684 SECTION 663 PAVEMENT MARKINGS AND RUMBLE STRIPS 663.1 -DESCRIPTION : 663.1.1 -Pavement Markings: Pavement markings shall consist of furnishing and installing various types of markings. It shall include, but is not limited to, edge lines, lane lines, center lines, channelizing lines, intersection markings, stripes, curb markings, island markings, and raised markers, or combinations thereof, in accordance with Contract plans and the following specifications or as directed by the Engineer. All details not specified or shown on the Plans shall conform to the details and requirements set forth in the following publications. These publications shall collectively be referred to as the “pavement marking standards” throughout the remainder of this Sec tion:
1.The WVDOH Standard Details Book, Vol. II, Signing, Signals, Lighting, and Marking, latest issue date
2.The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways, latest issue, as printed by the Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Departm ent of Transportation. (Referred to as the MUTCD). 663.1.2 -Rumble Strips: This work consists of cutting or milling rumble strips on the centerline or edge of roadways in accordance with the details and notes on the plans, or referenced herein, and as directed by the Engineer. Unless otherwise specified in the plans, edge line rumble strips shall be installed in accordance with sheet PVT2 of the WVDOH Standard Details Book, Vol. I, Drainage, Guardrail, Pavement, Fence, Markers and Mailbox, latest iss ue date. The Contractor shall pre -mark the location of the center of each cut, and the beginning and ending points of the sections, prior to the installation of the Rumble Strips. The Engineer shall review and approve the locations. Rumble Strips shal l not be installed on bridge decks, loop detector saw -cut locations, structures, approach slabs or in other areas identified by the Engineer. The method and equipment for constructing rumble strips shall be selected by the Contractor and shall meet the requirements of 663.5.10. Rumble Strips shall be constructed within two (2) inches of the required alignment. Rumble Strips shall not vary from the dimensions shown on the plans or sheet PVT2, as applicable, by more than 0.10 inch in depth and five p ercent (5%) in width. Finished Rumble Strips not meeting the specified tolerances shall be brought within tolerance by either abrasive grinding, or removal and replacement. The corrective method will be selected by the Engineer. Ground surface areas sha ll be neat and uniform in appearance. The corrective work shall be at the Contractor’s expense. All removed material shall become the property of the Contractor and disposed of in conformance with provisions in Section 415, “Milling of Asphalt Surfaces” of the Specifications or as approved by the Engineer. Rumble Strip slots shall be properly cleaned after installation. 685 663.2 -MATERIALS : Materials shall conform to the following Subsections of Division 700 of the Specifications: MATERIAL SUBSECTION Interim Pavement Markings, Type VIIA 715.40.3 Preformed Traffic Markings, Type V 715.40.2 Raised Pavement Markers 715.40.6 Temporary Pavement Marking Tape, Types VIIB and VIIC 715.40.4 Temporary White or Yellow Traffic Paint 711.40 White or Yellow Fast -Dry Traffic Paint, Type II 711.41 663.3 -TYPES OF PAVEMENT MARKINGS : 663.3.1 -Edge Lines: Edge lines shall be continuous or dashed, white or yellow beaded stripes, six (6) inches or eight (8) inches in width, as specified on the Plans or otherwise in the pavement marking standards. Color to be specified on the Plans. Center of stripe shall be located six (6) inches from the edge of the pavement or as otherwise specified on the Plans. Dashed edge lines shall be applied in lengths of two (2) feet, separated by gaps of six (6) feet, or as otherwise specified on the Plans. 663.3.2 -Lane Lines and Centerline: Lane lines and centerlines shall be lines between contiguous lanes of pavement. They shall be continuous, broken, or dashed, white or yellow beaded stripes six (6) inches or eight (8) inches in width, as specified on the Plans or otherwise in the pavement marking standards. Lane lines and broken centerline lines shall be applied in lengths of ten (10) f eet, separated by gaps of thirty (30) f eet. Dashed lane lines shall be applied in lengths of two (2) f eet separated by gaps of thirteen (13) f eet, or lengths of three (3) f eet separated by gaps of nine (9) f eet, as specified on the Plans or otherwise in the pavement marking standards. When applied to bituminous surfaces, the center of single stripes shall b e centered about the dividing line between the contiguous lanes. When applied to Portland cement concrete pavement, the near edge of single stripes shall be offset to the left and four (4) inches from the longitudinal joint. Double yellow centerlines shall be centered about the dividing line between the contiguous lanes, with the gap between the stripes being equal to the width of the stripes. 663.3.3 -Railroad Crossing Marking: Railroad Crossing Markings shall be white beaded markings located as shown o n the Plans or otherwise in the pavement marking standards. Dimensioning shall be in accordance with the pavement marking standards. 663.3.4 -Channelizing Lines: Channelizing lines shall be continuous white beaded stripes, eight (8) inches in width. The length of the line shall be as detailed on the Plans. 663.3.5 -Stop and Crosswalk Lines: Stop lines shall be solid white beaded lines, twelve
12.inches or twenty -four (24) inches wide, as specified on the Plans or otherwise in the pavement marking st andards. Crosswalk lines shall be solid white beaded lines, twelve (12) inches wide by six (6) feet in length. 663.3.6 -Stripes: These markings are transverse, diagonal or longitudinal white or yellow beaded lines, twelve (12) inches wide. They are used to increase the visibility of pedestrian 686 crosswalk areas and to designate neutral traffic zones formed by channelizing lines or edge lines. Location, spacing and use of these stripes shall be shown on the Plans or otherwise in the pavement marking standar ds. 663.3.7 -Curb and Island Markings: Where specified, exposed surfaces of curbs and paved islands shall be painted solid with yellow or white fast -dry traffic zone paint (Type II) and covered with glass beads. Color to be specified on the Plans. 663.3.8 -Arrows: Arrows shall be white beaded markings located as shown on the Plans or otherwise in the pavement marking standards. Dimensioning shall be in accordance with the pavement marking standards. Arrows may be one of the following:
1.One Directional Lane Assignment Arrows
2.Multi Directional Lane Assignment Arrows
3.Ramp Wrong Way Arrows
4.Lane Drop Arrows
5.Roundabout Arrow with One Arrow
6.Roundabout Arrow with Multiple Arrows 663.3.9 -Lane Letters: Lane letters shall be white beaded markings l ocated as shown on the Plans or otherwise in the pavement marking standards. Dimensioning shall be in accordance with the pavement marking standards. 663.3.10 -Raised Pavement Markers (RPM’s): RPM’s include reflective Type P -2 markers and reflective Typ e R-4 markers. The type to be installed and general placement guidelines shall be as shown on the Plans or otherwise in the pavement marking standards. 663.3.11 -Yield Triangles: Yield Triangles shall be white beaded markings located as shown on the Pla ns or otherwise in the pavement marking standards. Dimensioning shall be in accordance with the pavement marking standards. 663.3.12 -Handicapped Symbols: Handicapped symbols shall be white beaded markings located as shown on the Plans or otherwise in the pavement marking standards. Dimensioning shall be in accordance with the pavement marking standards. 663.3.13 -Bicycle Symbols: Bicycle symbols shall b e white beaded markings located as shown on the Plans or otherwise in the pavement marking standards. Dimensioning shall be in accordance with the pavement marking standards. CONSTRUCTION METHODS 663.4 -PAVEMENT PREPARATION -PREMARKING, CODING : The Contractor shall clean all debris from the surface to be marked by means of a power broom, compressed air or other mechanical mea ns to the satisfaction of the Engineer. Markings and markers shall be applied only when the surface is clean and dry and when ambient and other roadway conditions are within any specified requirements herein. If pavement markings are included in the cont ract, they shall be applied in a timely manner and in the patterns directed by the Plans or pavement marking standards. All materials shall be applied as recommended by the material manufacturer. This shall include surface pre -treatment, if required. 687 All surface cleaning, surface pre -treatment and premarking shall be performed by the Contractor prior to the installation of the proposed markings, or markers, and shall be subject to approval by the Engineer. Coding and premarking changes in traffic flow pa tterns, i.e., passing, no passing zones, is very critical and should always be approved by the Engineer. 663.5 -APPLICATION : 663.5.1 -General: The Contractor shall supply all of the marking material, equipment, and traffic control devices required for the completion of the project. The Contractor shall provide and have approved by the Division a plan for traffic control and maintenance for all phases of the marking operations. The p lan must be approved by the Division prior to the beginning of work. All traffic control plans shall be in conformance with provisions in the WVDOH publication "Manual on Temporary Traffic Control for Streets and Highways”, latest Edition. 663.5.1.1 -Interim Traffic Control, Temporary Marking, and Permanent Marking Placement Schedule: The Contractor shall adhere to specific guidelines provided herein for scheduling the placement of interim traffic control, temporary pavement markings, and permanent pavem ent markings. These guidelines are based on various factors such as facility type, ADT, and time of season. All interim, temporary, and permanent pavement markings shall be in conformance with specifications herein, the project Plans, or otherwise the pave ment marking standards. The Contractor shall be responsible for maintaining both interim traffic control signs and temporary pavement markings until such time as the permanent markings are placed or for the duration of the thirty (30) calendar day warranti ed performance period for the temporary markings, whichever is less. No separate payment will be made for maintenance of these items but shall be included in the applicable pay items for initial installation. If it becomes necessary to open the roadway t o traffic prior to the completion of the final paving course for longer than fourteen (14) calendar days, the Contractor shall install full compliance temporary pavement markings in conformance with Section 636 and the specifications herein. 663.5.1.1. 1-Interim Traffic Control Placement Schedule: Interim Traffic Control includes interim pavement markings and may also include “Do Not Pass” regulatory signs. Interim markings are markings applied to freshly resurfaced roadways between lifts and after plac ement of the final lift prior to opening the portion of the roadway being resurfaced to traffic. These markings are intended to provide the minimum amount of delineation required for safe navigation of the roadway. Interim markings shall be Type VIIA mater ial applied as described in Section 663.5.6 and shall meet the requirements of Material Section
715.40.3 All interim markings shall be installed by the end of the work day by placing the
markings as the paving operation progresses within 1000 feet of the paver. Removal of interim markings shall not be required between lifts or after placement of the subsequent markings. Payment of interim markings shall be incidental to the Paving Items. The specific interim traffic control to be placed shall be in accorda nce with the following. 663.5.1.1.1.1 -Two -Lane, Two -Way Roadways: Prior to any work which will cover the centerline, the Contractor shall install twenty -four (24) inch x thirty (30) inch “Do Not Pass” (R4 -1) signs on permanent posts at the beginning of each no passing zone throughout 688 the length of the project. These signs shall be placed at the beginning of each no passing zone and shall be repeated every 2,500 feet as required. Payment shall be made under the “Traffic Control Devices” item. To delinea te the centerline of the roadway, the Contractor shall install yellow interim markings measuring four (4) inches x four (4) inches along the centerline of the roadway on twenty (20) foot centers. 663.5.1.1.1.2 -One-Way Multilane Roadways: On all one -way multilane roadways, the Contractor shall install white interim markings measuring four (4) inches x forty -eight
