908 - TREES, SHRUBS AND OTHER PLANTS
900-22 During the plant establishment period (for the replacement plants), water, cultivate, weed, prune, spray, and
repair and adjust the guys and stakes, as necessary. If d ead plants are discovered before the end of the current planting season, remove and replace the dead plants before the current planting season expires. Within 10 days of the end of the plant establishment period for replacement plants, the Engineer will evaluate the replacement plants. If the Engineer determin es any replacement plants ar e unacceptable, the Engineer will deduct such plants from the quantities measured for pay. Remove unacceptable replacement plants and restore the planting pits to their original condition. The Engineer will not assess working days for mainta ining and replacing plants during the establishment periods.
l.Bare Root Tree Seedlings/Shrubs.
1.Planting. When planting in excavated holes, carefully spread the roots in a natural position and work in the backfill material around the roots to eliminate air pocket s. Use the excavated material to backfill the plants. When planting in a slot made with a tree planting machine or a planting bar (a special planting spade manufactured for planting seedlings), construct the slot of adequate depth to allow the roots to be fully extended vertically when the seedling is placed in the slot at the proper depth. Take care when planting to prevent the end of the roots from being turned upward. Pruning of large massive root systems into balance with top growth will help in ease of planting and possibly prevent "J" roots from occurring. After placing the seedling in the slot at the proper depth, completely close the slot to eliminate all air pockets. Install all plants in the plumb position. Set the plants to a depth where the collar (where the ro ot system turns to the trunk) is at the level of the surrounding soil or a maximum of ½ inch below the level of the surrounding soil.
2.Mulch Cover. Within 24 hours after planting, place a mulch cover around all plants to control the growth of competing vegetation. Use wood compost for mulch, applied 4 to 6 inches thic k. Start application 1 inch from the tree/shrub trunk. Install a weed free fabric such as a geo-membra ne when specified in the Contract Documents. Mulch an area extending a minimum of 2 feet from a ny plants spaced greater than 6 feet apart. Where plants are on less than 6 foot spacing, mulch the entire bed or area, plus a minimum of 3 feet beyond the peripherals of the plants. Cover the mulch with hold down material when specified in Contract Documents. (3) Watering. Water the plants when specified in the Contract Documents.
4.Bracing. Bracing is not required for trees/shrubs seedlings under 4 feet tall measured from ground level.
5.Rabbit Protective Tubes. Install rabbit protective tubes, when specified in the Contract Documents. 908.4 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT The Engineer will measure furnishing and planting plan t materials and transplanting existing plants by the lump sum. The contract includes the required contract provision, Furnishing and Planting Plant Materials, which is a listing of the unit cost for the individual items, submitted by the Contractor with the proposal. The unit prices shown in the listing will be used to adjust the lump sum amount for ov erruns, underruns and deducting for unacceptable plants. Payment for the "Furnishing and Planting Plant Materials" and for "Transplanting Existing Plants", at the contract unit prices is full comp ensation for the specified work. 909 - MOWING
900-23 Section 909
MOWING 909.1 DESCRIPTION Mow the areas designated by the Engineer. B I D I T E M U N I T S M o w i n g P e r M i l e P e r S i d e 909.2 MATERIALS - None specified. 909.3 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS Use standard manufacture mowing equipment that is adequate for the work designated. Mow only when the ground conditions prevent rutting. If the mowing produces enough clippings and debris to retard the growth of grass, remove and dispose of the clippings and debris. 909.4 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT The Engineer will measure areas mowed per mile per side for each side of the roadway mowed. The Engineer will use vehicle odometer readings (to the ne arest 0.1 mile) for the measurement of quantities. The Engineer will measure the length of mowed areas along the sh oulder of the side of the roadway that is mowed. Included in this measurement are all mowed areas from the shoulder to the right-of -way line. On multi-lane roadways with medians, mowing in the median is not measured for separate payment. Exceptions less than 0.1 miles, such as a bridge, are not deducted from the measurements. Payment for "Mowing" at the contract unit pr ice is full compensation for the specified work. 910 - SOIL COMPOST
