6−53investigation shall be conducted by a licensed Rhode Island Professional Engineer, and shall present crack repair options for approval by the Engineer in accordance with Subsection 607.05.4 . The Contractor shall remove all equipment and materials from the mass concrete element and clean the surface for the Engineer to verify the Contractor’s measurements of the crack intensity. The Contractor shall provide safe access for the Engineer’s inspection, at no additional cost to the State. At the discretion of the Engineer, repair or removal and replacement of the rejected placement may be required of the Contractor. If requi red, repair, or removal and replacement of the rejected placement shall be performed at no additional cost to the State. At the discretion of the Engineer, the Contractor shall be required to submit a revised Mass Concrete General Temperature Control Plan to address any deficiencies identified by the investigation, at no additional cost to the State. Subsequent mass concrete placements shall not resume without written approval by the Engineer. There shall be no claims for additional payment by the Contractor, nor will there be an extension of the project Completion Dates for any corrective actions required as a result of the rejected concrete and subsequent corrective measures to address any deficiencies identified by the investigation.
607.05.4 Crack Repairs. Cracking determined to be due to thermal issues shall be repaired by
approved methods. Determination of when cracking is caused by thermal issues will be solely by the Engineer. No repairs shall begin until the Engineer has approved the repair plan. In case of thermal cracking, the Contractor shall suspend further work on members of similar size and configuration, submit a written explanation of the thermal cracking and additional steps to be taken to eliminate future thermal cracking, and submit proposed modifications in writing to the Engineer for review. Concrete placement may not resume until the Engineer approves the proposed modifications.
607.06 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT. "Mass Concrete" will not be measured for payment.
607.07 BASIS OF PAYMENT. No separate payment will be made for this item. Compliance with the
above requirements shall be considered incidental to placement of mass concrete. Costs for this item shall be included in the bid prices of the appropriate items as listed in the Proposal. 7−1 PART 700 DRAINAGE AND SELECTED UTILITY ACCESSORIES SECTION 701 CULVERTS AND STORM DRAINS
701.01 DESCRIPTION. This work consists of the construction or reconstruction of culverts and
storm drains in reasonably close conformity with the dimensions and details indicated on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer, all in accordance with these Specifications. 701.02 MATERIALS. 701.02.1 Non-Metallic Pipe. Concrete, Clay, Fiber, Vitrified Clay, Vitrified Clay Lined Concrete, and Plastic Pipe shall conform to applicable requirements of Subsection M.04.01 of these Specifications.
a.Smooth Interior Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe and Smooth Interior Corrugated Polypropylene Pipe . Pipe, couplings and fittings for polyethylene pipe shall conform to the applicable requirements of AASHTO M294 and ASTM F2306. Pipe, couplings and fittings for polyproplyene pipe shall conform to the applicable requirements of AASHTO M330 and ASTM F2881. The following provisions shall also apply:
1.The pipe shall be Type S, meet the requirements of the AASHTO NTPEP Quality Audit Program for High Density Polyethylene Pipe and polypropylene pipe, and shall be included in the Department’s Approved Materials List.
2.The basic materials shall be virgin or cleaned, reworked polyethylene or polypropylene compounds. No recycled materials shall be used.
3.All joints shall be watertight in accordance with ASTM D3212, and shall be sealed with elastomeric gaskets that conform to ASTM F477. 701.02.2 Metal Pipe. Ductile Iron Pipe and Corrugated Metal Pipe of various types and configurations shall conform to the applicable requirements of Subsection M.04.02 of these Specifications.
701.02.3 Flared End Sections. Concrete flared end sections shall be manufactured according to
the details indicated on the Plans. Concrete shall be Class X(AE) and shall otherwise conform to the applicable requirements of SECTION 601; PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE of these Specifications. Metal flared end sections shall conform to the requirements of SECTION M.04; DRAINAGE .
701.02.4 Inspection of Pipe Materials and Manufacturing Plants. Pipe and pipe materials shall
meet the requirements of SECTION M.04 . Manufacturing plants shall be required to submit a quality control plan for review and approval by the Engineer. 7−2 When the location of a plant permits, said plant shall be inspected by the Engineer for compliance with the approved quality control plan and these Specifications. When the plant location does not permit inspection by the Engineer, pipe materials shall be accepted on the basis of notarized Certificates of Compliance including all the above requirements. 701.02.5 Bedding Materials.
a.Class A Bedding consists of Class B(AE) plain Portland cement concrete that conforms to the applicable requirements of SECTION 601 of these Specifications.
b.Class B Bedding consists of Gravel Borrow that conforms to the applicable requirements of Subsection M.01.04 of these Specifications.
c.Class C Bedding consists of crushed stone or crushed or screened gravel that conforms to the applicable requirements of Subsection M.01.04 of these Specifications.
