8−79b. Subsection M.05.02.1, Wire Fabric.
c.Subsection M.05.02.2, Spiral Wire.
d.Subsection M.05.05, Galvanized Reinforcement.
810.03 Construction Methods.
810.03.1 Bar Schedules and Bending Diagrams. The Contractor shall prepare and submit
complete bar schedules and bending diagrams, including material weights for all reinforcing steel on the project. Fabrication of the reinforcing steel shall not commence until written approval of the submittals has been granted by the Engineer. The Contractor is solely responsible for the accuracy of the schedules and diagrams.
810.03.2 Test Bars. The Contractor shall include extra bars for field sampling, for supplementary
analyses; and for weight, tensile and bending tests, as required by the Engineer. In general, one bar size of a length sufficient for two separate 36-inch samples will be randomly selected by the Engineer for testing. The Contractor shall provide samples when and as directed by the Engineer. If tests results do not conform to previous reports or to the minimum requirements of tensile and bending properties, those portions of the shipments affected will be rejected. However, the Contractor will be entitled to two additional tests of other bars in the same lot for each failed test, and if the average of all samples tested from the lot is acceptable, the material will be accepted. Any material unsuitable for use because of inaccuracies in bending, or other properties which render it unfit will be rejected. The weight of test specimens shall be primarily used in calculations to determine the effective area for tensile tests. If the weight of test specimens exceeds the permissible lot variation from theoretical weights as specified in ASTM A615, sufficient material will be weighed to produce a reliable determination of effective area. The Contractor shall provide for the required handling without extra compensation. 810.03.3 Fabrication and Delivery.
a.Bending. Bent bar reinforcement shall be cut and cold bent to the shapes shown on the Plans. Fabrication tolerances shall be in accordance with ACI 315-92, “Detailing Manual.” Bars partially embedded in concrete shall not be field bent except as shown on the Plans or as indicated elsewhere within this specification.
b.Hooks and Bend Dimensions . The dimensions of hooks and the diameters of bends shall be in accordance with the latest edition of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications or ACI 318/318R-95, "Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete."
c.Identification. Bar reinforcement shall be shipped in standard bundles, tagged and marked in accordance with the Manual of Standard Practice of the Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute (CRSI).
810.03.4 Handling, Storage, and Surface Condition of Reinforcement
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a.Uncoated Bars. All reinforcement bar, wire, or fabric when unloaded at the site shall be stored above the ground on sills, blocking, or other supports and shall be protected from mechanical injury or corrosion causing conditions. Immediately prior to placement of concrete, all reinforcement shall be free from dirt, loose rust or scale, mortar, paint, grease, oil, and other materials that would reduce bond. Rusted areas must be thoroughly hand-wire brushed just prior to installation. After hand-wire brushing, remaining rusted areas will be acceptable provided the minimu m dimensions, cross sect ional area, and tensile properties meet the physical requirements for the size and grade of steel specified.
b.Galvanized Bars. In addition to the above requirements for uncoated bars, the following apply for galvanized bars: All systems for handling galvanized bars shall have padded contact areas for the bars wherever possible. All bundling bands shall be padded and all bundles shall be lifted with a strongback, multiple supports, or a platform bridge to prevent bar to bar abrasion from sags in the bar bundle. The bars or bundles shall not be dropped or dragged. Galvanized bars shall not be exposed outdoors for more than 2 months, or less if the initial presence of white oxide begins to form on the galvanized bars, unless these bars are protected per AASHTO M 284. Exposure time shall include storage time and any additional time for those sections of bars left exposed after casting.
810.03.5 Placing and Fastening.
a.Uncoated Bars.
1.General. Prior to ordering bar reinforcement, the Contractor shall carefully check all bar lists and assume full responsibility for their accuracy. All steel reinforcement shall be accurately placed in the positions shown on the Plans and firm ly held in place during the placing and setting of concrete. When placed in the work reinforcement shall be free from dirt, rust, loose mill scale, paint, oil and other foreign deleterious materials.
2.Spacing and Cover. The spacing and cover of reinforcement shall be as indicated on the plans.