900-24 Section 910
SOIL COMPOST 910.1 DESCRIPTION Incorporate compost into the soil as designated in the Contract Documents. 910.2 MATERIALS Provide compost that complies with DIVISION 2100 . 910.3 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS Before incorporating the compost into areas that will be seeded, sodded or planted, thoroughly rototill the areas to a depth of 6 inches. Spread a layer (1 ¼ ± ⅛ inch thick) of compost uniformly over the rototilled soil. Use a rototiller to mix the compost and soil to a depth of 6 inches. Fine grade the mixture by raking or dragging to eliminate high spots and low spots. Lightly roll or otherwise compact the soil surface. Mix compost with the backfill material for all plants. Mix 1 part compost with 5 parts soil (by volume) from the planting hole. 910.4 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT The Engineer will not measure the specified work for separate payment. 911 - STONE MASONRY TREE WELLS
900-25 Section 911
STONE MASONRY TREE WELLS 911.1 DESCRIPTION Construct stone masonry for tree wells at the locations designated in the Contract Documents. B I D I T E M U N I T S Stone Masonry for Tree Wells Cubic Yard 911.2 MATERIALS Provide materials that comply w ith the applicable requirements. Mortar and Concrete ............................................................................................... SECTIONS 401 & 402 Aggregate for Mortar and Conc rete Not Placed On Grade .................................... SECTION 1102 Stone for Stone Maso nry Tree Wells ..................................................................... DIVISION 1100 Burlap ..................................................................................................................... DIVISION 1400 Provide granular material for tree root protection, such as sand, sand-gravel, gravel, and crushed stone. Provide material that is uniformly grad ed from coarse to fine, with all material passing a 3-inch sieve, with a gradation factor of not less than 3.00, and with a plasticity index no gr eater than 3. The Engineer will accept the granular material based on compliance with the specified requirements and vi sual inspection at the project site. 911.3 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS Do not damage the trees while placing the embankment or constructing the tree wells. Before placing the embankment around a tree, remove all vegetation; remove no more than 2 inches of soil. Do not damage the root system. Place a uniform layer of po rous granular material (6 inches in depth unless shown otherwise in the Contract Documents) ab ove the root spread of the tree (the sa me area as the branch spread). Place the embankment around the tree without disturbing the layer of porous material covering the root spread of the tree. Construct the type of stone masonry tree well (either la id in mortar or dry-laid) as shown in the Contract Documents. Shape the stones before placing in the tree well. Dressing or hammering on the stones is not allowed after they are placed in the tree well. Select larger stones for the bottom or foundation course of the tree well. Construct the top of the stone masonry tree well to fit the embankment slope unless shown otherwise in the Co ntract Documents. Firmly place the capstone layer even (flush ) with adjacent stones.
1.Stone Masonry Laid in Mortar. Clean each stone and saturate it with water before setting the stone in mortar. Settle each stone into place in a full bed of mortar. Construct the retaining wall with full-mortared joints 1 to 1 ½ inches thick. Arrange the vertical joints to break a minimum of 6 inches with those in adjoining courses. Do not locate vertical joints above or below a header. Construct the tree well with headers to tie the masonry together. Arrange the head ers to occupy at least ¼ of the surface area on the face and back of the retaining wall. Distribute the head ers evenly throughou t the tree well. Use a pointing tool to finish the exposed joints. If the exposed joints are not pointed before the mortar sets, rake the exposed joints to an approximate depth of 1 ½ inches. Thoroughly wet the raked area, pack the wetted area with fresh mortar and finish the joint with a pointing tool. After the mortar is set, clean and remove all exces s mortar from the joints and surface of the stones. Cure the finished tree well with wet burlap for a minimum of 3 days. During cold weather, the limitations and protection requirements of SECTIONS 401 & 710 will apply to the concrete footing and concrete grout.