701.02.6 Portland Cement Mortar. Mortar shall conform to the requirements of Subsection
M.04.03.5 of these Specifications.
701.03 CONSTRUCTION METHODS. 701.03.1 Layout. The engineering layout, whether furnished by the State or the Contractor, shall
consist of offset staking of the proposed trench every 50 feet or less from structure to structure. Field conditions may require exceptions as to the distance between stakes. Stakes will be marked with stationing on the pipe line side of the stake parallel to the installation, offset distance on the side opposite the pipe line and depth of cut marked on the side facing the open trench. This information shall be transferred to transverse batter boards every 50 feet with line and grade clearly marked and target set, all as directed by the Engineer. The Contractor, at his option, may perform pi pe layout using the laser beam method. When site conditions preclude the use of traditional survey methods, the Contractor shall use the laser beam method. "Grade,” for the purpose of this Section, shall be defined as the designed invert elevation of all pipelines. 701.03.2 Trench Excavation. Trenches shall be excavated in accordance with the applicable requirements of SECTION 205 of these Specifications.
701.03.3 Bedding. Pipe bedding shall conform to one of the classes specified above in
Subsection 701.02.5 .
a.Class A bedding shall consist of a continuous conc rete cradle construc ted in accordance with the details indicated on the Plans.
b.Class B and Class C bedding shall be shaped to fit the bell of the pipe to the height specified. Pipe shall be installed in compacted bedding material at least 12 inches in thickness and pre-shaped to accommodate the bell of the pipe. After the pipe has been installed, the trench shall be backfilled and compacted with bedding material to a height equal to at least one-half the 7−3diameter of the pipe or as otherwise directed by the Engineer.
701.03.4 Laying Pipe. The pipe laying shall begin at the downstream end of the pipe line. Bell or
groove ends of rigid pipe and outside circumferential laps of flexible pipe shall be placed facing upstream. Flexible pipe shall be placed with longitudinal laps or seams at the sides. Paved or partially lined pipe shall be laid so that the longitudinal centerline of the paved segment coincides with the flow line. When elliptical pipe with circular reinforcement or circular pipe with elliptical reinforcement is used, the pipe shall be installed in a position such that the manufacturer's marks designating "top" and "bottom" of the pipe shall be not more than 5 degrees from the vertical plane through the longitudinal axis of the pipe. 701.03.5 Joining Pipe. Rigid pipe may be of bell and spigot or tongue and groove design unless one type is specified. The method of joining pipe sections shall be such that the ends are fully entered and the inner surfaces are reasonably flush and even. Joints shall be made with (a) Portland cement mortar, (b) Portland cement grout, (c) rubber gaskets, (d) oakum and mortar, (e) oakum and joint compound, by a combination of these types, or any one type, as may be specified. Mortar joints shall be made with an excess of mortar to form a bead around the outside of the pipe and finished smooth on the inside to the spring line of pipe larger than 30 inches. For grouted joints, molds or runners shall be used to re tain the poured grout. Rubber ring gaskets shall be installed so as to form a flexible watertight seal. Where oakum is used, the joint shall be caulked with this material and then sealed with the specified material. All reinforced concrete pipe 36 inches or greater in diameter are to be installed with both rubber gaskets and a Portland cement mortar joint. When Portland cement mixtures are used, the completed joints shall be protected against rapid drying by suitable covering material. Ductile iron pipe shall be firmly joined in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer. Flexible pipe shall be firmly joined by c oupling bands as recommended by the manufacturer and approved by the Engineer. Plastic pipe shall be firmly joined by plastic sleeve couplings, welded to the pipe by the application of an appropriate adhesive as reco mmended by the manufacturer and approved by the Engineer. Pipe shall be inspected before any backfill is placed. Any pipe determined by the Engineer to be out of alignment, unduly settled, or damaged shall be taken up and re-laid or replaced at no additional cost to the State.