48.inches along the lane line. Interim markings shall be placed on forty (40) foot c enters. 663.5.1.1.1.3 -Two -Way Three -Lane Roadways: Prior to any work which will cover the centerline and/or lane lines, the Contractor shall install twenty -four (24) inch x thirty
30.inch “Do Not Pass” (R4 -1) signs on permanent posts at the beginning of each no - passing zone throughout the length of the project as required. “Do Not Pass” signs in both directions will be required when the center lane is a two way left turn lane. These signs shall be placed at the beginning of each no -passing zone and sh all be repeated every 2 ,500 feet as required. Payment shall be made under the “Traffic Control Devices” item. The Contractor shall install interim markings measuring four (4) inches x forty -eight
48.inches. On such roadways having two thru lanes in one direction, the centerline shall be marked with two parallel yellow lines separated by a four (4) inch space placed on forty
40.foot centers. Lane lines shall be marked with white lines placed on forty (40) foot centers. On such roadways having a two way left turn lane, the center lane shall be marked on both sides with two parallel yellow lines separated by a four (4) inch space, and placed on forty (40) foot centers. 663.5.1.1.1.4 -Two -Way Four -Lane and Five -Lane Roadways: On all two -way four - lane and five-lane roadways, the Contractor shall install interim markings measuring four
4.inches x forty -eight (48) inches along the lane line and centerline where required. Centerlines shall be marked with two parallel yellow lines separated by a four (4) inc h space placed on forty (40) foot centers. On five -lane roadways these markings shall be placed on both sides of the two way left turn lane. Lane lines shall be marked with white lines placed at forty (40) foot centers. 663.5.1.1.2 -Temporary Pavement Mar king Placement Schedule: Interim markings are to be succeeded by temporary markings within a three (3) to fourteen (14) day period, based on the type of roadway and ADT, as specified herein. Temporary markings are markings, typically short -lived in nature , which supplant interim markings. Temporary markings shall be applied as specified herein and in Section 636, and shall meet the requirements of Materials Section 711.40. Payment for Temporary pavement markings shall be made under the “Temporary Pavement Marking Paint” pay item. Interim Markings shall be permitted only for a period of up to three (3) calendar days after completion of the final course. The only exception to this shall be for two -way, two - lane roadways having an ADT < 3,000, in which case f ourteen (14) Calendar Days shall be permitted after completion of the final course. Full compliance temporary centerline and edge lines in conformance with Section 636 and the specifications herein shall be installed on two -way, two -lane roadways within t he time frame specified above. Two -way three -lane, two -way four -lane, and two -way five - 689 lane roadways shall have full compliance temporary centerline, lane line, and edge lines installed in conformance with Section 636 and the specifications herein within t he time frame specified above. On one -way multilane roadways, the Contractor shall install a full compliance temporary yellow edge line after paving is first completed in the left lane and prior to the left lane being opened to traffic. Prior to the remai ning lanes being opened to traffic, the Contractor shall install a full compliance temporary white lane lines and white edge line. These markings shall be installed in conformance with Section 636 and the specifications herein. 663.5.1.1.3 -Permanent Pave ment Marking Placement Schedule: Permanent markings are the final pavement marking application within a project. Permanent markings shall be placed as specified herein and shall meet the requirements of Materials Sections 711.41, 715.40.2, 715.40.6, and/o r any other material specifications made part of the Contract. The Contractor shall be required to place full compliance permanent pavement markings within sixty (60) calendar days after the placement of temporary pavement markings. In addition, there sh all be a minimum thirty (30) calendar day period between the placement of temporary and permanent markings when the temporary markings are placed on or after April 15th and prior to November 1st. There shall be a minimum fifteen
15.calendar day period be tween the placement of temporary and permanent markings when the temporary markings are placed on or after November 1st and prior to April 15th of the following year. Full compliance markings shall consist of all centerline, lane line, channelizing line, e dge line, and intersection markings. 663.5.2 -Temporary and Permanent White or Yellow Traffic Zone Paint : Pavement marking lines shall be straight or of uniform curvature and shall conform to the tangents, curves, and transitions as specified in the Pla ns, the pavement marking standards, and/or as directed by the Engineer. The finished lines shall have well -defined edges and be free of horizontal fluctuations. The lateral deviation shall not exceed 0.5 inch from the proposed location alignment as specified herein, on the Plans, in the pavement marking standards, and/or as directed by the Engineer. When striping interchanges and intersections, material shall be applied for the full length of all ramps and the entire perimeter surrounding islands a nd gore areas. When striping at - grade intersections, yellow edge lines shall be placed completely around and shall be connected at the median ends. The Contractor shall be responsible for removing all pavement marking materials spilled upon the roadway s urface or adjoining area. The Contractor shall use methods acceptable to the Engineer for removing the spilled material. Any pavement marking which is crossed by a vehicle and tracked shall be replaced and any subsequent marking made by the vehicle shall be removed by methods acceptable to the Engineer and at no additional cost to the Department. Unless otherwise specified, the Contractor shall be responsible for coding and spotting per the Plans or otherwise the pavement marking standards. The Contract or’s coding and spotting shall be reviewed and approved by the Engineer prior to application. The Contractor will be responsible for cleaning any Raised Pavement Marker (RPM) lenses that are painted during this Contract. If the RPMs are not able to be cl eaned, the Contractor shall replace the effected RPM lenses. 