904 - SEEDING
900-14 Do not till areas if temporary or existing grasses pr ovide stable slopes with no erosion. Seed the
permanent grasses into the existing cover using a no-till drill.
c.Seeding. In rural areas, use seed drills that comply with subsection 156.1 . If it is impracticable to operate a seed drill, broadcast the seed with a standa rd manufacture grass seed er. A hydro-seeder may be used in place of the broadcast seeder, when approved by the Engineer. On lawn areas and small areas in developed urban areas , apply the seed with equipment suitable for the size of the area. Use manually operated drop-s eeders, cyclone spreaders or other si milar equipment when appropriate. After the seeding, but before mulching, hand rake the seeded lawn areas. Similar size seeds may be mixed before drilling. The seed company may mix the seeds before delivery, or the Contractor may mix the seeds at the project site. If the seed company mi xes the seeds, each bag of mixed seeds shall have a tag indicating the quantity (pounds) of each type seed and the total weight (pounds) of the bag. If the Contractor mixes the seeds, the Engineer must witness the mixing. If required, inoculate the seeds according DIVISION 2100 . The drill used for seeding shall accommodate the seed sizes and weight of seed by the use of as many compartments as required. Seeds of compatible size and we ight may be mixed and placed in the same compartment. Drill seed at the rate and in the locations shown in the Contract Documents. Drills shall comply with subsection 156.1 . Drill the seeds into the prepared seedbed. The maxi mum depth for drilling grass seeds is ½ inch. Unless shown otherwise in the Contract Documents, the maximum depth for drilling wildflower seeds is ⅛ inch. If grasses and wildflowers are seeded on the same area, dr ill the grasses first, then the wildflowers. After an area is fertilized and seeded, use a seed drill with press wheels or separate cultipacker to firm the soil.
d.Hydro-seeding. On steep slopes or other areas inaccessible w ith a seed drill or broadcast seeder, a hydro seeder may be used when approved by the Engineer. Appl y the seed-fertilizer-water slu rry within 1 hour after the seed is added to the hydro- seeder tank. Apply seed evenly over th e entire site. Use a fan-type nozzle with approximately 500 gallons of water per acre. Add 50 pounds of hydro-mulch per 500 gallons of water for a visual tracer. After the seeding, but before mulching, hand ra ke the seeded areas inaccessible by a cultipacker. Immediately apply bonded fiber matrix mulching according to subsection 905.3c . Do not apply hydro- seed and bonded fiber matrix in one application.
e.Seeding/Lump Sum. This item is only used on projects with less than 1 acre of seeding. Prepare the seedbed, fertilize, seed and mulch all disturbed or cultivated areas within the right-of-way and construction easements according to DIVISION 900 . 904.4 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT The Engineer will measure the total quantity for each type of pure live seed used by the pound. The Engineer will not measure hydromul ch used as a visual tracer for se parate payment. This work is subsidiary to the hydro-seeding item. Bonded fiber matrix mulching will be measured and paid for according to SECTION 905 . The Engineer will measure "Seeding" by the lump sum. No measurement will be made of the area seeded. Payment for the various types of "Seed", "Seed (Hydro)" and "Seeding" at the contract unit prices is full compensation for th e specified work. 905 - MULCHING
900-15 Section 905
MULCHING 905.1 DESCRIPTION Provide and uniformly place mulching material s as shown in the Contract Documents. B I D I T E M S U N I T S Mulching (Permanent) (Set Price) Tons M u l c h i n g T a c k i n g S l u r r y P o u n d M u l c h i n g ( H y d r o ) S q u a r e Y a r d Mulching (Hydro BFM*) S q u a r e Y a r d *Bonded Fiber Matrix 905.2 MATERIALS Provide materials that comply w ith the applicable requirements. Mulch and Mulching Tacking Sl urry ..................................................................... DIVISION 2100 Water ...................................................................................................................... DIVISION 2400 905.3 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
a.Mulching. Place and punch the mulch immediately after the fertilizing and seeding operations. Do not allow the mulching operations to lag behind the fertilizing an d seeding operations more than 24 hours. If rain is forecast, make every effort to mulch areas the same day they are seeded. A sufficient length of mulching material is needed for the mulch to interlap and bind together. Short stemmed mulching material is more vulnerable to wind act ion. When the mulching is applied with a straw blower, if required, remove the cutting knifes to prevent cutting the mulch too short. After an area is fertilized and seeded, uniformly spr ead the mulch over the area. Apply the mulch at the rates shown in the Contract Documents. The rates shown in the Contract Docume nts are a guide. The Engineer will determine if the applied mulch is sufficient to protect the seeded area. After the mulch is applied to an area, punch the mulching material (except wood chips and excelsior material) approximately 2 inches into the ground. Perform the punching operation longitudinally, using a mulch puncher. When needed, use weights on the mulch puncher to punch the mulching material into the soil. When the slope is too steep to use a mulch puncher, "pat" the mulch with forks as it is placed on the slope. Apply mulching tacking slurry or cover with a light application of soil or sand to reduce wind loss. On lawns and small areas in urban areas, apply the mulch material using hand methods, unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. As the mulch is placed, "pat" the mulch with a fork. Apply mulching tacking slurry or cover with a light application of soil or sand to reduce wind loss.