3.Support Systems. All bars shall be maintained the correct distance from the forms by means of blocks, hangers, chairs or other approved devices. The use of pieces of stone, brick, wood or metal pipe is not permitted. If required, precast concrete blocks placed with the small face down may be used. All metallic support systems shall have a protective coating for corrosion protection. For metallic support hardware resting against formwork, plastic tips shall be provided.
4.Fastening. Before the concrete is placed, all reinforcement shall be securely fastened together and supported with approved chairs or other approved devices. The chairs shall be properly sized and spaced to provide the specified minimum concrete clear cover. Bars shall be securely tied with wire at all intersections around the perimeter of each mat and within the interior at not less than 2.0-ft centers or at every intersection, whichever is greater. Bundles bars shall be tied 8−81together at not more than 6.0-ft centers. In any case, there shall be a sufficient number of intersections tied to prevent any movement of the mat or loose bars to the satisfaction of the Engineer. All metallic wire ties and miscellaneous metallic hardware used for placement of reinforcing shall be plastic coated. For metallic hardware resting against formwork, plastic tips shall be provided. All reinforcement shall be placed and tied, inspected and approved by the Engineer before placement of concrete commences.
5.Splicing Reinforcing Steel. All reinforcement bars shall be furnished in full lengths as indicated on the Plans. Splicing of bars and wire fabric reinforcing, except where so indicated, is not permitted without the written approval of the Engineer. Splices shall be staggered as far as possible. Splices shall not reduce the concrete clear cover. In addition to the above, the following shall also apply:
a.Lap Splices . Lap splices shall be of the lengths specified on the plans. Lap splices shall not be used for bar sizes larger than No. 11. Mechanical splices shall be used for splices of bars greater than No. 11. If lap lengths are not specified on the plans, the length of each lap splice shall be in accordance with the applicable articles of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications for tension or compression splices. Lap splices shall be made by placing the bars in contact and wiring them together for the full lap length of the splice. Lap splices are not allowed in certain specific locations as described in the plans.
b.Mechanical Splices . Mechanical splices shall be used if shown on the plans or approved in writing by the Engineer. For bars greater than No. 11, mechanical splices shall be used unless otherwise noted on the plans. Such mechanical splices shall develop in tension or compression, as required, at least 125 percent of the specified yield strength of the bar being spliced. Mechanical splices shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
c.Welds. Welds are not permitted unless indicated on the Plans or authorized in writing by the Engineer. Where welding is indicated it shall conform to the applicable requirements of ANSI/AWS D1.4, Structural Welding Code-Reinforcing Steel.
d.Wire Fabric. Wire fabric of the various sizes shown shall be cut to the required dimensions and placed where indicated on the Plans. Sheets of welded wire fabric shall be spliced by overlapping each other sufficient ly to maintain a uniform strength and shall be securely fastened at the ends and edges. The edge lap shall not be less than one mesh in width plus 2 inches.
b.Galvanized Bars. In addition to the applicable provisions of Subsection 810.03.5(a) above, the following apply to galvanized bars:
1.Field Bending. Galvanized bars shall not be bent in the field more than 10 degrees, regardless of the diameter of the bend. Where field bending of galvanized reinforcing bars in excess of this limitation is indicated on the Plans or allowed by the Engineer, these bars shall be touched-up after field bending with a zinc rich primer, in accordance with Section 810.03.5(b)(5).
2.Splices. 8−82
a.Lap Splices. Splices for bar sizes No. 11, or smaller, shall be made by either a lap splice or mechanical splice.
b.Mechanical Splices. Mechanical splices are required for bars larger than No. 11. These splices shall be galvanized.
c.Welds. Prior to welding of reinforcing fabric, the galvanized coating shall be removed for the length of the bar to be welded plus six inches on each side of the weld. After welding, all slag, weld spatter, and other foreign material s hall be removed and the spliced area shall be cleaned and re-galvanized in accordance with the field repair procedure described in Section 810.03.5(b)(5).
3.Placement. Prior to placing galvanized reinforcement, all grease, dirt, mortar, and any other foreign substance must be removed from the bars. Galvanized reinforcement shall be placed in the position indicated in the contract documents and within ACI tolerances.
