4−39
408.02 Materials.
408.02.1 Sealant. The sealant shall be either one of the following and shall be subject to approval
by the Engineer prior to the start of work.
a.Joint and crack sealant, hot applied, conforming to ASTM D6690 Type II.
b.Fiber reinforced modified asphalt compound consisting of:
1.Modified Asphalt Binder - This shall consist of a blend of neat asphalt cement and crumb rubber, which are chemically bonded to produce a modified asphalt binder that complies with all the requirements of AASHTO MP1a for PG 70-34, with a separation less than 5% (AASHTO PP 5-93, Section 8.3). The modified asphalt binder shall not contain any particles of rubber or elastomeric material when tested in accordance with AASHTO T 44. The viscosity shall not exceed 3 Pa·s at 300 °F. The dynamic shear of the pressure aging vessel residue shall not exceed 5000 kPa at 7oC. The elastic recovery at 4oC (AASHTO T301) shall be not less than 70%. The modification at a minimum shall consist of 5% crumb rubber from tires. The supplier of the modified asphalt binder shall certify the composition and PG grade of the modified asphalt binder.
2.Asphalt Cement - The high temperature grade (AASHTO MP1a) of the neat asphalt cement shall not exceed PG 58-XX.
3.Crumb Rubber – The modified asphalt binder shall have a crumb rubber content of not less than 5% by weight of neat asphalt cement. The maximum size of the crumb rubber shall be 80 mesh.
4.Chemical Bonding Agent – The chemical bonding agent shall be heat stable and compatible with asphalt and rubber.
5.Fibers - Polyester, fully drawn. Length 10 mm (max) Denier 15 dpf (max) Tenacity 4 gpd (min) Crimp none Color natural Fiber Reinforced Modified Asphalt Compound Properties: Fiber concentration 8% by weight of modified asphalt binder; uniform dispersion of fibers Elongation 8% at 0°F (max) Tensile Strength 450 psi at 0°F (min) Blending of the fibers with the modified asphalt binder shall be in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer of the fibers.
408.02.2 Filler. Filler shall consist of Bituminous Concrete Class I-2 or High Performance
Bituminous Cold Patch. The crack filler shall be compatible with the crack sealer and be pre-approved by the Engineer.
408.02.3 Blotter Material. Blotter Material shall be black beauty.
4−40 408.03 CONSTRUCTION METHODS.
408.03.1 Equipment. Equipment shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer and maintained
in a satisfactory working condition at all times.
a.Air Compressor. Air compressors shall be portable and capable of furnishing not less than 100 cubic feet of air per minute at not less than 120 pounds per square inch pressure at the nozzle. The compressor shall be equipped with traps that will maintain the compressed air free of oil and water.
b.Hot Air Lance. A hot air lance for cleaning, drying, rejuvenating and heating sidewalls of cracks shall provide clean, oil-free compressed air at a volume of 100 cubic feet per minute, a pressure of 120 pounds per square inch and a tem perature of 2000ºF. The lance shall be designed such that the flame does not come in contact with the pavement.
c.Hand Tools. Hand tools such as brooms, shovels, metal bars with chisel shaped ends, tamping equipment and other miscellaneous tools which may be used to accomplish this work.
d.Melting Kettle. The unit used to melt the sealant shall be a double boiler, indirect fired type with a heating capacity of 550ºF. The space between the inner and outer shells shall be filled with suitable heat transfer oil or substitute having a flash point of not less than 530ºF. The kettle shall be equipped with a satisfactory means of agitating the crack sealer at all times. This may be accomplished by continuous stirring with mechanically operated paddles and/or by a continuous circulating gear pump attached to the heating unit. The kettle must be equipped with thermostatic control calibrated between 200ºF and 550ºF with a +5ºF accuracy and a temperature measuring device located such that the Engineer may safely check the temperature of the sealant material.
e.Wand Applicator. The wand applicator shall be capable of applying the sealant to the specified width. It shall be connected to the holding tank through a heated applicator hose that ensures operator safety and allows operator control of material flow. A device shall be mounted to bypass material into a holding tank should the applicator nozzle shut off.
f.Squeegee. Industrial type to shape the surficial sealant material into a feather-edge band 2-1/2 inches wide.
408.03.2 Preparation of Surface. The crack sealing operation shall be performed only on
pavement surfaces that have been thoroughly cleaned and swept by the Contractor.
a.General. No crack sealing material shall be applied when the ambient temperature is below 40ºF or above 90ºF; nor shall it be applied in wet weather, when the pavement is wet, or when frost, snow, or ice is presen t. If such conditions are present, drying of the cracked areas to be sealed with a hot compressed air lance may be performed with the approval of the Engineer. Care shall be taken so as not to damage traffic loops.
b.Cleaning. All cracks to be sealed shall be thor oughly cleaned with a hot compressed air lance. Cleaning shall remove all moisture, dirt, foreign material and loose edges.
c.Debris Removal. All loose material and debris evacuated from the cracks shall be immediately removed from the pavement surf ace by means of mechanical sweepers or hand brooms. 4−41408.03.3 Sealing of Cracks
a.Cracks Under 1/16-Inch in Width shall not be sealed.
b.Cracks 1/16-Inch to Less than One Inch in Width.