2.Stone Masonry Laid Dry. Construct the dry-laid tree well with broken joints, placed to form a solid, self-supporting wall. After the stones are placed, key the stones together by filling the voids with spalls or small stones to obtain a uniform surface. 911 - STONE MASONRY TREE WELLS
900-26 911.4 Measurement and Payment
The Engineer will measure stone masonry tree wells by the cubic yard. The measurement will be to the dimensions shown in the Contract Documents, or as revised by the Engineer. Payment for "Stone Masonry for Tree Wells" at th e contract unit price is full compensation for the specified work. 912 - PARK STRUCTURES
900-27 Section 912
PARK STRUCTURES 912.1 DESCRIPTION Provide materials for and construct the specified park structures as shown in the Contract Documents. B I D I T E M S U N I T S B e n c h E a c h Grill Each T a b l e ( * ) E a c h T a b l e S h a d e ( * * ) E a c h P l a n t e r U n i t E a c h Bicycle Rack Each G r a t e E a c h Waste Receptacle Each C o m f o r t S t a t i o n ( * * * ) E a c h Comfort Station (Modification) Each *Wood Without Base, Wood With Concrete Ba se or Concrete With Concrete Base. **Masonry, Stone or Wood. ***Type shown in the Contract Documents. 912.2 MATERIALS Provide materials that comply w ith the applicable requirements. Mortar and Grade 3.5 Concrete .............................................................................. SECTIONS 401 & 402 Aggregate for Mortar and Conc rete Not Placed On Grade .................................... SECTION 1102 Concrete Maso nry Units ......................................................................................... DIVISION 1300 Concrete Curing Materials ..................................................................................... DIVISION 1400 Cement ................................................................................................................... DIVISION 2000 Welded Steel Wi re Fabric ...................................................................................... DIVISION 1600 Steel for Grates ....................................................................................................... DIVISION 1600 Lumber ................................................................................................................... DIVISION 2300 Water ...................................................................................................................... DIVISION 2400 Provide other materials as shown in the Contract Documents. The Engineer will accept other materials based on compliance with dimensions and details shown in the Contract Documents. 912.3 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
a.Earthwork. Shape and finish the park areas as shown in the Contract Documents. Eliminate all depressions that will hold surface water. If necessary, provide add itional earth material.
b.Mortar and Reinforced Concrete. Use reinforcing steel according to DIVISION 700 . Form, place, finish cure and pr otect the concrete according to SECTION 710 .
c.Park Structures. Provide and construct the park structur es as shown in the Contract Documents. Apply a prime coat and 2 finish coats of paint, color and type as designated in the Contract Documents. Before painting any structure, submit color samples of the paint to the Engineer for approval. The Engineer will approve (or disapprove) the paint based on visual inspection. 912.4 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT The Engineer will measure each park structure. Payment for the various park structures at the cont ract unit prices is full compensation for the specified work. 913 – WATER SYSTEMS
900-28 Section 913
WATER SYSTEMS 913.1 DESCRIPTION Provide materials for, and construct the water system as shown in the Contract Documents. B I D I T E M U N I T S W a t e r S y s t e m L u m p S u m 913.2 MATERIALS Provide materials that comply w ith the applicable requirements. Grade 3.5 Concrete* ............................................................................................... SECTIONS 401 & 402 Aggregates for Concrete Not Placed On Grade ...................................................... SECTION 1102 Aggregates for Underdrains ................................................................................... DIVISION 1100 Concrete Curing Materials ..................................................................................... DIVISION 1400 Cement ................................................................................................................... DIVISION 2000 Welded Steel Wi re Fabric ...................................................................................... DIVISION 1600 Drain Tile ............................................................................................................... DIVISION 1900 Water ...................................................................................................................... DIVISION 2400 * Use Grade 3.5 Concrete unless specified otherwise in the Contract Documents. 913.3 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS Construct the water system as shown in the Contract Documents. Make all service connections to the water supply unless specified otherwis e in the Contract Documents. 913.4 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT The Engineer will measure water systems by the lump sum. Payment for "Water System" at the contract unit price is full co mpensation for the specified work. 1101 - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR AGGREGATES
1100-1 Section 1101
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR AGGREGATES 1101.1 DESCRIPTION This specification covers the basis of approval, cer tification and acceptance of aggregates specified in
Division 1100
1101.2 REQUIREMENTS
a.General . Provide aggregates that comply with all composition, quality, product control, and handling (stockpile) requirements of the applicable specifications.
b.Process Control.
