602 - HOT MIX ASPHALT (HMA) CONSTRUCTION (Quality Control/Quality Assurance (QC/QA))
600-28 The minimum overlay length (with surface mix) shall be equal to the distance between the cores that are
deficient by a maximum of 0.5 inch, and the width to be paved shall be full width of the roadway (driving lanes and shoulders) when this occurs. The minimum overlay thickness is 3 times the nominal maximum aggregate size. Complete the overlay to the satisfaction of the Engineer . Mill butt joints on the ends of the overlay area. The Engineer will not pay for any milling costs. The exploratory cores are not used to determine thickn ess pay adjustment factors. Randomly select another core (outside the overlay ar ea) to represent the sublot.
d.Deficient Measurements for Shoulders. When any full depth core taken from the shoulders is deficient by greater than 1.5 inches, take exploratory cores at intervals a minimum of 50 feet in each direction (parallel to the centerline) from the deficient core. Continue to take exploratory cores in each direction until a core is only deficient a maximum of 0.8 inches. Exploratory cores are used only to determine the length of pavement in a lot that is to be removed and replaced, or accepted at a reduced price (in addition to any disincentive assessed on that lot), as approved by the Engineer. The minimum repair length is equal to the distance between the cores that are deficient a maximum of 0.8 inches, and the full width of the shoulder. Mill butt joints on the ends of the overlay area. The Engineer will not pay for any milling costs. Unless approved by the Engineer, replacing includes complete removal of all HMA within the area defined by the results of the exploratory cores. Rework, stabilize (if required) and regrade the subgrade. When required, reconstruct the base and replace all HMA mixes shown in the Contract Documents. Obtain 1 random co re within this sublot and use its core length to determine the thickness pay adjustment factor.
e.Asphalt Pavement Ar ea Pay Adjustment. Determine the areas for pay and pay adjustment as shown in TABLE 602-18 . The KDOT spreadsheet program will calculate these areas. This adjustment will be paid for under the bid item Asphalt Pavement Area Pay Adjustment. Irregularly shaped areas may have to be calculated outside the program and the area entered into the program. Compute pay per lot for areas placed and not placed (deducted) as shown in Equations 10, 11, 12 and 13. Equation 10: Pay for Driving Lane = ( ∑PDLA)(BP) Equation 11: Pay Deduct for Driving Lanes = 2( ∑PDLDA)(BP) Equation 12: Pay for Shoulder = ( ∑PSA)(BP) Equation 13: Pay Deduct for Shoulder = 2( ∑PSDA)(BP) ∑PDLA = Pay Driving Lane Area per Lot, Square Yard ∑PDLDA = Pay Driving Lane Deduct Area per Lot, Square Yard ∑PSA = Pay Shoulder Area per Lot, Square Yard ∑PSDA = Pay Shoulder Deduct Area per Lot, Square Yard BP = Bid Price for either the driving lanes or the shoulder, as applicable TABLE 602-17: HMA AREA ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviation Definition Units PDLA = Pay Driving Lane Area per Sublot Sq Yd PDLDA = Pay Driving Lane Deduct Area per Sublot, Sq Yd PSA = Pay Shoulder Area per Sublot Sq Yd PSDA = Pay Shoulder Deduct Area per Sublot Sq Yd MDLW = Measured Driving Lane Width Ft MSW = Measured Shoulder Width Ft MTLW = Measured Total Lane Width (includes shoulder, if any) Ft PDLW = Plan Driving Lane Width Ft PSW = Plan Shoulder Width Ft PTLW = Plan Total Lane Width (includes shoulder, if any) Ft EDLW = Excess Driving Lane Width Ft SL = Sublot Length Ft 602 - HOT MIX ASPHALT (HMA) CONSTRUCTION (Quality Control/Quality Assurance (QC/QA))
600-29 Table 602-18: Hma Area Sublot Calculations1
Condition PDLA2 PDLDA2 PSA2 PSDA2 (Sq Yd) (Sq Yd) (Sq Yd) (Sq Yd) Projects with a Separate Bid Item for Shoulder Narrow Driving Lane MSW is less than PSW (SL)(MDLW) (SL)(PDLW–MDLW) (SL)(MSW) (SL)(PSW– MSW) MSW is greater than PSW (SL)(MDLW) (SL)(PDLW–MDLW) (SL)(MSW3) 0 Wide Driving Lane MSW + EDLW is less than PSW (SL)(PDLW) 0 (SL)(MSW+EDLW) (SL)(PSW– MSW-EDLW) MSW + EDLW is greater than PSW (SL)(PDLW) 0 (SL)(MSW+EDLW4) 0 Projects without a Separate Bid Item for Shoulder5 Narrow Driving Lane and Shoulder (SL)(MTLW) (SL)(PTLW–MTLW) N/A N/A Wide Driving Lane and Shoulder (SL)(MTLW6) 0 N/A N/A 1Deductions will be made for unplaced areas. 2Calculate the areas to the nearest 0.01 square yards. Measure the lengths and widths to the nearest 0.01 feet. Divide the res ult of all equations in this table by 9 so that the resulting units are square yards. 3MSW shall be between PSW and PSW + 0.25 feet. Any ex cess width over 0.25 feet w ill not be included in PSW. 4MSW+ EDLW shall be between PSW and PSW + 0.25 feet. Any excess width over 0.25 feet will not be included in PSW. 5Shoulder is normally 0.00 feet to 3.00 fe et wide and placed at the same time as the driving lane. PTLW = PDLW + PSW 6MSTLW shall be between PTLW and PTLW + 0.25 feet. Any excess width over 0.25 feet will not be included for pay.