701.03.6 Smooth Interior Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe and Smooth Interior Corrugated
Polypropylene Pipe. The following additional requirements apply to these classifications of pipe. 7−4
a.Limitation of Use. Polyethylene and polypropylene pipe may only be used where the top of the pipe will be at least 3 feet below the finish grade.
b.Bedding for pipe diameters less than or equal to 24” shall be Class B or Class C as defined above in Subsection 701.02.5, except that Class B shall have 100 percent pass the 3” sieve. The choice of material will be approved by the Engineer. Bedding for pipe diameters greater than 24” shall be excavatable Class I Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM), as defined in Subsection 603.01.1 of these Specifications.
c.Trench Excavation and Backfill. Trench excavation shall conform to the requirements of SECTION 205 of these Specifications.
1.Where the Engineer determines the excavation to be in an area of high water table, an approved separation filter fabric shall be placed against the bottom and sides of the excavation to completely enclose the pipe embedment material, wi th a minimum 12-inch overlap, to a minimum height of 12 inches above the top of the pipe. After the Class C pipe embedment material is placed and compacted, the filter fabric shall be lapped to completely enclose the material.
2.The trench shall be excavated to a minimum depth below the specified bottom invert of the pipe of 4 inches in soil trenches and 6 inches in rock trenches. Bedding shall be placed and compacted to a height of one inch above the specified bottom invert of the pipe. The surface of the bedding shall be shaped to fit the contour of the pipe. The pipe shall be installed and be supported or constrained to prevent its movement as the tr ench is filled and the material compacted. Bedding material shall be placed and compacted simultaneously on both sides of the pipe within the pipe zone. Hand tamping shall be used as needed to fill and compact the haunch zone of the pipe. Placement and compaction shall be simultaneous on both sides of the pipe to prevent damage to or movement of the pipe. Bedding material shall continue to be placed, in 6-inch compacted lifts, to a minimum of 12 inches above the top of the pipe (initial backfill). The final backfill shall be placed in lifts no greater than 6 inches after compaction.
3.With the approval of the Engineer, Controlled Low Strength Material, Classification I, as defined in Subsection 603.01.1 of these Specifications, may be used as pipe embedment and the remaining backfill.
d.Testing. No sooner than 30 days after the completion of the compaction of the backfill, the Contractor, under the direction of the Engineer, shall conduct mandrel testing or hand measurement of the pipe. Testing may be required for up to 25 percent of the total length of pipe. The Engineer shall determine the actual sections of pipe to be tested. Mandrel testing shall be conducted for pipe diameters of 24-inches and less. The mandrel shall be rigid steel, with a pulling ring at each end, an odd number of legs (9 legs minimum), and an effective diameter at least 95 percent of the base inside diameter. (The base inside diameter is the nominal pipe size less a 1.5 percent fabrication tolerance.) Any pipe through which the mandrel fails to pass shall be removed and a replacement pipe installed by the Contractor. Mandrel testing or hand measurement shall be conducted for diameters greater than 24- inches up to and including 36-inch diameter pipe. Hand measurement of deflection shall be conducted for pipe diameters greater than 36- inches. Hand measurement shall be conducted every five (5) linear feet of a selected length of pipe. Minimum diameter measurements are shown in the table below and are based upon 5 7−5percent maximum deflection and 1.5 percent manufacture fabrication tolerance. Nominal Pipe Diameter Allowable Deflected Diameter 27” 25.26” 30” 28.07” 36” 33.69” 42” 39.30” 48” 44.92” 54” 50.53” 60” 56.15” Removed pipe may be reused as the replacement pipe only when it is deemed by the Engineer to be undamaged. Otherwise, the removed pipe shall be removed from the work site by the Contractor. All costs associated with m andrel or hand measurement testing, including the replacement of deflected pipe and any delays that ar e incurred shall be borne by the Contractor at no additional cost the State.
701.03.7 Backfilling. After the pipe is installed, the trench shall be backfilled with material in
accordance with the applicable requirements of SECTION 205; TRENCH EXCAVATION, of these Specifications. When the top of the pipe is exposed above the t op of the trench, embankment material shall be placed and compacted for a distance on each side of the pipe equal to at least twice the horizontal inside diameter of the pipe or 12 feet, whichever is less, and to a minimum height of 3 feet above the pipe. This material shall be placed and compacted simultaneously on both sides of the pipe for the full width of the roadbed all in accordance with the requirements of SECTION 205 . Construction traffic over the pipe shall not be allowed until 3 feet of compacted backfill is in place over the pipe. Above this elevation, embank ment shall be placed and compacted in accordance with Subsection 202.03.2 of these Specifications.