690 Permanent Traffic Paint shall be Type II, White or Yellow Fast - Dry Traffic Paint as described in Materials sections 711.41, unless otherwise specified in the Contract Plans. In regards to ambi ent air temperature, the Contractor shall utilize an appropriate pavement marking material such that the ambient air temperature at the time of application is within the recommended ambient air application temperatures specified by the material manufacture r. This requirement shall apply to both temporary and permanent traffic zone paint. The Contractor shall not be granted any time extensions to the requirements for the application of temporary or permanent markings, based on ambient air temperature, when t he ambient air temperature is thirty -five degrees Fahrenheit (35°F) or above. The Contractor shall not be paid any additional monies in order to provide materials suitable for cold weather application. Whenever temporary or permanent traffic zone paint is applied at an ambient air temperature below fifty degrees Fahrenheit (50°F) , the Contractor shall provide, upon request by the WVDOH, a certification letter from the marking material manufacturer. This certification letter shall reference the project numbe r, shall identify the marking material supplied for the project, and shall state the minimum acceptable ambient air temperature for application of the material. Temporary traffic paint shall be applied at the same width as will be used for the permane nt markings. 663.5.2.1 -Approved Equipment and Personnel: The following provisions shall apply to the application of permanent traffic zone paint only: The Contractor (prior to commencement of the project) shall submit to the Engineer a detailed list o f all equipment and the resumes of all personnel within the confines of the project. The Contractor shall also provide certification from the binder manufacturer that the Contractor is qualified to apply the manufacturer's material in conformance with thes e specifications. Drivers and operators with less than one year of experience shall not be used on this project. The Contractor's striper shall be equipped with electrical foot counters. The counters shall individually tabulate the amount of footage appli ed by each striping gun whether solid or dashed. The counters shall be six digit types with a reset feature. The Contractor shall determine the accuracy of the foot counters and establish an adjustment factor as required to determine the pay item quantitie s. The foot counters shall be periodically checked to assure accurate measurements No paint shall be applied without the accurate operation of the foot counters. The Contractor shall provide the Engineer with a certified document on these calibrations. The Contractor shall use an accurate dashing mechanism, capable of being adjusted to retrace existing lane or center line markings. Glass beads applied to the surface of the completed marking material shall be applied by an automatic bead dispenser attached to the pavement marking equipment in such a manner that the beads are dispensed uniformly and almost instantly upon the marking as the marking is being applied to the road surface. The bead dispenser shall be equipped with an automatic cut -off control, sy nchronized with the cut -off of the pavement marking equipment. 663.5.2.2 -Contractor’s Warranty: The Contractor shall warranty the performance of temporary traffic zone paint for a period of thirty (30) Calendar Days after application, and shall warranty the performance of Type II permanent traffic zone paint through October 31st. If the Type II markings are placed on or after November 1st, the markings shall only be required to meet the initial performance requirements specified in the Materials Section. The required performance level of the markings are described in Section 711.41. 691 During the warranty periods, if any markings greater than 1 ,000 feet are found to be deficient for any reason, the Contractor will be given notification stating the locations and the type of deficiency. These notifications will be given at any time within the specified warranty periods for the markings. The Contrac tor shall completely replace the deficient markings, as directed by the Engineer, within twenty (20) calendar days of the written notification. Retroreflectivity and color may be checked after re -application of the pavement marking to ensure that segment m eets the minimum values specified in Section 711.41. If the Contractor does not complete the replacement of all of the deficient pavement markings by the end of the twenty (20) calendar day replacement period, and the Contract has not been finalized, the Contractor shall be subject to liquidated damages as described within Section 108.7 until replacement is completed. These liquidated damages shall not stop during the winter shut -down period. No direct payment shall be made for the replacement of any defic ient pavement marking during the warranty period as such work shall be considered as incidental to the work as paid for by the various pavement marking items in the Contract. 