f.Asphalt Pavement Thic kness Pay Adjustment. Compute the Asphalt Thickness Pay Adjustment for the driving lanes (TPA DL) and shoulders (TPA SH) using Equation 6 or 7, respectively. Compute the Asphalt Thickness Pay Adjustment factor (P T) as shown in Equation 9. Determine area calculations for the driving lanes and shoulders as shown in TABLE 602-18 . TABLE 602-17 provides the definition for the abbreviations used in TABLE 602-18 . Enter the measured values into the spreadsheet program to determine PDLA and PSA. This adjustment will be paid for under the bid item Asphalt Pavement Thickness Adjustment. Equation 6: TPA DL = P T (∑PDLA)($1.90)(Plan Thickness) Equation 7: TPA SH = P T (∑PSA)($1.70)(Plan Thickness) TPA DL = Thickness Pay Adjustment per Lot for Driving Lane TPA SH = Thickness Pay Adjustment per Lot for Shoulder ∑PDLA = Pay Driving Lane Area per Lot, Square Yard ∑PSA = Pay Shoulder Area per Lot, Square Yard Plan Thickness = HMA Thickne ss shown on Plans, Inches KDOT will use a spreadsheet program to calculate thickness pay adjustments. KDOT will provide a copy of this program to the Contractor, when requested. It is the Contractor’s responsibility to obtain the Microsoft Excel software required to run this program. Values computed using equations referenced in this specification may vary slightly from the spreadsheet values due to rounding of numbers. In such cases the numbers computed by the spreadsheet take precedence. Thickness Quality Index ( Q
T.Computation. In each lot, calculate QT for the total pavement thickness using Equation 8 and round to hundredths. Equation 8: SLSL XQT 602 - HOT MIX ASPHALT (HMA) CONSTRUCTION (Quality Control/Quality Assurance (QC/QA))
600-30 X = Average total core length of all samples representi ng a lot, rounded to the nearest 0.1 inch. (Adjust
core length before averaging, as shown in subsection 602.10b. ) LSL = Lower specification limit for th ickness. For driving lanes use 0.5 inch less than the total plan driving lane thickness shown on the typical section. For shoulders, use 0.8 inch less than the total plan shoulder thickness shown on the typical section. S = Sample standard deviation of the measured core lengths of all samples representing a lot and is calculated using equation (4) in Section 5.2.1 – Statistics, Part V, rounded to hundredths. Use the computed Q T to determine the thickness Percent Within Limits value ( PWL T) by locating the QT in the left column of the Percent Within Limits (PWL) Tabl e in Section 5.2.1 - Statistics, Part V. Select the appropriate PWL T by moving across the selected QT row to the column representing the number of samples in the lot. If the computed QT is a negative value, then the lot and all ad jacent areas (full width of roadway) shall be overlaid as determined by the Engineer. After the lot ha s been overlaid, randomly se lect another core for each sublot, and calculate a new pay factor. For lots that have been entirely overlaid, the maximum pay factor is zero. If the computed QT is greater than the largest QT shown in the PWL Table, a value of 100.00 is assigned as the PWL T for thickness. For each lot and all lanes and shoulders, compute the thickness pay factor ( PT) for the total pavement thickness using Equation 9 and round to nearest thousandt h. No bonus will be paid for shoulders, thus use PT = 0.000 whenever PT calculates greater than 0.000 for shoulders. Equation 9: 270.010030.0*) ( T TPWL P
g.Minimum Quantity of HMA for Square Yard Projects with "HMA Pavement" and HMA Pavement Shoulder" Bid Items. For the total project, supply a minimum of 93% of G mm required by the surface course of driving lanes and shoulders and the top base course of driving lanes and shoulder. Calculate the minimum quantity of those 2 mixes, individually as follows: Equation 14: 42.7) (G (T) (A) 0.93(Tons) Quantity Minimummm A = Area in square yard s for each of the mixes. T = Plan thickness in inches of surface course and the top base course of driving lanes and shoulders. Gmm = Theoretical maximum specific gravity equals the average G mm value used in the first 5 lots or the average G mm for ½ of the project (whichever is less) for the 4 mixes listed in “T” in Equation 14. Determine the average G mm from the Excel worksheet titled "Density F & T Test Worksheet". If this minimum quantity of surface course or base c ourse is not placed, a deduction of $40 per ton will apply to the quantity not placed for each mix. This w ill be paid using the bid item Contract Deduct which will be an item added to the contract. 602.11 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
a."HMA Base", "HMA Surface" and "HMA Overlay" Bid Items. The Engineer will measure HMA Base, HMA Surface and HMA Overlay by the ton of material at the time of delivery to th e road. Batch weights will not be allowed as a method of measurement unless all the following conditions are met: the plant is equipped with an automatic printer system approved by the Engineer; the automatic printer system prints the weights of material delivered; and the automatic printer system is used in conjunction with an automatic batching and mixing control system approved by the Engineer. Provide a weigh ticket for each load. Due to possible va riations in the specific gravity or weight per cubic foot of the aggregates, the tonnage used may vary from the proposal quantities and no adjustment in contract unit price will be made because of such variances. 602 - HOT MIX ASPHALT (HMA) CONSTRUCTION (Quality Control/Quality Assurance (QC/QA))
600-31 Payment for "HMA Base (*)(**)(***)", "HMA Surface (*)(**)(***)" and "HMA Ov erlay (*)(**)(***)" at
the contract unit prices is full compensation for the specif ied work. Any pay adjustments will both be applied and the payment adjusted accordingly. Sideroads, entrances and mailbox turnouts that are not shown in the Contract Documents that are to be surfaced shall be paid for at 1½ tim es the unit price for "HMA Surface (*)(* *)(***)" or "HMA Base(*)(**)(***)".