701.03.8 Replacement of Unsuitable Material. When the Engineer determines that the material
at the bottom of trenches is unsuitable for the support of drainage pipes, additional excavation shall be authorized. Unsuitable material shall be removed to a depth not to exceed 3 feet, or as determined by the Engineer. When the unsuitable material has been removed, the bottom of the excavation shall be leveled and refilled with the appropriate class of bedding. Class B bedding shall be placed in 8-inch lifts and compacted to 90 percent of its maximum dry density in accordance with Subsection 205.03.5; Backfill and Compaction , of these Specifications. The final compacted lift in the r eplacement operation shall be graded to the original design elevation of the bottom of trenches. 701.03.9 Unauthorized Excavation. If the bottom of any trench has been excavated below the grade indicated on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer, it shall be brought back to grade by refilling with a well-compacted bedding material of a type selected by the Engineer. No payment will be made for unauthorized excavation. The Contractor shall furnish, place, and compact the bedding material used to refill the trench to grade at no additional cost to the State. 7−6 701.04 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT.
701.04.1 Culverts and Storm Drains. "Culverts and Storm Drains" of the various types of
materials and sizes indicated on the Plans, both new and re-laid, including “Smooth Interior Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe,” and “Smooth Inte rior Corrugated Polypropylene Pipe” will be measured in linear feet of continuous runs of such pipe actually installed in accordance with the Plans and/or as directed by the Engineer. Pi pe with sloped or skewed ends will be measured along their respective inverts. 701.04.2 Flared End Sections. "Flared End Sections" of the various types and sizes will be measured by the number of such units actually in stalled in accordance with the Plans and/or as directed by the Engineer. 701.04.3 Branch Connections and Elbows. "Branch Connections and Elbows" will be included in the length of measurement for pipe. In certain cases, branches and elbows may be measured by the number of such pieces actually installed in accordance with the Plans and/or as directed by the Engineer. For purposes of measurement, the end of pipe in closed structures shall be considered to be flush with the inside face of said structures. At masonry headwalls, the end of pipe shall be considered to be flush with the face of headwalls.
701.04.4 Bedding Material.
a."Class A, B, C and CLSM Bedding Material" will be measured by the number of cubic yards of each type of bedding actually placed. When bedding is specified and no measurement method is shown on the Plans, bedding material shall be measured within the horizontal Pay Limits specified for Trench Excavation under Subsection 205.04.2, Para. a of these Specifications and vertically from 12 inches below grade to a height of 50 percent of the diameter of the pipe excluding, however, the volume occupied by the pipe.
b.Class A, B, or C bedding material ordered placed to backfill authorized excavation of unsuitable material below grade shall be measured within the horizontal Pay Limits as referenced above and vertically to the depth of excavation authorized and directed by the Engineer. 701.05 BASIS OF PAYMENT.
701.05.1 Culverts and Storm Drains. The accepted quantities of the various types and sizes of
"Culverts and Storm Drains" indicated on the Plans will be paid for at the respective contract unit prices per linear foot as listed in the Proposal. The prices so-stated constitute full and complete compensation for all trench excavation (except for Trench Excavation-Rock, Trench Rock Excavation-Mechanical, and excavation of unsuitabl e material below grade) to a depth equal to the invert of the proposed pipes when bedding material is not required, or to a depth sufficient to receive the appropriate layer of bedding material, of w hatever class, when such material is required; for the shaping of either the bottom of the trench or the top of bedding material, whichever the case may be, to receive the bell of the pipe; for all dewatering, including pumping, draining, or bailing; for laying, setting and jointing all pipe, pipe couplings, fittings and gaskets, including connections to existing drainage structures or pipes; filter fabric; for placing and compacting backfill; for design and furnishing, placing and subsequently removing all temporary timber or steel sheeting, bracing, shoring or trench protection; for the legal disposal of all excess or unsuitable excavated materials; 7−7and for all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted by the Engineer.
a.Smooth Interior Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe and Smooth Interior Corrugated Polypropylene Pipe. The accepted quantities of the various sizes of “Smooth Interior Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe” and “Smooth Interior Corrugated Polypropylene Pipe” indicated on the Plans will be paid for at their respective contract unit prices per linear foot as listed in the Proposal. In addition to the above, the prices so-stated constitute full and complete compensation for all pipe embedment material, CLSM, buoyancy constraint, post-installation mandrel testing or hand measurement, remedial work, including all labor, equipment, tools, and all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted by the Engineer.
b.Trench Excavation-Rock, Trench Rock Excavation-Mechanical. “Trench Excavation-Rock,” “Trench Excavation-Mechanical,” and excavation of unsuitable material below grade will not be included in the contract unit prices for the various types a nd sizes of "Culverts and Storm Drains" but will be paid for separately as set forth in Subsection 205.05.2 of these Specifications.