663.5.3 through 663.5.4 : Blank 663.5.5 -Type V Preformed Intersection Traff ic Markings: Type V preformed intersection traffic markings shall be affixed to bituminous or Portland cement concrete pavements as specified in the Contract Plans, or as otherwise specified on the pavement marking details. Care shall be taken by the Contractor to follow the installation recommendations of the material manufacturer. Preformed tapes used as Type V material are particularly sensitive to ambient air temperatures and road surface temperatures. Both preformed tapes and thermoplastics are hi ghly sensitive to extraneous materials on the road surface and moisture contained on and within the road surface. Type V materials shall not be applied if the manufacturer’s recommendations are not met. The Contractor shall provide the Engineer with cert ification from the Manufacturer that they have been adequately trained through the Division of Highway's approved training seminar to apply this material. This certification shall be valid for a period of four (4) years after being issued, after which rece rtification shall be required. 663.5.5.1 -Contractor’s Warranty: If the material has been identified by the Division as having failed the skid resistance (when applicable), adherence, road presence, color, and/or retroreflectivity requirements described in Materials Section 715.40.2 prior to finalization of the Contract, the material shall be corrected by the Contractor in a manner acceptable to the Division and in accordance with the Manufacturer’s recommendations at no additional cost to the Division if the failure is determined by the WVDOH to be caused by improper installation or defects in the manufacturer’s materials. If the material has been identified by the Division as having failed the skid resistance (when applicable), adherence, road presence , color, and/or retroreflectivity requirements described in Materials Section 715.40.2 after finalization of the Contract, and less than one
1.year from the date of application, the material shall be corrected by the Contractor in a manner acceptable to the Division and in accordance with the Manufacturer’s recommendations at no additional cost to the Division if the failure is determined by the WVDOH to be caused by improper installation. 692 All warranty related work required shall be completed within six ty (60) calendar days of notification. In the event that the Contractor fails to meet this time requirement, liquidated damages will be charged for each Calendar Day in the amount of $120 per day. The Contractor may, but shall not be required to replace p reformed thermoplastic Type V material between December 1st and March 1st of the following year. The Contractor may, but shall not be required to replace preformed marking tape Type V material between October 1st and May 1st of the following year. Calendar Days falling within the time frames specified above will not be counted against the Contractor. In addition to any liquidated damages, non -compliance with the warranty requirements specified above may result in the Division’s temporary non -recognition of the Contractor’s material application manufacturer certifications, as described in Section 663.5.5 and as they pertain to other ongoing and/or future Contracts, until the failed materials are corrected. 663.5.6 -Interim Pavement Markings (Type VIIA Mate rial): Interim Pavement Markings shall be Type VIIA Interim Pavement Marking Tape. Type VIIA Marking shall be installed in accordance with the manufacture’s recommendations. The Contractor shall remove all dirt, debris, and loose particles from the roa d surface application areas immediately prior to the installation of Interim markings. While in place, Type VIIA pavement markings shall remain adhered to the pavement, and shall meet the color and retroreflectivity requirements described in Materials Se ction 715.40.3. Any material that fails to meet the above provisions shall be corrected by the Contractor in a manner acceptable to the Engineer at no additional cost to the Division. If necessary, the material shall be tested and evaluated for deficiencie s, with the devices described in the Materials Section, based on an adequate sampling to be determined by the Engineer. 663.5.7 -Temporary Pavement Marking Tape (Types VIIB and VIIC Material): Temporary Pavement Marking Tape shall be either Type VIIB or VIIC, as called for in the Contract plans, and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. The pavement surface shall be dry at the time of pavement marking application. The Contractor shall remove all dirt, debris, loose p articles and heavy oil residues from the road surface application areas immediately prior to installation of pavement markings. Care shall be taken by the Contractor to follow the installation recommendations of the material manufacturer. The Contractor shall be responsible for determining if a surface primer is necessary. Type VIIB and VIIC temporary pavement marking film shall be applied with a mechanical applicator to provide pavement lines which are neat, accurate and uniform. The mechanical applicato r shall be equipped with a film cut -off device. The pavement marking film shall be rolled or tamped to facilitate adhesion to road surface. While in place, all temporary pavement markings shall remain adhered to the pavement and shall meet the color and retroreflectivity requirements described in Materials Section
715.40.4 These provisions shall also apply to Type VIIC materials in wet conditions, as
described in the Materials Section. Any materials that fail to meet the above provisions shall be correct ed by the Contractor in a manner acceptable to the Engineer at no additional cost to the Division. If necessary, the materials shall be tested and evaluated for deficiencies, with the devices described in the Materials Section, based on an adequate samplin g to be determined by the Engineer. Beginning on November 1st, the adherence, color, and retroreflectivity requirements referenced in the previous paragraph shall no longer apply to temporary tape materials which 693 were installed prior to this date. In add ition, the adherence, color, and retroreflectivity requirements shall at no point apply to temporary tapes placed on or after November 1st and prior to April 1st of the following calendar year. When temporary pavement markings are no longer required as a pproved or determined by the Engineer, the plastic pavement marking film shall be neatly removed in its entirety. The cost for this work shall be included in the Contractor’s bid price for installing the temporary markings. 