b.Mulching (Hydro) . Apply the hydromulch immediately after the seeding and cultipacking. Apply the hydromulch by means of a standard hydraulic slurry seedin g machine. Demonstrate, to the Engineer’s satisfaction, that the equipment and methods will result in a uniform applicati on of the hydromulch. Mix the hydromulch at the rate of 50 pounds per 100 gallons of water. Apply the hydromulch at the rate of (dry) 1,800 pounds per acre of seeded and cultipacked slope, immediately after the seeding and cultipacking to maximize adhesion and minimize slumping. Obtain complete coverage from a consistent angle of approach while applying hydromulch. Achieve no more than 65% coverage from the primary angle of application, and 35% coverage from the secondary angle of coverage. Maintain secondary angles of coverage of between 175º and 185º from the primary angle. Mixing proportions, application methods and rates may be adjusted based on the manufacturer’s recommendations.
c.Mulching Tacking Slurry. Place and punch the mulch immediatel y after the fertilizing and seeding operations. 905 - MULCHING
900-16 A sufficient length of mulching material is needed for the mulch to interlap and bind together. Short
stemmed mulching material is more vulnerable to wind act ion. When the mulching is applied with a straw blower, if required, remove the cutting knifes to prevent cutting the mulch too short. After an area is fertilized and seeded, uniformly spr ead the mulch over the area. Apply the mulch at the rates shown in the Contract Documents. The rates shown in the Contract Documents are a guide, the Engineer will determine if the applied mulch is sufficient to protect the seeded area. After the mulch is applied to an area, punch the mulching material (except wood chips and excelsior material) approximately 2 inches into the ground. Perform the punching operation longitudinally, using a mulch puncher. When needed, use weights on the mulch puncher to punch the mulching material into the soil. When the slope is too steep to use a mulch puncher, "pat" the mulch with forks as it is placed on the slope. Apply mulching tacking slurry or cover with a light application of soil or sand to reduce wind loss. On lawns and small areas in urban areas, apply the mulch material using hand methods, unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. As the mulch is placed, "pat" the mulch with a fo rk. Apply mulching tacking sl urry or cover with a light application of soil or sand to reduce wind loss. Immediately after the designated areas are mulched and punched, use hydraulic slurry equipment to apply the mulching tacking slurry. Unless shown otherwise in the Contract Documents, apply the mulching tacking slurry at the rate of 900 pounds per acre. Distribute the mulching tacking slurry uniformly over the mulch, leaving no bare spots. Arrange work so the mulching tacking slurry can be placed within 24 hours after each area has been mulched.