1.Preparation of Sealer. Crack sealing material shall be heated and applied at the temperature specified by the manufacturer. The s ealant shall have the consistency of a free flowing liquid.
2.Heating of Cracks. The sealant shall be applied within three minutes of the cracks being heated with the hot air lance.
3.Installation of Sealer. All cracks shall be sealed according to the manufacturer's recommendations at the time of sealant approval, the sealant shall be well bonded to the pavement, and as specified herein. The cracks shall be comple tely filled and banded with a 2-1/2 inch width of sealant centered directly over the crack. The thickness (i.e., projection above the pavement profile) of the middle portion of the sealant band shall be between 1/16 and 3/16 inches. The band shall be feathered so its edges are flush with the pavement. More than one application of sealant may be necessary where the sealant has sunk into the crack, leaving a crevice. A squeegee may be required to obtain the sealant profile. There shall be no defects, including any formation of voids or entrapped air. Blotter material shall be spread over the hot sealant to prevent lifting and tracking. Corrections of these deficiencies or other unsatisfactory work unacceptable to the Engineer shall be at no additional cost to the state.
c.Cracks One Inch and Over in Width.
1.Preparation of Sealer. Preparation shall follow the procedures Subsection
408.03 3, Para. b.1 above.
2.Heating of Cracks. Cracks shall be filled and sealed within three minutes after being heated with the hot air lance.
3.Filling of the Cracks. All cracks of sufficient depth shall first be coated with sealant material on all contact surfaces, filled with Class I-2 bituminous mixture or high performance cold patch, compacted by rolling and tamping, and sealed in accordance with the provisions of Subsection 408.03.3, Para. b.3 above with two or more adjacent passes of the wand.
d.Alligator Cracks.
1.Preparation of Sealer. Preparation shall follow the procedures of Subsection 408.03.3, Para. b.1 above.
2.Heating of Cracks. Cracks on the perimeter or boundary of the alligator cracked area shall be treated in accordance with the provisions of Subsection 408.03.3, Para. b.2 above.
3.Installation of Sealer. The cracks on the perimeter or boundary of the alligator cracked area shall be completely filled and banded with a 2-1/2 inch width of sealant in accordance with the provisions of Subsection 408.03.3, Para. b.3 above. There shall be no treatment of the alligator cracks within the boundary. 4−42 408.04 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT.
408.04.1 Cracks Less than One Inch in Width. "Cleaning and Sealing Cracks in Bituminous
Pavement: Cracks Less than One Inch in Width" w ill be measured by the number of linear feet of cracks actually sealed in accordance with this contract and/or as directed by the Engineer.
408.04.2 Cracks One Inch and Over in Width. "Cleaning and Sealing Cracks in Bituminous
Pavement: Cracks One Inch and Over in Width" w ill be measured by the number of linear feet of cracks actually sealed in accordance with this contract and/or as directed by the Engineer.
408.04.3 Alligator Cracks. There will be no separate measurement for this item, however
"Cleaning and Sealing Cracks in Bituminous Pavem ent: Alligator Cracks" will be measured by the number of linear feet of cracks actually sealed in accordance with this contract and/or as directed by the Engineer and included in the measurement under Section 408.04.1 above.
408.05 Basis of Payment.
408.05.1 Cracks Less than One Inch in Width. The accepted quantity of "Cleaning and Sealing
Cracks in Bituminous Concrete Pavement: Cracks 1/ 16-Inch to less than One Inch in Width" will be paid for at the contract unit price per linear foot as listed in the Proposal. The price so-stated constitutes full and complete compensation for furnishing and applying all materials; labor, equipment, tools; cleaning of cracks and debris removal; maintenance and protection of traffic, including but not limited to trucks (with Truck Mounted Attenuators, Flashing Arrow Boards and Variable Message Signs), temporary construction si gns, and any incidentals necessary to complete the work in accordance with the contract and to t he satisfaction of the Engineer. Initial sweeping of the pavement will be paid for separately.
408.05.2 Cracks One Inch and Over in Width. The accepted quantity of "Cleaning and Sealing
Cracks in Bituminous Concrete Pavement: Cracks One Inch and Over in Width" will be paid for at the contract unit price per linear foot as listed in the Proposal. The price so-stated constitutes full and complete compensation for furnishing and applying all materials; labor, equipment, tools; cleaning of cracks and debris removal; maintenance and protection of traffic, including but not limited to trucks (with Truck Mounted Attenuators, Flashing Arrow Boards and Variable Message Signs), temporary construction signs, and any incidentals necessary to complete the work in accordance with the contract and to the satisfaction of the Engineer. Initial sweeping of the pavement will be paid for separately.
