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EARTHWORK

204CLASS 2, CLASS 3, CLASS 4, AND EXISTING DITCH CLEANING EXCAVATION

PA · 2026 Standard Specifications✓ Full text on BuildSpecBook pages 147–0 Save this section

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EXCAVATION

204.1DESCRIPTION—This work is the cleaning of existing ditches and the excavation for ditches, stream

channels, culverts, drains, utilities, and structures. The four classes of excavation include the following, as shown on the Standard Drawings or as indicated.

(a)Class 2 Excavation. Excavation for inlet, outlet, and parallel ditches; stream channels; structures

removed below the ground surface and not replaced with new structures; spillways; and half -circle pipe.

(b)Class 3 Excavation. Excavation for new grade separation and drainage structures, new retaining

walls, abutments, piers, and wingwalls.

(c)Class 4 Excavation. Excavation for pipe culverts; pipe -arches; metal plate pipe; metal plate pipe -

arches; standard endwalls for pipe culverts and pipe -arches; utilities; and excavation in excess of the standard depth for pavement base drains, pipe underdrains, subsurface drain outlets, and subgrade drains.

(d)Cleaning Existing Ditches Excavation. Removal and disposal of all soil and organic material in

existing ditches.

204.3CONSTRUCTION—

(a)Foundations. Notify the Representative 2 weeks in advance of excavation for structures so that

cross-sections may be obtained. Excavate to a depth that provides a satisfactory foundation, as directed. Do not disturb the foundation area to the extent that it requires removal of additional material to provide a satisfactory bearing. Compact direct load bearing foundation to the original bearing capacity as specified in Section 206.3(b). Do not place concrete or masonry until the foundation area has been accepted.

(b)Drilling and Blasting. Drill and blast to complete the excavation to the required lines, with the least

disturbance to remaining material. Do not blast within 5 feet of the foundation bearing elevation. Remove remaining rock to bearing elevation using mechanical means.

(c)Bracing and Shoring. Section 203.3(h)
(d)Cofferdams. Drive timber or metal sheeting to a depth below the bottom of foundation, substantially

braced in all directions to form a cofferdam, when required, allowing the foundation area to be pumped reasonably free of water while concrete or masonry is being placed. The Representative may require the cofferdam to be sealed below the foundation with sufficient concrete so that it may be pumped reasonably dry where the foundation area is of sandy or other porous materials. Remove sheeting and bracing when no longer required, unless otherwise indicated or directed.

(e)Backfilling. Backfill spaces excavated for, but not occupied by, structures with acceptable material

as specified in Section 206.3(b).

(f)Ditch and Stream Channel Slopes. Trim slopes neatly to the lines indicated. Do not remove or

excavate any material beyond lines indicated, without written authorization from the Representative.

(g)Topsoil. Dispose of or utilize topsoil removed in Class 2 Excavation as specified in Section 203.3(g)
(h)Suitable Material Required for Embankment and Backfill. Section 203.3(j)
(i)Unsuitable and Surplus Material. Section 203.3(k)
(j)Cleaning Existing Ditches Excavation. Remove and satisfactorily dispose of all soil and organic

matter from within the limits of the existing ditch and side slopes as indicated or directed and as specified

in Section 204.3(f).

(k)Excavation for Utility Construction . Excavate trench sufficiently true in alignment to allow the

utility facility to be laid in the approximate center of the trench. Excavate unsuitable material to width and depth as directed. Excavate rock six inches below bottom of trench.

204.4MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT—

(a)Class 2, Class 3, and Class 4 Excavation. Cubic Yard

Measured, using the methods specified in Section 203.4(a)2, for the class of excavation indicated. When directed to perform excavation below the indicated structure foundation elevation, the Department will pay for excavation as additional work, as specified in Section 110.03(b), to a maximum depth of 2 feet, and as extra work, as specified in Section 110.03(c), beyond a depth of 2 feet. When directed to perform excavation in rock below utility trench design elevations, the Department will pay for the excavation and backfill as specified in Section 110.03(c), to a maximum depth of 6 inches. When directed to perform utility trench excavation of unsuitable material , the Department will pay for the excavation as specified in Section 110.03(b). The Department will not pay for material removed or excavated in advance of obtaining cross -sections, unless written authorization by the Representative is first obtained.

(b)Cleaning Existing Ditches Excavation. Linear Foot

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Source: Publication 408 Highway Construction Specifications, 2026 Edition. Pages 147–0 of 1,522. View official source ↗

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