d.Mulching (Hydro BFM). Apply the BFM over the specified area s by means of a standard hydraulic slurry seeding machine. Demonstrate, to the Engineer’s satisfaction, that the equipment and methods will result in a uniform application of the bonded fiber matrix. Mix the BFM at the rate of 50 pounds per 100 gallons of water. Apply the BFM at the rate of (dry) 3,500 pounds per acre of seeded and cultipacked slope, immediately after the seeding and cultipacking to maximize adhesion and minimize slumping. Obtain complete coverage from a consistent angle of approach while applying BFM. Achieve no more than 65% coverage from the primary angle of application, and 35% coverage from the secondary angle of coverage. Maintain secondary angles of coverage of between 175º and 185º from the primary angle. Mixing proportions, application me thods and rates may be adjusted based on the manufacturer’s recommendations. 905.4 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
a.Measured Quantities. All area measurements in this section will be based upon slope measurements. The Engineer will measure the mulching (permanent)(set price) by the ton. The Engineer will measure mulching tacking slurry by the pound. Payment will be made based on the dry package weight of the recycled paper fibers and tacking agent. Water will not be measured separately, but is subsidiary to the mulching tacking slurry. The Engineer will measure mulching (hydro) an d mulching (hydro BFM) by square yard.
b.Payment. Payment for "Mulching Tacking Slurry", "Mulching (Hydro)" and "Mulching (Hydro BFM)" at the contract unit prices is full compensation for the specified work. When temporary seeding and permanent seeding are combined, the Engineer will pay for mulching under the bid item Mulching (Temporary), and the bid item Mulc hing (Permanent) (Set Price) will be underrun. When the quantity of "Mulching Tacking Slurry" overruns or underruns the contract quantity by any amount, the contract unit price shall govern. Payment for "Mulching (Permanent) (Set Price)" at the contract set unit pr ice (subject to the adjustments in TABLE 905-1 ) is full compensation for the specified work. TABLE 905-1: PERMANEN T MULCHING PAYMENT Mulching (Permanent) Quantity, M (acres) Percent of Contract Set Unit Price Per Ton M ≤ 15 100% 15 < M ≤ 30 90% 30 < M 80% 906 - TOPSOIL
900-17 Section 906
TOPSOIL 906.1 DESCRIPTION Provide and place topsoil at the locati ons shown in the Contract Documents. BID ITEM UNITS T o p s o i l C u b i c Y a r d 906.2 MATERIALS Provide topsoil that complies with DIVISION 2100 . The Contractor-furnished site (for excavation of th e topsoil) is subject to the environmental clearance provisions noted in SECTION 107 . 906.3 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS Before excavating topsoil from the Contractor-furnished site, remove all grass, weeds, brush, stumps and other objectionable material from the site. Spread the topsoil at the locations and to the depths shown in the Contract Documents. Do not harm existing plants or structures when placing and spreading the topsoil. Do not spill the topsoil on the roadway. Do not handle or spread topsoil when it is wet enough to form a 1 ½ inch soil ball without easily breaking. Use only pulverized topsoil where 3 in ches or less of topsoil is required. After the topsoil is spread over the designated areas, remove any stones, roots, large clods (greater than 6 inches) and other objectionable material. 906.4 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
a.Contract Quantities. The Engineer will use the contract quantities for payment, provided the project is constructed essentially to the lines and gr ades shown in the Contract Documents. If the Contract Documents are altered, or if the E ngineer or Contractor ques tions the accuracy of the contract quantities for topsoil, either party may request measurement of the quantities i nvolved, when excavated, or after placed.
b.Measured Quantities. The Engineer will measure (by cross-sectioning) topsoil by the cubic yard. The Engineer will compute the quan tities by the average end area method. Wher e it is impractical to measure material by the cross-section method, the Engineer may use three-dimensional measurements.
c.Payment. Payment for "Topsoil" at the contract unit pr ice is full compensation for the specified work. 907 - SODDING
900-18 Section 907
SODDING 907.1 DESCRIPTION Provide and place living sod at the locatio ns shown in the Contract Documents. B I D I T E M U N I T S S o d ( * ) ( * * ) S q u a r e Y a r d *Variety **Form of Sod: roots, plugs or strips 907.2 MATERIALS Provide sod that complies with DIVISION 2100 . Provide sod that is in vigorous growing condition. 907.3 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
a.Sodding Seasons. Determine the sodding season using TABLE 907-1 . TABLE 907-1: SO DDING SEASONS Type Season* Cool Season Grasses March 1 thru April 15 September 1 thru November 15 Warm Season Grasses May 5 thru June 30 *If the soil is workable, the Engineer may allow placement of sod between November 15 and March 1. If sod is pl aced during this time, maintain the sod until 20 days after the beginning of the spring sodding season.