408.05.3 Alligator Cracks. There will be no separate payment for this item. The accepted quantity
of "Cleaning and Sealing Cracks in Bituminous Pavement: Alligator Cracks" will be paid for at the contract unit price per linear foot as listed in the Proposal under the provisions of Subsection
408.05.1 above . The price so-stated constitutes full and complete compensati on for furnishing and
applying all materials; labor, equipment, tools; cleaning of cracks and debris removal; maintenance and protection of traffic, including but not limited to trucks (with Truck Mounted Attenuators, Flashing Arrow Boards and Variable Message Si gns), temporary construction signs, and any incidentals necessary to complete the work in accordance with the contract and to the satisfaction of the Engineer. 4−43SECTION 409 SAWING AND SEALING TRANSVERSE JOINTS IN BITUMINOUS CONCRETE PAVEMENTS OVER RIGID BASE 409.01 DESCRIPTION. This work consists of making a saw cut transversely across the finished bituminous surface pavement and filling it with a hot poured asphalt rubber compound at the locations indicated on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer, all in accordance with these Specifications. 409.02 MATERIALS. Poured joint seal material shall be an asphalt rubber compound of the hot poured type conforming to AASHTO M173 and approved by the Engineer.
409.03 Construction Methods.
409.03.1 Equipment. The equipment to be used shall conform to the applicable requirements of
Subsection 408.03.1 , with the following exceptions:
a.Router. A router will not be required.
b.Power Saw and Blades. Saw and blades of such size and configuration that saw cuts can be made with one pass, and shall not cause damage or ravelling to the adjacent pavement sidewalls. 409.03.2 Operation.
a.General. The cut shall be made directly over the existing underpavement's transverse joints. The existing joints shall be located and marked so as to ensure that the saw cuts are made directly over them.
b.Sawing Joints. The joints shall be constructed no sooner than 30 days after the surface course has been applied. The saw cutting of the joints shall be made with an approved power-driven saw. The cuts shall be 3/8-inch wide by 3/4-inch deep. The saw cuts shall be made with an abrasive blade and sawn dry. The completed cuts shall extend in a straight line transversely across the pavement to the extent of the existing underpavement's transverse jo ints. Each joint to be sawed will be referenced by the Contractor. It shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to ensure that the saw cuts are constructed directly over the exis ting underpavement's transverse joints.
c.Cleaning and Sealing Joints. A sawed joint shall be air cleaned and sealed immediately after the saw cut has been made. Traffic shall not be allowed to knead together or damage the sawed joint. Each joint shall be thoroughly cleaned and dried prior to placement of the sealing compound. Any cleaning required shall be performed by blowing out all dirt, dust or deleterious matter that may have accumulated in the newly sawed joint. Sufficient air pressure shall be provided to insure thorough cleaning. The melter shall be either oil or gas-fired, and shall be of the double walled, oil bath type 4−44 with a power driven mechanical agitator and circul ation pump. The melter shall be equipped with a thermostat to maintain the sealing compound within the range of temperatures specified by the manufacturer and with a suitably mounted thermometer to indicate the temperature of the sealing compound in the melter. The melting temperature of the sealer will be furnished by the manufacturer, and shall not be exceeded by more than 10 OF. The joint seal shall be applied with a pressurized mobile carriage and rubber shoe and the system shall have a flow control valve which allows all cracks to be filled to refusal so as to eliminate all voids or entrapped air and so as to not leave unnecessary surplus crack sealer on the pavement surface. The hot seal shall completely fill the joint, such that, after cooling, the level of the sealer will be flush with the pavement surface. Any depression in the seal shall be brought up to the specified limit by the further addition of hot seal. Care shall be taken in the sealing of the joints such that the final appearance will present a neat fine line. Overfilling of the joints will not be allowed, and spillage of the sealer should be avoided. All workmanship shall be of the highest quality, and all excess or spilled sealer must be removed from the pavement by approved methods and discarded. 409.04 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT. "Sawing and Sealing Transverse Joints in Bituminous Concrete Pavement" will be measured by the number of linear feet of sealed joint actually installed in accordance with the Plans and/or as directed by the Engineer. 409.05 BASIS OF PAYMENT. The accepted quantity of "Sawing and Sealing Transverse Joints in Bituminous Concrete Pavement" will be paid for at the contract unit price per linear foot as listed in the Proposal. The price so-stated constitutes full and complete compensation for all labor, materials and equipment, and for all incidentals requir ed to finish the work , complete and accepted by the Engineer. SECTION 410 TEMPORARY PATCHING OF POTHOLES AND TRENCHES
410.01 DESCRIPTION . This work consists of repairing roadway potholes and patching utility and
drainage trenches during the construc tion of the roadway at locations indicated on the Plans and/or as directed by the Engineer and/or as necessary to maintain a safe and passable transportation facility, all in accordance with applicable specifications. 410.02 MATERIALS. The temporary patching material shall conform to the requirements for Class 4.75 or Class 9.5 hot mix asphalt as required, or High Performance Cold Patching Material, as set forth in Subsection M.03.04 of these Specifications.
410.03 Construction Methods.
410.03.1 Potholes. The Contractor shall repair all potholes within the project limits, regardless of
the cause for, or tenure of the pothole, commencing ten calendar days following the official notice to
Source: Rhode Island Standard Specifications (Bluebook), 2024 Edition. Pages 217–222 of 826.