag each treated piece with the plan t identification and minimum specified treatment recorded in pounds per cubic foot (PCF).
5.Handling. Load, unload or transfer treated posts and blocks using procedures specified in AWPA M4, “Standard for the Care of Preser vative-Treated W ood Products”.
6.Shipments. Do not ship treated material while still dripping. Unless kiln dried, retain it in the treatment yard for a minimum of 3 days. Retain the material in the treatment yard a minimum of 7 days when the ambient temperature remains below 60 F.
7.Storage.
a.Place treated wood products on treated or non-decaying skids or cribbing, that are positioned to support the material to minimize distortion.
b.Sign Support Posts. Stack and tightly band w ith spaced layers to permit air flow between each layer and minimize warping. Banding consists of 1 band for each 4 feet of bundle length, with a maximum spacing of four feet between bands, end bands being not more than 1 foot from the end of the bundles. Place spacers (stickers), a mi nimum of 1/8 inch in thickness, between each horizontal layer of posts at each banding location. (c) Others. Tightly band all other wood products to minimize warping.
d.Place the material in an ar ea free of debris, decayed wood, and dry vegetation, and with sufficient drainage to prevent material from being subjected to standing water.
8.Damage During Shipment. Damage affecting the structural integrity or utility of the item is cause for rejection. 2301.3 TEST METHODS Conduct all measurements, visual inspection, and grading for the wood products according to the procedures specified in subsection 2301.2b. For preservative treatment, analysis will be performed as set forth in AWPA Standard A9, “Standard Method for Analysis of Treated Wood and Treating Solutions by X-Ray Spectroscopy”. 2301.4 PREQUALIFICATION
a.General.
1.Contact the Bureau Chief of Construction and Materials to arrange for the required sampling, observation of testing procedures and review of the plant quality control program.
2.The plant is to absorb all expenses associated with the inspection by the Engineer’s representative. This includes travel, subsistence and lodging, and the expe nses of shipping any sel ected specimens to KDOT.
3.It is the option of the Bureau Chief of Constructio n and Materials to grant prequalified status to a plant based upon the qualification test and inspection results of transportation agencies of other states.
4.A plant will be notified in writing in the event of any change in their prequalified status. The Bureau of Construction and Materials will maintain a list of all plants that are prequalified to prov ide wood guardrail posts and spacer blocks, and wood sign suppo rt posts to KDOT projects. 2301 - WOOD POSTS
2300-3 b. Plant Quality Control Requirements. The plant must have a quality control section identified within its
organization that is adequately staffed to perform the require d lot-by-lot testing. The plant laboratory must have proper equipment, calibrated annuall y according to the requirements of the equi pment manufacturer’s recommendations, with which to adequately perform all measurements, visual inspection, and testing related to subsections 2301.2b. and 2301.2e. Provide a copy of the plant quality control plan to the Engineer’s representative during the plant inspection. As a minimum, the plan will include 1) grading procedur es and personnel qualifications, 2) treatment procedures and personnel qualifications, 3) record keeping procedures and personnel, 4) copy of plant identification stamp or tag, and
5.notification and resubmittal in the event of any change s to procedures and personnel, or the quality control plan.
c.Sampling and Testing Procedure. The Engineer’s representative will select the test samples, at random, at the plant. Provide access to all facilities necessary for the Enginee r’s representative to randomly select samples from all bundles/charges as defined below. Samples for grading comparisons will be selected from material “in the white”, and samples for comparison of treatment tes ting will be selected from the finished product. Provide plant personnel to handle and label necessary bund les/charges from the randomly selected samples.
1.Lot size. All stock within a lot is subject to sa mpling unless exceptions are authorized by the Bureau Chief of Construction and Materials. Lots are defined separately for “in the white” and finished products:
a.“In the white.” The lot of wood that is subj ect to sampling for grading comparison includes all sizes and grades of material described in this specification that are in stock.
b.Treated. The lot of wood that is subject to sampling for treatment comparison includes all finished products of material described in this specification that are in stock.
2.The lot sample size will be:
a.10 bundles of “in the white”, and
b.10 charges of finished product.
3.Sample preparation. Storage and handling of the products will be evaluated during this phase.
a.Transport the “in the white” bund les selected by the Engineer’s representative to an area of the plant that will be suitable for breaking, re-grading, and re-bundling. Provide plant personnel to handle, break and re-bundle the randomly selected samples.
b.Take borings from the finished product bundle s where they are stored. They may need to be broken open and moved around for sampling access. Take borings of the finished product as described in the AWPA Standard M2, “Standard for Inspection of Wood Products Treated with Preservatives”. Take 20 borings from each of the 10 selected charges of fi nished product. Assign each sample, consisting of the 20 borings, a unique identification number. Trim all 20 cores and grind as required by the test method. Place each sa mple in a sealed contai ner and durably affix the sample identification number to each container. Th e sample, or a portion thereof, is tested by the plant. After plant testing is completed, combine th e tested and untested portions of the sample so that comparison testing can be performed by KDOT. Conduct all sample preparation operations in the presence of the Engineer’s representative.
4.Testing.
a.All items in each bundle “in the white” will be graded for comp arison. Provide the Engineer’s representative with the plant’s grading for each “in the white” lot sampled for use in this comparison. The Engineer’s representative will grad e the test bundles according to the procedures and requirements of the applicable specifi cations and grading rules as referenced in subsection 2301.2b.
b.Test each sample according to the procedur es and requirements of the applicable AWPA Standard A9. For the purpose of comparing the plant and KDOT testing laboratories, each of the 10 samples is to be tested by each laboratory. Provide all the necessary facilities and test records required by the Engineer’s representative to witness the tests. Record the plant test results onto a KDOT form and sign the form. Provide these re sults and the remaining companion samples to the Engineer’s representative.
5.Comparison of Test Results.
a.KDOT grading results will be co mpared with the producer’s results for the total of the sampled lot. The differences between KDOT and producer results may not exceed 5% of the sample total.
b.KDOT’s treatment testing results will be comp ared to the producer’s results for each sample, taking into consideration the reproducibility expr essed in the precision table in AWPA Standard A9. None of the samples may fall outside the acceptable range.
Source: Kansas Standard Specifications for State Road and Bridge Construction, 2015 Edition. Pages 908–932 of 978.