663.5.8 : Blank 663.5.9 -Raised Pavement Markers (RPM’s): Unless otherwise directed by the Engineer, RPM’s shall be placed as specified in the Plans or as otherwise specified in the pavement marking details. The proposed placement of all RPM’s shall be reviewed and approv ed by the Engineer prior to proceeding. In all cases, the reflective faces of RPM’s shall be perpendicular to a line parallel to the roadway centerline. Up until the time of installation, Type P -2 and R -4 markers should be stored indoors and should be protected from any source of moisture both during shipment to the jobsite and at the jobsite. The markers should be maintained at a high enough temperature as to preclude moisture condensation and, at the time of placement, both the markers and their cont ainers shall be dry. The color(s) of the lenses and bodies (Type R -4 only) of the markers shall be in accordance with the Plans or as otherwise specified in the pavement marking details. Unless otherwise specified in the Plans, markers supplementing a broken line, such as a lane line, shall be placed in line with the pavement marking and within the gaps along the line at the appropriate spacing. Markers supplementing a solid line, such as a channelizing line, shall be installed immediately adjacent to t he line with the edge of the marker against the edge of the line. If a Type R -4 marker is to be installed in line with the normal location of a solid line pavement marking, no painted or Type V pavement marking shall be installed at the locations where the R-4 markers are to be installed. R -4 markers shall not be placed on top of existing pavement markings. The Contractor shall be responsible for the replacement of any markers having failed due to non -conformance with any portion of the specifications he rein, and shall incur all associated costs. The Contractor shall also be responsible for the repair of any pavement surfaces damaged and requiring repair, as determined to be necessary by the Engineer and by a method approved by the Engineer, due to non -conformance with any portion of the specifications herein, and shall incur all associated costs. 663.5.9.1 -Type P -2 Marker Installation: At the time of installation, the exposed surfaces of Type P -2 castings shall be free of scale, dirt, rust, oil, grease, or any other contaminant which may impair adhesion. If upon inspection the Engineer determines that one or more of the markers are not sufficiently in conformance with this requirement, the Contractor shall clean each contaminated holder by sand bl asting or other means acceptable to the Engineer in order to remove all such foreign matter prior to installation. The location of placement for each Type P -2 marker shall be of a constant slope longitudinally and laterally, and homogeneous. The location shall show no visible signs of distress or failure, such as cracking or delamination. All edges of the marker shall be placed a minimum of two (2) inches from any portion of the road surface showing such signs of 694 distress or failure. Type P -2 markers shall be placed such that all edges are a minimum of two (2) inches from any lateral construction joint. In addition, Type P -2 RPM’s shall not be placed within an intersection with a public street or highway where the placement of the marker creates a likelihoo d that the marker will be plowed in a direction other than that which the marker is designed for. If it is determined during pre -installation planning that a marker would be placed at a point with one of the aforementioned pavement surface defects, or at a lateral construction joint, or within the intersection of a public street or highway as a result of typical marker spacing, the affected marker may be relocated longitudinally a sufficient distance to be approved by the Engineer. The distance the marker may be relocated shall not exceed ten (10) % of the typical marker spacing. Where it would be necessary to relocate the marker a distance greater than ten (10) % of the typical marker spacing, the affected marker shall be deleted. With the exception of ma rkers installed to supplement yellow centerline markings along undivided roadways, all Type P -2 markers shall be installed such that the near edge of the casting is a minimum of two (2) inches from the nearest longitudinal construction joint. Individual ma rkers may be shifted laterally up to two (2) inches, and up to ten (10) % of the typical marker spacing longitudinally in order to meet this requirement. Where it would be necessary to shift the marker a greater distance laterally and/or longitudinally as allowed above, the affected marker shall be deleted. The recesses for P -2 markers shall be machine cut fully in accordance with the marker manufacturer’s specifications pertaining to, but not limited to, dimensions and blade configuration. All P -2 marker s shall be installed within seven (7) days of cutting the recesses. All recesses shall be dry at the time of installation of the markers, and the pavement and ambient air temperature shall be a minimum of fifty degrees Fahrenheit (50°F) and rising. Prior t o installation of the markers, the recesses shall be brushed or blown clean of any loose material. Epoxy adhesive recommended by the marker manufacturer and meeting the requirements of Materials Section 715.40.6 shall be used to adhere the Type P -2 marke r castings in the recesses. Unless otherwise specified by the adhesive manufacturer, the epoxy adhesive shall be mixed by combining components A and B in a ratio of 1:1 by volume. The epoxy adhesive requires that the mixing operation and placing of the pavement markers be done rapidly. Any mixed batch that becomes so viscous that it cannot be readily extruded from under the casting under light pressure shall not be used. Unless otherwise specified or allowed by the adhesive manufacturer, the adhesive shall be maintained at 60 to 80 °F before mixing, and shall not be heated above 120 °F once mixing starts. Any heating of the epoxy shall be by the application of indirect heat. The Contractor shall insure that the epoxy is thoroughly mixed until it is one homoge neous color. The epoxy shall be placed fully in accordance with the epoxy manufacturer’s specifications. Any requirements made by the adhesive manufacturer which are more stringent than those contained herein shall take precedence. The Contractor shall in stall P -2 marker castings in the