b."HMA Pavement" and "HMA Shoulder" Bid Items. The Engineer will measure HMA Pavement and HMA Pavement Shoulder by the square yard of the measured in-place material. All lifts, except the surface course, will be measured by the Contractor and verified by the Engineer. The Engineer will measure the surface course. Measure each shoulder width, each driving lane width and sublot length separately. Measure the lengths (to the nearest 0.1 inch) a minimum of once per sublot. The location of the width measurements will be the same location as the mainline cores which were established usin g random numbers. Before the end of the next working day, type and submit to the Engineer, the Contractor’s individual measurements and the sum of the 2 driving lanes. Likewise, when the surface course is completed the Engineer will provide a typed copy of the surface course measurements to the Contractor before the end of the next working day. If the driving lane and shoulder (measured from centerline) is less than 0.25 feet (per side) deficient, a deduction will be assessed. If the roadway is greater than 0. 25 feet (per side) deficient, correction will be required. The correction will be proposed by the Contractor and mu st be approved by the Engineer. After satisfactory correction by the Contractor, the deduction for the narrow roadway will be eliminated for the areas corrected. The Engineer will measure the sublot length and width (to the nearest 0.01 feet). Measure the width from the construction joint to the top of th e slope of HMA pavement. Calculate th e pay area for each lot to the nearest square yard. Unless the Engineer authorizes in writing to increase the area of HMA pavement, the Engineer will use dimensions shown in the Contract Documents and as measured in the field to calculate the final pay quantity. If the Engineer authorizes in writing to increase the area of HMA pavement or shoulder, the additional area will be measured and paid for as "HMA Pavement (#) (##)" or "HMA Pavement (#) Shoulder", respectively. The length will be measured horizontally along the centerline of each roadway or ramp. Payment for "HMA Pavement (#) (##)" and "HMA Pavement (#) Shoulder" at the contract unit prices is full compensation for the specified work. The Asphalt Pavement Thickness Adjustment and Aspha lt Pavement Area Pay Adjustment will be entered on the Contractor’s Payment Vouc hers (intermediates and final) after each lot of the surface course (driving lanes and shoulders) has been completed. The Contractor will receive no ad ditional compensation for overlaying or for removing and replacing areas of deficient thickness. Exploratory cores and cores taken to determine pavement thickness will not be measured for payment. The Engineer will apply a C ontract Deduct for surface course (driving lanes and shoulders) and top base course (driving lanes and shoulders) mi x not placed on the project as determin ed using Equation 14. The Contract Deduct will be computed by the spreadsheet and be an item added to the contract. If the project has a large amount of grinding required for pavement smoothness, the Engineer may require the Contractor to cut cores after the gri nding is complete. These cores will be used in the spreadsheet in place of the cores originally cut.
c.Emulsified Asphalt. The Engineer will measure emulsified asphalt used for tack by the ton. Payment for "Emulsified Asphalt" at the contract unit price is full compensation for the specified work.
d.Asphalt Core (Set Price). The Engineer will measure each asphalt core required by the Engineer to calibrate the nuclear density gauges (t ypically 3 cores for each calibration). No payment will be made for cores deemed unsuitable for calibrating the nuclear density gauges. No payment will be made for cores taken at the Contractor’s option to determine density. If during nuclear density dispute resolution, the Contracto r’s test results are used for payment, each core taken will be measured for payment at 1 ½ tim es the Asphalt Core (Set Price). If KDOT’s test results are used for payment, then no payment for cores will be made for nuclear density dispute resolution. Payment for "Asphalt Core (Set Price)" at the contr act set unit price is full compensation for the specified work.
e.Material for HMA Patching (Set Price). When the Contractor is required to remove any existing base course, subgrade or surface course (unless damaged by the Contractor) and provisions are not made in the Contract
Source: Kansas Standard Specifications for State Road and Bridge Construction, 2015 Edition. Pages 265–268 of 978.