b.Construction Sequence. Sod the project during the proper sodding season to protect the finished grading. This may require sodding different parts of the project at different times or seasons. Complete the area once the sodding operations begin in an area.
c.Soil Preparation. Before preparing the soil, repair any eroded areas, and remove all weeds and surface stones greater than 1 inch in diameter. Undercut the soil below the adjacent areas so that the top of the new sod is flush with adjacent seedbeds or turfed areas, and 1 inch below sidewalks and tops of curbs. Cultivate or pulverize the soil to a minimum depth of 1 inch. Smooth the soil, maintaining the grades established by the Grading Contractor. Before sodding, pl ace the fertilizer as specified in the Contract Documents.
d.Placing the Sod. Place and fit sod strips as close together as possible. Stagger the joints between horizontal rows. Fill gaps between sod strips with sod pieces cut to the shape and size of the gaps. Lay sod strips horizontally on slopes, starting at the bottom and working upwards, unless directed otherwise by the Engineer. If the sod is placed on slopes of 2½:1 or steeper, or in ditch bottoms, secure the so d with 6 stakes per square yard or per roll of sod. If the sod is placed on slopes steeper than 20:1 and flatter than 2½:1, secure the sod with 2 to 4 stakes per square yard or per roll of sod. Use wooden lath (approximately 6 inches long) or similar wooden materials or ungalvanized wire staples ( ⅛ inch wire diameter approximately 6 in ches long) to stake the sod. Drive the stakes and staples flush with the sod surface. After the sod is placed and secured, firm the sod using a small roller, tamper or other method approved by the Engineer.
e.Watering the Sod. Immediately after placing the sod, thor oughly water to a depth of 3 inches. Continue watering the sod every other day for 20 days after the sod is placed. The sod shall be thoroughly watered and growing when it is accepted. 907.4 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT The Engineer will measure sod by the square yard. Payment for the various types of sod at the contract unit prices is full compensa tion for the sp ecified work. 908 - TREES, SHRUBS AND OTHER PLANTS
900-19 Section 908
TREES, SHRUBS AND OTHER PLANTS 908.1 DESCRIPTION Provide and plant (or transplant ) the designated plants as show n in the Contract Documents. B I D I T E M S U N I T S Furnishing and Planting Plant Materials Lump Sum Transplanting Existing Plants Lump Sum 908.2 MATERIALS Provide topsoil, plants, fertilizers, peat moss, mulc hes, weed control fabrics and plant bed edging that complies with DIVISION 2100 . 908.3 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
a.Time of Planting. Follow TABLE 908-1 . TABLE 908-1: PLANT PLANTING SEASONS Plant Type Planting Date Range Deciduous Plants November 15 thru April 15 Evergreen Plants October 1 thru April 15
b.Packing and Shipping Plants. Pack all plants to protect agains t drying, freezing, breaking or other injury. Do not dig bare-root plants until after they have been subject to a killing frost. Pack bare-root plants in wet packing material. If it is necessary to transport bare-root plants more than 25 miles, treat the roots with anti- transpirant gel or acrylates befo re packing them for shipment. Do not ship the plants to the project site unless the temperature at the project site is above freezing, and the soil is frost-free and in satisfactory workable condition. Cover all plants with a tarpaulin while in transit. Notify the Engineer at leas t 24 hours in advance of the delivery of the plants. Do not plant or heel-in the plants until inspected by the Engineer.
c.Storage and Protection at the Project Site. After the Engineer has inspected and approved the plants delivered to the project, either plant immediately, or protect them by covering with canvas or heeling-in. Provide a temporary storage ground or a heel-in nursery located near the planting area. Do not leave plants out of the ground overnight or otherwise unprotected during storage. The Engineer will reject plants damaged in any way by the lack of proper storage. Do not cover bare-root plants with canvas for more than 10 hours. Heel-in bare-root plants that are not planted within 10 hours of delivery to the project. Treat the roots of bare-root plants with anti-transpirant gel or acrylates as soon as the plants reach the planting site or heel-in nursery.
d.Layout. Stake the locations of all plants, and verify th e planting sites with the Engineer. Notify Kansas One Call and have sites investigated for underground utilities. If overhead or underground utility lines compromise the planting sites, the Engineer will relocate the sites.
e.Preparation of the Planting Sites. Remove all rocks and undesirable material encountered from the planting site. Do not leave excavated pl ant pits open overnight.