4.Hazardous Materials . The Contractor's operations shall conform with all OSHA regulations that apply to working with zinc based materials. Contractor's operations which may be affected by these regulations include, but are not limited to, welding splices and coating repair.
5.Field Repair. The Contractor shall field-repair damage to the galvanized coating done during shipping and handling, and replace bars that are not field repairable as described herein. Repairable damage is defined as any bare or loose spots, or breaks in the coating which affects an area smaller than one square inch. Field repair will be allowed only when the tota l number of repairable damaged areas in a 10- foot length of bar is less than 6. Material with a total number of damaged areas greater than the amount specified above, or material with a damaged area greater than one square inch, will be rejected and shall be immediately removed from the work site and replaced by the Contractor at no cost to the State. The galvanized coating shall be repaired with a zinc-rich paint by the following method: (a) Clean the damaged area by power disk, wire brus hing, sand or grit blasting, or any other suitable method approved by the Engineer to a near-white metal condition in accordance with SSPC-SP10 (1 to 2 mil anchor pattern), as a minimum. The surface shall also be clean, dry and free of oil, grease, flux residue, corrosion products, and any other foreign substance.
b.Using a minimum of two coats, and the methods recommended by the manufacturer of the zinc-rich paint, spray or brush apply the zinc-rich paint to the area in a manner to achieve the applicable ASTM adherence and quality requirements of the original coating, and a minimum dry film thickness of 4 mils. Paint shall be applied immediately after surface preparation is complete.
c.If the reinforcing bar needs to be cut in the field, prior to application of the zinc-rich paint, the end shall be ground smooth and the edge chamfered to ensure a uniform thickness of paint.
d.These repair procedures are only allowed for field repairs. These procedures are not allowed for shop repairs. All repairs shall be made at no cost to the State.
810.03.6 Drill and Grout Reinforcing Dowels. Provisions for drilling and grouting dowels are set
forth in SECTION 819 of these Specifications and the applicable sections above. 8−83
810.04 Method of Measurement.
810.04.1 Bar Reinforcement and Spiral Wire. "Bar Reinforcement" and "Spiral Wire", both plain and deformed and galvanized and uncoated, will be measured by the total number of pounds of each type actually placed in accordance with the Plans and/or as directed by the Engineer. The weight of plain or deformed bars will be computed using the unit weights indicated in the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications. The weight of clips, ties, separators, chairs, mechanical splices, or other material used for fastening the reinforcing in place shall not be included for payment. No allowance will be made for the weight of the galvanizing in computing the weight of
galvanized bar reinforcement. 810.04.2 Wire Fabric Reinforcement. "Welded Wire Fabric Reinforcement," galvanized and uncoated, will be measured by the number of square f eet actually installed in accordance with the Plans and/or as directed by the Engineer. Galvanized coating of fabric reinforcement will not be measured separately for payment. 810.05 BASIS OF PAYMENT.
810.05.1 Bar Reinforcement and Spiral Wire. The accepted quantities of "Bar Reinforcement"
and "Spiral Wire" will be paid for at their respective contract unit prices per pound as listed in the Proposal. The prices so-stated constitute full and complete compensation for all labor, materials, equipment and incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted by the Engineer. 810.05.2 Wire Fabric Reinforcement. The accepted quantities of "Wire Fabric Reinforcement" will be paid for at their respective contract unit prices per square foot as listed in the Proposal. The prices so-stated constitute full and complete compensation for all labor, materials, equipment and incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted by the Engineer. SECTION 811 WEEP HOLES, PAVEMENT SUBDRAINS AND WALL DRAINS
811.01 DESCRIPTION. This work consists of the provision of weep holes through abutments and
walls; pavement subdrains through bridge decks; and wall drains behind abutments and walls, at the locations indicated on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer, all in accordance with these Specifications. 811.02 MATERIALS.
811.02.1 Weep Holes. Unless otherwise specified, weep holes shall be 4 inches in diameter,
Schedule 40 polyvinylchloride (PVC) pipe. 811.02.2 Pavement Subdrains. Unless otherwise specified in the Special Provisions, pavement
Source: Rhode Island Standard Specifications (Bluebook), 2024 Edition. Pages 413–417 of 826.