1.Perform or cause to be performed all inspectio ns and tests necessary to provide and maintain an adequate process control system that will provide reas onable assurance that all aggregates or aggregate combinations submitted for acceptance will comply to Contract Document. Before beginning aggregate production for quality c ontrol/quality assurance (QC/QA) projects, submit a proposed Process Control Plan in writing for review by the Engineer or the QC/QA Contractor. Include the sampling and testing frequencies, the sampling locations, the sampling and testing methods and other inspections expected to establish and maintain process control in the plan. If requested, KDOT will make a chart of recommended sampling and testing frequencies fo r process control available to the Producer. A process control plan should include procedures for all aggregates produced to determine grading, plasticity index, deleterious substance content, and other properties that may be required by the specification, and to inspect stockpiles for separation, contam ination and segregation. These guidelines are considered normal activities necessary to control the production of a ggregates or aggregate combinations at an acceptable quality level. It is recognized that, depending on the type of process or materials, some of the activities listed may not be necessary, or other activities may be required. The frequency of these ac tivities is not listed in these guidelines, as they will vary with the process and the materials. (2) Sampling and Testing. Use the same sampling and testing methods and procedures in process control as those used by KDOT. These Kansas Test (KT) Methods are included in Part V, which is made available to the producer. Part V also includes a Sampling and Testing Fr equency Chart for acceptance of materials that producers may wish to use as a guide to develop their process control plan. Producers supplying material for quality control/quality assurance projects have required minimum samp ling and testing frequencies that can also be found in Part V.
3.Test Reports. Maintain a file of all process control tests. Provide copies to the Engineer upon request.
4.Acceptance Inspection. Accepta nce of aggregate will be based on KDO T and/or Contractor tests at the point of usage unless designated otherwise by the Engineer. Aggregate production will also be inspected to determine if aggregates are being produced from depos its, ledges, and beds which meet the specific quality requirements. Aggregates produced from deposits, ledges, or beds that have not been previously approved for quality will be rejected. Remove rejected material from the project stockpile area immediately. Any work incorporating aggregates from source s not approved for quality for that work must be removed and replaced, or otherwise corrected, by and at the expense of the Contractor. KDOT reserves the right to run any test at any time to determine specification compliance. When test results on aggregates or mineral filler supplements indicate non-compliance with specifications, the Engineer may cause those materials to be rejected and removed from the work site at the expense of the Contractor.
c.Certification of Aggregates. Provide the Engineer a certificati on for each classification of aggregate utilized in a project. (1) Aggregates Delivered to the S ite: Certify each classification of ag gregate delivered to a project or product preparation site. Prepare th ese certifications under the signature of the aggregate producer or their designated representative.
a.Certify aggregates that are tested at their de stination to determine final disposition as to the locations of the deposits from which they were produced. 1101 - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR AGGREGATES
1100-2 (b) Certify aggregates that are tested at their production site to determine final disposition. These
certifications state that the aggregates were rem oved from a KDOT tested and approved stockpile at the production site, or that they were removed from a plant while it was producing aggregate that was in compliance with the applicable specifications.
2.Aggregates Incorporated into the Project: At locations where aggreg ates and products that incorporate aggregates are produced for KDOT and non-KDOT use, pr ovide certifications stating that only KDOT tested and approved aggregate were prov ided for KDOT projects.
3.Frequency of Certification:
a.Before the initial delivery of aggregates to a project or product preparation site, provide the Engineer a certification. This certification is to be under the signature of the aggregate producer or their designated representative and states that a ll aggregates to be provide d for the project are in compliance with all the app licable KDOT specifications.