1.Trees. Clear a 10 foot radius area at each plan ting site. Remove all weeds, brush and other undesirable material. 908 - TREES, SHRUBS AND OTHER PLANTS
900-20 Excavate the plant pit diameter 2 feet larger than the diameter of the root ball, and deep enough to allow the
top 6 inches of the root ball to extend above the finished grade. Mix the excavated soil with peat moss and pulverize the mixture before it is used for the backfill of the plant. Apply the peat moss at the rates in TABLE 908-2 . TABLE 908-2: PEAT MOSS APPLICATION FOR TREES Root Ball (inch) Co ntainer # Pounds Peat/Plant Pit 12 5 40 16 10 80 20 25 120
2.Shrub Beds. Extend the perimeters of the shrub beds 30 inches from the center of the outside row of shrubs. Cultivate the existing soil in the shrub bed to a depth of 10 inches, and remove the loose vegetation. Remove all rocks and deleterious material greater than 6 inches in any dimension. Excavate the individual plant pits deep enough to allow the top 6 inches of the root ball to extend above the finished grade. Mix the excavated and cultivated soil with peat moss, and pulverize the mixture. Apply the peat moss at the rates in TABLE 908-3 . TABLE 908-3: PEAT MOSS APPLICATION FOR SHRUBS Root Ball (inch) Co ntainer # Pounds Peat/Plant Pit 8 1 20 10 3 30 12 5 40
3.Groundcover and Perennial Plant Beds. Extend the perimeters of the plant beds 12 inches from the center of the outside row of plants. Cultivate the existing soil in the plant bed to a depth of 10 inches, and remove the loose vegetation. Remove all rocks, gravel and deleterious material greater than 6 inches in any dimension. Mix the excavated and cultivated soil with peat moss, and pulverize the mixture before it is used for the backfill of the plant. Apply the peat moss at the rate of 4 pounds per square yard.
f.Planting and Mulching. Exercise care in handling all plants. Do not drop or roll plant balls. Do not lift or transport balled and burlapped (B&B) pl ants by the top or the trunk of the pl ant; lift the root ball. Replace plants damaged due to improper handling. The Engineer must approve the replacement plants. Remove all pots and containers, regardless of the pot or container composition, from plants before planting. Do not remove wire cages before placing the plant in the planting pit. When the plant is set in the planting pit, cut and remove all twine, rope or binding material from around the stem or trunk of the plant, and from around the ball. After the plant is set in the planting pit, cut and remove the top loops and the top ring of wire cages. Plant all plants plumb. Place trees and shrubs so th at the top 6 inches of thei r root balls are above the finished grade. Place groundcover and pere nnial plants with the tops of their ro ot balls even with or 1 inch below the finished grade. Use the mixture of excavated material and peat moss to backfill the plants. Carefully firm the backfill material about the roots of the plant (lower ⅓ of the root ball on B&B plants). Pl ace and firm the backfill in 3 to 4- inch layers. Firm the backfill by trampling, or by the use of a tamping tool. After trees are planted, cultivate an area 8 feet in diameter and 10 inches deep around each tree. Construct a watering basin around each tree as shown in the Contract Documents. Place weed control fabric over the cultivated area of all sh rub beds. Cut slits in the fabric to allow it to fit around the stems of each plant. Unless shown otherwise in the C ontract Documents, place composted, shredded or chipped wood mulch on the cultivated areas around all plants: 6 inches thick around all trees; 4 inches thick around all shrub beds; and 2 inches thick around all groundcover and perennial plants.
Source: Kansas Standard Specifications for State Road and Bridge Construction, 2015 Edition. Pages 643–649 of 978.