701.05.2 Flared End Sections. The accepted quantities of the various types and sizes of "Flared
End Sections" indicated on the Plans will be paid for at the respective contract unit prices per each such unit as listed in the Proposal. The prices so -stated constitute full and complete compensation for all labor, materials, and equipment for furnishing and placing said units and for all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted by the Engineer. 701.05.3 Branch Connections and Elbows. When the Contract Documents so-specify, the accepted quantities of "Branch Connections and Elbows" will be paid for at the respective contract unit prices per each such unit as listed in the Proposal. The prices so-stated constitute full and complete compensation for all labor, materials, and equipment for furnishing and placing said units and for all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted by the Engineer.
701.05.4 Bedding Material.
a.Class B bedding material, and all Class C and CLSM used for the installation of Smooth Interior Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe and Smooth Interior Corrugated Polypropylene Pipe will be paid for under the applicable "Culvert,” "Storm Drains,” or "Flared End Sections" Proposal items and, therefore, will not be paid for separately. The single exception relates to the replacement of unsuitable material. In this case, Class B bedding will be paid for separately as set forth in Subsection 205.05.5 of these Specifications.
b.The accepted quantities of "Class A Bedding" (plain concrete) and "Class C Bedding" (crushed stone or gravel) will be paid for at the respective contract unit prices per cubic yard as listed in the Proposal. The prices so-stated consti tute full and complete co mpensation for all labor, materials and equipment for providing such bedding ma terial(s) and for incidental s required to finish the work, complete and accepted by the Engineer. 7−8 SECTION 702 MANHOLES, INLETS AND CATCH BASINS
702.01 DESCRIPTION. This work consists of the construction, of manholes, inlets, and catch
basins in reasonably close conformity with the dimensions and details indicated on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer, all in accordance with these Specifications.
702.02 Materials .
702.02.1 Masonry Unit Construction.
a.General . Clay Brick, Concrete Masonry Units, Lime, Mortar, Frames, Grates, Covers, and Ladder Rungs shall conform to the applicable requirements of Subsection M.04.03 of these Specifications.
b.Gravel Borrow. Gravel Borrow shall conform to the requirements of Subsection
M.01.02 of these Specifications.
c.Concrete. Concrete for these structures shall conform to the applicable requirements of SECTION 601; PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE, of these Specifications.
d.Reinforcing. Reinforcing bars shall conform to the requirements of Subsection
M.05.01; Bar Reinforcement , of these Specifications. Wire Fabric reinforcing shall conform to the applicable requirements of Subsection
M.05.02.1; Wire Fabric , of these Specifications.
e.Inspection of Materials. All materials used in the construction of drainage structures shall be subject to acceptance testing by the Engineer. The Contractor shall provide sufficient time for the Engineer to test and inspect said materials prior to their respective incorporation into the work. 702.02.2 Precast Concrete Construction.
a.General. Precast concrete drainage structures will be considered acceptable alternatives to the corresponding masonry unit structures when the latter are specified in the Contract Documents.
b.Precast Concrete Structures shall conform to the applicable requirements of SECTIONS 601 and 809; PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE and PRECAST/PRE-STRESSED STRUCTURE CONCRETE MASONRY , respectively, of these Specifications.
c.Precast Concrete Catch Basins and Manholes shall be designed and manufactured in accordance with ASTM C478; “Precast Concrete M anhole Sections,” with t he additional stipulation that the concrete mix design shall be Class XX as set forth in SECTION 601 of these Specifications.
d.Other Materials. Materials and the inspection of said materials as specified under Subsection 702.02.1; Paras. a, b, d, and e of this Section shall apply equally to precast concrete
Source: Rhode Island Standard Specifications (Bluebook), 2024 Edition. Pages 305–314 of 826.