b.Upon completion of the project, pr ovide certifications as specified in 1101.2c.(1),(2) to the Engineer. These certifications appl y to all aggregates that were de livered to the project or product preparation site and ultimately used in the project. These certifications are to indicat e the approximate quantities in tons or cubic yards of each aggregate delivered to the project and the approximate quantities in tons or cubic yards of each aggregate delivered to the product preparation site and incorporated into a product that was utilized in the project. (4) Certification Requirement for Chat: Sellers of chat must complete and submit the Chat User’s Certificate within 30 days of the date of acquisition. The certification will contain the following information: location of origin of the chat, amount of chat acquired, and a certification th at the chat will be used in accordance with the criteria of Chat Rule, 40 Code of Federal Regulatio ns (CFR) Part 278. The cer tification should be submitted to both the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) and to the Bureau of Construction and Materials. If the chat is sold or otherwise transferred to another party, the seller shall provide a copy of the certification to the new owner of the chat. The initial or any subsequent acquirer of chat will maintain copies of the following for a minimum of 3 years: a) a copy of th e certification following tran smittal to KDHE, and, as appropriate, b) any Synthetic Precip itation Leaching Procedure testing results, or c) any site specific risk assessments. 1101.3 TEST METHODS Test all aggregates in accordance with the applicable methods cited in SECTION 1115 . 1101.4 PREQUALIFICATION With the exception of Lightweight (expanded shale) Aggregate, aggr egates from each source require "Official Quality" testing on samples obtained by an au thorized representative of KDOT before use on KDOT projects. These samples are taken from actual production, which may be "pit-run", "crusher-run" or may involve some processing. Approved sources remain approved only if there are no major changes in the production methods or deposit characteristics. Lightweight (expanded shale) Aggregate must be prequalified. In-state producers wishing to get their product prequalified must submit a written request to the Dist rict Materials Engineer for the District in which the production facility is located. Out-of-state producers must s ubmit their written request to the Engineer of Tests. In the request, the producer must specify whether they wa nt the material to be used for Modified Lightweight Aggregate [ subsection 1102.2.e.(2) ] or for Cover Material ( subsection 1109 ). Samples will be collected by KDOT and tested for compliance with applicable specifications. Lightweight aggregates that comply with all applicable requirements will be added to a list of prequalified lightweight aggregates maintained by the Bureau of Construction & Materials. Any change in material source, equipment, or process voids the prequalification and a new prequalification will be required. 1101.5 BASIS OF ACCEPTANCE Aggregates from sources approved for the in tended use are accepted based on the following:
a.Current official quality test results complying with the requirements of the applicable subsection are on file with KDOT or the aggregate source is named on an a pplicable Prequalified List (PQL). 1101 - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR AGGREGATES 1100-3
b.Results of tests conducted on samples taken at a point or points designated by the Engineer. KDOT reserves the right to re-sample, test and reject any pr eviously accepted aggregate if the Engineer has reason to believe it no longer complies with the Contract Documents.
c.Certifications as specified in subsection 1101.2 c . 1102 - AGGREGATES FOR CONCRETE NOT PLACED ON GRADE
1100-4 Section 1102
AGGREGATES FOR CONCR ETE NOT PLACED ON GRADE 1102.1 DESCRIPTION This specification is for coarse aggregates, intermed iate aggregates, fine aggregates, mixed aggregates (coarse, intermediate and fine material) and miscellaneous aggregates for use in construction of concrete not placed on grade. For Intermediate Aggregat es and Mixed Aggregates, consider any ag gregate with 30% or more retained on the No. 8 sieve to be Coarse Aggregate. 1102.2 REQUIREMENTS
a.Quality of Individual Aggregates.
1.Provide Aggregates for Concrete that comply with TABLE 1102-1 . Fine Aggregates for Concrete have additional Quality Requirements stated in subsection 1102.2e.(2). TABLE 1102-1: QUALITY REQUIREMEN TS FOR CONCRETE AGGREGATES Concrete Classification Soundness (min.) Wear (max.) Absorption (max.) Acid Insoluble5 (min.) Grade xx (AE)(SW)1 0.90 40 - - Grade xx (AE)(SA)2 0.90 40 2.0 - Grade xx (AE)(AI)3 0.90 40 - 85 Grade xx (AE)(PB)4 0.90 40 3.0 - Bridge Overlays 0.95 40 - 85 All Other Concrete 0.90 50 - - 1Grade xx (AE)(SW) - Structural concrete with select coarse aggregate for wear. 2Grade xx (AE)(SA) - Structural concrete with select coarse aggregate for wear and absorption. 3Grade xx (AE)(AI) - Structural conc rete with select coarse aggregate for wear and acid insolubility. 4Grade xx (AE)(PB) - Structural concrete with select aggregate for use in prestressed concrete beams. 5Acid Insoluble requirement does not apply to calcite cemented sandstone. Soundness (KTMR-21) requirements do not apply to aggregates having less than 10% material retained on the No. 4 sieve. Wear (AASHTO T 96) requirements do not apply to aggregates having less than 10% retained on the No. 8 sieve. Absorption KT-6 Procedure I for material reta ined on the No. 4 sieve. Apply the maximum absorption to the portion retained on the No. 4 sieve.