recesses using the epoxy adhesive fully in accordance with the marker manufacturer’s specifications. Sufficient epoxy shall be placed in the recess to ensure that all voids beneath and around the casting are filled so as to create a watertight seal around the casting. The casting shall be hand placed into the recesses. The Contractor shall insure that each of the lugs on the sides of the casting are resting on the pavement and that the tips of the casting snowplow deflecting surface(s) are below the pavement surface. The Contractor shall take reasonable steps to avoid buildup of epoxy on either the pavement surface or the casting lip in front of the lens 695 as this buildup will affect the maximum visibility distance of the marke rs. There shall be no epoxy on the marker lens. If this occurs, the Contractor shall replace the marker lens in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations and will incur all costs associated with this. Newly installed P -2 markers shall not be exp osed to traffic until the epoxy adhesive has sufficiently cured. The amount of cure time required is based on the ambient air temperature. The Contractor shall follow the recommendations of the adhesive manufacturer. In no case shall the newly installed ma rkers be exposed to traffic within a time period less than that which is shown in the following table: Ambient Air Temperature, °F Minimum Protection Time (minutes) 100 15 90 20 80 25 70 30 60 35 50 45 663.5.9.3 -Type R -4 Marker Installations: Type R -4 markers shall be placed such that all edges are a minimum of two (2) inches from any lateral construction joint. If during pre-installation planning, it is determined that a marker would be placed at a lat eral construction joint, the affected marker may be relocated longitudinally a sufficient distance to be approved by the project Engineer. The distance the marker may be relocated shall not exceed ten (10) % of the typical marker spacing. Where it would be necessary to relocate the marker a distance greater than ten (10) % of the typical marker spacing, the affected marker shall be deleted. In addition, Type R -4 markers shall not be installed spanning a longitudinal pavement joint. Affected markers may be s hifted if necessary such the edge of the marker bodies are along the edge of the joint. All applications shall be made on dry pavement surfaces free of extraneous materials such as, but not limited to, dirt, dust, grease, oils, existing pavement markings , and excessive remnants of previous delineation or channelization device adhesives. Extraneous materials shall be removed prior to placement by means approved by the Engineer, such as sweeping, high pressure air, scraping, or grinding. The Engineer shall make the final determination as to when the existing surface has been sufficiently cleaned for placement of the markers. Type R -4 markers shall be applied to the asphalt or concrete surface fully in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations usin g an adhesive recommended by the marker manufacturer. The adhesive shall be either 1) a rapid set epoxy adhesive, 2) a standard set epoxy adhesive, or 3) a bitumen adhesive, and shall meet any applicable requirements contained in Materials Section 715.40.6 . The Contractor is cautioned in regards to the application of markers to new asphalt or concrete surfaces. If the markers are to be applied to a new asphalt surface, the Contractor shall consult with the adhesive manufacturer and follow all recommendation s of the adhesive manufacturer in regards to special surface preparation steps or recommended waiting periods between the completion of paving operations and adhesive application. In no case shall the markers be placed until the new asphalt surface has cur ed for a minimum period of fourteen (14) Calendar Days. If the 696 markers are to be applied to a new concrete surface less than ninety (90) Calendar Days after concrete placement, any remaining curing compound on the application surface shall be removed by an Engineer approved method and procedures such as sandblasting, hydro - blasting, shot blasting, or grinding. Regardless of the type of adhesive used, type R -4 markers shall not be placed under the following conditions:
1.When either the pavement or air tempera ture is 32°F or less when using rapid set epoxy, 50°F or less when using standard set epoxy, or 40°F or less when using bitumen adhesive.
2.If the relative humidity of the air is greater than 80 %
3.If the pavement is not surface dry or if there has been rainf all in the previous 24 hours If the markers are to be applied using an epoxy adhesive, this requires that the mixing operation and placing of the markers be done rapidly. If standard set epoxy adhesive is used, the Contractor may mix this material by han d; however, not more than one (1) q uart shall be mixed at one time and the markers shall be aligned and pressed into place within five (5) minutes after mixing operations are started. Any mixed batch which becomes so viscous that the adhesive cannot be rea dily extruded from under the marker on application of slight pressure shall not be used. Rapid set epoxy adhesive shall not be mixed by hand; it shall be mixed by a 2 -component type automatic mixing and extrusion apparatus. Automatic mixing equipment for t he epoxy adhesive shall use positive displacement pumps and shall properly meter the two components in the specified ratio. At any time requested by the Engineer, the ratio shall be checked by the Contractor in the presence of the Engineer. This check shal l be made by disconnecting the mixing heads, or using suitable bypass valves, and filling two suitable containers with the unmixed components. The mixing head shall properly mix the two components so that there is no trace of black or white streaks in the mixed material. Voids in a cured, undisturbed sample of the mixed adhesive obtained from the extrusion nozzle should not exceed four (4) %. When machine mixing standard or rapid set epoxy adhesives, the markers shall be placed within sixty (60) seconds af ter the adhesive has been mixed and extruded, and no further movement of the marker shall be allowed. No more than ninety (90) seconds shall be permitted between the time the