2.All predominately siliceous aggregate must comply with the Wetting & Drying Test requirements, or be used with a Coarse Aggregate Sweeten er, or will require Supplemental Ceme ntitious Materials (SCM) to prevent Alkali Silica Reactions (ASR). When an SCM is utilized, provide the results of mortar expansion tests of ASTM C 1567 using the project’s mix design concrete materials at th eir designated percentages. Provide a mix with a maximum expansion of 0.10% at 16 days after casti ng. Provide the results to the Engineer at least 15 days before placement of concrete on the project. Wetting & Drying Test of Siliceous Aggregate for Concrete (KTMR-23) Concrete Modulus of Rupture: At 60 days, minimum .......................................................................... 550 psi At 365 days, minimum ........................................................................ 550 psi Expansion: At 180 days, maximum ........................................................................ 0.050% At 365 days, maximum ........................................................................ 0.070% 1102 - AGGREGATES FOR CONCRETE NOT PLACED ON GRADE 1100-5 Aggregates produced from the following general areas are exempt from the Wetting and Drying Test: Blue River Drainage Area. The Arkansas River from Sterling, west to the Colorado state line. The Neosho River from Emporia to the Oklahoma state line.
3.Coarse Aggregate Sweetener. Type s and proportions of aggregate sw eeteners to be used with Mixed Aggregates are listed in TABLE 1102-2 . TABLE 1102-2: COARSE AGGREGATE SWEETENER Type of Coarse Aggregate Sweetener Proportion Required by Percent Weight Crushed Sandstone* 40 (minimum) Crushed Limestone or Dolomite* 40 (minimum) Siliceous Aggregates meeting subsection 1102.2a.(2) 40 (minimum) Siliceous Aggregates not meeting subsection 1102.2a.(2) ** 30 (maximum) *Waive the minimum portion of Coarse Aggregate Sweetener for all intermediate and fine aggregates that comply with the wetting and drying requirements for Siliceous Aggregates. In this case, combine the intermediate, fine and coarse aggregate sweetener in proportions required to comply with the requirements of subsection 1102.2a.(3) **To be used only with intermediate and fine aggregates that comply with the wetting and drying requirements of Siliceous Aggregates unless a Supplementa l Cementitious Material is utilized.
b.Mixed Aggregates.
1.Composition. Provide coarse, intermediate, and fine aggregates in a combin ation necessary to meet subsection 1102.2b.(2) . Use a proven optimization method such as ACI 302.1 or other method approved by the Engineer. Aggregates may be from a single source or combination of sources.
2.Product Control.
a.Gradations such as those shown in TABLE 1102-3 have proven satisfactory in reducing water demand while providing good workability. Adjust mixture proportions whenever individual aggregate grading varies during the course of the work. Use the gradations shown in TABLE
1102-3 , or other gradation approved by the Engineer.
Optimization is not required for concrete for patching pavements more than 10 years old, or Commercial Grade Concrete. The Engineer may waive the optimization requirements if the concrete meets all the requirements of DIVISION 400 . Follow these guidelines:
1.Do not permit the percent retained on two adjacent sieve sizes to fall below 4%;
2.Do not allow the percent retained on thre e adjacent sieve sizes to fall below 8%; and
3.When the percent retained on each of two adjacent sieve sizes is less than 8%, the total percent retained on either of these sieves and the ad jacent outside sieve should be at least 13%. (for example, if both the No. 4 and No. 8 sieves have 6% retained on each, then: 1) the total retained on the 3/8 in. and No. 4 sieves should be at least 13%, and
2.the total retained on the No. 8 and No. 16 sieves should be at least 13%.) 1102 - AGGREGATES FOR CONCRETE NOT PLACED ON GRADE
1100-6 Table 1102-3: Allowable Grading Fo R Mixed Aggrega Tes for Concrete
Type Usage Percent Retained - Square Mesh Sieves 1 ½" 1" ¾" ½" ⅜" No. 4 No. 8 No. 16 No. 30 No. 50 No. 100 No. MA-3 Optimized All Concrete 0 2-12 Note1Note1Note1Note1Note2Note2 Note2 95-100 98-100 MA-4 Optimized All Concrete 0 2-12 Note1Note1Note1Note1Note1Note2Note2 Note2 95-100 98-100 MA-5 Optimized Drilled Shafts 0 2-12 8 min 22-34 55-65 75 min 95-100 98-100 MA-6 Optimized for Bridge Overlays 0 0 2-12 Note1 Note1Note1Note2Note2 Note2 95-100 98-100 MA-7 Contractor Design KDOT Approved Proposed Grading that does not correspond to other limits in this table but meet the requirements for concrete in DIVISION 400 . 98-100 1Retain a maximum of 22% (24% for MA-6) and a minimum of 6% of the material on each individual sieve. 2Retain a maximum of 15% and a minimum of 6% of the material on each individual sieve.
b.Optimization Requirements for all Gradations. Actual Workability must be within ± 5 of Target Workability. Where: W A = Actual Workability W T = Target Workability CF = Coarseness Factor
1.Determine the Grading according to KT-2
2.Calculate the Coarseness Factor (CF) to the nearest whole number.
3.Calculate the Actual Workability (W
A.to the nearest whole number as the percent material passing the #8 sieve. WA = 100 – % retained on #8 sieve
4.Calculate the Target Workability (W T) to the nearest whole number where For 517 lbs cement per cubic yard of concrete WT = 46.14 – (CF/6) For each additional 1 lb of cement per cubic yard, subtract 2.5/94 lbs from the Target Workability.
c.Deleterious Substances. Maximum allowed deleterious substances by weight are: Clay lumps and friable pa rticles (KT-7) .............................................. 1.0% Coal (AASHTO T 113)........................................................................ 0.5% Shale or Shale-like mate rial (KT-8) ..................................................... 0.5% Sticks (wet) (K T-35) ............................................................................ 0.1% Sum of all deleterious ........................................................................... 1.5%
d.Uniformity of Supply. Designate or determine the fineness modulus (grading factor) for each aggregate according to the procedure listed Part V, Section 5.10.5-Fineness Modulus of Aggregates (Gradation Factor) befo re delivery, or from the first 10 samples tested and accepted. Provide aggregate that is within ±0.20 of the average fineness modulus. Provide a single point grading for the combined aggregates along with a plus/minus tolerance for each sieve. Use plus/minus tolerances to perform quality cont rol checks and by the Engineer to 100xRetained % Material 8 # Retained % Material 3/8”CF 1102 - AGGREGATES FOR CONCRETE NOT PLACED ON GRADE
1100-7 perform aggregate grading verification testing. The tests may be performed on the combined
materials or on individual aggregates, and then theoretically combined to determine compliance. Maintain an Actual Workability within ± 5 of the Target Workability for the combined aggregate.
3.Handling of All Aggregates.
a.Segregation. Before acceptance testing, remix all aggregate segregated by transit or stockpiling.
b.Stockpiling. Maintain separation between aggregates from different sources, with different gradings or with a significantly different specific gravity. Transport aggregate in a manner that promotes uniform grading. Do not use aggregates that have become mixed with earth or foreign material. Stockpile or bin all washed aggregate produced or handled by hydraulic methods for 12 hours (minimum) before batching. Rail shipme nt exceeding 12 hours is acceptable for binning provided the car bodies permit free drainage. Provide additional stockpiling or binning in cases of high or non-uniform moisture.
c.Coarse Aggreg ates for Concrete.
1.Composition. Provide coarse aggregate that is crushed or uncrushed gravel or crushed stone meeting the quality requirements of subsection 1102.2a. Consider limestone, calcite cemented sandstone, rhyolite, quartzite, basalt and granite as crushed stone. Mixtures utilizing siliceous aggregate not meeting subsection 1102.2a.(2) will require supplemental cementitious materials to prevent Alkali Silica Reactions. Provide the results of mortar expansion tests of ASTM C 1567 using the project’s mix design concrete materials at th eir designated percentages. Provide a mix with a maximum expansion of 0.10% at 16 days after casti ng. Provide the results to the Engineer at least 15 days before placement of concrete on the project.