adhesive is in place on the roadway and the marker is no longer subjected to furt her movement. The mixed adhesive should not remain in the mixing head for more than forty -five (45) seconds. Adhesive remaining in the mixing head longer than this period shall be wasted before resuming the operation. When applying the markers with epoxy adhesive, the adhesive shall be placed uniformly on the cleaned pavement surface or on the bottom of the marker in a quantity sufficient to result in complete coverage of the area of contact of the marker with no voids present and with a slight exces s after the marker has been lightly pressed in place. Ideally there will be approximately 0.060 in ch adhesive between the marker and the pavement. Excess adhesive around the edge of the marker, excess adhesive on the pavement, and adhesive on the exposed s urfaces of the markers shall be immediately removed. Soft rags moistened with mineral spirits in accordance with Federal Specification TT -T-291 or kerosene may be used to remove adhesive from exposed faces of pavement markers. No other solvent shall be use d. The markers should be protected against impact until the adhesive has hardened to a sufficient degree, as determined by the Engineer. 697 Bituminous adhesive shall be dispensed from a thermostatically controlled melter - applicator at a temperature of 375 to 425 °F. The material shall be stirred frequently to ensure even heating. The adhesive shall be dispensed in a puddle slightly larger than the bottom of the marker, and the marker shall be dropped onto the puddle as quickly as possible, preferably within five (5) seconds of adhesive placement. The marker shall then be pressed lightly onto the adhesive. The adhesive will set up in approximately two (2) minutes and typically no longer requires protection from traffic. Any requirements made by the adhesive manufacturer which are more stringent than those contained herein shall take precedence. 663.5.10 -Rumble Strip Equipment : Equipment utilized for installing Rumble Strips shall be suitable for the application and shall allow for the efficient installation of Rumble Strips that are uniform, consistent, and accurately placed. Cutting equipment shall provide a relatively smooth cut per milled section without tearing or snagging. 663.6 -METHOD OF MEASUREMENT : 663.6.1 -Pavement Markings: Pavement markings shall be measured complete in place in the units designated below. Length measurements shall exclude gaps. Calibrated and verified odometer measurements will be acceptable as method of measurement on edge lines (mainline only), lane lines, and centerlines only for plan quantities in excess of 10,000 linear feet or two linear miles. Island marking will be measured by the square foot of island area painted. Type P -2 markers, Type S markers, and Type R -4 markers shall be measured in units of each, completely installed as specified herein. Payment for the installation of Type P -2 and Type S markers shall include payment for the marker lens, regardless of whether the len s is factory or field installed. Yield Triangle, Handicapped symbol, Bicycle Symbol, Arrow, Lane Letter, and Railroad Crossing Marking intersection markings shall be measured in units of each, completely installed as specified herein. One unit of the Rai lroad Crossing Marking shall consist of the large “X” and the two “R” letters necessary to install the complete marking in one direction. 663.6.2 -Rumble Strips: This work shall be measured for payment by the actual linear feet of Rumble Strips placed and accepted, without regard to the width of the strip. This distance shall be measured longitudinally along the centerline of pavement with deductions for bridge decks, drainage structures, raised pavement markers, loop detector saw -cut locations, and any other sections where Rumble Strips were not installed. 663.7 -BASIS OF PAYMENT : 663.7.1 -General: The quantities, determined as provided above, will be paid for at the Contract unit pric es less adjustments provided for in the Contract, which shall constitute full compensation for furnishing all materials and doing all the work prescribed in a workmanlike and acceptable manner, including the furnishing of all the auxiliary vehicles, labor, tools, equipment, supplies and incidentals necessary to complete the work. The payment for Temporary Pavement Markings includes removal of the pavement marking film. 698 663.7.2 -Rumble Strips: The Contract unit price per foot for Rumble Strips will be paid for the pay items listed in Section 663.8. The price shall include furnishing all equipment, tools, labor, and work incidental thereto and also disposal of any waste material resulting from this operation. 663.8 -PAY ITEMS : ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT 663001 -* Edge Line, Ty pe “type”, “size” I n, “color” Linear Foo t or M iles 663002 -* Lane Line , Type “type”, “size” I n Linear F oot or Miles 663002 -* Center Line , Type “type”, “size” I n Linear F oot or Miles 663004 -* Channelizing Line , Type “type”, “size” I n Linear F oot 663005 -* Stop Line, Ty pe V, “size” I n Linear Foot 663006 -* Crosswalk Line, T y V, 12 I n x 6 F t Linear Foot 663007 -* Stripe, T ype V, 12 I n, “color” Linear Foot 663008 -* Yield Triangle , Type V Each 663009 -* Handicapped Symbol , Type V Each 663009 -* Bicycle Symbol , Type V Each 663010 -* One Direction Lane Arrow , Type V** Each 663010 -* Multi Direction Lane Arrow , Type V*** Each 663010 -* Ramp Wr ong Way Arrow , Type V Each 663010 -* Lane Reduction Arrow , Type V Each 663010 -* Roundabout Arrow with One Arrow, Type V Each 663010 -* Roundabout Arrow with Multiple Arrows, Type V Each 663011 -* Lane Letter , Type V Each 663012 -* Raised Pavement Marker , Type “type” Each 663015 -* Railroad Crossing Markings , Type V Each 663040 -* Edge Line Rumble Strip, “pavement” Linear Foot 663041 -* Centerline Rumble Strip, “pavement” Linear Foot * Sequence number ** Single headed lane assignment arrow. Typically left or right turn *** Multi -headed lane assignment arrow with two to three arrow heads “type” Pavement marking type “size” Pavement marking size or width
Source: West Virginia Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2023 Edition. Pages 704–718 of 1,006.