2.Product Control. Use gradations such as those in TABLE 1102-4 which have been shown to work in Optimized Mixed Aggregates, or some other gradation approved by the Engineer that will provide a combined aggregate gradation meeting subsection 1102.2b. TABLE 1102-4: ALLOWABLE GRADING FOR COARSE AGGREGATES Type Composition Percent Retained - Square Mesh Sieves 1½" 1" ¾" ½" ⅜" No. 4 No. 8 No. 30 SCA-1 Siliceous Gravel or Crushed Stone 0 0-10 14-35 - 50-75 - 95-100 - SCA-2 Siliceous Gravel or Crushed Stone 0 0-35 30-70 75-100 95-100 SCA-4 Siliceous Gravel or Crushed Stone 0 0-20 95-100
d.Intermediate Aggregate for Concrete.
1.Composition. Provide intermediate aggregate for mixed aggregates (IMA) that is crushed stone, natural occurring sand, or manufactured sand meeting the quality requirements of subsection 1102.2a.
2.Product Control. Provide IMA grading when necessary to provide a combined aggregate gradation meeting subsection 1102.2b.
e.Fine Aggregates for Concrete.
1.Composition.
a.Type FA-A. Provide either singly or in combination natural occurring sand resulting from the disintegration of siliceous or calcareous rock, or manufactured sand produced by crushing predominately siliceous materials meeting the quality requirements of subsection 1102.2a. and 1102.2e.(2) .
b.Type FA-C. Provide crushed siliceous aggregate, steel slag, or chat that is free of dirt, clay, and foreign or organic material. 1102 - AGGREGATES FOR CONCRETE NOT PLACED ON GRADE
1100-8 (2) Additional Quality Requirements for FA-A.
a.Mortar strength and Organic Impurities. If the DME determ ines it is necessary, because of unknown characteristics of new sources or change s in existing sources, provide fine aggregates that comply with the following: Mortar Strength (KTMR-26). Compressive strength when combined with Type III (high early strength) cement: At age 24 hours, minimum ........................................................ 100%* At age 72 hours, minimum ........................................................ 100%* *Compared to strengths of specimens of the same proportions, consiste ncy, cement and standard 20-30 Ottawa sand. Organic Impurities (AASHTO T 21). The color of th e supernatant liquid is equal to or lighter than the reference standard solution.
b.Provide FA-C for Multi/Single-Layer Po lymer Concrete Overlay complying with TABLE
1102-5 .
TABLE 1102-5: QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR MULTI/SINGLE-LAYER POLY MER CONCRETE OVERLAY Property Requirement Test Method Soundness, minimum 0.92 KTMR-21 Wear, maximum 30% AASHTO T 96 Acid Insoluble Residue, minimum 55% KTMR-28 Uncompacted Voids Fine Aggregate, minimum 45 KT-50 Moisture Content, maximum 0.2% KT-11
3.Product Control.
a.Size Requirements. Provide FA-C for Multi/Single-Layer Polymer Concrete Overlay complying with TABLE 1102-6 . Provide FA-A that comply with TABLE 1102-6 or some other gradation approved by the Engineer that will pr ovide a combined aggregate gradation meeting subsection 1102.2.b. TABLE 1102-6: GRADING REQUIREMEN TS FOR FINE AGGREGATES FOR CONCRETE Type Percent Retained-Square Mesh Sieves ⅜" No. 4 No. 8 No. 16 No. 30 No. 50 No. 100 No. 200 FA-A 0 0-10 0-27 15-55 40-77 70-93 90-100 98-100 FA-C 0 0 25-70 95-100 99-100 99-100 99-100 98-100
b.Deleterious Substances. Type FA-A: Maximum allowed deleterious substances by weight are: Coal (AASHTO T 113).............................................................. 0.5% Sticks (wet) (KT-35) ................................................................. 0.1% Sum of all deleterious ................................................................ 0.5%
f.Miscellaneous Agg regates for Concrete.
1.Aggregates for Mortar Sand, Type FA-M.
a.Composition. Provide aggregates for mortar sa nd, Type FA-M that is natural occurring sand.
b.Quality. Mortar strength and Organic Impurities. If th e DME determines it is necessary, because of unknown characteristics of new sources or change s in existing sources, provide aggregates for mortar sand, Type FA-M that comply with the following: Mortar Strength (KTMR-26). Compressive strength when combined with Type III (high early strength) cement: At age 24 hours, minimum ................................................. 100%*
Source: Kansas Standard Specifications for State Road and Bridge Construction, 2015 Edition. Pages 651–665 of 978.